DOCSLIB.ORG

Microbiology Student Handbook

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Microbiology Student Handbook STUDENT HANDBOOK 2019 – 2020 MICROBIOLOGY GRADUATE PROGRAM BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES YALE UNIVERSITY 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS DIRECTORY A. Microbiology Graduate Program Faculty B. Microbiology Graduate Program Students and Offices C. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences D. Medical School Offices E. Other University Offices INTEGRATION OF THE MICROBIOLOGY TRACK WITH THE ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS PROGRAM OF STUDY A. Course Work B. Requirements for MD/PhD Students C. Laboratory Rotations D. Fellowships and Grant writing E. Qualifying Examination F. Teaching G. Dissertation Research H. Research-in-Progress Series I. Dissertation Prospectus J. Admission to Candidacy K. Evaluation of Progress GENERAL TIMETABLE OF REQUIREMENTS PROGRAM ACTIVITIES A. Research-in-Progress B. Seminars C. Departmental Retreat D. New Student Recruitment E. Student only activities RESEARCH EXPENSES A. Supplies B. Travel to Scientific Meetings FINISHING UP A. Preparation of the Dissertation B. Completion of Dissertation Research C. Ph.D. Dissertation Writing the Dissertation Evaluation of the Dissertation Thesis Seminar Thesis Research Publications Starting Postdoctoral Positions D. Master's Degrees 2 REGISTRATION A. General Information B. Foreign Student Registration C. In Absentia Registration D. Leave of Absence E. Residence Requirement, 6 Year Limit F. Vacation Policy TUITION & FINANCIAL AID A. Tuition B. Financial Aid Sources of Support & Taxation USPHS National Research Service Awards External Fellowships University Fellowships Research Assistantships How Stipend Checks Are Paid Loans OTHER INFORMATION OF INTEREST A. Graduate Program Steering Committee B. Grievance Procedures C. Conduct of Research D.1 Graduate Student Policies D.2 Graduate Student Representation E. Science Education Outreach Program F. McDougal Graduate Student Center G. Yale Health Plan H. Security I. Photo ID/Composite Student Picture J. Keys and ID Access K. Student Parking L. E-mail M. Photocopying N. Mail APPENDICES Appendix 1: Qualifying Examination Appendix 2: Calendar for Academic Year 2019-2020 Appendix 3: The Dissertation Prospectus Appendix 4: Course Schedule – Annually Offered Courses 2019-2020 3 DIRECTORY A. MICROBIOLOGY GRADUATE PROGRAM FACULTY NAME Department Office Contact Information Murat Acar Assistant Professor of WC ISTC 122 [email protected] Molecular, Cellular, and 203.737.3255 Developmental Biology and of Physics Serap Aksoy Professor of Epidemiology LEPH 626 [email protected] (Microbial Diseases) 203.737.2180 Susan Baserga Professor of Molecular SHM C114A [email protected] Biophysics and Biochemistry, 203-785-4618 of Genetics and of Therapeutic Radiology Choukri Ben Mamoun Associate Professor of Medicine WWW 403D [email protected] (Infectious Diseases) and of 203.737.1972 Microbial Pathogenesis Richard Bucala Professor of Medicine TAC S411 [email protected] 203.785.2453 (Rheumatology), of Epidemiology (Microbial Diseases) and of Pathology Michael Cappello Professor of Pediatrics 464 Congress [email protected] 203.737.4320 (Infectious Disease), of Ave, Room 203 Epidemiology (Microbial Diseases) and of Microbial Pathogenesis; Chair, Council on African Studies, Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies; co-Director, Yale Africa Initiative Yung-Chi Cheng Henry Bronson Professor of SHM B226A [email protected] Pharmacology; Chairman, 203.785.7118 Consortium for the Globalization of Chinese Medicine Jason Crawford Assistant Professor of WC ABC 321C [email protected] Chemistry and of Microbial 203.737.3966 Pathogenesis Peter Cresswell Eugene Higgins Professor of TAC S669A [email protected] Immunobiology and Professor 203.785.5176 of Cell