Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan 2012-13 to 2016-17 District

Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan 2012-13 to 2016-17

Executive Summary Introduction Agriculture is the basic way of life of the district. It provides sustenance for the vast majority of our population, but because of the failure of the crops in the last few years there has been a loss in the momentum which suggests a deeper problem in our strategy, correcting this is the main focus of the plan. The present comprehensive Agriculture policy after taking a careful note of the harsh realities backed by necessary figures and statistics has stressed the need to act on the following aspects.

Agriculture To increase the crop productivity in the said plan the policy emphasized on the important of Micro – irrigation by providing subsidy to the micro irrigation equipments, dissemination of need based technologies and demonstrating the same at the gross root level so that farmers will be educated in identifying the constraints in the crop production. Also, production of certified seeds and availability at affordable prices finds a place in the plan. As the district has larger areas of marginally fertile soils which are utilized by for producing minor millets and horticulture so that income can also be expected from such soils which otherwise go as uncultivable waste lands. In the recent years organic farming is gaining importance, which also finds a place in the plan which certainly help to maintain and enhance soil health. Increasing the area under irrigation is important for increasing cropping intensity, productivity enhancement and area expansion coupled with this mechanization has been promoted on a large scale to overcome the problem of labour shortage brought about from the urban migration. Vast fallow land area is available in the district, too needs to be diverted to converted to horticulture and encouragement is given for processing increasing part of the same. Also, large area of Horticulture and unclassified forest on private lands and Mangrove Forest are available in the district which can be utilised for promoting Apiculture as an Industry which helps in increasing the crop yields by way of cross pollination and also provides rural employment. Also considering the prestine, natural beauty and the biodiversity of the region Low Cost Agro – Tourism needs to be promoted on a cluster basis to increase farmers income. Farmers agriculture income will be increased only when they get the remunerative prices, in times of distress sales the produce needs value addition which finds a place in the plan through Agro processing, Public private partnership participation and providing right information to the farmers by strengthening the extension system.

Horticulture Ratnagiri district is blessed with soil and climatic conditions suitable for cultivation of horticultural crops, however because of various reasons there is a massive gap in productivity of Mango, Cashewnut and Coconut. So the plan emphasizes educating and encouraging farmers them to undertake Integrated Crop Management and also aid more expansion of area for fruits including the dry land horticulture crops, medicinal and aromatic plants.

1 As mentioned above, the major constraints of the horticultural production is the irrigation, so importance has been given to insitu water harvesting (Konkan Jalkund, Konkan Vijay Bandhara) and rain water harvesting. Popularization of Organic farming and providing and technical know –how to the farmers and exporting the same is stressed in the plan. Importance has been given to the processing of fruit crops especially the cashew apple and promoting Alcohol extraction for industrial and medicinal purposes and Wine manufacturing so that the farmers get assured price for their produce. District is known for its Alphonso Mango, canning variety (30% of total production) a large part which (83%) goes out of the district for blending with other low cost varieties and is marketed in the domestic and international as Pure Alphonso mango Pulp thereby degrading the Alphonso Mango Brand of Ratnagiri district. An aseptic unit backed by clusters of Mango growers too needs to be addressed vide the said plan.

Watershed Development The focus of the plan is to conserve soil and moisture as well as to put to the best use according their capabilities to improve the overall productivity of the catchments in a holistic way.

Animal husbandry Development The plan concentrates on increasing the cattle and buffaloes population of the district by providing necessary facilities. Along with up gradation of local cattle through effective A.I. programs it is suggested to establish hatcheries at IPD block to produce local varieties of chicks and to Strengthen the distribution network of government Hatcheries by involving SHG’s / producer association. Strengthening and modernization of existing veterinary hospitals and dispensaries which is long overdue to give quality services to farmers. Strengthening of diary cooperatives too is suggested in order to rivive the sagging milk collection.

Fisheries Development With the main objective of reviving the dwindling stock and also reinstate the earlier levels of annual production from marine fisheries by instituting controls and encouraging deep sea fisheries to increase production. The aim is also towards increasing the production of fish from tanks, river and reservoir fishery various development schemes finds a place in the district plan, placing greater importance on production cum employment oriented activities. With the increased demand for fish, most of the tanks and ponds in the district The internal water resources are to be development by stocking fish seeds. Mariculture too is to be encouraged in order to provide impetus to Cultivation and harvesting of mussels and crustaeceans.

Districts Industries Development For overall socio economic development of the district, strengthen the manufacturing industry in agriculture and processing and cottage industries in horticulture and allied sector. Coconut offers potential for a host of alled industries in processing every seperate parts of the tree. Also provision has been made to provide capital investment subsidy to new, expansion or modernized industrial unit.

2 Agricultural Marketing Development Agricultural marketing plays a pivotal role in strengthening the economy of a producer with the main objective of achieving marketing efficiency. The district plan focuses on overall development by constructing rural godowns, providing cold storage facilities grading units, packing units and irridiation plant. Importance has been given to providing transportation facilities, and encourage mango growers to undertake export to the international market and encourage farmers to adopt GLOBALGAP standards.

Minor Irrigation Development The division has to irrigate an extensively large area in Ratnagiri district by devising forward linkages in development of delivery mechanisms and thereby increasing the cropping intensity in the district which is at a low 113% and also constructing Tanks and tapping the largely unused groundwater. The plant targets to bring around 4000 ha of land under irrigation.

Public Private Partnership  Value addition and contract farming in Alphonso Mango and Cashewnut crop, processing and packing units.  Promotion of Oilseeds, food and fruit processing industries.  Establishment of organic retail sale points at district and taluka level  Establishment of cold storage and godawoon

Impact on Farmers Income The prevailing average net income of the farmers when considered taking in to account the allied activities stands at Rs. 27206. The effort put in through the various activities taken up by the development departments is expected the farm family income to Rs 32170 at the end of

Eleventh Five Year Plan.

Budget Requirement In order to achieve the target growth rate the district comprehensive agricultural plan has proposed (2012-13 to 2016-17) an outlay of Rs. 7475.79 lakhs for Agriculture development, Rs. 2895.55 lakhs for horticulture development, Rs 22087.19 lakhs for watershed development, Rs. 3834.55 lakhs for Animal Husbandry development, 6839.96 lakh for fisheries development, Rs. 30.00 lakhs for social forestry, Rs. 2823.25 lakhs for cooperative society. The estimated gross budgetary requirement for the overall development is pegged at Rs. 48231.69 lakhs (for the period 2012-13 to 2016-17).

3 Flow Chart of Consultation Process

Discussion with Need Krishi Pandit Gram Panchayat Line Department based on and Profession Gram Presidents and at Gram members 1 farmers Sabhas Panchayat level

Non Taluka Agriculture Taluk level line

Government Office Departments Organisations

All line District Superintending Konkan Departm Agriculture Office Agricultural

1 Flow Chart of Consultation Process

Sheer Nakhare Vehel Bharne Nive Kalwande G. P G. P G. P G.P G.P Adivare Wakawli G.P G.P G. P G.P

Mandangad Khed Sangamesh Guhagar Ratnagiri Chiplun Lanja Taluka Taluka -war Taluka Taluka Taluka Taluka Dapoli Agriculture Agriculture Taluka Agriculture Agriculture Office Agriculture Agriculture Taluka Office Agriculture Office Office Rajapur Office Office Agriculture Office Taluka Office Agriculture Panchayath Office

All concerned Line Experts, Scientists, Krishi District Supertending departments & NGOs panditts and progressive Agriculture Office farmers

CDAP Consultant

5 Chapter I Introduction

Performance of agriculture sector in the country has turned out to be quite dissatisfactory because of sharp deceleration in growth rate of agricultural output. Ministry of Finance, Planning Commission, and office of the Prime Minister are emphasizing concerted measures to address poor growth rate in agriculture, partly because poor growth rate has serious implications on the food availability for the ever-growing population and partly because it affects growth of overall economy of our country. The 53rd National Development Council resolved that agricultural strategies must be reoriented to meet the needs of the farmers and called upon the Central and States to evolve a strategy to rejuvenate agriculture. The NDC reaffirmed its commitment to achieve 4% annual growth in the agriculture sector during the 11th Five-Year Plan. As per the resolution, States have to formulate District Agriculture Plan for each district that fully utilizes resources available from all existing schemes, State or Central, including resources at the district level. The District Agriculture Plan includes livestock and fishing also and be integrated with minor irrigation projects, rural development works and with other schemes for water harvesting and conservation. The District Agriculture Plan is prepared by combined efforts of departments of agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries, dairy development and expert from State Agriculture University. Present scenario of the district is studied and growth rate of agriculture is calculated. Reasons for low productivity are studied and gaps in adoption of technology by the farmers are analyzed. In order to achieve higher production targets during the period of 11th Five-Year plan, the projections of production of crops, milk, eggs, meat and fish are made. Accordingly, the strategies and activity plan are prepared to achieve the projected targets.

1 Adopted Methodology

Keeping the above objectives and guidelines, the district plan has been prepared considering the various parameters and modalities. As stated earlier, a ‘holistic and visionary approach’ is needed for agriculture sector development. Hence, while preparing the CDAP, almost all the sectors/programmes concerning rural development, farming and vulnerable sections have been taken into consideration. The important sectors/programmes include: horticulture; fishery; animal husbandry; minor irrigation; watershed; agricultural marketing; technology and extension; rural industries, rural credit etc. The CDAP for XII Five-Year Plan is prepared keeping the Five-Year Plan parameters as benchmark. The main problems encountered in the agricultural sector namely, investment, gaps in the yields, production and productivity levels, infrastructure, technology and extension, interdependence of various sectors etc. have been documented and analyzed in detail as mentioned through a rigorous process as mentioned below. For the systematic and scientific planning, a SWOT analysis of the district has been done. Further, growth drivers of the district, the innovative schemes suitable and supportive for higher growth in agriculture are included in the plan. The data base of the plan is both quantitative and qualitative. The former is based on secondary sources, and the latter on the observations and discussions held with various

6 stakeholders like progressive farmers, elected representatives of Panchayat raj institutions (PRIs) at different levels, voluntary and non-governmental organizations. The CDAP is prepared broadly on the framework suggested by the Planning Commission i.e. decentralized and integrated approach. As per this direction, the plan preparation began with consultation process with stakeholders at different stages starting from the village (grama panchayat) level. The consultations began with leaders/model farmers, presidents and vice presidents and knowledgeable members of GPs. The same method was adopted at the TP and ZP levels. In particular, the members of Standing Committees for planning and agriculture were actively involved through out the preparation of the CDAP. The concerned district Ministers were also consulted during the preparation of the plan. An exclusive planning team was constituted by the Chief Executive Officer of the ZP under the overall supervision of the Chief Planning Officer of ZP. Above all, guidance and advice was sought from time to time from the Scientists of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore and Economists and Experts in Decentralisation of the Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore. The senior Officers of the Department of Agriculture at the state level were also provided opportunities for interactive discussions on the draft plan; they gave useful inputs and suggestions from time to time.

1. Orientation of district level officers on 4 % growth rate District level committee of ATMA includes district level officers of agriculture and line departments, scientists from Agriculture University & its Zonal Research Stations and NGO's. The resolution of 53rd National Development Council and the need for reorientation of agricultural developmental strategies were discussed. The job of preparation of developmental strategies of line departments was assigned to respective departments.

2. Collection of information and calculation of growth rate of agriculture and allied sectors. Agriculture is usually the largest commodity producing sector of a district’s economy. Animal Husbandry is closely interwoven with agriculture and plays an important complementary role in the rural economy. It provides high quality food (milk, meat and eggs), wool, fiber and manure, in addition to providing employment or supplementary income to a vast majority of the rural population. The agriculture sector includes all agricultural products like crop, horticultural output which includes vegetables, fruits and flower output and their by-products plus all the products from animal husbandry sector. Animals are generally fed together. Farmers usually do not keep separate account of the outputs of agricultural crops and the part goes as inputs for feeding the animals. The estimates of inputs cannot then be prepared separately. Thus, the Directorate of Economics and Statistics prepared the value added estimates for the overall activity of agriculture, animal husbandry and fisheries separately by using the following formula- Value Added= (Value of output - Value of input)

Value of output of a particular crop = Price x Output produced or procured whichever relevant For estimating the value of output from the agricultural sector, there are three major categories:

7 a) Agricultural output sold in the open market b) Agricultural output procured by the Government. c) Agricultural by-product

Relevant variables for prices a) Post harvest price of each variety of crops b) Respective quantity produced c) Procurement price of each crop d) Amount procured for each crop e) Price procured for each crop f) Amount of by-product produced per ton of the relevant crops

Set of guiding principles for projections Setting Targeted Growth Rate 1. Where Trend Growth Rate is less than Minimum Required growth rate then the Minimum Required growth rate shall be Targetted Growth Rate used for future projections. 2. Where is trend growth rate is > or = Minimum Required Growth Rate then the trend growth rate is the targetted growth rate. 3. Where trend growth rate is less than Minimum Required Growth Rate then the Minimum Required Growth Rate becomes the targetted Growth Rate.

Base value for future projection 1. Last three years Value shall be used as base for future projection values. 2. If the average of three years is less than the value of last year then the last years value shall be taken as the base year for calculating future projection values.

