DOCSLIB.ORG

A Influência Dos Desportos Electrónicos Competitivos Na

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Influência Dos Desportos Electrónicos Competitivos Na Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Políticas e do Território 2017 Nuno Miguel A influência dos desportos Araújo Castro Miranda electrónicos competitivos na sociedade chinesa Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Políticas e do Território 2017 Nuno Miguel A influência dos desportos Araújo Castro Miranda electrónicos competitivos na sociedade chinesa Dissertação apresentada à Universidade de Aveiro para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estudos Chineses, realizada sob a orientação científica do Doutor Carlos Rodrigues Professor Auxiliar do Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Políticas e do Território da Universidade de Aveiro o júri presidente Professora Doutora Maria Cristina do Nascimento Rodrigues Madeira Almeida de Sousa Gomes Professora Auxiliar, Universidade de Aveiro vogal - arguente principal Professor Doutor Hugo Casal Figueiredo Professor Auxiliar, Universidade de Aveiro vogal - orientador Professor Doutor Carlos José de Oliveira e Silva Rodrigues Professor Auxiliar, Universidade de Aveiro agradecimentos Gostaria de agradecer e dedicar este trabalho a um grupo especial de pessoas, sem o qual não seria possível realizar esta dissertação. Em primeiro lugar, ao Professor Doutor Carlos Rodrigues, o meu orientador e mentor que sempre se mostrou disponível em ajudar-me. Também gostaria de agradecer ao meu colega e amigo André Veloso, que dedicou imenso tempo comigo em sessões de brainstorming e investigação de artigos. Um grande obrigado à minha mãe e também à minha amiga Viviana Fernandes, que me ajudaram a rever esta mesma dissertação. Agradeço ainda a uma pessoa que me é especial, 贾佳 (JiaJia) que me ajudou bastante em traduções e interpretações. Por fim, um obrigado a todos aqueles que me ajudaram a partilhar o inquérito realizado nesta investigação, e aos que de uma maneira ou de outra manifestaram o seu apoio e suporte. palavras-chave textoJogos, livro, ele arquitectura,trónicos, competição, história, construção, stream, computador,materiais de construção, saber tradicional.telemóvel, China resumo textoRecentemente O presente começou trabalho-se propõe a dar- seatenção divulgar a asum mais novo significativas tipo técnicas de construçãode competição, existentes a deem Portugaljogos electrónicos. continental. OImensas livro é composto por uma apresentaçãoempresas, mesmo dos foramateriais do ramo tradicionais, iniciaram umade corridaconstrução ao (suas principais características),investimento em uma publicidade compilação, via de fichasonline ,técnicas através (de dos carácter prático, uma vastadesportos bibliografia electrónicos. comentada Isto resulto e um glossáriou num boom de termos no formato técnicos. Acompetitivo importante em colaboração que prémios de e saláriosdiversas milionáriospersonalidades são o ligadas à área da Históriaobjectivo dade milharesArquitectura, de jogadores bem como profissionais o levantamento em todo ofotográfico realizado contribuemmundo. para o conhecimento e valorização de um saber tradicional. Consequentemente, esta competição tem atraído imensos fãs e tem gerado um mercado que atinge valores de dezenas de milhares de milhões de dólares anuais, só na China. Nesta dissertação, pretende-se saber através de uma análise com base num questionário realizado a estudantes universitários chineses, qual a dimensão e a influência dos desportos eletrónicos. keywords Games,texto livro, electronic, arquitectura, competition, história, construção, stream, materiaiscomputer, de construção, saber mobile,tradicional. China abstract Recently,texto O presente a new formtrabalho of competition propõe-se divulgarhas hit the as maisspotlights, significativas técnicas de theconstrução e-sports. existentes Lots of companies, em Portugal even continental. ones not relatedO livro toé composto por uma gamingapresentação started dosto invest materiais big time tradicionais in online advertisementsde construção (suas principais viacaracterísticas), e-sports. The uma result compilação was a boomde fichas in the técnicas competitive (de carácter prático, uma formatvasta bibliografia in which million comentadaaire wages