Biology Charles Dela Cruz Associate Professor of TAC S441 [email protected] Medicine (Pulmonary, Critical 203.785.3627 Care and Sleep Medicine) and of Microbial Pathogenesis; Director, Center for Pulmonary Infection Research and Treatment (CPIRT) 4 Daniel DiMaio Waldemar Von Zedtwitz SHM I-141B [email protected] Professor of Genetics and 203.785.2684 Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and of Therapeutic Radiology; Deputy Director, Yale Cancer Center Thierry Emonet Associate Professor of KBT 1049 [email protected] Molecular, Cellular, and 203.432.3516 Developmental Biology and of Physics Waldemar Von Zedtwitz TAC S525A [email protected] Erol Fikrig Professor of Medicine 203.785.4140 (Infectious Diseases) and Professor of Epidemiology (Microbial Diseases) and of Microbial Pathogenesis; Section Chief, Infectious Diseases Richard Flavell Sterling Professor of TAC 569A [email protected] Immunobiology; Investigator, 203.737-2216 Howard Hughes Medical Institute Ellen F Foxman Assistant Professor of CB 440A [email protected] Laboratory Medicine and 203.785.4153 Immunobiology Jorge Galán Lucille P. Markey Professor of BCMM 336A jorge.galá[email protected] Microbial Pathogenesis and 203.737.2404 Professor of Cell Biology; Chair, Department of Microbial Pathogenesis Andrew Goodman Associate Professor of WC ABC 321C [email protected] Microbial Pathogenesis 203.737.3170 Eduardo Groisman Waldemar Von Zedtwitz BCMM 354D [email protected] 203.737.7940 Professor of Microbial Pathogenesis Stavroula Hatzios Assistant Professor of WC ABC 207A [email protected] Molecular, Cellular and 203.737.8121 Developmental Biology Ya-Chi Ho Assistant Professor of BCMM 354E [email protected] Microbial Pathogenesis 203.785.4052 Farren Isaacs Assistant Professor of KBT 802 [email protected] Molecular, Cellular, and 203.737.3093 Developmental Biology Akiko Iwasaki Professor of Immunobiology TAC S655B [email protected] and of Molecular, Cellular, and 203.785.2919 Developmental Biology; Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Barbara Kazmierczak Associate Professor of TAC S169B [email protected] Medicine (Infectious Diseases) 203.737.5062 and of Microbial Pathogenesis; Director, MD-PhD Program 5 Albert Icksang Ko Professor of Epidemiology LEPH 319B [email protected] (Microbial Diseases) and of 203.785.6269 Medicine (Infectious Diseases); Department Chair - Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases Priti Kumar Associate Professor of WWW 403A [email protected] Infectious Diseases and 203.737.3580 Microbial Pathogenesis Brett Lindenbach Associate Professor of BCMM 354C [email protected] Microbial Pathogenesis 203.785.4705 Jun Liu Associate Professor of WC ABC 211 [email protected] Microbial Pathogenesis John MacMicking Associate Professor of WC ISTC 341 [email protected] Microbial Pathogenesis and of 203.737.1570 Immunobiology; Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale Systems Biology Institute Ruslan Medzhitov Sterling Professor of TAC S669 [email protected] Immunobiology; Investigator, 203.785.7541 Howard Hughes Medical Institute I. George Miller, Jr. John F. Enders Professor of LSOG 420 [email protected] Pediatrics (Infectious Disease) 203.785.4758 and Professor of Epidemiology (Microbial Diseases) and of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry; Section Chief, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Kathryn Miller-Jensen Associate Professor of MEC 311 [email protected] Biomedical Engineering and 203.432.4265 Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Walther Mothes Professor of Microbial BCMM 336C [email protected] Pathogenesis 203.737.2203 Noah Palm Assistant Professor of ASB 131A [email protected] Immunobiology 203.785.6290 Melinda Pettigrew Professor of Epidemiology LEPH 720 [email protected] (Microbial Diseases); Senior 203.737.7667 Associate Dean for Academic Affairs Hesper Rego