Chapter II

General Information of Ratnagiri District

1 RAIGAD DISTRICT

S S A A T A R H A

D Y I S T A R A I R C A D T B I A R N

S I E A K O

R L H A A P N U R G D E I S T R I C T

SINDHUDURG DISTRICT

Map 2.1 Ratnagiri District

2 Chapter II

General Information of Ratnagiri District

2.1 General Statistics

Table 2.1 General Information of Ratnagiri District

General Population (As per the 2011 Census) Taluka Villages No. of Area Gram Male Female Total S.C. S.T. In- Un-in Revenue (sq. km) Panchayat habitated habitated Villages

Mandangad 109 - 109 42576 54 31412 39181 70593 804 3169 Dapoli 176 - 176 86339 106 88093 105337 193430 3772 10658 Khed 215 - 215 101610 114 91710 102805 194515 3404 2081 Chiplun 165 - 165 63603 130 135062 146019 281081 5369 1827 Guhagar 121 - 121 111613 63 66724 75535 142259 1721 370 Ratnagiri 199 - 199 125117 96 148056 154205 302261 3113 1088 Sangmeshwar 198 - 198 92796 128 98109 116710 214819 2771 408 Lanja 122 - 122 73930 56 51866 61287 113153 1641 215 Rajapur 238 - 238 118849 101 83466 101200 184666 1957 295 Total 1543 0 1543 816433 848 794498 902279 1696777 24552 20111

Source:- District social & economical status 2005-06

Table 2.2. Land Utilization Statistics

Land Utilisation Statistics- (Preceding Three Years Average) District- Ratnagiri Sr. Taluka Geogra Forest Land Cultura Perman Misc. Other Net Sown Area Gross Cropping Culturabl No. phical Area under ble ent Trees & Fallow Area sown Cropped Intensity e Area Area Non- Waste Pasture Groves more Area (%) Agri. than use once

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 Mandangad 42576 123 554 3524 1254 620 741 27276 1840 29116 68.385945 32815 2 Dapoli 86339 0 2154 17304 11649 335 7519 25281 1230 26511 30.705707 62558 3 Khed 101610 3622 2375 29532 1948 528 15559 30397 1355 31752 31.248893 77264 4 Guhagar 63603 0 1559 20420 2616 235 309 18685 9689 28374 44.611103 42965 5 Chiplun 111613 240 3317 20610 2315 233 471 56666 2580 59246 53.08163 82745 6 Sangmeshwar 125117 0 4037 10868 16808 904 17562 39562 3775 43337 34.63718 85079 7 Ratnagiri 92796 0 3155 23344 9790 695 9042 12642 2810 15452 16.65158 52913 8 Lanja 73930 1049 1162 21590 2534 400 14585 13515 2310 15825 21.405383 52390 9 Rajapur 118849 826 2569 68273 1837 616 116 31163 8923 40086 33.728513 102905

Dist- Ratnagiri 816433 5860 20882 215465 50751 4566 65904 255187 34512 289699 35.4835 591634

Map 2.2 Agro-Ecological Situations of Ratnagiri District

4 Table 2.3 Land Use Capability Classification in Ratnagiri District

District Ratnagiri Table 3 : Land Capability Classification Taluka Class- I Class- Class- III Class- Class- Class- Class- Class- Total II IV V VI VII VIII Geograph ical Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 Mandangad 0 141 4218 12836 147 22463 713 0 40518 Dapoli 0 337 15094 33644 65 35454 2158 6254 93006 Khed 0 48 8526 33407 285 37940 1980 0 82186 Guhagar 0 3154 17423 29843 133 44215 3606 1234 99608 Chiplun 0 686 10493 18526 500 26373 2722 253 59553 Sangmeshwar 0 606 12032 27565 428 58133 14674 1658 115096 Ratnagiri 0 162 6999 11282 2174 35731 29760 0 86108 Lanja 0 2183 5468 36699 300 18361 3518 4543 71072 Rajapur 0 3225 6099 31377 1306 41271 22302 10079 115659 Total Area of District 0 10545 86356 235184 5344 319948 81441 24028 762846 Remaining Area 53587 Class-I : Very good cultivable land Class-II :Good Cultivable Land Class-III : Moderately Good Cultivable Land Class-IV : Fairly good land, suited for occasional cultivation Class-V : Nearly level land not suitable for cultivation because of stoniness, wetness, etc.

Table 2.4. Classification of Land Holders in Ratnagiri District Table 4 : Distribution of operational land holdings in Ratnagiri district Sl No. Size of holding Operational holding (No. and area in ha)

Number Per cent Area Percent of of (ha) area holdings holdings 1 Marginal (upto 1.00 ha) 14707 7.85 51046 6.56 2 Small (1.0 to 2.0 ha) 84299 44.99 150924 19.41 3 Medium (2.0 to 4.0 ha) 34761 18.55 134081 17.24 4 Large (4.0 to 5.0 ha) 13929 7.43 62174 7.99 5 Very large (above 5.0 ha) 39694 21.18 379503 48.8 6 Landless (number only) 55500 - - - Total 1,87,390 - 7,77,728 - Source: 1998-99 District socio-economic survey, SREP, ATMA, Ratnagiri

6 Table 7. Soil Fertility Index of Ratnagiri District

Table No 5 Soil Fertility Index District Ratnagiri No of Organic carbon Available Phospphorus Sr. Taluka Soil Medium Very Medium No. Very low low Medium High Very low low Medium High Samples High high High 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 Mandangad 2455 667 577 126 93 225 767 830 864 608 148 5 2 Dapoli 3361 828 653 142 160 319 1259 1221 1100 733 290 11 3 Khed 1949 549 372 82 107 151 688 711 505 491 237 0 4 Guhagar 1287 258 217 47 43 116 606 517 503 230 25 10 5 Chiplun 2756 521 523 217 200 280 1015 1147 929 469 190 17 6 Sangmeshwar 2237 493 418 153 94 184 895 1004 635 438 149 5 7 Ratnagiri 3942 736 763 147 208 324 1764 1667 1129 827 263 48 8 Lanja 1702 358 322 80 103 179 660 658 588 341 112 3 9 Rajapur 2260 293 333 87 153 310 1084 1025 676 471 84 4 Total 21949 4703 4178 1081 1161 2088 8738 8780 6929 4608 1498 103

Available Potash PH Coductivity (E.C ) Sr. Taluka No. Medium Very General Above Very low low Medium High Acidic General Critical Injurious High high Acidic acidic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 Mandangad 6 34 121 271 342 1681 1521 934 0 2446 8 1 2 Dapoli 9 101 224 440 441 2146 1985 1376 0 3336 25 0 3 Khed 8 44 126 268 248 1255 1171 778 0 1931 18 0 4 Guhagar 0 9 56 131 180 911 898 389 0 1274 12 1 5 Chiplun 9 77 176 324 346 1824 1761 994 1 2739 16 1 6 Sangmeshwar 8 33 138 276 298 1484 1395 842 0 2232 5 0 7 Ratnagiri 52 195 328 535 515 2317 2737 1205 0 3852 89 1 8 Lanja 11 44 113 209 239 1086 1263 439 0 1702 0 0 9 Rajapur 6 42 94 251 323 1544 1726 534 0 2250 10 Total 579 1376 2705 2932 14248 14457 7491 1 21762 183 4 Source:- Available from Taluka Agri. Office.

Table 8. Micronutrient Status of Soils in Ratnagiri District

No of Soil Name of the Mangenese Sr. No. Samples Copper (cu ) Iron (Fe ) Zinc (Zn ) Taluka (Mn ) Analysed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 Mandangad 120 120 1 120 2 120 0 120 111 2 Dapoli 123 123 1 123 16 123 0 123 97 3 Khed 16 16 0 16 0 16 0 16 7 4 Guhagar 92 92 2 92 1 92 1 92 83 5 Chiplun 157 157 0 157 3 157 1 157 113 6 Sangmeshwar 108 108 0 108 1 108 0 108 104 7 Ratnagiri 79 79 1 79 7 79 5 79 69 8 Lanja 53 53 0 53 0 53 1 53 35 9 Rajapur 113 110 7 50 2 50 0 113 102 Total 861 858 12 798 32 798 8 861 721

7 2.2. Crops in the District A. Cereals 1. Paddy (Jaya, Ratna, Sahyadri, Ratnagiri 24, Phalguna 2. Nagli, 3. Wari

B. Pulses 1. Toor, 2. Udid, 3.Waal, 4. Pawta, 5. Kulith, 6. Moong, 7. Chavli,

C. Oilseeds 1. Karala, 2. Sesamum, 3. Groundnut

D. Horticulture 1. Mango – Alphonso, 2. Cashew – Vengurla – 4,7,1 and indegenous. 3. Coconut – Banavli, T X D, 4. Sapota, 5. Kokum, 6. Ramphal, 7. Karwanda, 8. Jamun 9. Jackfruit, 10. Arecanut, 11. Banana – Non Descript 5 varieties, Grand 9, Basrai 12. Pinapple

E. Vegetables 1. Lady finger, 2. Green Leaf Vegetables, 3. Brinjal, 4. Chillies, 5. Bottle Gourd, 6. Raddish 7. Red Pumpkin, 8. Snake Gourd, 9. Ridge Gourd, 10. Drum Stick, 11. Watermelon, 12. Musk Melon, 13. Cucumber, 14. Knolcole, 15. Sponge Gourd.

F. Floriculture 1. Gerbera, 2. Carnecium, 3. Anthurium, 4. Lilies, 5. Marigold

Map 2.4 Taluka Wise Cropping Pattern in Rabi Crops in Ratnagiri District

9 G. Spices 1. Pepper, 2 Turmeric - Ordinary, Mango Variety, 3. Nutmeg, 4. All Spices, 5. Clove, 6. Cinnamon

2.3. Breeds in the District Animal Husbandry 1. Cows – Non-Discript, Jersey, Holstein Friesian, Gir. 2. Buffaloes – Non-Descript, Murrah, Mehsana, Surti, Jafrabadi, Pandarpuri 3. Hen – Rhode Island Red, Black Millork, Giriraj, Kadaknat, Aseel, Broiler 4. Goat – Usmanabadi, Non-Descript, Konkan Kanyal.

2.4. Fish Varieties in the District 1. Marine a. Pomfret – Black , Silver, b. Prawn – Tiny, White, Pollen, Tiger, Baby c. Lobster, d. Seer fish, e. Tuna, f. Mackerel, g. Cat Fish, h. Cuttle fish – Octopus, Squid i. Ribbon Fish, j. Dhomak. Bombil, J. Shark i. Musscels - Kalvi, Shindane, Sea Shells 2 Varieties Ordinary, Tasre, j. Sardine k. Eel, l. Pink Pearch, m. Sole fish, n. Croackers, o. Rock Cod, p. Crab – Silla Sereta, Silla Trancunerica, Sea Variety

2. Fresh Water a. Rohu, b. Katla, c. Mrigal, d. Maral, e. Wam, f. Katarana, g. Kolshi, h. Crabs, i. Prawns

3. Ornamental a. Gold Fish, b. Black Mollies, c. Sucker Fish, d. Tiger Bar, e. Guppies, f. Hockey Stick g. Neontetra, h. Discus

Acivities in the District Activities in Ratnagiri District would be stated hereinunder as Agriculture is subsistance, Horticulture, Fisheries and Tourism are Major Growth Drivers in the DIstrict have changed the face of the District, halted Migration and the district now suffers from lack of skilled and unskilled labour in these sectors. These sectors now import labour such as Migrants from UP (for Cashew Seed Collection) and Nepal (for Alphonso Mango Orchards and fisheries)

A. Agriculture Agriculture to date is mainly subsistance in nature. Since Agriculture in the Konkan is mainly rainfed with rainfall being assured Kharif is the major activity in the agricultural calander in the Ratnagiri District. With little area under irrigation, Rabi and Summer Cultivation is limited to those areas under well irrigation and other sources of irrigation. Rice, Nagli and Wari are the major cultivated cereals. With little variation in cropping pattern, lack of value addition and development in the cereals the sector is stagnant in terms of a major sector being a growth driver. Local production is mainly for self consumption and fails to satisfy the needs of the town, taluka head quarters, main rural markets. Cereals and Pulses sold in these markets is i 10

11 Map 2.5 Taluka Wise Cropping Pattern in Kharif Crops in Ratnagiri District

Imported from outside regions. There is crop diversion towards horticulture crops such as Banana for Paddy and Cashew and Alphonso in Nagli growing areas. Table 2.7 Crop Wise Area and Its Percentage of Total Area Sr No Crop Area % of % of Product-ion Productivity Total Season (Metric (In Kgs) Area al Area Tonnes) A Kharip 1 Paddy 78000 69.70% 75.4% 210918 2527 2 Nagli 20478 16.15% 17.4% 25418 1244 3 Other Cereal Crops 7300 6.49% 7.03% 3223 634 4 Oilseeds Total Kharip Crops 103763 92.34% 100% 239559 B Rabi Waal 3767 5.43% 73.84% 1396 500 Tur 500 474 549 Kulith 433 216 500 Udid 283 277 979 Vegetable Cultivation 1060 0.94% 12.84% GroundNut 100 0.09% 1.21% Other Pulse Crops 100 0.09% 1.21% 5010 501 8260 7.35% 100% C Summer Cultivation Paddy 100 0.09% 33.33% Groundnut 200 0.18% 66.67% 380 1909 Total Summer Crops 300 0.27% 100% 112323 100% 100%

B. Horticulture It is the major growth Driver in Ratnagiri District. State Government is implementing Employment Guarantee Scheme since 1990-91 in the district. The area of 1,25,253 ha is covered under this scheme till 2011-12. About 1,49,124 beneficiaries have taken advantage of the scheme. Agriculture department has spent Rs. 12428.56 lakh on the scheme and 109.66 lakes man-days have been generated since its inception. Alphonso Mango:- Alphonso Mango has changed the face of the district. Its exquisite taste and the aroma have left left the world mesmerised. Good Organic Soil Management results in reduced pest and disease attack and superior quality Mango with high sweetness and greater keeping quality. Inferior quality results from unmanaged farms, lack of soil managament and incessant use of Paclobutrozol and excessive use of pesticides and fungicides, Improper harvesting and spongy tissue. Organised Plantations and the Farm Based processing Units have guaranteed men and women farm labourers round the year employment. In fact the sector starves from farm labour shortage. For marketing it is mainly exported to markets in Mumbai, Pune and Western Maharashtra. Progressive Farmers are into Brand Building and Private Market as well. Marketing in

Map 2.6 Taluka Wise Rainfall Zones in Ratnagiri District

13 Local Markets is unorganized. Innovative Farmers have gone in for GLOBALGAP certification. But export to the International Market is only just picking up. Gaps remain in forward linkages in terms of Grading, Packing and Marketing of the produce. Due to lack of crop management the Alphonso Mango suffers from Glut often. Huge quantities of the produce are also exported and processed locally for Canning Purposes. Local Processors also go for value addition such as Slices made from Pulp, Mango Sweets etc. Two ISO certified units are located at Pawas and a Aseptic Units also functions from MIDC, Ratnagiri. A Majority of the small and medium farms are under lease with traders. Such plantations suffer from lack of soil management and the incessant Use of Paclobutrozol for reaping sustained produce. Traders in APMC markets of Mumbai, Pune and Western Maharashtra finance such lease traders. Ratnagiri, Rajapur, Guhagar, Dapoli are major Alphonso Pockets. Plantations are found on hill slopes and on laterite soil after blasting the same to create craters and filling the same with imported soil to plant. Cashew:- A poor farmers crop it is a major crop in Lanja, Sangmeshwar, Chiplun, Khed, Mandangad and all those areas beyond 15 kilometers from the sea coast. Vengurla varieties give good seed count and also produce. Cashew grown locally gives good outturn epecially the vengrula varieties. Low capacity of farmers and small local processors to hold produce results in exprort of raw material to southern states of Karnataka and Goa. Organised Plantations are better managed with fences and compounds, irrigation and use of organic material such as vermicompost and other compost to maintain soil fertility. Cashew apple which is major part of Cashew Produce is perishable goes waste unlike in Goa where it is used to extract Alcohol. Both the above sectors suffer from lack of cooperation. Coconut:-Crop suffers from dense plantation and lack of management. But the coconut grown in the Konkans is exquisite in taste and sweetness. There is a major gap in demand and supply since the districts is a high coconut consuming area. As such there is no processing into healthy, dried coconut, Cold Pressed Coconut oil and all coconut based processed products are imported from outside regions and states. Tendeer Coconut is still highly unavailable in the markets except at tourist places. Weaving of the coconut leaf was traditionally a major activity the coatal belt used for various purposes from walls for house construction to roof tops for boats. But the industry is going down. Skining of the leaflets of the coconut leaf to make brooms is carried out in some quantity. The sap extracted from Coconut palms is medicinal in nature and sweet, when brewed in Maddy is a savoured Beverage akin to Beer. The Maddy fro Guhagar Taluka is a distnct brand in itself in Mumbai. Kokum:- health benefits are acknowledged but no organised Plantations have developed. As such procurement of raw material for processors and Kokam Juice makers is an issue. Arecanut:- Mainly concentrated in the seacoasts especially Ratnagiri, Guhagar, Dapoli & Mandangad. Local Procurement and sold in local market. Since the district is a heavy consumer of bettle leaf. Demand outstrips supply. It is also a intercrop in Coconut Plantation. Jackfruit:- Two Varieties of good quality jack fruit suffers since its harvesting collides with the Alphonso. Exported to Mumbai , Pune and Western Maharashtra. Processed Products such as Slices from Jackfruit Pulp and Fried Chipps in Coconut Oil are a delicacy. No Organised Plantation due to marketing limitations. But maintained in compounds for its timber utility in house construction. Sapota: -Sapota is a minor crop but is rich in taste and has a good price in the local market. 14

Table 2.8 Crop wise details up to the year 2011-12 in Ratnagiri district

Total area Productive Production in Sr. No. Crop (ha) area (ha) M.Tonnes 1 Mango 65109 58832 117664 2 Cashew 91030 79163 1187445 3 Sapota 123 92 92 4 Coconut 5165 4708 529 5 Kokam 157 96 96 5 Jack Fruit 113 78 468 6 Arecanut 961 764 764 Total 162658 143733 1307058

Availability of grafts and support services:- There are 7 Government nurseries, 5 nursery of Agriculture University and 91 private licensed nurseries in the district.