e um and glossário prize moneyde termos are técnicos.the targetA importante of thousands colaboração of pro players de d aroundiversas thepersonalidades globe. ligadas à área da Therefore,História da this Arquitectura, fierce competition bem como attracts o levantamentocountless fans fotográfico realizado resultingcontribuem in apara market o conhecimento worth dozens e valorização of billions ofde dollars um saber in tradicional. China alone. In this dissertation, through the analysis of a questionnaire given to Chinese undergraduate students, we will learn how meaningful is the impact of e-sports in the Chinese society. texto livro, arquitectura, história, construção, materiais de construção, saber tradicional. 游戏, 电子, 比赛, 直播, 电脑, 移动, 中国 关键 texto O presente trabalho propõe-se divulgar as mais significativas técnicas de construção existentes em Portugal continental. O livro é composto por uma apresentação dos materiais tradicionais de construção (suas principais 最近，一种新竞技 电子竞技 问世出来了。许多公司，及至 摘要 características), uma- compilação- de fichas técnicas (de carácter prático, uma vasta电子科技 bibliografia行业之外的，开始 comentada通过电竞 e um glossário在互联网广告投入大量 de termos técnicos. 得时间A importante，引起在这个环境中激烈投资竞争 colaboração de diversas。 pe致使rsonalidades电竞背景发 ligadas à área da 展得特别快，História da Arquitectura,全球玩家以百万收入与奖金为目标。 bem como o levantamento fotográfico realizado 这样一来contribuem， 激烈的竞争吸引不计其数的粉丝para o conhecimento e valorização，仅 de仅在中国 um saber市 tradicional. 场到达了几亿。 这篇专题，通过这份对中国大学生德问卷调查，从而了解电 竞对中国社会产生怎样深远的音响。 Índice 1. Introdução .............................................................................................. Página 1 2. Revisão Bibliográfica ............................................................................... Página 4 2.1. A actualidade dos desportos electrónicos na China ............................ Página 4 2.2. O mercado dos desportos electrónicos ............................................... Página 15 2.3. Os clubes e a gestão no mundo dos desportos electrónicos ............... Página 26 2.4. O impacto da transmissão em directo “Livestream” ........................... Página 32 2.5. A mobile gaming ................................................................................. Página 37 2.6. Tencent 腾讯 ....................................................................................... Página 45 2.7 Importância do contexto teórico para o estudo realizado................... Página 48 3. Material e Métodos ................................................................................ Página 49 4. Resultados e Discussão ........................................................................... Página 53 5. Considerações Finais ............................................................................... Página 67 6. Bibliografia .............................................................................................. Página 70 7. Sitografia ................................................................................................ Página 71 Índice de gráficos Gráfico 1: Relação entre número de jogadores online chineses e receitas ao longo do tempo ........ Página 7 Gráfico 2: Crescimento de jogadores online na China ao longo do tempo ....................................... Página 7 Gráfico 3: Quantidade de jogadores online em cibercafés chineses .............................................. Página 14 Gráfico 4: Prizepool ao longo dos anos ........................................................................................... Página 17 Gráfico 5: Valores dos prémios adquiridos ao longo dos anos por diferentes países........................ Página 18 Gráfico 6: Receitas geradas por fã de esports em valores estimados e reportados ........................ Página 19 Gráfico 7: Evolução dos crescimentos de audiência e receitas nos desportos electrónicos.............. Página 20 Gráfico 8: Espectadores de stream de jogos electrónicos na China entre 2013 e 2017 .................. Página 32 Gráfico 9: Distribuição de rendimentos familiares na China .......................................................... Página 34 Gráfico 10: Mercado de stream de jogos na China entre os anos de 2014 e 2018 (previsões).......... Página 35 Gráfico 11: Distribuição por género e faixa etária dos jogadores chineses de telemóvel.................. Página 36 Gráfico 12: Crescimento das receitas da indústria de jogos para telemóvel na China....................... Página 38 Gráfico 13: Receitas das empresas de jogos de telemóvel da China.................................................. Página 38 Gráfico 14: Popularidade dos tipos de jogo de desportos electrónicos para telemóvel.................... Página 40 Gráfico 15: Visualizações e conteúdo de stream de jogos na China................................................... Página 41 Gráfico 16: Lucro das companhias por funcionário .......................................................................... Página 44 Gráfico 17: As maiores companhias de jogos online por receitas em 2014 e 2015........................... Página 45 Gráfico 18: Resposta à questão “Joga jogos online?” por género...................................................... Página 54 Gráfico 19: Resultados da questão “Que títulos joga?”.................................................................... Página 55 Gráfico 20: Resposta à questão “Que títulos joga?” por géneros....................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Uila Supported Apps
    Uila Supported Applications and Protocols updated Oct 2020 Application/Protocol Name Full Description 01net.com 01net website, a French high-tech news site. 050 plus is a Japanese embedded smartphone application dedicated to 050 plus audio-conferencing. 0zz0.com 0zz0 is an online solution to store, send and share files 10050.net China Railcom group web portal. This protocol plug-in classifies the http traffic to the host 10086.cn. It also 10086.cn classifies the ssl traffic to the Common Name 10086.cn. 104.com Web site dedicated to job research. 1111.com.tw Website dedicated to job research in Taiwan. 114la.com Chinese web portal operated by YLMF Computer Technology Co. Chinese cloud storing system of the 115 website. It is operated by YLMF 115.com Computer Technology Co. 118114.cn Chinese booking and reservation portal. 11st.co.kr Korean shopping website 11st. It is operated by SK Planet Co. 1337x.org Bittorrent tracker search engine 139mail 139mail is a chinese webmail powered by China Mobile. 15min.lt Lithuanian news portal Chinese web portal 163. It is operated by NetEase, a company which 163.com pioneered the development of Internet in China. 17173.com Website distributing Chinese games. 17u.com Chinese online travel booking website. 20 minutes is a free, daily newspaper available in France, Spain and 20minutes Switzerland. This plugin classifies websites. 24h.com.vn Vietnamese news portal 24ora.com Aruban news portal 24sata.hr Croatian news portal 24SevenOffice 24SevenOffice is a web-based Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. 24ur.com Slovenian news portal 2ch.net Japanese adult videos web site 2Shared 2shared is an online space for sharing and storage.
    [Show full text]
  • Tencent and China Mobile's Dilemma
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems PACIS 2014 Proceedings (PACIS) 2014 FROM WECHAT TO WE FIGHT: TENCENT AND CHINA MOBILE’S DILEMMA Jun Wu School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, [email protected] Qingqing Wan School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2014 Recommended Citation Wu, Jun and Wan, Qingqing, "FROM WECHAT TO WE FIGHT: TENCENT AND CHINA MOBILE’S DILEMMA" (2014). PACIS 2014 Proceedings. 265. http://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2014/265 This material is brought to you by the Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS) at AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). It has been accepted for inclusion in PACIS 2014 Proceedings by an authorized administrator of AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). For more information, please contact [email protected]. FROM WECHAT TO WE FIGHT: TENCENT AND CHINA MOBILE’S DILEMMA Jun Wu, School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China, [email protected] Qingqing Wan, School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China, [email protected] Abstract With the coming of mobile internet era, Giants in the different industry begin to compete face by face. This teaching case presents the event of charging for WeChat in China context to delineate the new challenges that Online Service Provider and Mobile Network Operator will face.
    [Show full text]
  • NIBC First Round Case NIBC Ele Ctro N Ic Arts Contents
    NIBC First Round Case NIBC Ele ctro n ic Arts Contents 1. The Scenario 2. Background Information 3. Tasks & Deliverables A. Discounted Cash Flow Analysis B. Trading Comparables Analysis C. Precedent Transactions Analysis D. LBO Analysis E. Presentation 4. Valuation & Technical Guidance A. Discounted Cash Flow Analysis B. Trading Comparables Analysis C. Precedent Transactions Analysis D. LBO Analysis 5. Rules & Regulations 6. Appendix A: Industry Overview 7. Appendix B: Precedent Transactions Legal Disclaimer: The Case and all relevant materials such as spreadsheets and presentations are a copyright of the members of the NIBC Case Committee of the National Investment Banking Competition & Conference (NIBC), and intended only to be used by competitors or signed up members of the NIBC Competitor Portal. No one may copy, republish, reproduce or redistribute in any form, including electronic reproduction by “uploading” or “downloading”, without the prior written consent of the NIBC Case Committee. Any such use or violation of copyright will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. Need for Speed Madden NFL Electronic Arts Electronic Arts Welcome Letter Dear Competitors, Thank you for choosing to compete in the National Investment Banking Competition. This year NIBC has continued to expand globally, attracting top talent from 100 leading universities across North America, Asia, and Europe. The scale of the Competition creates a unique opportunity for students to receive recognition and measure their skills against peers on an international level. To offer a realistic investment banking experience, NIBC has gained support from a growing number of former organizing team members now on the NIBC Board, who have pursued investment banking careers in New York, Hong Kong, Toronto, and Vancouver.
    [Show full text]
  • The Digital Diaspora in Sunset Park: Information and Communication Technologies in Brooklyn’S Chinatown
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2013 The Digital Diaspora in Sunset Park: Information and Communication Technologies in Brooklyn’s Chinatown Sarah Wendolyn Williams Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1759 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE DIGITAL DIASPORA IN SUNSET PARK: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN BROOKLYN’S CHINATOWN by SARAH WENDOLYN WILLIAMS A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2013 © 2013 SARAH WENDOLYN WILLIAMS All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Anthropology in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ___Michael Blim___________________________ _________________________ _________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee ___Gerald Creed___________________________ _________________________ _________________________________________ Date Executive Officer Professor Michael Blim Distinguished Professor David Harvey Professor Emeritus Jane Schneider Supervisory
    [Show full text]
  • VBI Vulnerabilities Portfolio
    VBI Vulnerabilities Portfolio October 28, 2013 <[email protected]> http://www.vulnbroker.com/ CONFIDENTIAL VBI Vulnerabilities Portfolio Contents 1 Foreword 6 1.1 Document Formatting.................................... 6 1.2 Properties and Definitions.................................. 6 1.2.1 Vulnerability Properties............................ 6 1.2.2 Vulnerability Test Matrix........................... 8 1.2.3 Exploit Properties............................... 8 2 Adobe Systems Incorporated 12 2.1 Flash Player......................................... 12 VBI-12-033 Adobe Flash Player Client-side Remote Code Execution........... 12 2.2 Photoshop CS6....................................... 15 VBI-13-011 Adobe Photoshop CS6 Client-side Remote Code Execution......... 15 3 Apple, Inc. 17 3.1 iOS.............................................. 17 VBI-12-036 Apple iOS Remote Forced Access-Point Association............. 17 VBI-12-037 Apple iOS Remote Forced Firmware Update Avoidance........... 18 4 ASUS 21 4.1 BIOS Device Driver..................................... 21 VBI-13-015 ASUS BIOS Device Driver Local Privilege Escalation............ 22 5 AVAST Software a.s. 24 5.1 avast! Anti-Virus...................................... 24 October 28, 2013 CONFIDENTIAL Page 1 of 120 VBI Vulnerabilities Portfolio VBI-13-005 avast! Local Information Disclosure..................... 24 VBI-13-010 avast! Anti-Virus Local Privilege Escalation................. 26 6 Barracuda Networks, Inc. 28 6.1 Web Filter.......................................... 28 VBI-13-000
    [Show full text]
  • Zhang Guoyou, Jiang Wenlong, Wang Ying and Liu Shang
    Zhang, G., Jiang, W., Wang, Y. & Liu, S. (2017). Research on Zhang, Jiang, Wang & Liu multifunctional integrated internet platforms. In Proceedings of The 17th International Conference on Electronic Business (pp. 215-221). ICEB, Dubai, UAE, December 4-8. Research on Multifunctional Integrated Internet Platforms Guoyou Zhang*, School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an JiaoTong University & School of Business Administration, Tongling University, China, [email protected] Wenlong Jiang, School of Business Administration, Tongling University, China Ying Wang , School of Foreign Languages, Tongling University, China Shang Liu, School of Business Administration, Tongling University, China ABSTRACT Throughout the development of China’s Internet industry for more than 20 years, we can tease out three stages that can represent the trend of the times: the first stage can be called "the Portal Era" with the entire Internet industry dominated by portal websites. However, with several major portals ’transitions after being unable to maintain effective operation of their profit model, the Portal Era came to an end. The second stage we call "Social Network Era", represented by Sina Mircroblog and WeChat. The former had successful transitions after several ups and downs and the latter is trending and promising. Also vigorously developing are various social websites and mobile apps. In the midst of the laughter of those entrepreneurs, the industry came to a third stage of development: The Era of E-business. These three stages did not appear one after another in chronological order. Social networks and e-business platforms in fact exist simultaneously with two groups of people hitting on different roads that lead to the same destination.
    [Show full text]
  • Assets Portfolio
    Assets Portfolio October 6, 2014 CONFIDENTIAL Assets Portfolio Contents 1 Foreword 7 1.1 Document Formatting.................................... 7 1.2 Properties and Definitions.................................. 7 1.2.1 Vulnerability Properties............................ 7 1.2.2 Vulnerability Test Matrix........................... 9 1.2.3 Asset Deliverables............................... 9 1.2.4 Exploit Properties............................... 10 2 Adobe Systems Incorporated 13 2.1 Adobe Reader........................................ 13 14-004 Adobe Reader Client-side Remote Code Execution............. 13 2.2 Flash Player......................................... 15 12-033 Adobe Flash Player Client-side Remote Code Execution........... 15 2.3 Photoshop CS6....................................... 17 13-011 Adobe Photoshop CS6 Client-side Remote Code Execution......... 18 3 Apple, Inc. 20 3.1 Mac OS X.......................................... 20 14-010 Apple Mac OS X Local Privileged Command Execution........... 20 4 ASUS 22 4.1 BIOS Device Driver..................................... 22 13-015 ASUS BIOS Device Driver Local Privilege Escalation............ 23 October 6, 2014 CONFIDENTIAL Page 1 of 134 Assets Portfolio 5 AVAST Software a.s. 25 5.1 avast! Anti-Virus...................................... 25 13-005 avast! Local Information Disclosure..................... 25 13-010 avast! Anti-Virus Local Privilege Escalation................. 27 6 Barracuda Networks, Inc. 29 6.1 Web Filter.......................................... 29 13-000 Barracuda
    [Show full text]
  • 3000 Applications
    Uila Supported Applications and Protocols updated March 2021 Application Protocol Name Description 01net.com 05001net plus website, is a Japanese a French embedded high-tech smartphonenews site. application dedicated to audio- 050 plus conferencing. 0zz0.com 0zz0 is an online solution to store, send and share files 10050.net China Railcom group web portal. This protocol plug-in classifies the http traffic to the host 10086.cn. It also classifies 10086.cn the ssl traffic to the Common Name 10086.cn. 104.com Web site dedicated to job research. 1111.com.tw Website dedicated to job research in Taiwan. 114la.com Chinese cloudweb portal storing operated system byof theYLMF 115 Computer website. TechnologyIt is operated Co. by YLMF Computer 115.com Technology Co. 118114.cn Chinese booking and reservation portal. 11st.co.kr ThisKorean protocol shopping plug-in website classifies 11st. the It ishttp operated traffic toby the SK hostPlanet 123people.com. Co. 123people.com Deprecated. 1337x.org Bittorrent tracker search engine 139mail 139mail is a chinese webmail powered by China Mobile. 15min.lt ChineseLithuanian web news portal portal 163. It is operated by NetEase, a company which pioneered the 163.com development of Internet in China. 17173.com Website distributing Chinese games. 17u.com 20Chinese minutes online is a travelfree, daily booking newspaper website. available in France, Spain and Switzerland. 20minutes This plugin classifies websites. 24h.com.vn Vietnamese news portal 24ora.com Aruban news portal 24sata.hr Croatian news portal 24SevenOffice 24SevenOffice is a web-based Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. 24ur.com Slovenian news portal 2ch.net Japanese adult videos web site 2Checkout (acquired by Verifone) provides global e-commerce, online payments 2Checkout and subscription billing solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter I Introduction
    CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Tencent Holdings Limited (Tencent), an investment holding company, provides Internet value-add service (IVAS), mobile and telecommunication value-add services (MVAS), online advertising and e-Commerce transactions. It is China’s largest and most used Internet service portal, the third largest Internet company in the world, which is behind Google and Amazon with USD 38 billion market capitalization. The company offers diverse service include social network, web portals, ecommerce, and multiplayer online games through various segments which are communications platforms, Social platforms, media platforms, Internet value-add service (IVAS), mobile and telecommunication value- add services (MVAS), online advertising and e-Commerce Transaction. Tencent Holdings Limited was founded in 1998 and its headquartered is in Shenzhen, the People’s Republic of China. On June 16, 2004, Tencent Holdings Limited (SEHK 700) went public on the main board of the HongKong Stock Exchange. 1.1 Background Tencent was formed by Huateng Ma and Zhidong Zhang in November 1998 as Tencent Inc. It was incorporated in the Cayman Islands using funds from venture capitalists. In these earlier three years, the company did not turn a profit for three years. In 2001, a South African company named Naspers purchased a 46% share of the company. At same time, Tencent’s messenger product has changed its name from OICQ to QQ. Tencent joined the Hong Kong stock exchange in 2004 and it was add as a Hang Seng Index Constituent Stock in 2008. Tencent has grown into one of China’s Largest and most used Internet service portal. The mission of Tencent is to enhance the quality of human life through Internet service.
    [Show full text]
  • Analyzer Technology Coverage VERSION 4.4 VERSION All IP Application Protocols Which Can Be Analysed, and Allanalyzed and Gathered Kpis
    Analyzer Technology Coverage VERSION 4.4 Lists the details regarding wireless technology interface and protocol support for LTE/UMTS/GSM/Core, all IP Application protocols which can be analysed, and all analyzed and gathered KPIs. PRODUCT NOTE Analyzer Technology Coverage TECHNOLOGY PACKAGE PROTOCOL COVERAGE LTE TECHNOLOGY PACKAGE LTE Uu interface › LTE RRC: 3GPP 36.331 v.10.7.0, v.10.6.0, v.10.3.0, v.9.7.0, v.9.2.0, v.8.7.0 › NAS: 3GPP 24.301 v.10.3.0, v.9.2.0, v.8.3.0 › GSM/3G supplementary services: 3G TS 24.080 v.9.2.0, v.7.3.0, v.6.3.0, v.5.5.0 › LPP: 3GPP 36.355 v.9.6.0 › GSM/3G SMS: 3G TS 24.011 v.10.0.0, TS 23.040 v.7.1.0, v.6.7.0, v.5.6.1, TS 23.038 v.7.0.0, v.6.1.0, v.5.6.0 › LTE MAC: 3GPP TS 36.321 v.8.7.0 › LTE RLC: 3GPP TS 36.322 v.8.7.0 › LTE PDCP: 3GPP TS 36.323 v.9.0.0 S1, X2 interfaces › Ethernet: IETF RFC 826 (11/1982), IEEE 802.1Q-2003, IETF RFC 3032, IETF RFC 3031 (MPLS) › IPv4: IETF RFC 791 (09/1981), RFC 2507 (02/1999) › IPv6: IETF RFC 2460 (12/1998) S102 interface SGs interface › SCTP: IETF RFC 2960 (10/2000), RFC 4960, RFC 5061 › Ethernet: IETF RFC 826 (11/1982), IEEE 802.1Q-2003, › Ethernet: IETF RFC 826 (11/1982), IEEE 802.1Q-2003, (09/2007), RFC 4895, RFC 4820, RFC 3758 IETF RFC 3032, IETF RFC 3031 (MPLS) IETF RFC 3032, IETF RFC 3031 (MPLS) › S1-AP: 3GPP 36.413 v.10.6.0, v.10.2.0, v.9.6.0, v.9.2.2, v.8.7.0 › IPv4: IETF RFC 791 (09/1981), RFC 2507 (02-1999) › IPv4: IETF RFC 791 (09/1981), RFC 2507 (02/1999) › LPPa: 3GPP TS 36.455 v.9.4.1 › IPv6: IETF RFC 2460 (12/1998) › IPv6: IETF RFC 2460 (12/1998) › DoCoMo
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Qq in Efl Teaching and Learning: a Literature Review
    DOI: 10.5507/tvv.2018.021 Trendy ve vzdělávání 2018 THE USE OF QQ IN EFL TEACHING AND LEARNING: A LITERATURE REVIEW LEI Yang, CN – MARESOVA Hana, CZ Abstract Tencent QQ is considered to be one of the most popular instant messaging software in China. It has been widely used to facilitate teaching and learning. This research aims to give a general picture about the researches concerning the use of QQ in EFL teaching and learning, and tries to find the questions asked, the methods used and the answers found by Chinese researchers. 224 articles have been retrieved from CNKI, the largest academic database in China, and processed according to publication information, research questions, methods, results and their relatedness to QQ and to the use of QQ in EFL teaching and learning. Existing researches mainly focus on the use of QQ in EFL teaching, learning and QQ-based communication. Qualitative, quantitative and integrated methods are used respectively. It has been repeatedly proved that QQ can have positive effects on various levels, forms and fields of EFL teaching and learning. In the future, researches can adopt social, cultural, humanistic or cross-disciplinary perspectives and focus on 1) the theory of using QQ, 2) the use of QQ in primary and secondary education, 3) the use of QQ in reading, listening, speaking and translation, 4) the use of QQ affected by contextual and individual factors, 5) the risks of using QQ, 6) the relationship between the use of QQ and other technologies, and 7) the relationship between QQ-based teaching and other teaching approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • 786774 Jingyou Zhang Master
    COPENHAGEN BUSINESS SCHOOL A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CHINESE COMPANIES’ PATHS TO BUSINESS ECOSYSTEMS —Cases of Alibaba, Tencent, Geely and Haier MSc in International Business Jingyou Zhang SUPERVISED BY DE115385 Peter Ping Li 16. Sep. 2019 Abstract Purpose - The aim of this research is to explore and compare the development paths of Chinese companies to business ecosystem model, using four cases of both internet companies and traditional manufacturers, namely Alibaba, Tencent, Geely and Haier. Approach - This thesis used both chronological sequences and four-approach method, viz. investment, incubation, innovation and internationalization, to present four cases’ second-hand information collected from both online and offline sources. After checking within-case models, Group A could form a cross-case synthesis: companies in internet business sector, however Group B did not reach a consensus. Finally, case-comparison method was used to compare Group A (internet companies) and the other two cases in manufacturing sector. Findings – Internet companies and Geely & Haier have different development paths to ecosystem business model. The internet firms are more advanced in BE than manufacturers and spend less time in moving to next stage. For internet companies, incubation and innovation are the most important, while investment and internalization are the key contributors for Geely and Haier. Acknowledgements Firstly, many thanks go to my supervisor, Peter, who always supports me. In the beginning, he helped me to find this interesting topic to dig inside. He is a pioneering scholar in this research filed. He sent me some useful reading materials and paid time and efforts to reading through parts of my work.
    [Show full text]