Assistant Professor of BCMM [email protected] Microbial Pathogenesis 336D/339 203.737.4664 Carla Rothlin Associate Professor of TAC S625A [email protected] 203.737.4679 Immunobiology and Pharmacology 6 Craig R. Roy Waldemar Von Zedtwitz BCMM 354B [email protected] Professor of Microbial 203.737.2408 Pathogenesis and Professor of Immunobiology; Vice-Chair, Department of Microbial Pathogenesis Christian Schlieker Associate Professor of BASS 236A [email protected] Molecular Biophysics and 203.432.5035 Biochemistry and of Cell Biology Dieter Söll Sterling Professor of Molecular BASS 238A [email protected] Biophysics and Biochemistry 203.432.6200 and Professor of Chemistry Richard Sutton Associate Professor of Internal WWW 403B [email protected] Medicine (Infectious Diseases) 203.737.3648 Jeffrey Townsend Associate Professor of Public 135 College St [email protected] Health (Biostatistics) and of 222 203.737.7042 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Director of Bioinformatics, Yale Center for Analytical Sciences Christian Tschudi John Rodman Paul Professor of BCMM 136C [email protected] Epidemiology (Microbial 203.785.7332 Diseases); Director of Graduate Studies Paul Turner Professor of Ecology and OML 327B [email protected] Evolutionary Biology 203.432.5918 Craig Wilen Assistant Professor in Clinic Building [email protected] Laboratory Medicine and 407A 203.737.1529 Immunobiology Yong Xiong Associate Professor of BASS 434A [email protected] Molecular Biophysics and 203.436.2608 Biochemistry 7 B. MICROBIOLOGY GRADUATE PROGRAM STUDENTS AND OFFICES PhD students Student Year Lab/Mentor/Department Yale Address Telephone Number Andrews, Jenna 1 Lab rotations Bishai, Jason 1 Lab rotations Buckley, Patrick 1 Lab rotations Chan, Clarissa 1 Lab rotations Hunt, Rachelle 1 Lab rotations Ramsey, Kristen 1 Lab rotations Rocha,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Editorial Note on Medical Microbiology & Diagnosis – Clinical
    Manuscript no.- JMMD-2021-5 Article type- Editorial Received date- 20-01-2021 Accepted- 20-01-2021 Publish date-23-01-2021 Editorial Note on Medical Microbiology & Diagnosis – Clinical Microbial Pathology Tirpude RJ Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences Address for Correspondence: Tirpude RJ, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi - 110054, India. Tel-9869217101, E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Clinical pathology is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on laboratory analysis of body fluids like urine and blood. It deals with the tools of microbiology like macroscopic, microscopic, analyzers and cultures. It covers microbiology, host-pathogen interaction and immunology related to infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. It also accepts papers in the field of clinical microbiology, with the exception of case reports. The pathogenesis of a disease is the biological mechanism that leads to the diseased state. It also describes the origin and development of the disease, and whether it is acute, chronic, or recurrent. Medical microbiology involves the identification of microorganisms for the diagnosis of infectious diseases and the assessment of likely response to specific therapeutic interventions. Major categories of organisms include bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Microbiological methods combined with clinical symptoms, additional laboratory tests, and imaging techniques are used in combination to distinguish a true disease- associated infection from colonization with normal flora or other conditions, such as malignancies, inflammatory disorders, or autoimmune disorders, all of which have unique therapies and prognoses for the patient. Laboratories combine the use of traditional microscopy and culture methods, with a rapidly evolving set of molecular and proteomic techniques.
    [Show full text]
  • