SUBFAMILY Cichlinae Bonaparte, 1835 - American cichlids [=Cychlini, Acharnina, Geophaginae, Chaetobranchini, Astronotini, Cichlasomini, Crenicarini, Chaetobranchinae, Crenicichlinae, Therapsini, Cichlasomatinae, Retroculinae, Heroini, Acarichthyini, Crenicaratini, Acaroniini, Archocentrina] Notes: Cychlini Bonaparte, 1835:[11] [ref. 32242] (subfamily) Cichla [Cychla inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1; name must be corrected Article 32.5.3; stem corrected to Cichl- by Gill 1872:7 [ref. 26254], confirmed by Bleeker 1877:4 [ref. 454] and by Jordan 1923a:219 [ref. 2421]] Acharnina Günther, 1861c:369 [ref. 1964] (group) Acharnes Geophaginae Haseman, 1911:322 [ref. 2047] (subfamily) Geophagus Chaetobranchini Hoedeman, 1947, in Hoedeman & de Jong, 1947–58:X.60.76, p. 13 [ref. 19665] (tribe) Chaetobranchus [name only, rejected by Kullander 1998:493 [ref. 23855] with the help of Article 13; not available] Astronotini Hoedeman, 1947, in Hoedeman & de Jong, 1947–58:X.60.76, p. 13, [ref. 19665] (tribe) Astronotus [name only, but used as valid, as Astronotidi, by Hoedeman 1954:442, by Hoedeman 1974:1022 and by Kullander 1998:494 [ref. 23855], Article 13.2.1; also as name only: Hoedeman 1948:X.60.762.262, p. 1, Hoedeman 1949:X.60.762.261, p. 1, Hoedeman 1950:X.60.762.262, p. 1 and Hoedeman 1951:X.60.762.265, p. 1] Cichlasomini Hoedeman, 1947, in Hoedeman & de Jong, 1947–58:X.60.76, p. 13 [ref. 19665] (tribe) Cichlasoma [name only, rejected by Kullander 1998:493 [ref. 23855] with the help of Article 13; not available; also in Enclycopedia of Waterlife X.601.175.223, pp. 1, 9] Crenicarini Hoedeman, 1947, in Hoedeman & de Jong, 1947–58:X.60.76, p. 13 [ref. 19665] (tribe) Crenicara [name only, rejected by Kullander 1998:493 [ref. 23855] with the help of Article 13; not available] Chaetobranchinae Fernández-Yépez, 1951:1 [ref. 32241] (subfamily) Chaetobranchus Crenicichlinae Fernández-Yépez, 1951:2 [ref. 32241] (subfamily) Crenicichla [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1] Therapsini Allgayer, 1989:20 [ref. 20696] (tribe) Theraps Cichlasomatinae Kullander, 1998:492 [ref. 23855] (subfamily) Cichlasoma Retroculinae Kullander, 1998:494 [ref. 23855] (subfamily) Retroculus Heroini Kullander, 1998:493 [ref. 23855] (tribe) Heros Acarichthyini Kullander, 1998:494 [ref. 23855] (tribe) Acarichthys Crenicaratini Kullander, 1998:494 [ref. 23855] (tribe) Crenicara Acaroniini Kullander, 1998:494 [ref. 23855] (tribe) Acaronia Archocentrina Allgayer, 2001:13 [ref. 26904] (subtribe) Archocentrus GENUS Acarichthys Eigenmann, 1912 - cichlids [=Acarichthys Eigenmann [C. H.], 1912:483, 500] Notes: [ref. 1227]. Masc. Acara heckelii Müller & Troschel, 1848. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Acarichthys Eigenmann, 1912 -- (Kullander 1980:23 [ref. 5526], Kullander 1986:134 [ref. 12439], Kullander 1998:494 [ref. 23855], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:607 [ref. 27061], Kottelat 2013:373 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Acarichthys Eigenmann, 1912. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Species Acarichthys heckelii (Muller & Troschel, 1849) - threadfin acara [=Acara heckelii Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1849:624, Acara subocularis Cope [E. D.], 1878:696, Geophagus thayeri Steindachner [F.], 1875:108 [48], Pl. 3 (fig. 2, 2a-2b)] Notes: [Reisen in Britisch-Guiana; ref. 3072] Guyana. Current status: Valid as Acarichthys heckelii (Müller & Troschel, 1849). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon and Essequibo River basins: Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and Peru. Introduced in Singapore. Habitat: freshwater. (subocularis) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Peruvian Amazon. Current status: Synonym of Acarichthys heckelii (Müller & Troschel, 1849). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater. (thayeri) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 71 (1. Abth.); ref. 4220] Amazon River at: Tefé, Villa Bella, Obidos, Cudajas; Rio Tocantins; Jatuarana; Ueranduba; Serpa; Rio Tapajos; Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Acarichthys heckelii (Müller & Troschel, 1849). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Acaronia Myers, 1940 - cichlids [=Acaronia Myers [G. S.], 1940:170, Acaropsis (subgenus of Acara) Steindachner [F.], 1875:80] Notes: [ref. 3117]. Fem. Acara nassa Heckel, 1840. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Acaropsis Steindachner, 1875, preoccupied by Acaropsis Moquin-Tandon, 1863 in Arachnida. •Valid as Acaronia Myers, 1940 -- (Kullander 1986:78 [ref. 12439], Kullander 1998:494 [ref. 23855], Farias et al. 1998:502 [ref. 23856], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:607 [ref. 27061], Musilová et al. 2008:660 [ref. 29518]). Current status: Valid as Acaronia Myers, 1940. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. (Acaropsis) [ref. 4220]. Fem. Acara nassa Heckel, 1840. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Acaropsis Moquin-Tandon, 1863 in Arachnida, replaced by Acaronia Myers, 1940. •Synonym of Acaronia Myers, 1940 – (Kullander 1986:78 [ref. 12439], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:607 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Acaronia Myers, 1940. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Species Acaronia nassa (Heckel, 1840) - bigeye cichlid [=Acara nassa Heckel [J. J.], 1840:353, Apistogramma ambloplitoides Fowler [H. W.], 1940:281, Fig. 63, Acara cognatus Heckel [J. J.], 1840:356, Centrarchus rostratus Jardine [W.], in Schomburgk, 1843:163, Pl. 15, Acara unicolor Heckel [J. J.], 1840:357, Pl. 30 (fig. 25)] Notes: [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Boca de Juquià, Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Acaronia nassa (Heckel, 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Widespead in South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (ambloplitoides) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Contamana, Ucayali River basin, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Acaronia nassa (Heckel, 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater. (cognatus) [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Manaus, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Acaronia nassa (Heckel, 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater. (rostratus) [The natural history of fishes of Guiana.--Part II; ref. 3948] Río Negro. Current status: Synonym of Acaronia nassa (Heckel, 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater. (unicolor) [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Manaus, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Acaronia nassa (Heckel, 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Acaronia vultuosa Kullander, 1989 - El Burro cichlid [=Acaronia vultuosa Kullander [S. O.], 1989:447, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoologica Scripta v. 18 (no. 3); ref. 16009] Small drying pool off road from El Burro to Puerto Ayacucho, about 5°47'N, 67°29'W, Depto. Ature, Amazonas, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Acaronia vultuosa Kullander, 1989. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin and upper Negro River basin: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Aequidens Eigenmann & Bray, 1894 - cichlids [=Aequidens (subgenus of Astronotus) Eigenmann [C. H.] & Bray [W. L.], 1894:616] Notes: [ref. 1248]. Masc. Acara tetramerus Heckel, 1840. Type by monotypy in subgenus. •Valid as Aequidens Eigenmann & Bray, 1894 -- (Kullander 1986:338 [ref. 12439], Kullander & Nijssen 1989:134 [ref. 14136], Kullander 1995 [ref. 21877], Kullander 1998:494 [ref. 23855], Britski et al. 1999:148 [ref. 24147], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:607 [ref. 27061], Allen et al. 2006:1437 [ref. 29081], Musilová et al. 2008:660 [ref. 29518], Kullander 2012:52 [ref. 31798], Kottelat 2013:373 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Aequidens Eigenmann & Bray, 1894. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Species Aequidens chimantanus Inger, 1956 - Rio Abacapa cichlid [=Aequidens chimantanus Inger [R. F.], 1956:437, Fig. 94] Notes: [Fieldiana Zoology v. 34 (no. 37); ref. 12201] Río Abácapa, west side of Chimantá-tepui, Venezuela, elevation 1300 feet. Current status: Valid as Aequidens chimantanus Inger, 1956. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Caroní River basin in Orinoco River drainage, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. Species Aequidens diadema (Heckel, 1840) - Marabitanos cichlid [=Acara diadema Heckel [J. J.], 1840:344] Notes: [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Marabitanos, River Negro, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Aequidens diadema (Heckel, 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin and Orinoco River basin: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. Species Aequidens epae Kullander, 1995 - Rio Tapajos cichlid [=Aequidens epae Kullander [S. O.], 1995:158, Fig. 10] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 21877] Río Tapajós drainage, igarapé in Barreirinha, Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Aequidens epae Kullander, 1995. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin in lower Tapajós River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Aequidens gerciliae Kullander, 1995 - Nucleo Aripuana cichlid [=Aequidens gerciliae Kullander [S. O.], 1995:150, Fig. 1] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 21877] Nucleo Aripuana, Igarapé do Aeroporto, above the cachoeira, about 10°10'S, 59°25'W, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Aequidens gerciliae Kullander, 1995. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin in upper Aripuanã River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Aequidens