DOCSLIB.ORG

Characterization of 12 Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers in the Chinese Tree Shrew (Tupaia Belangeri Chinensis)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Characterization of 12 Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers in the Chinese Tree Shrew (Tupaia Belangeri Chinensis) Zoological Research 34 (E2): E62−E68 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2013.E02E62 Characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers in the Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) Xiao-Hong LIU1, 4, Yong-Gang YAO1, 2, 3,* 1. Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; 2. Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; 3. Tree Shrew Inbreeding Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; 4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Abstract: The Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) is a small experimental animal with a close affinity to primates. This species has long been proposed to be an alternative experimental animal to primates in biomedical research. Despite decades of study, there is no pure breed for this animal, and the overall genetic diversity of wild tree shrews remains largely unknown. In order to obtain a set of genetic markers for evaluating the genetic diversity of tree shrew wild populations and tracing the lineages in inbreeding populations, we developed 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers from the genomic DNA of the tree shrew. An analysis of a wild population of 117 individuals collected from the suburb of Kunming, China, showed that these loci exhibited a highly expected heterozygosity (0.616). These 12 microsatellites were sufficient for individual identification and parentage analysis. The microsatellite markers developed in this study will be of use in evaluating genetic diversity and lineage tracing for the tree shrew. Keywords: Chinese tree shrew; Microsatellite; Heterozygosity; Individual identification; Parentage testing The Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) hepatocellular carcinoma, myopia, psychosocial stress is a squirrel-like animal. It belongs to the Family (Cao et al, 2003; McBrien & Norton, 1992; van Kampen Tupaiidae of Scandentia. Tree shrews have the highest et al, 2002; Yan et al, 1996a; Yan et al, 1996b) and brain-to-body mass ratio of known mammals (Peng et al, learning and memory (Wang et al, 2011), although there 1991). Because tree shrews share some characteristics are many problems awaiting further studies (Xu et al, with primates and insectivores, the exact phylogenetic 2013b) . Despite an increasing interest in using the tree position of the tree shrew has been debated (Arnason et shrew to establish animal models for medical and al, 2002; Janecka et al, 2007; Peng et al, 1991; Xu et al, biological research, most of the animals used were 2012; Xu et al, 2013a). Analyses of the mitochondrial captured from the wild and/or domesticated for a few DNA (mtDNA) genome have shown that the tree shrew months. There is no pure inbreeding strain with a clear has a closer affinity with Lagomorpha (Arnason et al, genetic background similar to that of a mouse or rat at 2002; Xu et al, 2012), while nuclear gene sequences the present time, which would largely influence the provide evidence for a close affinity to primates (Janecka stability and repeatability of experiments.1 et al, 2007; Killian et al, 2001; Lindblad-Toh et al, 2011). Tupaiidae contains four genera: Tupaia, Anathana, The tree shrew has long been proposed to be an alternative experimental animal to primates in Received: 18 November 2012; Accepted: 20 December 2012 biomedical research due to its characteristics such as Foundation items: This work was supported by the National 863 small body size, short reproductive cycle and life span, Project of China (2012AA021801) and grants from Chinese Academy and low-cost maintenance (Peng et al, 1991). This animal of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-R-11 and KSCX2-EW-J-23) and Yunnan has been used to create animal models for infection with Province (2009CI119) the hepatitis B and C viruses, the development of * Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] Science Press Volume 34 Issue E2 Characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers in the Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) E63 Urogale, and Dendrogale (Helgen, 2005). Currently, a Microsatellite identification and amplification total of 15 species is recognized in Tupaia, which is Based on the genomic DNA sequences of the broadly distributed across South and Southeast Asia, northern tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) provided by the including southern China, India, Philippines, Java, Ensembl database (ftp://ftp.ensembl.org/), 20 loci were Borneo, Sumatra and Bali (Olson et al, 2005; Peng et al, chosen with a core repeat unit of 4−6 nucleotides. Primer 1991). Chinese tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) are pairs were designed using primer premier 5. PCR distributed across southwest China and are divided into amplification condition for each locus contained a pre- six subspecies according to geographical distribution and denaturation cycle at 94 ℃ for 5 min, followed by 30 morphological characteristics (Wang, 1987). cycles of denaturation at 94 ℃ for 30 s, annealing at Understanding the genetic diversity of the wild tree 55 ℃ for 30 s, and extension at 72 ℃ for 30 s, followed shrew population has critical importance for by a final extension cycle at 72 ℃ for 5 min. conservation and for a breeding program to establish Amplification was performed in a total volume of 20 μL, inbred lines. Recently, we evaluated the mtDNA genetic which contained 10×Taq polymerase reaction buffer diversity of the tree shrew inhabiting urban Kunming and (100 mmol/L Tris-HCl, pH 8.3; 500 mmol/L KCl; 15 observed a relatively high diversity (Chen et al, 2011). mmol/L MgCl2), 0.2 mmol/L dNTPs, 10 μmol/L of each Genetic markers from the nuclear genome are essential forward and reverse primer, 0.5 U Taq DNA polymerase for us to further validate this conclusion and to analyze (TaKaRa, Dalian, China), and 50 ng genomic DNA. PCR other behaviors of this animal, e.g., female-biased products were electrophoresed on 8% polyacrylamide dispersal and gene flow between different populations. gels to test successful and specific amplification. For Microsatellites are short tandem repeats (STR) in those loci with no amplification or with non-specific the genome and have been broadly used for evaluating bands, we optimized the reaction conditions by genetic diversity, population affinity, gene flow and increasing or decreasing the annealing temperature, or population microdifferentiation (Goldstein et al, 1999; adjusting the concentration of Mg2+ to achieve the best Schlöetterer & Pemberton, 1994; Waits et al, 2000), as efficiency and specificity. We validated the authentic well as individual identification and parentage tests (Behl sequencing of each amplified locus by TA-cloning et al, 2002; Butler, 2005). So far, there have been only sequencing. In brief, PCR product was ligated into PMD sporadic reports for characterizing microstatellites in the 19-T vector (TaKaRa, Dalian, China), followed by tree shrew (Munshi-South, 2008; Munshi-South & transforming DH5α competent cells (Tiangen, Beijing) Wilkinson, 2006; Srikwan et al, 2002). Amplification of according to the manufacturer’s instructions. We picked the Chinese tree shrew genomic DNA using up three to five plasmids with the right inserts for microsatellites developed from other species of sequencing. Scandentia revealed some problems, such as lack of After the pretest for primer pairs and the opti- polymorphism (He et al, 2009) and had non-specific mization for amplification, we labeled the forward amplification in our samples (data not shown). Therefore, primer of each locus by including 6-FAM (Carboxy- it is necessary to develop a set of species-specific fluorescein) at the 5' end of the primer. PCR microsatellite markers based on the available genome of amplification for each locus was performed using the the tree shrew. In this study, we successfully retrieved 12 above optimized conditions. PCR product was diluted polymorphic microsatellite markers from Chinese tree with double-distilled water to achieve a concentration of shrews and characterized them in a population of 117 1 ng/μL. We mixed 1 μL diluted PCR product with 0.1 individuals. Our results showed that this set of μL GenescanTM-500 LIZ® (Applied Biosystems) and Hi- microsatellite loci had sufficient data to measure DiTM Formamide (Applied Biosystems), and added population heterozygosity and individual discrimination. ddH2O to make a 10 μL volume of cocktail. The mixture was denatured at 95 ℃ for 5 min, then immediately MATERIALS AND METHODS chilled on ice. We loaded 1 μL of cocktail on an automated sequencer (ABI PRISM 3100, Applied Experimental animals Biosystems). Alleles were scored using program A total of 117 Chinese tree shrews inhabiting the Genemarker V1.5 (SoftGenetics LLC, State College, PA). suburb of Kunming, Yunnan Province, China, were collected and raised at the Experimental Animal Core Statistical analysis Facility of the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Allele frequencies, observed heterozygosity (Ho), Academy of Sciences. All sampling procedures were expected heterozygosity (He) and deviation from the approved by the Institute’s Institutional Animal Care and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) based on the Use Committee. Genomic DNA was extracted from the likelihood ratio test were calculated by POPgene 1.32 blood, ear and/or muscle tissues of each individual by (Yeh & Boyle, 1997). Polymorphism information content using the genomic DNA extraction
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Conservation Behaviorist
    The Conservation Behaviorist Heidi Fisher, student at Boston University, receives E. O. Wilson Conservation Award Animal Behavior Society ABS Conservation Committee The Conservation Behaviorist, an electronic biannual news-update, informs ABS members about the Conservation Committee’s activities, research trends in behavior and conservation, and relevant scientific news in conservation research where behavior plays an important role. The Conservation Behaviorist Vol. 3, No. 1, May 2005 ____________________________________________________________ In this issue The ABS Conservation Committee ..……………………….. 2 Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior........................................ 2 Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf and Mark L. Wildhaber join ABS Conservation Committee…………………………………….. 2 Perspectives: Animal Cognition and its Role in Conservation Behavior, by Guillermo Paz-y-Miño C.……………………... 3 Feature Article: Conservation Behavior in Borneo’s logged forests, by Jason Munshi-South….…………………..……….5 Animal Behavior Society Annual Meeting……………………7 Excerpts From Back Issues …………………...…………….10 © Photo Sherri Michaud Conservation Tips By Daniel T. Blumstein “…As a field biologist, it is difficult not to become a conservationist, particularly when Is there anything a behaviorist can you study animal behavior. An animal’s first do to help conservation? response to a stressor is often a change at Work in an endangered habitat. Even if you the behavioral level. Behavior is a reliable are not focusing on an endangered species, indicator of ecological disturbance…” says by working in an endangered habitat you will Fisher. Her proposal “Communication breakdown illustrate, by example, the value of the habitat and hybridization in Xiphophorus fishes” will be and you may be able to collect additional funded by the ABS Student Research Grant information that will be useful for endangered Program and she will receive the 2005 E.
    [Show full text]
  • Endemism and Diversity of Small Mammals Along Two Neighboring Bornean Mountains
    Endemism and diversity of small mammals along two neighboring Bornean mountains Miguel Camacho-Sanchez1,2,*, Melissa T.R. Hawkins3,4,5,*, Fred Tuh Yit Yu6, Jesus E. Maldonado3 and Jennifer A. Leonard1 1 Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain 2 CiBIO—Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal 3 Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA 5 Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA 6 Sabah Parks, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Mountains offer replicated units with large biotic and abiotic gradients in a reduced spatial scale. This transforms them into well-suited scenarios to evaluate biogeographic theories. Mountain biogeography is a hot topic of research and many theories have been proposed to describe the changes in biodiversity with elevation. Geometric constraints, which predict the highest diversity to occur in mid-elevations, have been a focal part of this discussion. Despite this, there is no general theory to explain these patterns, probably because of the interaction among different predictors with the local effects of historical factors. We characterize the diversity of small non-volant mammals across the elevational gradient on Mount (Mt.) Kinabalu (4,095 m) and Mt. Tambuyukon (2,579 m), two neighboring mountains in Borneo, Malaysia. We documented a decrease in species richness with elevation which deviates from expectations of the geometric constraints and suggests that spatial Submitted 14 February 2018 Accepted 9 September 2019 factors (e.g., larger diversity in larger areas) are important.
    [Show full text]
  • 99Th Annual Meeting & Centennial Celebration Of
    99TH ANNUAL MEETING & CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MAMMALOGISTS 28 JUNE-2 JULY 2019 HYATT REGENCY WASHINGTON ON CAPITOL HILL -WASHINGTON, DC- PROGRAM The 2019 American Society of Mammalogists Annual Meeting logo was designed by John Megahan. It features the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), which for decades has welcomed visitors to Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History. The Smithsonian Institution Building (aka, The Castle) is featured in the background. 99TH ANNUAL MEETING AND CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MAMMALOGISTS 28 JUNE – 2 JULY 2019 HYATT REGENCY WASHINGTON ON CAPITOL HILL -WASHINGTON, DC- AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MAMMALOGISTS (ASM) The American Society of Mammalogists (ASM) was established in 1919 for the purpose of promoting interest in the study of mammals. AN OVERVIEW In addition to being among the most charismatic of animals, mammals are important in many disciplines from paleontology to ecology and evolution. We, of course, are mammals and thus are in the interesting position of studying ourselves in quest of a greater understanding of the role of mammals in the natural world. The ASM is currently composed of thousands of members, many of whom are professional scientists. Members of the Society have always had a strong interest in the public good, and this is reflected in their involvement in providing information for public policy, resources management, conservation, and education. The Society hosts annual meetings and maintains several publications. The flagship publication is the Journal of Mammalogy, a journal produced six times per year that accepts submissions on all aspects of mammalogy. The ASM also publishes Mammalian Species (accounts of individual species) and Special Publications (books that pertain to specific taxa or topics), and we maintain a mammal images library that contains many exceptional photographs of mammals.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Mammals of Danum Valley
    CHECKLIST OF MAMMALS OF DANUM VALLEY 1. Pangolins MANIDAE - Sunda Pangolin Manis Javanica 2. Mooonrats & allies ERINACIEDAE - Moonrat Echinosorex Gymnurus 3. Tree Shrews TUPAIIDAE - Common Treeshrew Tupaia glis - Lesser Treeshrew Tupaia minor - Striped Treeshrew Tupaia dorsalis - Large Treeshrew Tupaia tana - Painted Treeshrew Tupaia picta - Ruddy Treeshrew Tupaia splendida 4. Flying Lemurs CYNOCEPHALIDAE - Colugo Cynocephalus variegates 5. Fruit-bats PTEROPIDAE - Large Flying Fox Pteropus vampyrus - Island Flying Fox Pteropus hypomelanus 6. Lorises LORIDAE - Slow Loris Nycticebus coucang 7. Tarsiers TARSIIDAE - Western Tarsier Tarsius bancanus 8. Old World Monkeys CERCOPITHECIDAE - Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis - Pig-tailed Macaque Macaca nemestrina - Proboscis Monkey Nasalis larvatus - Red Leaf Monkey Presbytis rubicunda - Silvered Leaf Monkey Presbytis cristata 9. Gibbons HYLOBATIDAE - Borneon Gibbon Hylobates muelleri 10. Orangutan PONGIDAE - Borneon Orangutan Pongo pymaeus 11. Bears URSIDAE - Sun Bear Helarctos malayanus 12. Weasels MUSTELIDAE - Yellow-throated Marten Martes fulvigula - Malay Weasel Mustila nudipes - Ferret Badger Melogale orientalis - Malay Badger Mydaus javanensis - Hairy-nosed Otter Lutra sumatrana - Smooth Otter Lutrogale perspicillata - Common Otter Lutra lutra - Oriental Small-clawed Otter Aonycx cinerea 13. Civets VIVERRIDAE - Malay Civet Viverra tangalunga - Banded Linsang Prionodon lisang - Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphrodilus - Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata - Binturong Arctitis binturong
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Mammal Community Richness and Temporal Overlap Between Tigers and Other Carnivores in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra
    Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 43.1 (2020) 97 Terrestrial mammal community richness and temporal overlap between tigers and other carnivores in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra M. L. Allen, M. C. Sibarani, L. Utoyo, M. Krofel Allen, M. L., Sibarani, M. C., Utoyo, L., Krofel, M., 2020. Terrestrial mammal community richness and temporal overlap between tigers and other carnivores in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra. Animal Biodi- versity and Conservation, 43.1: 97–107, DOI: https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2020.43.0097 Abstract Terrestrial mammal community richness and temporal overlap between tigers and other carnivores in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra. Rapid and widespread biodiversity losses around the world make it important to survey and monitor endangered species, especially in biodiversity hotspots. Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) is one of the largest conserved areas on the island of Sumatra, and is important for the conservation of many threatened species. Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) are critically endangered and serve as an umbrella species for conservation, but may also affect the activity and distribution of other carnivores. We deployed camera traps for 8 years in an area of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) with little human activity to document the local terrestrial mammal community and investigate tiger spatial and temporal overlap with other carnivore species. We detected 39 mammal species including Sumatran tiger and several other threatened mammals. Annual species richness averaged 21.5 (range 19–24) mammals, and re- mained stable over time. The mammal order significantly affected annual detection of species and the number of cameras where a species was detected, while species conservation status did not.
    [Show full text]
  • Movement Patterns of Rats and Treeshrews in Bornean Rainforest Inferred from Mark- Recapture Data
    ECOTROPICA 14: 113–120, 2008 © Society for Tropical Ecology MOVEMENT PATTERNS OF RATS AND TREESHREWS IN BORNEAN RAINFOREST INFERRED FROM MARK- RECAPTURE DATA Konstans Wells1*, Maklarin B. Lakim2 & Martin Pfeiffer1 1 Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany 2 Sabah Parks, Peti Surat 10626, 88806 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Abstract. Movement and space-use patterns influence animal population dynamics and interactions with the environment in various ways. In this study, we estimated movement patterns of six rat (Muridae) and four treeshrew (Tupaiidae) species from Borneo based on mark-recapture data in three unlogged and three logged rainforest sites. The treeshrews Tupaia gracilis, T. longipes, and T. tana moved longer straight-line distances than any of the observed rats, with the largest movement distances recorded for T. longipes. The largest mean movement distance for rats was observed for the giant rat Leopoldamys sabanus, while the shortest movements were recorded for the rats Maxomys whiteheadi and Sundamys muelleri. Generally, rats showed a higher frequency of short movements than treeshrews, suggesting that rats are more restricted in their ranging patterns compared with the more exploratory movements of treeshrews. Mixed effects modeling suggests a significant impact of forest type on movement patterns of L. sabanus, and marginal impacts on the movements of N. cremoriventer and T. longipes. Significant sex- and age-specific effects were detected for L. sabanus, N. cremoriventer, M. surifer, M. white- headi, S. muelleri, T. longipes, and T. gracilis. Interacting effects such as forest age and type on movements of L. sabanus, as well as the relatively weak effect of forest type in mixed-effects analysis for T.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of 12 Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers in the Chinese Tree Shrew (Tupaia Belangeri Chinensis)
    Zoological Research 34 (E2): E62−E68 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2013.E02E62 Characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers in the Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) Xiao-Hong LIU1, 4, Yong-Gang YAO1, 2, 3,* 1. Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; 2. Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; 3. Tree Shrew Inbreeding Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; 4. University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Abstract: The Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) is a small experimental animal with a close affinity to primates. This species has long been proposed to be an alternative experimental animal to primates in biomedical research. Despite decades of study, there is no pure breed for this animal, and the overall genetic diversity of wild tree shrews remains largely unknown. In order to obtain a set of genetic markers for evaluating the genetic diversity of tree shrew wild populations and tracing the lineages in inbreeding populations, we developed 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers from the genomic DNA of the tree shrew. An analysis of a wild population of 117 individuals collected from the suburb of Kunming, China, showed that these loci exhibited a highly expected heterozygosity (0.616). These 12 microsatellites were sufficient for individual identification and parentage analysis. The microsatellite markers developed in this study will be of use in evaluating genetic diversity and lineage tracing for the tree shrew.
    [Show full text]
  • 2012. Provisional Checklist of Mammals of Borneo Ver 19.11.2012
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/257427722 2012. Provisional Checklist of Mammals of Borneo Ver 19.11.2012 DATASET · OCTOBER 2013 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1760.3280 READS 137 6 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Mohd Ridwan Abd Rahman MT Abdullah University Malaysia Sarawak Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 19 PUBLICATIONS 16 CITATIONS 120 PUBLICATIONS 184 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Available from: MT Abdullah Retrieved on: 26 October 2015 Provisional Checklist of Mammals of Borneo Compiled by M.T. Abdullah & Mohd Isham Azhar Department of Zoology Faculty of Resource Science and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak Email: [email protected] No Order Family Species English name Notes 01.01.01.01 Insectivora Erinaceidae Echinosorex gymnurus Moonrat 01.01.02.02 Insectivora Erinaceidae Hylomys suillus Lesser gymnure 01.02.03.03 Insectivora Soricidae Suncus murinus House shrew 01.02.03.04 Insectivora Soricidae Suncus ater Black shrew 01.02.03.05 Insectivora Soricidae Suncus etruscus Savi's pigmy shrew 01.02.04.06 Insectivora Soricidae Crocidura monticola Sunda shrew South-east Asia white-toothed 01.02.04.07 Insectivora Soricidae Crocidura fuligino shrew 01.02.05.08 Insectivora Soricidae Chimarrogale himalayica Himalayan water shrew 02.03.06.09 Scandentia Tupaiidae Ptilocercus lowii Pentail treeshrew 2.3.7.10 Scandentia Tupaiidae Tupaia glis Common treeshrew 2.3.7.11 Scandentia Tupaiidae Tupaia splendidula Ruddy treeshrew 2.3.7.12 Scandentia Tupaiidae
    [Show full text]
  • Long-‐Term Wildlife Monitoring in the Rasig Corridor
    Long-term wildlife monitoring in the Rasig Corridor. (Results for the first year: 2019) 1 Executive summary This report presents some of the preliminary results of the first year of the long-term biodiversity monitoring undertaken in the Rasig corridor. With this project, our goal is to document whether forest corridors are an effective tool to sustain populations of wildlife in an oil palm context. In 2019, our aim was to establish baseline data that could be compared with in the future. We also wanted to test various techniques and assess their potential use in the future in terms of required resources, replicability and reliability. Data collected in 2019 are currently being analysed by a Malaysian student who is pursuing her MSc at Manchester University, UK. Thus, this report is a descriptive exploration of what was achieved in 2019, rather than a final analysis. As it was expected, our preliminary results for 2019 showed that species richness and abundance was higher in the forests bordering the Rasig corridor than in the corridor itself or the nearby active oil palm plantations. However many species are increasingly using the Rasig corridor. This shows that even at its earlier stages, a corridor (forested or covered with palms) is an essential element to sustain the dynamic and functionality of animals’ communities. The results acquired during the first year of our reforestation efforts are also very encouraging, with very high survival and growth rates of seedlings that were planted during the year. To be meaningful, this monitoring needs to be pursued on the long-term, over several years.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Taxa for Which MIL Has Images
    LIST OF 27 ORDERS, 163 FAMILIES, 887 GENERA, AND 2064 SPECIES IN MAMMAL IMAGES LIBRARY 31 JULY 2021 AFROSORICIDA (9 genera, 12 species) CHRYSOCHLORIDAE - golden moles 1. Amblysomus hottentotus - Hottentot Golden Mole 2. Chrysospalax villosus - Rough-haired Golden Mole 3. Eremitalpa granti - Grant’s Golden Mole TENRECIDAE - tenrecs 1. Echinops telfairi - Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec 2. Hemicentetes semispinosus - Lowland Streaked Tenrec 3. Microgale cf. longicaudata - Lesser Long-tailed Shrew Tenrec 4. Microgale cowani - Cowan’s Shrew Tenrec 5. Microgale mergulus - Web-footed Tenrec 6. Nesogale cf. talazaci - Talazac’s Shrew Tenrec 7. Nesogale dobsoni - Dobson’s Shrew Tenrec 8. Setifer setosus - Greater Hedgehog Tenrec 9. Tenrec ecaudatus - Tailless Tenrec ARTIODACTYLA (127 genera, 308 species) ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BALAENIDAE - bowheads and right whales 1. Balaena mysticetus – Bowhead Whale 2. Eubalaena australis - Southern Right Whale 3. Eubalaena glacialis – North Atlantic Right Whale 4. Eubalaena japonica - North Pacific Right Whale BALAENOPTERIDAE -rorqual whales 1. Balaenoptera acutorostrata – Common Minke Whale 2. Balaenoptera borealis - Sei Whale 3. Balaenoptera brydei – Bryde’s Whale 4. Balaenoptera musculus - Blue Whale 5. Balaenoptera physalus - Fin Whale 6. Balaenoptera ricei - Rice’s Whale 7. Eschrichtius robustus - Gray Whale 8. Megaptera novaeangliae - Humpback Whale BOVIDAE (54 genera) - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Addax nasomaculatus - Addax 2. Aepyceros melampus - Common Impala 3. Aepyceros petersi - Black-faced Impala 4. Alcelaphus caama - Red Hartebeest 5. Alcelaphus cokii - Kongoni (Coke’s Hartebeest) 6. Alcelaphus lelwel - Lelwel Hartebeest 7. Alcelaphus swaynei - Swayne’s Hartebeest 8. Ammelaphus australis - Southern Lesser Kudu 9. Ammelaphus imberbis - Northern Lesser Kudu 10. Ammodorcas clarkei - Dibatag 11. Ammotragus lervia - Aoudad (Barbary Sheep) 12.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Mammal Community Richness and Temporal Overlap Between Tigers and Other Carnivores in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra
    Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 43.1 (2020) 97 Terrestrial mammal community richness and temporal overlap between tigers and other carnivores in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra M. L. Allen, M. C. Sibarani, L. Utoyo, M. Krofel Allen, M. L., Sibarani, M. C., Utoyo, L., Krofel, M., 2020. Terrestrial mammal community richness and temporal overlap between tigers and other carnivores in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra. Animal Biodi- versity and Conservation, 43.1: 97–107, DOI: https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2020.43.0097 Abstract Terrestrial mammal community richness and temporal overlap between tigers and other carnivores in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra. Rapid and widespread biodiversity losses around the world make it important to survey and monitor endangered species, especially in biodiversity hotspots. Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) is one of the largest conserved areas on the island of Sumatra, and is important for the conservation of many threatened species. Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) are critically endangered and serve as an umbrella species for conservation, but may also affect the activity and distribution of other carnivores. We deployed camera traps for 8 years in an area of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) with little human activity to document the local terrestrial mammal community and investigate tiger spatial and temporal overlap with other carnivore species. We detected 39 mammal species including Sumatran tiger and several other threatened mammals. Annual species richness averaged 21.5 (range 19–24) mammals, and re- mained stable over time. The mammal order significantly affected annual detection of species and the number of cameras where a species was detected, while species conservation status did not.
    [Show full text]
  • ASOCIAL MONOGAMY, EXTRA-PAIR PATERNITY, and DISPERSAL in the LARGE TREESHREW (Tupaia Tana)
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: ASOCIAL MONOGAMY, EXTRA-PAIR PATERNITY, AND DISPERSAL IN THE LARGE TREESHREW (Tupaia tana) Jason Munshi-South, Doctor of Philosophy, 2006 Directed By: Dr. Devra G. Kleiman, Adjunct Professor Behavior, Ecology, Evolution & Systematics Dr. Gerald S. Wilkinson, Professor Behavior, Ecology, Evolution & Systematics Monogamy occurs in only 5% of mammalian species, but is significantly more common in the Euarchonta: primates, dermopterans, and treeshrews (15% spp.). However, many of these species do not breed monogamously, indicating the need to understand behavioral and genetic monogamy as separate evolutionary phenomena. I examined monogamy in the large treeshrew (Tupaia tana) in Sabah, Malaysia using radiotelemetry data from 46 individuals tracked during and after a fruit masting episode in 1990-1991, during a non-masting period from 2002-2004, and in a selectively logged forest from 2003-2004. I show that large treeshrews exhibit behavioral monogamy in all these ecological situations. However, behavioral monogamy is best characterized as dispersed pair-living, or “asocial monogamy”, in this species because male-female pairs travel, forage, and sleep alone on their joint territories. Next, I use microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA d-loop haplotypes to analyze the genetic maternity and paternity of 24 T. tana offspring. I show one of the highest rates of extra-pair paternity (EPP) ever recorded for a behaviorally monogamous mammal. Over 40% of young were sired by males that were not the behavioral partner of their mother, and three litters exhibited evidence of multiple paternity. Comparative analysis of relative testis size in treeshrews and primates indicates that sperm competition is not associated with the high rates of EPP in T.
    [Show full text]