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American Cichlids

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SUBFAMILY Cichlinae Bonaparte, 1835 - American cichlids [=Cychlini, Acharnina, Geophaginae, Chaetobranchini, Astronotini, Cichlasomini, Crenicarini, Chaetobranchinae, Crenicichlinae, Therapsini, Cichlasomatinae, Retroculinae, Heroini, Acarichthyini, Crenicaratini, Acaroniini, Archocentrina] Notes: Cychlini Bonaparte, 1835:[11] [ref. 32242] (subfamily) Cichla [Cychla inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1; name must be corrected Article 32.5.3; stem corrected to Cichl- by Gill 1872:7 [ref. 26254], confirmed by Bleeker 1877:4 [ref. 454] and by Jordan 1923a:219 [ref. 2421]] Acharnina Günther, 1861c:369 [ref. 1964] (group) Acharnes Geophaginae Haseman, 1911:322 [ref. 2047] (subfamily) Geophagus Chaetobranchini Hoedeman, 1947, in Hoedeman & de Jong, 1947–58:X.60.76, p. 13 [ref. 19665] (tribe) Chaetobranchus [name only, rejected by Kullander 1998:493 [ref. 23855] with the help of Article 13; not available] Astronotini Hoedeman, 1947, in Hoedeman & de Jong, 1947–58:X.60.76, p. 13, [ref. 19665] (tribe) Astronotus [name only, but used as valid, as Astronotidi, by Hoedeman 1954:442, by Hoedeman 1974:1022 and by Kullander 1998:494 [ref. 23855], Article 13.2.1; also as name only: Hoedeman 1948:X.60.762.262, p. 1, Hoedeman 1949:X.60.762.261, p. 1, Hoedeman 1950:X.60.762.262, p. 1 and Hoedeman 1951:X.60.762.265, p. 1] Cichlasomini Hoedeman, 1947, in Hoedeman & de Jong, 1947–58:X.60.76, p. 13 [ref. 19665] (tribe) Cichlasoma [name only, rejected by Kullander 1998:493 [ref. 23855] with the help of Article 13; not available; also in Enclycopedia of Waterlife X.601.175.223, pp. 1, 9] Crenicarini Hoedeman, 1947, in Hoedeman & de Jong, 1947–58:X.60.76, p. 13 [ref. 19665] (tribe) Crenicara [name only, rejected by Kullander 1998:493 [ref. 23855] with the help of Article 13; not available] Chaetobranchinae Fernández-Yépez, 1951:1 [ref. 32241] (subfamily) Chaetobranchus Crenicichlinae Fernández-Yépez, 1951:2 [ref. 32241] (subfamily) Crenicichla [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1] Therapsini Allgayer, 1989:20 [ref. 20696] (tribe) Theraps Cichlasomatinae Kullander, 1998:492 [ref. 23855] (subfamily) Cichlasoma Retroculinae Kullander, 1998:494 [ref. 23855] (subfamily) Retroculus Heroini Kullander, 1998:493 [ref. 23855] (tribe) Heros Acarichthyini Kullander, 1998:494 [ref. 23855] (tribe) Acarichthys Crenicaratini Kullander, 1998:494 [ref. 23855] (tribe) Crenicara Acaroniini Kullander, 1998:494 [ref. 23855] (tribe) Acaronia Archocentrina Allgayer, 2001:13 [ref. 26904] (subtribe) Archocentrus GENUS Acarichthys Eigenmann, 1912 - cichlids [=Acarichthys Eigenmann [C. H.], 1912:483, 500] Notes: [ref. 1227]. Masc. Acara heckelii Müller & Troschel, 1848. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Acarichthys Eigenmann, 1912 -- (Kullander 1980:23 [ref. 5526], Kullander 1986:134 [ref. 12439], Kullander 1998:494 [ref. 23855], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:607 [ref. 27061], Kottelat 2013:373 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Acarichthys Eigenmann, 1912. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Species Acarichthys heckelii (Muller & Troschel, 1849) - threadfin acara [=Acara heckelii Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1849:624, Acara subocularis Cope [E. D.], 1878:696, Geophagus thayeri Steindachner [F.], 1875:108 [48], Pl. 3 (fig. 2, 2a-2b)] Notes: [Reisen in Britisch-Guiana; ref. 3072] Guyana. Current status: Valid as Acarichthys heckelii (Müller & Troschel, 1849). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon and Essequibo River basins: Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and Peru. Introduced in Singapore. Habitat: freshwater. (subocularis) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Peruvian Amazon. Current status: Synonym of Acarichthys heckelii (Müller & Troschel, 1849). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater. (thayeri) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 71 (1. Abth.); ref. 4220] Amazon River at: Tefé, Villa Bella, Obidos, Cudajas; Rio Tocantins; Jatuarana; Ueranduba; Serpa; Rio Tapajos; Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Acarichthys heckelii (Müller & Troschel, 1849). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Acaronia Myers, 1940 - cichlids [=Acaronia Myers [G. S.], 1940:170, Acaropsis (subgenus of Acara) Steindachner [F.], 1875:80] Notes: [ref. 3117]. Fem. Acara nassa Heckel, 1840. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Acaropsis Steindachner, 1875, preoccupied by Acaropsis Moquin-Tandon, 1863 in Arachnida. •Valid as Acaronia Myers, 1940 -- (Kullander 1986:78 [ref. 12439], Kullander 1998:494 [ref. 23855], Farias et al. 1998:502 [ref. 23856], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:607 [ref. 27061], Musilová et al. 2008:660 [ref. 29518]). Current status: Valid as Acaronia Myers, 1940. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. (Acaropsis) [ref. 4220]. Fem. Acara nassa Heckel, 1840. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Acaropsis Moquin-Tandon, 1863 in Arachnida, replaced by Acaronia Myers, 1940. •Synonym of Acaronia Myers, 1940 – (Kullander 1986:78 [ref. 12439], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:607 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Acaronia Myers, 1940. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Species Acaronia nassa (Heckel, 1840) - bigeye cichlid [=Acara nassa Heckel [J. J.], 1840:353, Apistogramma ambloplitoides Fowler [H. W.], 1940:281, Fig. 63, Acara cognatus Heckel [J. J.], 1840:356, Centrarchus rostratus Jardine [W.], in Schomburgk, 1843:163, Pl. 15, Acara unicolor Heckel [J. J.], 1840:357, Pl. 30 (fig. 25)] Notes: [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Boca de Juquià, Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Acaronia nassa (Heckel, 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Widespead in South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (ambloplitoides) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Contamana, Ucayali River basin, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Acaronia nassa (Heckel, 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater. (cognatus) [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Manaus, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Acaronia nassa (Heckel, 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater. (rostratus) [The natural history of fishes of Guiana.--Part II; ref. 3948] Río Negro. Current status: Synonym of Acaronia nassa (Heckel, 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater. (unicolor) [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Manaus, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Acaronia nassa (Heckel, 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Acaronia vultuosa Kullander, 1989 - El Burro cichlid [=Acaronia vultuosa Kullander [S. O.], 1989:447, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoologica Scripta v. 18 (no. 3); ref. 16009] Small drying pool off road from El Burro to Puerto Ayacucho, about 5°47'N, 67°29'W, Depto. Ature, Amazonas, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Acaronia vultuosa Kullander, 1989. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin and upper Negro River basin: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Aequidens Eigenmann & Bray, 1894 - cichlids [=Aequidens (subgenus of Astronotus) Eigenmann [C. H.] & Bray [W. L.], 1894:616] Notes: [ref. 1248]. Masc. Acara tetramerus Heckel, 1840. Type by monotypy in subgenus. •Valid as Aequidens Eigenmann & Bray, 1894 -- (Kullander 1986:338 [ref. 12439], Kullander & Nijssen 1989:134 [ref. 14136], Kullander 1995 [ref. 21877], Kullander 1998:494 [ref. 23855], Britski et al. 1999:148 [ref. 24147], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:607 [ref. 27061], Allen et al. 2006:1437 [ref. 29081], Musilová et al. 2008:660 [ref. 29518], Kullander 2012:52 [ref. 31798], Kottelat 2013:373 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Aequidens Eigenmann & Bray, 1894. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Species Aequidens chimantanus Inger, 1956 - Rio Abacapa cichlid [=Aequidens chimantanus Inger [R. F.], 1956:437, Fig. 94] Notes: [Fieldiana Zoology v. 34 (no. 37); ref. 12201] Río Abácapa, west side of Chimantá-tepui, Venezuela, elevation 1300 feet. Current status: Valid as Aequidens chimantanus Inger, 1956. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Caroní River basin in Orinoco River drainage, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. Species Aequidens diadema (Heckel, 1840) - Marabitanos cichlid [=Acara diadema Heckel [J. J.], 1840:344] Notes: [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Marabitanos, River Negro, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Aequidens diadema (Heckel, 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin and Orinoco River basin: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. Species Aequidens epae Kullander, 1995 - Rio Tapajos cichlid [=Aequidens epae Kullander [S. O.], 1995:158, Fig. 10] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 21877] Río Tapajós drainage, igarapé in Barreirinha, Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Aequidens epae Kullander, 1995. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin in lower Tapajós River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Aequidens gerciliae Kullander, 1995 - Nucleo Aripuana cichlid [=Aequidens gerciliae Kullander [S. O.], 1995:150, Fig. 1] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 21877] Nucleo Aripuana, Igarapé do Aeroporto, above the cachoeira, about 10°10'S, 59°25'W, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Aequidens gerciliae Kullander, 1995. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin in upper Aripuanã River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Aequidens
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    NUTRAFIN Nr.3/USA 17-07-2003 11:28 Pagina 1 Aquatic News 2,50 US$/3,50 Can$/2,50 Euro/2 £/5 Aus$ £/5 2,50 US$/3,50 Can$/2,50 Euro/2 AngelfishesAngelfishes Issue #3 Issue #3 - 2003 www.hagen.com NUTRAFIN Nr.3/USA 17-07-2003 11:28 Pagina 2 Simulates full daylight Intensifies fish colors, Promotes coral, For growing plants Full spectrum Standard intensity Standard Intensity promotes plant growth invertebrate and Standard Intensity Beneficial for planted Visible actinic blue Refreshing, natural Standard Intensity plant growth Warm photosynthetic aquariums spectrum white light Photosynthetic growing High color temperature Spectrum Intense illumination Simulates deep Total illumination for lamp for simulation of natural Ideal for planted Bright, natural lighting marine light marine spectrum freshwater aquariums Ideal for freshwater aquariums or For freshwater, Highly beneficial plants Strong actinic peak for terrariums saltwater, and planted for corals and other photosynthetic deep aquariums invertebrates marine spectrum Total illumination for living corals, marine algae and freshwater plants Distributed by: Canada: Rolf C. Hagen Inc., Montreal, QC H4R 1E8 U.S.A.: Rolf C. Hagen (U.S.A.) Corp., Mansfield, MA. 02048 U.K.: Rolf C. Hagen (U.K.) Ltd., Castleford, W. Yorkshire WF10 5QH NUTRAFIN Nr.3/USA 17-07-2003 11:28 Pagina 3 Editorial Editorial Dear Reader has long ceased to be the case. NUTRAFIN Aquatic NUTRAFIN Aquatic News News is now well and truly believes in sticking to a suc- international – published in no cessful formula. In this issue less than six different lan- you will again find the red guages.