Table 2.9 Total number of grafts & seedling available for the year 2011-12 Available planting material Sr. No. Crop Govt University Private Total 1 Mango 80,000 1,50,000 5,00,000 7,30,000 2 Cashew 1,00,000 2,50,000 5,00,000 8,50,000 3 Sapota 75,000 25,000 30,000 1,30,000 4 Coconut 16,850 30,000 15,000 61850 5 Kokam 1,000 1,000 - 2,000 6 Jack Fruit - - - - 7 Arecanut 23,250 10,000 - 33,250 Total 3,13,500 4,26,000 10,70,000 18, 09,500

C. Vegetables:- Vegetable Cultivation is a backward area with most vegetable demand being met by imports from neighboring districts. Kitchen Gardens cultivate leafy vegetables, lady finger, gourds, cluster beans, cucumber for mainly home consumption a small surplus of which comes to the market seasonally as the end of monsoon approaches. Considering the vast demand and potential farmers who have irrigation facilities in vicinity to the town or weekly bazaar locations are going for vegetable cultivation on small scale. Yet there is a wide gap in demand and local supply. Due to heavy rainfall there are limitations to cultivating vegetables except cucumber, ladies finger and guord varieties in the monsoon.

D. Floriculture:- Use of flowers in various functions is of recent origin since the inception of the National Horticulture Mission. It has created demand for flowers. Area under open floriculture along with green houses produce Rose, Marigold and Jarbera new introductions i.e. gladiolus, aster, gerbera, carnations etc. is, therefore, increasing. Total area under floriculture is 80 hectares. Green Houses are mainly concentrated in the Chiplun, Ratnagiri, Guhagar and Dapoli Areas, . The sector offers tremendous scope for employment and entrepreneurship. Group consolidation and Marketing are issues to be addressed.

15 E. Spices:- Pepper is the major crop grown in this category. Along with pepper nutmeg and cinnamon, turmeric are taken in the district. Pepper, Nutmeg and Cinnamon are mainly cultivated as mixed crops in the Coconut Plantations. About 200 ha area is under spices crops. Cropwise area and production is as under-

Table 2.10 Crop-wise area, production and productivity of spices in Ratnagiri District (Year = 2011-12) Sr. Spices Crop Area Productive Productivity No. (ha) Area (ha) (Mt) 1 Pepper 97.00 82.00 7.38 2 Cardamom 94.00 68.00 0.06 3 Nutmeg 69.00 49.00 0.03 4 Cinnamon N.A. N.A. N.A. 5 All Spice N.A. N.A. N.A. Total 260.00 137.00 7.47

F. Medicinal & Aromatic Plants:- Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants is started for the last 5 years in the district. The cultivation of safed-musli, ashwagandha, citronella, lemon grass, kawach, have been undertaken on a pilot basis. G. Food Processing:- The regions curns out the largest variety of processed foods based on fruits. Small processing units dot the entire region from Pulp to Pickles to Papads. Only that processing is small scale affecting the marketing ability and capacity to generate economic wealth is thereby limited. There is a tremendous paucity of trained personnel in the food processing sector. Agricutural Collecges are now offerring cources in food processing.

The information on agro processing facilities available in and outside the district but serving the need of the district is given below-

Table 2.11 Agro-processing facilities in Ratnagiri district No. Commodity processing functioning Commodities processed units units 1. Fruits 2127 1997 Mango, cashew, kokam 2. Fish 3 3 Fish, Prawns 3. Bakery 14 14 Flour 4. Flour product 5 5 Papad, coconut etc. 5. Milk products 5 5 Milk 6. Rice mill 19 19 Paddy

There are 2127 fruit processing units of mango, cashew, kokam etc. in the district for preparation of pulp, syrup, poli, jam, jelly etc. There are also 19 rice mills, three fish processing units existing in the district.

Storage facilities : The storage facilities available in the district are mainly provided by the District Collector at each block (tahsil) i.e. nine storages for grain. There are four cold storages available in the district for the perishable products such as milk and milk products. The information regarding availability of storage facilities in the district in given in Table 2.12.

16 Table 2.12 : Storage facilities available in the district Sr Name of Location of Commodities Capacity No agency storage Installed Functioning facilities 1. Maharashtra Ratnagiri Grains 1 Big 1 Warehousing capacity Corporation 5000 ton 2. Collector Block H.Q Grains 20 medium 9 capacity 2800 ton 3. Cold storage Ratnagiri, Milk 4 4 Chiplun, Lanja, Sangameshwar

Note : Small storages 12 Capacity 1200 tons Medium Storage 8 Capacity 2800 tons Big Storage 1 Capacity 5000 tons

M. Farmers Groups and Organizations : There are ______farmers groups and organizations prevailing in the district. These groups and organizations are mainly related with agriculture and water supply. The groups for agriculture are mainly performing the activity regarding supply of agricultural inputs to the farmers, fruit processing of cashewnut and processing and marketing of cashewnut seed and supply of irrigation water through the lift irrigation schemes. There are seven co-operative societies existing in Ratnagiri tahsil, three in Lanja, four in Rajapur and two in Khed tahsil of Ratnagiri district.

In addition to the co-operative societies for agriculture and water supply, 39 co-operative fishermen’s societies, 214 co-operative dairy societies, one milk federation and 14 non government organizations are prevailing in the district.

Organizations :

1. NGOs : There are 18 NGOs working for the farming community at grass root level. These NGOs undertake watershed development projects, health services, Technology transfer, educating and training villagers, organizing women and forming SHG etc. But their presence in the Agriculture and allied sectors is weak.

2. Self Help Groups (SHG) : There are 6031 Women’s Self Help Groups in Ratnagiri District formed on the initiative of the DRDA, Zilla Parishad and Taluka Level Panchayat Samitis through the Gram Panchayats and the Non- Governmental NGOs. These SHGs mainly comprise of women. They have a revolving fund for their emergency needs. Although the aim is to make the women self reliant and entreprenueral through the SHGs there is a basic lack of perception amongst the NGOs that the women are agriculturists and already into allied activities and that the agriculture and allied sector are the sectors through which there capacity building and group based economic should be the point of focus.

3. Mumbai based Ratnagiri Gram Vikas Mandals : Their basic work comprises of financial support to the village mandals for building temples, drinking water schemes, village roads etc. Now a days they even market the mango fruits from their villages at Mumbai. They need to be organised

17 in a proper way for further marketing of not only mango but also of other horticultural cops, spices, medicinal plants, ornamental fishes etc. in a systematic manner.

4. Mahila Mandals : These are totally women organisations which occasionally undertake cultural programmes such as Haldi-Kumkum etc. and are non functional for rest of the year. These mandals can be used to bring the women folk forward in the groups already formed by them and utilize them for various enterprises suited to them.

5. Yuva Mandals : These are organisations formed by youngsters for sports, cultural and other allied activities. Thus, all these organisations can be utilized in an integrated manner for the marketing of the agricultural products, co-operative production, post harvest technology etc.

N. Agricultural Research Activity and Training Institutes: Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli (the erstwhile Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth) was established on 18th May, 1972 to cater the needs of teaching, research and extension education in agriculture and allied sectors in the Konkan region. The jurisdiction of the University extends over five districts namely Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg and Greater Mumbai. At present, , In the recent past private Agricutural colleges have come up in Devrukh, Savarda (Taluka Sangameshwar) and Nivli Palwan (Taluka Chiplun)

O. Animal Husbandry Table 2.13 Livestock in Ratnagiri district (as per Livestock Census 2003)

Sr. No. Type of Animal Number 1 Cow class Cross Bred 25573

Cow class Indigenous 455553 2 Buffalo class 61431 3 Goat 38498 4 Sheep 30

5 Total Poultry 1068615

Rearing of local cows and buffaloes for milk and milk products is secondary occupation to agriculture. Good quality buffaloes are reared around viscinity of towns . In villages animals are mostly reared in let loose condition and these animals wander all over for search of food. These creates problem for successful Artificial insemination programme as well as acheiving 100 % vaccination target. Lack of irrigation facilities prevents proper fodder development.

Animal Health Care: In order to take preventive measures against epidemic diseases of livestock, the Department provides veterinary services. Details of veterinary infrastructure available as on 31st march 2007 are given in the table below-

Table 2.14 Veterinary facility center as on 31st march, 2008 Sr. No. Category Number 1 District veterinary polyclinic 1 2 Taluka mini veterinary policlinic 4 3 Veterinary dispensaries grade 1 21 4 Grade 2 dispensaries 126 5 Mobile veterinary clinic 2 6 Regional Disease Diagnostic Laboratory 1 Total 155 18 P. Dairy Dairy is the major activity under animal husbandry department. Average requirement of milk according to NDDB’s norms, per capita liquid milk + dairy products is 250 ml. Considering a consumption of 120 ml of milk per person daily the consumption stands at 2,23,970 litres. The supply in the district falls short by 30 to 35 %. This shortage if fulfilled by Milk Federations from Outside the district who market between 80-90 Thousand litres of milk every day. Fig :2.15a Structure of Dairy Farming in Ratnagiri District Sr Scheme Milk Talukas Facilities Collection No. Handling Routes Capacity 1 MIDC Mirjole, 20,000 Ratnagiri, Lanja, Processing- 6 Ratnagiri Sangmeshwar, Plastic Bag Rajapur Packing 2 Chiplun, MIDC 40,000 Mandangad, Processing- 7 Mirjole, Khed, Dapoli, Plastic Bag Chiplun, Guhagar Packing 3 Lanja 5,000 Lanja, Rajapur Cooling Milk 3 4 Sadavli, 5,000 Sangmeshwar Cooling Milk 2 Taluka Sangmeshwar,

According to the District Socio-Economic Survey 2005-06 daily collection of the government dairies was 7726 litres of milk per day. There are 207 milk cooperatives with 24638 members. Q. Fisheries The fisheries sector plays an important role in the development of the district economy. Ratnagiri District has long coastline of 167 km. covering 104 villages having continental shelf of 6600 square km. However, fishing activity is being carried out only in 2910 square km. i.e. upto 80 meters deep water due to non availability of big vessels. The balance area of 3690 square km. i.e.80 to 200 meter deep water remain inoperative. Fishing is major activity in the coastal blocks of Ratnagiri with fishermen population of 67615. the population of active fishermen is 25286 as per latest census. According to the District Socio Economic Survey, Annual production was 100000 tones and a financial turnover of fishing activity amounted to Rs 235 crore in the district The details regarding block/village coverage at the coastline is as under :-

Block/Village coverage at the Ratnagiri District coastline Block Coastline in Kms. Villages Landing centers Mandangad 20 5 1 Dapoli 35 15 13 Guhagar 38 19 14 Ratnagiri 56 40 19 Rajapur 18 17 3 Total 167 96 50

Annual average capture of fish during the previous six years are as under

Fisheries Production in Ratnagiri for the period 2007-08 to 2011-12

Sr.No. Year Capture in M. Tonnes 1 2006-2007 1,09,055 2 2007-2008 85,099 3 2008-2009 72,317

19 4 2009-2010 75,122 5 2010-2011 95,590 6 2011-2012 88,438

R. Infrastructure facilities 1. Electricity:- Out of 1519 villages, 1515 villages (99.37%) were electrified. The total electricity consumption in the district was 454830 thousand-kilowatt hours. Out of this, 27.75 % was used for domestic purpose, 10.53 % for commercial purpose, 58.79 % for industries, 1.60 % for agriculture and 1.33 % for public street lights and other uses. There was increase in electricity consumption in 1997-98 over the previous year by14.29 %. 2. Transport and Communication:- In Ratnagiri district, there are three modes of transport i.e. road, railway and sea. However, most of the transport is by road, followed by railway and very limited by sea. The main Mumbai-Goa National highway (NH 17) passes through this district. The total road length in the district is 5364 km, of which 2584 km is pucca in all weather and 2780 km is kaccha. The road length per 100 sq. km area comes to 31 km. Considering kaccha road, this ratio comes to 65 km. In case of railway, total broad guage length in Ratnagiri district is 176 km. The passenger transport - Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (S.T. Bus) and Konkan Railway. There are 1005 routes in the district on which S.T. buses run. Regarding communication, 1519 villages have post and telegraph services available through 639 Post Offices and 152 Telegraph Offices. On an average one lakh population is served by 42 Post Offices. In addition, there are 23,884 telephones working in the district. The telecommunication facility is expanding very fast in the district.

3. Co-operatives In the year 2012-13, there were 2759 co-operative institutions with 11,68,600 members. Out of the total co-operatives, 376 were primary agricultural credit societies. The total non-agricultural credit societies were 327 and remaining 2187 were non-credit societies.

4. Agricultural Credit : There are 376 primary agricultural credit societies in the district with a membership of 3,23,081. The number of borrowers was 53,620 who borrowed 3,43,003 lakh of short term, medium term and long term loan. The proportion of borrower is quite low with average amount of Rs. 6396 per borrower.

5. Banks :- There is a District Central Co-operative Bank and Urban Co-operative Banks( 75 branches) in the district. There are 14 other banks in the district with 103 branches. The Bank of India is the Lead Bank of the district.

6. Regulated Markets :- There is one regulated market at Ratnagiri, but now it is not functioning as there is no marketable surplus of rice and nagli, which are the important cereal crops. Ratnagiri district is deficit in foodgrain production. Mango is a commercial crop sold in important city markets like Mumbai, Pune, etc. by the cultivator and pre harvest contractors through commission agents. Local sale is unregulated due to lack of phsical infrastructure. Therefore, the market has not been in working condition.

20 7. Soil Testing Laboratory : There is one soil testing laboratory in the district. Water testing and NPK analysis as well as micronutrient analysis facilities are available in the laboratory. The laboratory has prepared village wise fertility index of the district. 8. Milk Processing and Chilling Plants in Dairy Sector

There are no Milk Processing Plants in the district as a result all milk collected through Government Procurement lines is sent to plants at Miraj for Processing and marketing.

III. 5 Details of financial Institution Banks / Cooperatives

Sr. No. Cooperation 1 Cooperative societies 2537 2 Agri. Primary Co-op Credit Soc. 383 3 Members of Agri. Primary Co-op Credit Soc 125636 4 Dairy Co-op Soc. 220 5 No. of kisan credit card holders 56,931 6 No. of commercial banks 112 7 No. of rural commercial banks 72 8 No. of semi urban commercial banks 40 9 Agricultural Financial Assistance from (in Lakh Rs) -Agri. Co-op Banks 3183 -Nationalized Banks (in crores) 10,300

As per district credit plan mentioned in Potential Linked Plan of NABARD for the year 2007- 08, the total outlay for the district is Rs. 47065.52 lakh of which total agriculture credit is Rs. 36742.35 lakh, short term credit is 28718.19 lakh and term loan for agriculture & allied activities accounted for Rs. 8024.16 lakh.

Map 2.8 :- Maharashtra State showing Konkan Strip with Location of Ratnagiri District

23 District at a Glance 2.2.1 Location and Geographical Units Ratnagiri district is one of the coastal districts of Konkan region in Maharashtra State, which forms a narrow strip running from north to south along the western coast of India. The district has north- south length of about 180 km and average east-west extension of about 64 km, except in its extremities, which tapers to join the coast line.

District has a geopraphical area of 816433 square kilometres divided into nine talukas, 1543 revenue villages and 848 Gram Panchayats with no uninhabited villages in the district.

Table :2.21 Geographical area and Administrative Setup

Sr. No. District Information 1 Geographical area ( sq. Km) 8,326 2 No. of Talukas 9 3 No.of Panchayat Samities 9 4 Total villages 1,543 5 No. of villages ( inhabited) 1,543 6 No. of villages (Unhabituated) - 7 No. of villages ( electrified) 1,538 8 No. of villages connected by roads 1,429 9 Towns 10 10 Municipal Council + Corporation 4 11 Gram Panchayat ( includes Block G.P.) 848 12 Police stations 13 13 Police out-posts 29 (2001 Census)

The district has 10 town and several taluka headquarters which are inching their way towards urbanization. A high number of villages are connected by roads and virtually all villages except 5 are to be electrified. Boundaries : Ratnagiri district is surrounded by Sahyadri hills in the east beyond which there are Satara and Kolhapur districts, Raigad district in the north, the Arabian sea in the west and Sindhudurg district in the south.

Population Density As per the 2001 census, total land area of the district was 2.71 % of the state while the population of the district was 1.75 % of the state. In comparison population density of the district was 207 per square kilometre in comparison to the state population density of 315. Ratnagiri taluka had the highest population density of 267 per sq km while Lanja taluka had the lowest density of 140 persons per sq km.

Percentage of Rural and Urban Population 88.67 percent population lives in the rural areas while 11.33 percent population lives in the urban areas. While Mandangad and Sangmeshwar talukas are entirely rural the urban population Dapoli – 8.20%, Khed – 7.10 %, Chiplun – 20.25%, Guhagar – 2.25 %, Ratnagiri – 26.34 %, Lanja –

1 2.2.3 Topography and Agro Climatic Characteristics

Considering the physical features, Ratnagiri district can be divided into three parts i.Coastal plains where the coconut and arecanut crops thrive well. ii. Plateau surface which is used for cereal crops like rice and nagli. iii. Hilly area of Sahyadri and its offshoots

Table2.23 : Sub-regionwise blocks of district

Sr. No. Coastal zone Plateau zone Hilly zone 1. Mandangad (W) Dapoli (E) Mandangad (E) 2. Dapoli (W) Khed (W) Khed (E) 3. Guhagar (W) Guhagar (E) Chiplun (E) 4. Ratnagiri (W) Ratnagiri (E) Sangmeshwar (E) 5. Rajapur (W) Chiplun (E), Sangmeshwar (E), Lanja (W) Lanja (E)

NOTE : E = East W = West

Over 85 per cent of the land surface in Ratnagiri district is hilly. All rivers in the district originate in the Sahyadri ranges and flow from the east to west and merge with the Arabian sea. The important rivers of the district are Vashisthi, Jagabudi Bay and Naringi. Climatic conditions in the district are strongly influenced by its geographical conditions. Being a coastal district, variation in the temperature during the day and throughout the season is not large. Maximum temperature at the coast rarely goes above 38 0C and in the interior, it seldom crosses 40 0C owing to proximity to the sea. Climate of the district is very humid and relative humidity seldom goes below 50 per cent. Total rainfall and its monthwise distribution is an important factor affecting crop production and land use intensity. The average annual rainfall in the district is 3787 mm. Nearly 91 per cent of rainfall is received in four months i.e. June to September. Therefore, crop production is concentrated only in kharif season and there is very little cropping in rabi or hot weather season. Since, the rainfall is very high and assured one, the kharif season crop is assured one. The concentration of rainfall during four months coupled with lateritic soils has imposed restrictions on availability of irrigation facilities and also drinking water in summer season. There are some post monsoon rains in October and November, which enable to grow some rabi pulses and vegetables after harvest of kharif rice on residual moisture. Rajapur (4616 mm) and Sangmeshwar (4785 mm) are the high rainfall receiving tahsils in Ratnagiri district.

2 Land Use pattern and Land holdings a. Land Use Pattern

Land utilization pattern of a district explains the use of land resources in the district for various purposes. Table 2.258 indicates the land utilization statistics of Ratnagiri District which is the average of the last three years.

Of the total geographical area (816433 ha) of the district, total cultivable area is 72.46 % (591634 ha). However, only 35.48% of the area is under cultivation (289699 ha), 2.56 % is put to non agricultural uses (20,882 ha) and 26.39 % is culturable waste land (215465 ha) and 8% is fallow (65,904). There, therefore, is wide scope to bring the cultivable waste under horticulture as well as fallow land under cultivation in the district.

1. Forest area: At the district level total area under classified forest is only 5860 ha (or 0.71%) of total geographical area of district. At taluka level there is no classified area under forest in talukas of Dapoli, Guhagar, Sangameshwar and Ratnagiri. Area of classified forest and its percentage is highest 3.56% (3622 ha) in Khed Taluka while only one other taluka has more than 1% area under classified forest while the area of the remaining three talukas is far lesser than 1%.

But there are substantial private lands with unclassified forests on them. While these forest are cleared in the coastal talukas areas when they have to be brought under horticultural plantations. There is rampant deforestation in talukas bordering the Sahyadri Range since the demand for fuelwood from agriculturally developed region of western Maharashtra is strong and the monetary incomes of a large number of resource poor farmers is low. Such cleared lands are either brought under horticulture plantations and if the land titles are complicated there is sale of lands to the resource rich sections of society.

2. Culturable Waste:- a considerable portion of total geographical area totalling 26.4% of land area a major portion of which is Katal. Such lands can only be brought under horticulture plantations. If cultivated scientifically all produces on such lands have been found to be superior in taste and aroma.

3. Net and Grossed Cropped Area:- At the district level the net sown area is 255187 hectares forming about 31.2% of the district geographical area. Proportion of net sown area to total geographical area is shown in table 2.25 below. The highest percentage of net sown area to total geographcal area is in (64.06%) Mandangad taluka. While it is lowest (13.62) in Ratnagiri taluka. As can be seen the NATURAL AVAILABILITY of Area available for Agriculture activities is abmysally low in comparison to other districts and Maharashtra State whose net sown area was 58.33% in 1991 (source: Agriculture Census : 2000-01, GOM)

3 Taluka wise % of net sown area to total geographical area in Ratnagiri District

70.00 64.06 60.00 50.77 50.00 40.00 31.62 29.28 29.92 29.38 26.22 30.00 13.62 18.28 20.00 10.00 0.00

Dapoli Khed Lanja Chiplun Guhagar Ratnagiri Rajapur Mandangad Sangmeshwar

Taluka-wise % Of Net Sown Area To Total Geographical Area Of Ratnagiri District.

4. Land Under Non-Agricultural Use:-Non-agricultural use is 2.55% of the total Geographical area. But with increasing levels of urbanization, mass land acquisition for mega industrial projects and large areas notified for proposed mining activities, ancilliary and service industries which would crop up as a result the percentage is bound to go up considerably.

4 Table2.25:Land Utilization on pattern in Ratnagiri district

Land Area Geogra under Cultura Perman Misc. sown Gross Cropping Sr. Forest Other Net Sown Cultivable Taluka phical Non- ble ent Trees & more Cropped Intensity No. Area Fallow Area Area Area Agri. Waste Pasture Groves than Area (%) use once 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 Mandangad 42576 123 554 3524 1254 620 741 27276 1840 29116 106.75 32815 2 Dapoli 86339 0 2154 17304 11649 335 7519 25281 1230 26511 104.87 62558 3 Khed 101610 3622 2375 29532 1948 528 15559 30397 1355 31752 104.46 77264 4 Guhagar 63603 0 1559 20420 2616 235 309 18685 9689 28374 151.85 42965 5 Chiplun 111613 240 3317 20610 2315 233 471 56666 2580 59246 104.55 82745 6 Sangmeshwar 125117 0 4037 10868 16808 904 17562 39562 3775 43337 109.54 85079 7 Ratnagiri 92796 0 3155 23344 9790 695 9042 12642 2810 15452 122.23 52913 8 Lanja 73930 1049 1162 21590 2534 400 14585 13515 2310 15825 117.09 52390 9 Rajapur 118849 826 2569 68273 1837 616 116 31163 8923 40086 128.63 102905

Dist- Ratnagiri 816433 5860 20882 215465 50751 4566 65904 255187 34512 289699 113.52 591634

5 b. Classification of Land:

Land Use Capability Classification in Ratnagiri District Class- VIII 3% Class- VII Class- II Class- III Class- II 11% 1% 11% Class- III Class- IV Class- V Class- IV Class- VI 31% Class- VI Class- VII 42% Class- V Class- VIII 1%

Figure 2.6 Land Use Capability Classification In Ratnagiri District

Note: District has no land under class I (Very Good Cultivable Land) Further considering classification of land holdings, of total geographical area (8,16,433 hectares), There is no land ‘Very good cultivable land’ in the district, while lands under Class –II are an abmyssal 1.29 % (10545 hectares), Moderately good cultivable lands form a low 10.57% (86,356 hectares). 28.8% (2,35,184 hectares) is faily good land suited for occasional cultivation. More than half of all lands are non cultivable for agriculture. This puts severe constraints on planning by way of expansion, improving productivity and production in Crop Husbandry. Wherein only horticulture by way of Cashew and Mango in Class-VI and Mango in Laterite Soil has been possible. As such production and productivity in agriculture and horticulture can only be increased by improving soil fertility and conserving water and soil.

Soils:- Predominant soils in the district are lateritic which vary in colour from bright red to brownish red, owing to the preponderance of hydrated iron oxides. They are always acidic and fairly well supplied with nitrogen and organic matter. They are porous, non-retentive of moisture and are

found all over the district except in Mandangad tahsil. The main grades are : a) Soils useful for cultivation of rice crops. b) Coastal alluvial, useful for coconut and arecanut gardens c) Varkas soils, useful for mango and cashewnut cultivation d) Saline lands locally called khar land or khajan, where salt tolerant rice varieties can be grown.

7 Table 2.26 Land Use Capability Classification in Ratnagiri District

Total Taluka Class- 1 Class- II Class- III Class- IV Class- V Class- VI Class- VII Class- VIII Geographical Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 Mandangad 0 141 4218 12836 147 22463 713 0 40518 Dapoli 0 337 15094 33644 65 35454 2158 6254 93006 Khed 0 48 8526 33407 285 37940 1980 0 82186 Guhagar 0 3154 17423 29843 133 44215 3606 1234 99608 Chiplun 0 686 10493 18526 500 26373 2722 253 59553 Sangmeshwar 0 606 12032 27565 428 58133 14674 1658 115096 Ratnagiri 0 162 6999 11282 2174 35731 29760 0 86108 Lanja 0 2183 5468 36699 300 18361 3518 4543 71072 Rajapur 0 3225 6099 31377 1306 41271 22302 10079 115659 Total Area of 0 10545 86356 235184 5344 319948 81441 24028 762846 District Remaining Area 53587 Class-I : Very good cultivable land Class-II :Good Cultivable Land Class-III : Moderately Good Cultivable Land Class-IV : Fairly good land, suited for occasional cultivation Class-V : Nearly level land not suitable for cultivation because of stoniness, wetness, etc. Class-VI : Steep slopes, highly erosion prone with shallow soils

Class-VII : Steep slope with sever soil erosion resulting in eroded stony and rough soil surfaces with shallow soil depth Class-VIII :

8 Table 2.27 : Classification of soils in Ratnagiri district (in ha )

Sl. Block Red / Alluvial Saline Sodic Soils Alkaline No. lateritic Soils soils Soils 1. Mandangad 42712.58 - 99.42 - - 2. Dapoli 86112.16 91.17 151.67 - - 3. Khed 101179.98 816.68 65.34 - - 4. Chiplun 78387.47 1615.73 30640.80 - - 5. Guhagar 51174.40 4724.18 7724.42 - - 6. Sangmeshwar 99453.46 153.04 25111.90 199.60 - 7. Ratnagiri 79932.22 1097.85 10567.22 283.83 393.88 8. Lanja 59287.32 - 10975.69 2986.82 664.17 9. Rajapur 95852.01 1082.62 21149.02 1294.12 133.23 Total 694091.60 9616.27 106485.4 4764.37 1191.28

Classification of soils in Ratnagiri district

1% Red or lateritic Soils 13% Alluvial Soils Saline soils 1% Sodic Soils 85% Alkaline Soils 0%

Figure 2.7 Classification Of Soils In Ratnagiri District

9 Figure 2.8:- Soil Fertility Index of Soils Analysed in Ratnagiri District

Figure 2.09 :- % wise Classification of Availability of Organic Carbon

Figure 2.10 :- % wise Classification of Figure 2.11 :- % wise Classification of Availability of Phosphorous Availability of Potash

Table 2.28: Analysis of Soil Samples and Micronutrient Status Percentage of Samples Component/ Fertility Sr No Properties Extremely Ordinarily Extremely Index Low Medium High Low High High 1.91 1 Organic Carbon 21.42% 19.03% 4.92% 5.28% 9.51% 39.81% Ordinarily High 0.98 2 Available Phosphorus 40.00% 31.56% 20.94% 6.82% 0.46% 0.14% Low 2.65 3 Available Potash 0.49% 2.64% 6.26% 12.32% 13.35% 64.91% High

Since 2000-01-2006-07, 21949 soil samples were analysed for ordinary analysis and classified into six categories. The component wise percentage & its fertility index as setout hereinbelow-

10 a. For Organic Carbon Availability in Soil Sample Catgory a high percentage of soil samples fall under the ‘Extremely high’ (39.81%).

b. For Phosphorus Availability in Soil Samples a high percentage of soil samples fall under ‘Extremely Low’ (40.00%) & 32% under low availability.

c. For Potash Availability in Soil Samples a high percentage of soil samples fall under the ‘Extremely High ’ (64.91%).

As such availability of Available Phosphorus in Soil of Ratnagiri District is at critical level and use of Phosphorus based fertilizers have to be used in adequate quantities. Considering Soil Fertility in Ratnagiri District the fertility index of Organic Carbon is Moderately High (1.91), Available Phosphorus is low (0.98) and Aviailable Potash is high (2.65). Considering the application of fertilizers for crops dosage for Nitrogen shall have to be reduced by 10% than the dosage recommended by the university. The dosage for Phosphorus shall have to be increased by 25% over and above the dosage recommended by the university and the dosage for Potash shall have to be reduced by 25% over and above the dosage recommended by the University.

The soil in Ratnagiri District is acidic in nature and the Ph of 65.86 percent of the soils analyzed have been found to be acidic. 34.12 percent of samples have been found to be neutral and no alkaline soils have been found in Ratnagiri district.

As a result of heavy rains in Ratnagiri District salts are washed away and they meet the seas. Considering the soil samples analysed 99.28% of the soil are moderately saline. 0.83% of the soils analysed have salinity at critical level and harmful levels of salinity to crops have been found in 0.01% of the soils.

From the year 2003-04 facilities for testing micronutrients have commissioned at the Soil Testing Laboratory. In the period since then to the year 2006-07, 858 samples have been analysed for availablity of Copper in the soil. In 98.60 percent samples Cooper was found to be sufficiently available. 798 soil samples were analyzed for Iron, Manganese and Zinc availability of the soil of which 95.98 % of the soils were found to contain sufficient quantities of iron and 98.99 % of the soils were sufficient in Manganese. But only 16.26 percent had sufficient quantities of zinc available and 83.74% of the soil samples were defficient in zinc.

11 Table 2.29 Soil Fertility Index of Ratnagiri District

Soil Fertility Index District Ratnagiri No of Organic carbon Available Phospphorus Sr. Taluka Soil Medium Very Medium No. Very low low Medium High Very low low Medium High Samples High high High 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 Mandangad 2455 667 577 126 93 225 767 830 864 608 148 5 2 Dapoli 3361 828 653 142 160 319 1259 1221 1100 733 290 11 3 Khed 1949 549 372 82 107 151 688 711 505 491 237 0 4 Guhagar 1287 258 217 47 43 116 606 517 503 230 25 10 5 Chiplun 2756 521 523 217 200 280 1015 1147 929 469 190 17 6 Sangmeshwar 2237 493 418 153 94 184 895 1004 635 438 149 5 7 Ratnagiri 3942 736 763 147 208 324 1764 1667 1129 827 263 48 8 Lanja 1702 358 322 80 103 179 660 658 588 341 112 3 9 Rajapur 2260 293 333 87 153 310 1084 1025 676 471 84 4 Total 21949 4703 4178 1081 1161 2088 8738 8780 6929 4608 1498 103

2.2.5. Irrigation and Ground water

Irrigation facilities : There is only one medium irrigation project existing in the district, which is situated at Natuwadi in Khed tahsil. All other remaining 17 irrigation projects are of minor type. There are three each minor irrigation projects in Lanja and Sangameshwar tahsil, two each in Rajapur, Guhagar and Dapoli tahsil and five minor irrigation projects in Chiplun tahsil. Irrigation through wells is predominant in the district. Irrigation is predominantly through wells. There are 834 wells in Khed tahsil, 602 in Dapoli, 478 in Ratnagiri, 222 in Rajapur, about 150 each in Chiplun and Guhagar tahsils and less than 100 wells in other tahsils of the district. The Minor Irrigation functions in Ratnagiri District under the following Offices: 1. Kokan Irrigation Circle, Ratnagiri. a. Ratnagiri Irrigation Division (South), Ratnagiri. (Schemes above 250 hectares) b. Irrigation Construction Division, Ratnagiri. 2. Minor Irrigation (Local Section) Division, Ratnagiri (Schemes above 100 to 250 hectares) 3. Minor Irrigation, Kapsal, Chiplun. (Schemes above 250 hectares) 4. Minor Irrigation, Kudal, Oros. (Schemes above 250 hectares) 5. Rural Water Supply Division, Zilla Parishad, Ratnagiri. (Schemes from 0 to 100 hectares)

Micro irrigation To make efficient use of irrigation water and to increase productivity per unit area to bring more area under irrigation, sprinklers and drip irrigation systems are found to be very effective. Micro irrigation scheme of Government of India is being implemented in the Maharashtra State. Under this scheme financial assistance is given to beneficiaries. Progress of micro-irrigation in the district is shown below-

Table 2.30 Progress of micro irrigation in the district is as follows Area Sr. No. Year System No. of Sets Expenditure (ha) Drip 573 720.16 130.60 1 2000-01 Sprinkler 1,205 1200.25 142.57 Drip 518 598.02 49.89 2 2001-02 Sprinkler 328 328.00 24.87 Drip 427 511.06 59.05 3 2002-03 Sprinkler 435 435.00 49.41 Drip 219 257.41 13.55 4 2003-04 Sprinkler 469 468.45 30.61 Drip 124 179.67 9.72 5 2004-05 Sprinkler 526 511.08 31.92 Drip 143 198.87 26.29 6 2005-06 Sprinkler 497 521.33 28.20 Drip 384 271.00 40.99 7 2006-07 Sprinkler 853 491.43 35.06 Drip 655 384.00 98.91 8 2007-08 Sprinkler 1402 853.00 100.04 Drip 3433 3120.84 433.00 Total Sprinkler 5353.00 4808.84 442.68

13 Ground Water

Ratnagiri District has been divided into 20 watershed areas with the aim of providing precise technical data and information to the various funding agencies and organizations implementing minor irrigation projects in the district. Every Water shed area is 25 to 30 square kilometres in area. Based on accepted principles and practices Ground water recharge, withdrawal and remaing ground water has been estimated independently for every watershed area. While the latest survey was done in 2008. As such figures of 2008 have been considered for the purpose of planning potential. As per the 2008 estimates the annual groundwater recharge in 20 watershed areas was 48,909.08 hectare metres, of which 5249.47 hectare metres is withdrawn and 38771.77 hectare metres remains as balance groundwater. The entire region of Ratnagiri district falls in the Western Region Watershed area.

Table 33 Groundwater Classification of Ratnagiri District

Component wise Groundwater Recharge Ratnagiri District (In Hectare Metres)

125.9, 1% 91.4, 0% Rainfall 994.5, 5% Canal 42.8, 0% 132.7, 1% Surface Irrigation

Ground Water Irrigation- 20106.3, 93% Tanks

Conservation Structures

Figure No 2.11 Component Wise Groundwater Recharge Ratnagiri District

From the data given below it is clear that after providing for domestic and industrial consumption until the year 2025 there is ample scope to utilize ground water since 13938.15 hectare metres of net ground water recharge is available for future irrigation. While there are limitation to area expansion the opportunities offered by net groundwater for future irrigation is significant and offers hope for Rabi and Summer Cultivation thereby raising cropping Intensity vital for achievement for the projections as envisaged by the said plan.

14 Table 2.31 Groundwater Classification of Ratnagiri District

TOTAL AREA TOTAL NATURA NET FOR YEAR 2025 NET GW STAGE WATER TABLE TREND CATEGO WATER WS TYPE SUITABLE ANNUAL L ANNUAL GROSS DOME + INDUS AVAIL FOR OF RY OF SR NO SHED AREA OF FOR GW GW DISCHA GW DRAFT FUTURE DEVEL WATERS NO (Hectares AREA RECHARG RECHARGE RGE AVAILABIL (Ham) PRE POST REQUIR- ALLOCA IRRIGATION (%) HED ) E(Hectares) (Ham) (Ham) ITY (Ham) MONSOON MONSOON EMENT TION USE (Ham) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 WF 54 19686 NC 12994 412.88 20.64 392.24 128.5 32.75 RISING RISING SAFE 40 40 233.77 2 WF 55 26906 NC 16178 527.89 26.39 501.5 138.2 7.55 RISING RISING SAFE 92.41 92.41 270.93 3 WF 56 37896 C 404 38.11 1.91 36.21 1.8 84.58 RISING RISING SAFE 105.6 79.33 0 4 WF 56 37896 NC 15824 503.3 25.17 478.14 433.2 5 WF 57 31475 C 364 34.75 1.74 33.01 0.8 28.7 RISING RISING SAFE 129.8 129.8 266.58 6 WF 57 31475 NC 19889 550.49 27.52 522.97 158.8 7 WF 58 47309 NC 2050 85.48 4.27 81.21 7.5 14.37 RISING RISING SAFE 130.6 130.6 687.77 8 WF 58 47309 NC 34073 920.53 46.03 874.51 129.8 9 WF 59 39501 NC 20370 973.44 48.67 924.77 638.2 69.01 RISING RISING SAFE 89.41 89.41 197.2 10 WF 60 35430 C 25689 978.3 48.91 929.38 651.2 70.06 RISING RISING SAFE 107.6 107.6 170.61 11 WF 61 70176 C 824 111.27 5.56 105.71 48.93 9.21 RISING RISING SAFE 181.8 181.8 1632.76 12 WF 61 70176 NC 48427 1992.67 99.63 1893.04 135.2 13 WF 62 50842 NC 34288 973.15 48.66 924.5 231.7 25.06 RISING RISING SAFE 145.8 145.8 546.98 14 WF 63 21914 NC 14429 1886.87 94.34 1792.52 428.8 23.92 RISING RISING SAFE 41 41 1322.69 15 WF 64 32307 C 404 119.1 5.96 113.15 18.88 2.85 RISING RISING SAFE 80.41 80.41 3442.47 16 WF 64 32307 NC 22570 3698.03 184.9 3513.12 84.52 17 WF 65 23834 NC 13094 1992.61 99.63 1892.98 225.5 11.91 RISING RISING SAFE 52.01 52.01 1615.46 18 WF 66 25370 NC 15249 2394.83 119.74 2275.08 607 26.68 RISING RISING SAFE 155 155 1513.11 19 WF 67 44570 C 227 28.92 1.45 27.47 15.19 22.66 RISING RISING SAFE 93.01 93.01 342.08 20 WF 67 44570 NC 18912 563.24 28.16 535.08 112.3 21 WF 68 57096 C 220 86.05 8.6 77.44 1.1 25.36 RISING RISING SAFE 156.8 156.8 721.3 22 WF 68 57096 NC 29707 1156.88 57.84 1099.04 297.3 23 WF 69 51251 C 184 54.72 2.74 51.98 81.94 18.56 RISING RISING SAFE 149.2 149.2 $ 930.31 24 WF 69 51251 NC 36974 1341.3 67.06 1274.23 164.2 25 WF 69 2330 NC 699 30.24 1.51 28.73 0.2 0.7 RISING RISING SAFE 0.4 0.4 28.13 TOTAL 384048 21461.05 1084 20386 4750 1765 1740 13938.15

Source- Annual Ground water Survey Report – 2007-08

15 Table 2.32 Component Wise Recharge of Ground Water in Ratnagiri District Recharge in Hectare metre Form Existing Water Sr. Index Talukas Type of Area in Irriga- Surface Ground Conse- shed Terrain no no included Area Hectare tion Rainfall Canal Irriga- Water Tanks rvation Total no. wells tion Irrigatn Structur Non 1 1471 WF 54 Mandanagad Hardrock 12994.0 86 385.77 0.00 0.00 27.12 0.00 14.00 412.88 Command Mandanagad, Non 2 1472 WF 55 Hardrock 16178.0 81 480.29 0.00 0.00 22.99 0.00 24.61 527.89 Dapoli Command 3 1473 WF 56 Dapoli Command Hardrock 404.0 0 10.41 10.86 10.86 0.00 16.35 0.00 38.11 Non 4 1473 WF 56 Dapoli Hardrock 15824.0 406 407.75 0.00 0.00 95.55 0.00 0.00 503.30 Command 5 1474 WF 57 Dapoli, khed Command Hardrock 364.0 0 11.54 12.59 12.59 0.00 0.00 10.00 34.75 Non 6 1474 WF 57 Dapoli, khed Hardrock 19889.0 75 526.82 0.00 0.00 23.67 0.00 0.00 550.49 Command 7 1475 WF 58 khed Command Hardrock 2050.0 0 54.30 10.59 10.59 0.00 0.00 12.12 85.48 Non 8 1475 WF 58 khed Hardrock 34073.0 57 902.53 0.00 0.00 18.01 0.00 0.00 920.53 Command Non 9 1476 WF 59 Dapoli Hardrock 20370.0 471 809.34 0.00 0.00 148.37 0.00 15.74 973.44 Command Guhagar, Non 10 1477 WF 60 Hardrock 25689.0 475 828.96 0.00 0.00 149.34 0.00 0.00 978.30 Chiplun Command 11 1478 WF 61 Khed, Chiplun Command Hardrock 824.0 24 33.65 52.26 5.59 14.77 0.00 5.00 111.27 Non 12 1478 WF 61 Khed, Chiplun Hardrock 48427.0 53 1977.56 0.00 0.00 15.11 0.00 0.00 1992.67 Command Khed, Chiplun, Non 13 1479 WF 62 Hardrock 34288.0 136 933.46 0.00 0.00 39.70 0.00 0.00 973.15 Sangmeshwar Command Non 14 1480 WF 63 Guhagar Hardrock 14429.0 349 1766.11 0.00 0.00 102.08 6.22 12.46 1886.87 Command Chiplun, 15 1481 WF 64 Command Hardrock 404.0 13 65.99 11.77 1.39 8.00 0.00 31.95 119.10 Sangmeshwar Chiplun, Non 16 1481 WF 64 Hardrock 22570.0 40 3686.67 0.00 0.00 11.35 0.00 0.00 3698.03 Sangameshwar Command Ratnagiri, Non 17 1482 WF 65 Hardrock 13094.0 157 1942.73 0.00 0.00 49.88 0.00 0.00 1992.61 Sangmeshwar Command Non 18 1483 WF 66 Ratnagiri Hardrock 15249.0 421 2262.46 0.00 0.00 132.36 0.00 0.00 2394.83 Command 19 1484 WF 67 Sangmeshwar Command Hardrock 227.0 7 9.00 14.75 0.82 4.36 0.00 0.00 28.92 Non 20 1484 WF 67 Sangmeshwar Hardrock 18912.0 57 545.42 0.00 0.00 17.82 0.00 0.00 563.24 Command Ratnagiri, Lanja 21 1485 WF 68 Command Hardrock 220.0 0 6.80 9.98 0.46 0.00 68.81 0.00 86.05 Sangmeshwar, Ratnagiri, Lanja Non 22 1485 WF 68 Hardrock 29707.0 179 1101.89 0.00 0.00 54.99 0.00 0.00 1156.88 Sangmeshwar, Command Ratnagiri, 23 1486 WF 69 Command Hardrock 184.0 55 7.96 9.93 0.50 36.33 0.00 0.00 54.72 Sangmeshwar Ratnagiri, Non 24 1486 WF 69 Hardrock 36974.0 71 1318.61 0.00 0.00 22.68 0.00 0.00 1341.30 Sangmeshwar Command Non 25 1487 WF 69 Sangmeshwar Hardrock 699.0 0 30.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.24 Command TOTAL 384043.0 3213.0 20106.3 132.7 42.8 994.5 91.4 125.9 21455.1 Source- Annual Ground water Survey Report – 2007-08

16 2.3 Vision Document A joint process of comprehensive development of the Agriculture Sector in Ratnagiri has been put forth by the the National Development Council Resolution of the 29th May 2007. Initiated under chairmanship of the Honorable District Collector the Process identifies the key thrust areas for the rejuvenation of the sector in the State to achieve the objectives set forth by the council. Aims based on which the vision that has been set forth while reaffirming the commitment of the District to achieve 4.4 percent annual growth in agriculture sector during the XI Five Years Plan period, is laid down hereinbelow: 1. Additional production of 152114 metric tonnes of cereals 3190 metric tonnes of pulses; and _____ lakh metric tonnes of oilseeds in the District under the National Food Security Mission would have been achieved. 2. Additional Prodution of Horticulture Produce in terms of fruits, vegetables and spices. And to harnest the potential of the produce in the district for quality production (GAP/Organic Certified) for export to the Domestic/Internaltional market and facilities such as cold chain facility and post harvest infrastructure would have been created and the potential of the existing infrastructure would have been maximised with assistance from the National Horticulture Mission and other applicable sources. 3. Agriculture in Ratnagiri district primarily being rain-fed, watershed development will be the major strategy for increasing the agriculture production and productivity. This will include watershed treatment and various measures for protective irrigation and water recharging including farm ponds; repair of bodies. 4. Another important means of for increasing the agriculture production and productivity is to create Infrastructure for Better Water Availability. Completion of construction of Medium and Minor Irrigation Dams and institution of delivery mechanisms would have brought an additional 4,000 hectares of land under irrigation. 5. An additional 7,000 hectares of land would have been brought under micro irrigation to improve water use efficiency to increase production and productivity. 6. Processing of agriculture and horticulture produce such as rice mills, processing of pulses fruit processing, would have value added the same and provided agriculture allied additional income and employment to large sections of rural population especially women. 7. Efforts would have been taken to utilize resources available from all existing schemes such as Backward Region Grant Funds, National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme, and livestock and fishing would have been integrated with minor irrigation projects, rural development works and with the other schemes for water harvesting and conservation. Efforts if possible would also be made to include schemes for beneficiaries of land reforms. 8. Steps to initiate infrastructure strategically to improve marketing infrastructure at Taluka level would have been completed or would be substancially under progress. 9. Strengthening would have taken place of agriculture extension in the State by expediting implementation of the ATMA programme with focus on demonstration, training and involvement of farmers groups; strengthening technical expertise at 17 district and taluka levels; improvement would have taken place in research-extension- farmer linkages through the State Agriculture Universities and the KVSs; promotion public-partnership in extension. 10. Priority would have been given to seed production and make would have been made to bridge the gap between seed requirement and seed production / availability in the District. Further, particular focus will be on paddy, nagli and pulse such as toor, pawta, kulith, khesari, cowpea, moth peas and gram and oilseeds like groundnut and sunflower through programs such as Gram Beejotpadan and participation of the private sector for whom benefits would have been availed under Central Sector Scheme of "Assistance for boosting of seed production in private sector "with the assistance from National seeds Corporation. 11. Testing of soil samples would have been conducted in 1525 villages. 12. Would have been initiated under the State organic Farming policy to promote use of bio-fertilizers, organic manures and micro-nutrient to enhance soil health; to provide a further, boost to creation of organic sites in all talukas of the State in association with NGOs/ co-operatives and others and bring 1,000 hectares under Organic Certification. 2.4 Development Vision and Strategy Preamble

The Comprehensive Development of Agricultural Plan (CDAP) is to achieve an overall growth rate of 4.5 per cent in the agriculture sector during XI Plan period. To achieve this objective the CDAP has followed an integrated and holistic approach by involving all the concerned stakeholders like farmers, institutions like panchayat raj institutions, non-governmental and voluntary agencies, Agricultural Scientists, academicians and all the concerned line departments at the district and below. This participatory approach aims to fulfill the stated objectives of CDAP.

Reasons for Backwardness The important reasons for backwardness of agriculture are:  Degradation of soil fertility.  Poor soil and water management  Inadequate agro processing units, post harvest and export facilties.  Inadequate green fodder, local breeds and veterinary aids.  Migration of labour to towns and cities.

Vision Statement The CDAP is prepared keeping in view the objectives and goals of the NADP/RKVY of Government of India and Planning Commission.. The CDAP is not only to achieve the 4.5 per cent growth rate in XI plan period but also to mitigate the poverty, unemployment, vulnerability and more importantly sustainable agriculture productivity.

Portrayal of the Vision In order to stabilize the farmer’s income it is necessary to promote the allied agriculture activities, make provisions to provide assistance to varied sericulture activities. Poultry production in the district are planned to be pushed up through promotion of artificial insemination, establishment of diagnostic laboratories. Importance has been given for high-tech horticulture expansion of area under wine verities, promotion of organic farming and recharging of bore wells are among the components that are expected to improve horticultural productivity. Most important issue is strengthening the irrigation network and enhancing the potentiality of irrigation by establishment of express lines for lift irrigation schemes.

To achieve the agricultural growth rate of 4.5% in the district the year-wise targeted production for the 12th plan are: 2012-13 –3.27 lakhs tones; 2013-14 – 3.38 lakh tones; 2014-15 – 3.62 lakh tones; 2015-16 – 3.72 lakh tonnec and 2016-17 – 3.83 lakh tonnes.

Reservoir fisheries development will be taken up to achieve fish production; all the tanks and ponds in the district will be brought under fish culture to maximise fish production; Sea fishing too shall be regulated and deep sea fishing shall be encouraged, so also mericulture. Fish production will be raised from the present 105069 metric tonnes to 180508 metric tonnes; ornamental fish breeding and its marketing shall also be focused upon.

Medium Term Perspective Keeping in view of the concerns expressed by the Government of India, with regard to low productivity and low income in the agriculture and allied sectors, a medium term of five year plan starting from 2012-13 to 2016-17, as part of XII Five Year Plan, is being proposed and prepared for Ratnagiri district. To achieve the plan targets, an investment to the tune of Rs.______lakh has been proposed.

19 Proposed financial out-lay for C-DAP 2012-13 to 2016-17, Disctrict - Ratnagiri Ongoing sheme (Infrastructure and production)

Sr.no Name of the scheme 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total Total (8+14)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Infrastructure and assests stream Production and growth

Agriculture

1 Integrated cereal development program 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.13 67.13 112.26 112.26

2 Integrated oilseed development program 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.02 13.52 24.54 24.54

3 Soil Helth card program 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.47 7.47 14.94 14.94

4 Support for agric. extension 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 3.00 6.00 6.00

5 . Strengthening of Agro-Polyclinics 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.50 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00

6 Strengthening Taluka Seed Farm 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00

7 Agriculture Mechanisation 0.00 0.00 39 100.00 150.00 289.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 289.00

8 Organic Farming Promotion 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.37 11.37 22.74 22.74

9 NFSM pulses 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.42 3.51 14.34 30.00 30.00 80.27 80.27

10 Maintaining Agriculture Statistics 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.50 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00

11 crop sap 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 172.50 195.00 152.00 160.00 160.00 839.50 839.50

12 Rainfed Agricultrue development programme 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

13 Dryland farming mission 0.00 0.00 266.14 338.77 710.67 1315.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1315.58

14 Rainfed Agricultrue development 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

15 Partcipaton of women in agriculture 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.45 0.90 0.90

Total 0.00 0.00 305.14 442.77 864.67 1612.58 174.92 198.51 166.34 268.44 292.94 1101.15 2713.73

Horticulture

1 Strengthening of Govt Nursery 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

2 Planting material development in nurseries 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 40.00 120.00 120.00

3 Micor irrigation 20.28 32.50 17.98 20.00 60.00 150.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 150.76

4 NHM 219.92 208.43 319.65 199.38 445.32 1392.70 101.50 66.50 25.39 18.93 30.00 242.32 1635.02

5 EGS Horticulture 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 150.00 175.00 325.00 325.00

6 Coconut Devlopment Board Aided Scheme 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00 25.00 50.00 50.00

Total 240.20 240.93 337.63 269.38 555.32 1643.46 121.50 86.50 45.39 213.93 270.00 737.32 2380.78

Soil Conservation

1 IWMP 1888.63 2209.41 1178.69 1944.78 74.78 7296.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7296.29

2 NWDPRA 147.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 147.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 147.83

3 Jalyut shivar Abhiyan 0.00 0.00 623.26 4179.25 6000.00 10802.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10802.51

Total 2036.46 2209.41 1801.95 6124.03 6074.78 18246.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18246.63

20 Proposed financial out-lay for C-DAP 2012-13 to 2016-17, Disctrict - Ratnagiri Ongoing sheme (Infrastructure and production)

Sr.no Name of the scheme 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total Total (8+14)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Infrastructure and assests stream Production and growth

Animal Husbandary

Establishment of gokul grams under Rashtriya Gokul 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 500.00 500.00 1000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1000.00 Mission

2 Establishment of mobile extension 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 50.00 150.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 150.00

3 Supply of mini setter and Hatchers of 5000 eggs capacity 0.00 0.00 0.00 53.00 53.00 106.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 106.00

4 Mobile Marketing 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.00 200.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 200.00

5 Faciliating Market 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.00 200.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 200.00

6 Introduction of power driven chaff cutter 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 30.00 60.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.00

Supply of Veternary mobile Units cum Diagnostic 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00 0.00 24.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00 Laboraties modernaxation of veterinary Dispensaries, Gr.1 for online 8 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.45 0.00 16.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.45 data entry

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 923.45 833.00 1756.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1756.45

Fishery

1 Establishment Of fish seed Farm 19.62 2.50 5.00 5.00 5.00 37.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.12

Grant of subsidy on fishery Requisite - non mechanized 2 13.99 10.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 83.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.99 boats

3 Nylon Twine 0.77 0.85 0.99 1.15 1.15 4.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.91

4 Mechnization of Fishing Crafts (80% Central Assistance) 696.32 1071.90 652.01 800.00 800.00 4020.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4020.23

5 Dev. Of infrastructure facilities on fish landing 50.59 98.59 123.83 100.00 100.00 473.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 473.01

6 Development of Fishing Harbours 0 0.00 1466.10 1500.00 1500.00 4466.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4466.10

Total 781.29 1183.84 2267.93 2426.15 2426.15 9085.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9085.36

Social Forestry

1 Mangroov Plantation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 20.00

2 Casurina Plantation by group formation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 30.00 30.00

Grand Total 3057.95 3634.18 4712.65 10185.78 10753.92 32344.48 296.42 285.01 211.73 482.37 592.94 1868.47 34212.95

21 Proposed financial out-lay for C-DAP 2012-13 to 2016-17, Disctrict - Ratnagiri Infrastructure and assests stream

Sr.no Name of the scheme 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Agriculture

1 Agro-polyclinic mobile van 1 Unit 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 0.000 50.00

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 0.000 50.00

Horticulture

Subsidy on mini tempo for transport of vegetables 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.00 45.000 90.00 25 tempo x 2 labor @ 50% subsidy

2 Mango cashew Board 0.00 0.00 200.00 250.00 300.000 750.00

Total 0.00 0.00 200.00 295.00 345.00 840.00

Soil Conservation

Construction of Farm ponds in rice field for 1 protective irrigation. 4000 ponds x Rs 52264 size- 20 0.00 0.00 0.00 1045.28 1045.280 2090.56 x 20 x 3 m

2 lining of farms ponds (20 x 20 x 3 m)3000 ponds 0.00 0.00 0.00 750.00 1000.000 1750.00

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 1795.28 2045.28 3840.56

Animal Husbandary

Establishment of Gokul grams under Rashtriya 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 500.00 500.00 1000.00 Gokul Mission 2 Establishment of Mobile extension 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 50.00 150.00 Supply of mini setter and Hatchers of 5000 eggs 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 53.00 53.00 106.00 capacity

4 Mobile Marketing 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.00 200.00

5 Faciliating Market 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 100.00 200.00

6 Introduction of power driven chaff cutter 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 30.00 60.00

Supply of Veternary Mobile Units cum Diagnostic 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.00 0.00 24.00 Laboraties

Modernazation of veterinary Dispensaries, Gr.1 for 8 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.35 0.00 26.35 online data entry

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 933.35 833.00 1766.35

Grand Total 0.00 0.00 200.00 3073.63 3223.28 6496.91 22 Proposed financial out-lay for C-DAP 2012-13 to 2016-17, Disctrict - Ratnagiri Production and growth

Sr.no Name of the scheme 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Agriculture

Incentives for hybrid seed growers for seed 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.28 16.28 32.56 production Subsidy 50%

Supply of Urea DAP bricket on 50% subsidy 10% 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 56.10 56.10 112.20 area per year

Supply of improved seed Wal, Gram & Cowpea 3 0.00 0.00 0.000 35.00 35.00 70.00 @50 % subsidy

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 107.38 107.38 214.76

Horticulture

Coconut supply of pheromone traps for control of 1 0.00 0.00 0.000 2.50 2.50 5.00 Red Palm Weevil . @ 50% subsidy

Supply of pheromone traps for control of 2 0.00 0.00 0.000 2.50 2.50 5.00 Rhinoceros beetle @ 50% subsidy

Drum stick PKM 1&2 (hybrid) 5/ plants 40000 3 0.00 0.00 0.000 11.25 11.25 22.50 plants x Rs 10 @ 50% subsidy

4 Contract farming for vegetables 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.25 16.25 32.50

Animal Husbandary

1 A.I. Delivery System under RKVY 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 50.00 150.00

2 clean milk production 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.25 31.25 62.50

Assistance to farmers for promotion of intergrated 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 625.00 625.00 1250.00 live stalk farming on 25% subsidy

4 Distrubution of fodder seed 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.00 15.00 30.00

5 Establishment of silage making unit 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 30.00 60.00

6 Fodder production form fallow lands 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 30.00 60.00

7 Establishment of Hydroponics fodder production unit 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.00 15.00 30.00

8 Establishment of Azolla production unit 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.00 15.00 30.00

Stall fed 40+2 goat unit by punyashlok Ahiyadevi 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 64.50 0.00 64.50 Maharashtra Mendi va Sheli vikas mahamandal

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 925.75 811.25 1737.00

Grand Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 1049.38 934.88 1984.26

23 Abstract Infrastructure and assests stream and Production and growth for proposed and ongoing sheme

Yearwise Program Total Sr. Name of Number Stream 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 No. Department of shemes Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Infrastructure 8 197.66 251.91 641.73 1835.09 0.00 4627.89 Agriculture 1 Production 10 235.77 303.28 656.87 825.99 825.99 2847.90 Sub Total 18 433.43 555.19 1298.60 2661.08 825.99 7475.79

Infrastructure 4 186.59 166.61 193.68 545.40 595.32 1687.60 Horticulture 2 Production 5 311.23 41.16 183.70 335.93 335.93 1207.95 Sub Total 9 497.82 207.77 377.38 881.33 931.25 2895.55

Soil Infrastructure 5 2036.46 2209.41 1801.95 7919.31 8120.06 22087.19 3 Conservation Production 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sub Total 5 2036.46 2209.41 1801.95 7919.31 8120.06 22087.19

Animal Infrastructure 10 0.00 48.37 17.43 949.10 833.00 1847.90 4 husbandary Production 12 135.66 63.03 47.36 927.55 813.05 1986.65 Sub Total 22 135.66 111.40 64.79 1876.65 1646.05 3834.55

Infrastructure 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Dairy 5 Production 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sub Total 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Infrastructure 6 781.29 1183.84 2267.93 2426.15 2426.15 9085.36 Fishery 6 Production 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sub Total 6 781.29 1183.84 2267.93 2426.15 2426.15 9085.36

Coopertaive Infrastructure 5 5.55 110.60 1973.85 568.40 164.85 2823.25 7 and Marketing Production 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sub Total 5 5.55 110.60 1973.85 568.40 164.85 2823.25

Infrastructure 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sericulture 8 Production 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sub Total 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Infrastructure 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Social forestry 9 Production 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 30.00 Sub Total 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 30.00

Infrastructure 38 0.00 0.00 0.00 14243.45 12139.38 42159.19

Grand Total Production 29 682.66 407.47 887.93 2089.47 2004.97 6072.50

67 682.66 407.47 887.93 16332.92 14144.35 48231.69

CHAPTER III:

SWOT ANALYSIS OF RATNAGIRI DISTRICT

Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Rainfall Assured Rainfall Heavy Rainfall in Short Scope to Use Excess and Erratic Rainfall. Duration Ground Water Decrease in number of rainy days and water indicating growing intensity of storage. rainfall. Leaching of Nutrients due to heavy rains. Climate and Environment Moderate Climates Increasing Fluctuation Scope for Global Warming and Climatic and Unpolluted in Climate affecting research and Change. environment growth driver sectors technology Adverse affect on health, such as Horticulture devevelopment productivity and production. and Fisheries. District to address Ill Equipped to weakness and apprehend, face and in cases address changing possible to climatic fluctutions. capitalize on the situation. Climate suitable for Pest and Disease Economic Large number of proposed power horticulture crops, Incidence High Due to Activity plants may affect air & water quality agro forestry, Hot and Humid Climate. employment presumed essential for development medicinal plants. Also Low scope for generation and of agriculture & allied sectors Crop Diversification wealth creation. Transport and Road Connectivity of Villages Proximity to Due to low marketable agriculture & Non expansion of market may lead National Highway surplus of agriculture & allied to concentration of markets and and Konkan allied commodities, low commodities glut situations for perishable Railway industrial output have assured horticultural products. linkages to other parts markets in the of the state are lacking. other parts of district & state if production & activity is increased. Almost all villages Low Usage for Scope to use Increase in weakness and inability connected by roads industrial and village road to take the opportunity shall cause generated economic connectivity to outflow of basic natural resources, activity. up activity in change in land ownership. agriculture and allied sectors including production and increase processing activity. Non-Usage of Konkan Expansion or Railway for Marketing opening of of Agriculture and Allied Within/Outside Produce State Market through Konkan Railway.

Electrification 99 percent of the Lack of use for Scope for use of Continuance of weakness shall lead villages electrified. agricultural and available to backwardness. small/cottage industrial electricity sources purposes. to introduce/ improvise mechanization and basic farm infrastructure requiring electricity. Load shedding affecting Exploitation of Insiffiecient Supply leading to power seasonal food Tidal and Solar cuts may damage high value crops processing dependant Energy. in cold storages and leads to use of on electrification. Also high value fuels for electricity. affects irrigation. Non-availability of Increase in forest fires because of agricultural connections short circuits. in remote areas of electrified villages. Literacy High Literacy Rate Literacy is bereft of Practical short Literacy minus knowledge and skill knowledge of courses aimed at of agriculture sector shall lead to agriculture and allied livelihood masses weaning away from sector. Non-Availability improvement and agriculture and allied sector. of higher education entreprenueral facilities. skill development in agiculture and allied sector. Migration of High level literates. Human Resource and Labour Availability Labour is Non-Utilization of family Scope for activity Non Capitalization of family labour remunerative. labour. and wealth will lead to intra regional imbalance creation from and lack of cooperation. increased agriculture and allied activity on community basis. Good Scope for community based activity. Growth Drivers sectors Courses for Enhancement of trend of shortage labourer starved as imparting labour shall lead to depence on imported additional labour skills and migrant labour and outflow of required. Dearth of encouraging capital to outside regions and skilled personnel. youth to take up increase in cost and cause change labour as career in village demographics. option. Good Career Options for semi literate youth as farm managers in horticulture plantations and round the year work guaranteed in their own villages or near vicinity.

Good Opportunities Labour is still looked Scope for SHGs If dignity to labour is not given for Labour. down upon. Does not to take up available local force shall be have respect inspite of community based displaced by foreign migrant labour, shortage and being activity in as in Alphonso Mango sector in remunerative. Agriculture and Ratnagiri, Lanja and Rajapur Allied Sector. Talukas. Other Varied Agro Absentee Landholders, Scope for Forest Fire Hazards Ecological Zones and non-clear titles. domestic tourism and agro tourism activity. Large Coastline Loss Human of Scope for NGOs, Increasing Shortage of Farm Labour Resources due to FIGs and SHGs to traditional migration. work in Agriculture and Allied Sectors. Good Tourisn Lack of Irrigation Scope for Degradation of Land and Forestry Development in Facilities. Difficulties in Tourism from Deforestation on Private Coastal Talukas of Storage due to Development in Lands. Ratnagiri Guhagar, percolating soil. Rajapur, Dapoli mandangad and inland talukas Good Participation Small .and Scatterred Wild Animals (Monkeys, Wild Boars) of women in Land holdings. Unclear and Stray Cattle causing loss to agriculture Land Titles. Lack of Agricultural Crops. cohesion amongst joint land holders. Good presence of Uneven Topography Non exploitation shall lead to cottage industry. and eneven lands. transfer of land and property to rich Mountainous terrain. classes and diversion of land for Large Tracks of industrial activity. Uncultivable Land. Weak presence of NGO and Cooperative Sector. Agriculture Assured rainfall Heavy Rainfall in Short Water Storage Failure to conserve soil and water Duration causing Soil and exploitation shall lead to backwardness in Erosion due to heavy of ground water agriculture. rains and decreasing to increase water retention cropping capacity of soil intensity. Crop/Bio- Diversity No Good Cultivable Scope for SHG Land Under Class – I. and community 68% lands under lands farming to for occassional address labour cultivation and steep shortage and slopes with shallow soil sharing of prone to soil erosion. infrastructure Strong Participation Low Cropping Intensity. Scope to improve of Women in Monocropping and productivity and Agriculture and seasonal cultivation. production by allied activities. using modern technology, organic practices. Good Road Absentee Landlords. Assured Market Connectivity and Sub-Division anf at Main Village Electrification of fragmentation of land. Markets, Taluka villages Markets and within district. Accessibility to Short Duration of Scope for Agro agricultural rainfall affects Tourism 27 university and cultivating vegetables, Krishi Vigyan pulses and oilseeds Kendras. productivity. Strong Womens Labour Shortage as Continuance of weakness shall Participation in Large population of threaten food security Agriculture Men have migrated in the last two centuries. Market Availability NGO presence in Agriculture Sector Weak Rice Productivity Low Scope for Could lead to sale of land to large High. mechanization due to and powerfull sections of societies. small land holding. Abundance of Lack of Cooperation at Opportunity to Small and Medium Farmers shall be natural resources Community Level to incorporate converted to agriculture labour class pool into, construct and Agriculture in if weakness is not cured. share infrastructure school curriculum. A long standing demand of farming community. Effective Extension Weak and ineffective Stregthening of Migration of youth may Public Services. APMC APMC shall lead recommence. to marketing of surplus in district rather then export to other APMCs. Heavy Soil Erosion Increase in Decreasing Productivity and standard of living increasing incidence of pest and and increased disease, increased risk of crop spending on failure agriculture and allied produce in the district. Low Water Holding Demand for Increasing I n crop failure. May Capacity of Soil Organic encourage farmers to keep lands Produces. fallow further decreasing cropping intensity. Absentee Landholders Sale of land. Lack of Irrigation . Facilities. Difficulties in Storage due to percolating soil. Small .and Scattered Land holdings. Unclear Land Titles. Lack of cohesion amongst joint land holders. Uneven Topography and eneven lands. Mountainous terrain. Large Tracks of Uncultivable Land. Lack of Entreprenuership at Individual and community level in agriculture sector. Lack of Knowledge of agriculture schemes.

28 Lack of Agri-Processing and Value Addition. Shortage of Farm Labour Lack of facilities for tourist Horticulture Growth Driver Gaps in Research, Scope to give Failure to address weakness shall Sector Extension and Adoption further impetus increase intensity of problems and of Modern Technology to sector by lead to dilution of natural by Farmers. bridging GAPs advantages. and strengthening Backward and Forward Linkages (Post Harvest Management, Value Addition, Vast areas for Monoculture Plantations Intercropping Monoculture is a threat to farm plantation leading to high health. Favours pest and disease. incidence of pest and disease Exportable Cash High cost of cultivation. High Value Crops like Alphonso Horticulture Mango Cashew. Crops. Strong Government Lack of Post Harvest Scope for support for facilities. cooperative horticulture. farming. Large number of Lack of Cooperation Scope for processing units. and Co-operative Productivity Sector. Increase. Lack of Irrigation Scope for Facilities, Roads to International Plantations, Electricity. Export. LARGE SCALE Leasing Organic of Unmanaged Cultivation Alphonso Mango Plantations to Traders. High rate of non- functional Cashew Processing Units due to lack of seed capital. Rainfall and Climatic Conditions Assured Rainfall, Soil Erosion leading to Scope to improve Leaching of Micro nutrients due to Soil and Climatic crop vulnerability to productivity and heavy rainfall leading to Low Conditions suitable pest and disease and soil health by Productivity leading to incidence of for Horticulture. susceptible to climatic taking measures pest and disease, high cost of Unpolluted Change. Humid to conserve water production and low realization. Environment weather favorable to and soil. pest and fungal growth. Lack of Water and Soil Conservation measures. Large Availability of Lack of Irrigation Scope for Better Absence of water may hinder scope Ground water during Flowering and Crop for increasing productivity and storage. Farmers fruit setting stage management production. Initiative to tap using irrigation ground water & since soil has low water storage in water retention Farm Ponds. capacity.

Area Expansion Availability of large Absentee landlords, Scope for Area Non development may lead to tracks of land for unclear Land Titles and Expansion in diversion to non agricultural plantation lack of cohesiveness Class IV and purposes. and vision amongst Class VI Lands. joint land title holders. Scope for Banana, Pineapple, Sapota for local market in district. Natural Advantage Natural Advantage Low Productivity. Lack Scope for Lack of Management may degrade of Good Quality of Management augmenting quality of produce and increase cost Produce strong in resulting in crop loss. qualitative & of controlling pest and disease or Taste and Aroma Quantitative may cause crop loss. Other non Production by traditional areas have begun to adoption of compete and adulterate low quality Scientific fruit. management practices. Processing Large number of Seasonal Processing Scope for Stand alone Processing Units of farm based Fruit Only increasing fruit Non-Farmers risk non-viability if Processing and range and number of operational days are not Value Addition by viability of increased. farmers. processing units. Availability of Shortage of Non-Family Scope for Land Dependence on Migrant Labour and Family Labour Additional Labour less and Marginal flight of capital and wastage of required by Medium land Holding available human resource. and Large Plantations. Youth, SHGs to take up labour oriented services. Organization Large Number of Lack of Cooperation Scope for FIGs to Non- Organization shall lead to SHGs work on continued disadvantage to Backward and individuals and continued setback. Forward Linkages to share infrastructure and thereby reduce cost and increase efficiency and utilization. Marketing & Forward Linkages Assured and Vast Lack of transport Scope for Unexploited Markets is wastage of Unexploited facilities and cooperation in opportunity and chance to other to Market. individualistic nature of developing take it. farmers hinder Marketting marketing. linkages. Number of Farmers Weak Development of FIGs to become Lack of Large Base and limited adopting Forward Linkages. exporters. managerial ability of FIGs hinders GLOBALGAP forward linkages. Global Meltdown. standards for Farm management for Alphonso. Floriculture Loose Flowers Assured Demand Low Production and Assured Local Dependance on Imports area market

Green House Large Number Marketing and Lack of Scope for Lack of cooperation and Upcoming Small Cooperation Cooperation in organization leading to closure Units Backward and Forward Linkages Medicinal Plants Large Pool of Lack of Organised Heavy demand in Lost Opportunity to rejuvenate Biodiversity and Efforts and Initiative. Domestic and medicinal plants related low cost natural presence of International health care Large number of market. And large Medicinal Plants availability of Class VI land where medicinal plants grow naturally. Lack of assured market. Scope for Intercropping Animal Husbandry Dairy 1. Family labour 1. Low producing 1. Demand for 1. Disease outbreaks: Botulism. available easily local breeds. milk is ever increasing . 2. Traditional 2. Lack of awareness in 2. SHG 2. Marketing of milk is difficult in business & Modern Techniques. Participation rural areas. hence have basic skill & knowledge. 3. Women 3. Majority of the 3. Value Addition 3. Vacancies in Dispensaries participation farmers Financially and Processing Weak. 4. SHGs presence 4. Inability of farmers 4. Availability of 4. large volume of milk is pumped to make good cows or A.I facilities in from neighboring districts buffaloes from calves born from artificial insemination. 5. 155 veterinary 5. Lack of green service centre fodder due to limitation available of irrigation and marginal land holding . 6. Low availability of dry fodder due to smaller land holding. 7. Inadequacy and complexity in availing of loan and credit facilities. 8. Cooperative or private Sector not developed. 9. Lack of modern veterinery facilities. Poultry 1. Family labour 1. Lack of technical 1. Easily Available 1. Regular vaccination required available easily, knowledge to the Local Market due to lack of feed especially 100% women folks who are women the real poultry rearers participation. 2. Low investment 2. Local breeds are low 2. High Demand 2. Wild animal menace e.g. in backyard poultry producers. for Eggs and Mongoose, wolves, etc., farmer. Birds. 3. People long for 3. Inadequate feed to 3. Capitalization 3. Availability of large volume of 31 desi chicken. Desi backyard poultry. of Low Cost eggs from neighbouring districts chicken has lot of Backyard Model. demand during different festivals. 4. Low availability of 4. Bird flu good quality Backyard breeds of chicken. Goats 1. Easy availability 1. Heavy Rainfall 1. Waste land 1. Outbreak of diseases like of family labour and Private pneumonia, ET, etc forests not enclosed can be used for free range goat farming

2. Maximum 2. Lack of technical 2. Heavy Local 2. Marketing women Knowledge Demand for Meet participation. and Manure at Taluka and district level 3. Demand for Goat 3. Lack of Promotion 3. SHG Manure as Organic Participation in Manure by remote villages Horticulturist. where private forest are increasing and other employment opportunities for women are less. 4. Nutritious Goat Nonavailability of Goat Milk Milk

FISHERIES 1 Growth Driver Few Fish Landing Deep Sea Sea Shore Erosion Sector centres. Fisheries Unexploited 2 Vast and Very Less land for Strengthening of Exploitation of Inshore Fishing Productive Fishing development of Fisheries Grounds Ground infrastructural facilities. Cooperative to engage in Purchase and sale of marine Products. 3 Heavy Local Decreasing Catch due Farm Ponds demand to over exploitation of under NHM In Shore Fishing Grounds 4 State Support Reluctance of Ornamental Fish Cooperative Societies to engage in purchase and sell of marine products. 5 Foreign Exchange Lack of Cottage Scope for SHG Earner Processing. participation on Cottage level processing 6 Strong Presence Attractive of Cooperative Government Sector Schemes 7. Participation of Women 32 8. Accessibility and Assimilation of Technology 9. Presence of Fisheries College 10.Strong Presence of Export Oriented Processing Units. Financial Institutions 1. Strong Presence 1. Reluctance towards Scope for Small Sections of Society shall be of Banks in Rural agricultural finance. Capacity Building deprived of low cost finance and Areas of SHG and agri- ultimately lead to transfer of land to finance in richer classes. agriculture and allied sector 2. Complicated Loan 1. Scope for Infusion of capital shall be difficult Procedures considering bringing vast area for the small farmer without bank capacity of farmers of under project help to invest in technology and small sections of development with infrastructure to improve society. bank finance. productivity and increase 3. Lack of knowledge 2. Scope for production. amongst farmers of investment in lower sections about scientific bank schemes and managements of operations. plantations agriculture and allied activities with bank Finance.

3.3: Accommodating SWOT- addressing issues emerging out of the analysis. Problems and Issues in Ratnagiri District Based On the SWOT Analysis of Ratnagiri District Problems and Issues have been identified and classified into 14 broad categories. Some of these are naturally unsurmountable limitations, some weaknesses are challenges, opportunities and spheres on which the said Plan shall focus and address. A. Natural Resource Management 1. Lateritic soil having very low water holding capacity 2. Low fertile soils due to loss of organic matter 3. Acidic Soils having Ph less than 5. 4. Undulating and sloppy land 5. Large geographical area under ‘Katal’ (hard lateritic rock). 6. Large part of geographical area under waste land 7. Diversion of Fertile Agricultural Land for Non Agricultural Activities mainly urbanization. 8. Sea shore erosion 9. Heavy rainfall Area and nutrient losses and soil erosion resulting from thereon. 10. Wild animal menace. Wild Boar and monkeys. 11. Forest fires (Wanawa)

B. Social Aspects 1. Stray cattle menace. 2. Farmers and Youth moving away from Agriculture especially in lower sections of society. 3. High Inflation and Price rise in comparison to other cities as a district is a heavy importer of agriculture and horticulture produce (Except Mango) and essential commodities. 4. Lack of co-operation among the farmers. 5. Dependence on money orders from migrants 6. Farms managed by the elder people. Absentee Land Holders 7. School drop outs. 8. Lack of Government Aided Higher Education. 9. Absence of Agricultural and Revenue Land related Knowledge at Secondary School Level. 33 10. Lack of farmers organization. 11. Due to heavy migration in the past to metros, lack of agricultural work force/labour.

C. Management of Agricultural Crops 1. Considerable yield gap in paddy, nagli, pulses and oilseeds due to gap in adoption of recommended technology 2. Poor seed replacement ratio 3. Very low use of organic matter 4. Non-availability of hybrid seed of paddy i.e. ‘Sahydri’ 5. Imbalanced use of fertilizers 6. Lack of knowledge about plant protection measures 7. Land remains idle after harvesting of kharif crop 8. Lack of intercropping and mixed farming practices. 9. Lack of agriculture allied activities.

D. Management of Horticultural Crops 1. Significant yield gap in fruit crops, plantation crops and vegetables due to gap in adoption of recommended management practices. 2. Alternate bearing of mango variety ‘Alphonso’. 3. Physiological disorders like spongy tissue in ‘Alphonso’. 4. Severe attack of mango hopper. 5. Continuous flowering in mango (recurrent flowering). 6. Pre-cooling and Bavistin treatment not followed. 7. No market for cashew-apple. 8. Tea mosquito attack in cashew. 9. Old cashew plantations are of local varieties. 10. Close plantation of coconut and arecanut. 11. Non-availability of improved variety seed of vegetables. 12. High incidence of pests and diseases. 13. Irrigation is limiting factor to all horticultural crops. 14. Difficulty in raising spices as inter-crop due to close planting of coconut and arecanut. 15. Inadequate knowledge about facilities for post harvest handling and processing of fruits and vegetables. 16. Ignorance about PHT 17. Lack of Cluster Based Marketing Efforts. 18. Low Penetration in several areas of State. 19. Due to Lack of Capital unable to hold on to raw material for processing as a result high rate of export of raw material to southern states and loss of benefits allied to processing. 20. Lack of knowledge about floriculture. 21. Lack of allied Industries Based on Coconut.

E. Management of Livestock 1. Low availability of good quality feeds and fodder 2. Animals are mostly kept in let loose condition . 3. Castration done at later years of life that is 4 - 5 yrs of age 4. Low milk productivity. 5. Negligence towards animals. 6. Lack of irrigation facilities. 7. Poor health facilities. 8. Lack of cooperation amongst farmers in sharing Animal Management responsibilities.

F. Backyard Poultry 1. High mortality of chicks and birds due to climatic changes 2. Lack of technical knowledge among women 3. Low egg production due to free range system 4. Low weight gain 5. Vaccination schedule not followed 6. Wild animal menace. 7. Insufficient availability of good quality chicks for free range system

G. Goat 1. Lack of technical knowledge 2. Lack of feed and fodder 34 3. Lack of graded bucks for breeding 4. Lack of proper housing 5. Low weight gain 6. High mortality due to pneumonia etc.

H. Management of Marine Capture Fisheries 1. Over mechanization 2. Over exploitation of inshore fishing ground 3. Improper implementation of fishing regulations like closed season, depth of fishing and mesh size regulations 4. Decrease in catch per unit effort 5. Large number of purse-seiners 6. Pollution 7. Catch forecast not available

I. Aquaculture 1. Non-availability of seed and feed

J. Management of forestry and medicinal plants 1. Deforestation 2. Lack of knowledge about medicinal plants and their medicinal use 3. Non-availability of planting material of medicinal plants 4. Low rates for forest and medicinal produce (Irregular marketing practices) 5. Unprotected forest area

K. Infrastructure Facilities 1. Lack of cold storage facilities for fruit crops and fisheries 2. Inadequate agro-processing facilities 3. Lack of transport facilities (ordinary transport and refrigerated vans) 4. Lack of processing units for medicinal plants 6. Lack of training centres 7. Lack of fish landing centres 8. Lack of drying platforms 9. Lack of ice plants 10. Lack of milk collection and chilling centers 11. Lack of veterinary aid centres 12. Lack of soil and water conservation structure

L. Financial 1. Complicated loaning procedures 2. Insufficient loan amount 3. High rate of interest 4. No financial help for new gillnet (Towari Jali)

M. Human Resource Management 1. Lack of skilled labourers 2. Non-availability of labour during peak period 3. High wages 4. Insufficient number of trained extension persons 5. Technical and managerial incompetence. 10 Lack of Cooperation in Livelihood Activities. Farmers Both Big and Small Individualistic in Nature. Big Farmers Predatory in Nature and Small Farmers Lack Vision and Knowledge.

N. Marketing 1. Inaccessibility of markets 2. Exploitations by middlemen 3. No information regarding market price (market intelligence) 4. No subsidy on marketing 5. Lack of commodity based organisation 6. Unorganized market leading to distress sale of produce 7. No Regulated Markets. 8. No co-operative marketing. 35

N. Policy Matter 1. Revenue records (7/12 extract) are not updated. Lack of Clarity in Land Titles. 2. No supply of planting material in time. 3. Ownership problem of leased land holders. 4. Non-availability of irrigation water at the time of sowing i.e. November onwards. 5. Fishing villages do not have sufficient landing space. 6. Upliftment of small fishermen. 3.4: Sectoral/ Regional Growth Drivers of the District Horticulture, Fisheries and Tourism are the major Regional Growth Drivers of the District. Other sectors mainly Agriculture continues to be subsistance while, Animal Husbandry, Dairy Sector show negative growth.

Horticulture While Horticulture Sector has growth Driven several individual success stories. Horticulture took root by way of Alphonso Mango Plantations and was developed in adverse conditions until Horticulture Plantations were encouraged under Employment Guarantee Scheme, Banks came forward to lend to traditionally big land holding families and their self developed entreprenueral zeal saw several individuals and families make giant leaps in terms of horticultural plantations, constructing processing facilities and going in for product development and penetrating the state and international market with self developed product ranges of a variety of food products mainly based on horticultural major and minor produce. The sector has also sprung a new breed of growers who have taken on lease those plantations whose management is not possible for the farmers for reasons of unviable trade, family or other labour shortage or absentee landowners. Such areas are taken on long/short term or seasonal lease. Such growers have linkages with traders in the APMC markets of Mumbai, Pune and Western Maharashtra who provide them with funds for pating contract money and management costs. In principle soil fertility of such areas are the responsibility of the farmers/owner but it is seldom taken care of. This sub-sector is a seller market as such traders are forced to fork the moneys demanded by farmers especially those which have large areas and these traders them resort to the incessant use of paclobutrozol to reaped sustained harvests. This has lead to the physiological disorder of Spongy Tissue in Alphonso Mango. Progressive farmers are now adopting good agricultural practices in Alphonso Mango to get their plantations certified as per GLOBALGAP standards for export to US, Europe and Japan. Farmers are also now moving in a big way towards organic management for soil fertility and setting up of Pack Houses and Grading Sorting Houses.

In the talukas bordering the Sahyadri range, Rajapur, Lanja, Sangmeshwar, Chiplun, Khed have seen massive deforestations on private lands to cater to the domestic and industrual needs of Western Maharashtra. Such lands cleared at the cost to the felling contractor reap the farmers short term gain and clear his lands for Cashew Plantations. As such more area in the district comes under cashew plantation than Alphonso. Path breaking interventions in processing of Cashew Apple shall see a massive surge in realization within the sector and farmers would have incomes generated for further investment to improve productivity and production of cashew plantations.

Coconut is mainly Backyard cultuvation in the small holdings around the dwelling units of thedr farmers. But managementless plantations are productive due to natural advantages only in the coastal talukas. Since the area is a heavy consumer of coconut and multipurpose scope for bringing other parts of the tree there is tremendous scope for area expansion multi cropping under Lakhi Baag Yojana with intensive extension and facilities for exploitation of ground water.

Traditionally a coastal crop, Large Scientific Plantations of Banana based on planting material from Tissue Culture Laboratories, irrigation by drip have become successful and several farmers SHGs, individual farmers d FIGs have begun going in for large scale plantations mainly of the Grand 9 variety. Banana a poor mans health food is in substantual demand in the district where the annual consumption is estimated to be 3,00,000 tonnes per annum.

Fisheries The fisheries sector has mainly been a community or cooperative movement driven growth. Sensing the great export potential the government has been liberal to the sector in providing capital to the fisheries cooperative sociieties, diesel on subsidized rates and bank finance and subsidies on building of new vessels and mechanization. The allied spawning of processing export houses in the 36 district created the potential to absorb the surplus catches and process them for export. The sector has changed the face of the fishing community from a subsistance community to a high spending and income generating community. Since production is a natural phenomenon, the sector has also been able to improvise and acquire modern technology for improving catches. Extension and encouragement to fishermen to go into deep sea into the area which is unexplored for technical difficulties shall see decongestion of the inshore fishing areas and healthy fishing environment. Similarly innovative fishing grounds such as farm ponds under the National Horticulture Mission and inland fisheries in ponds shall see the fish catch rising and within the grasp of the common man.

Tourism Blessed with unpolluted, scenic beauty, rich history of coastal sea forts, paces of religious importance and a wide variety of locations to visit, domestic tourism as well as business tourism is picking up like rage in the district. Agro tourism has picked up in Alphonso Plantations in scenic locations and tourism sector offers the most exciting prospects for growth of entreprenuers, employment and wealth generation. Still places of interest in the Sahyadri range are still to be propogated. Massive capacity building in low cost tourism is required to capitalize on the opportunities offered for supplementary growth of the farmers.

Abstract Infrastructure and assests stream and Production and growth for proposed and ongoing sheme

Yearwise Program Total Sr. Name of Number of Stream 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 No. Department shemes Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin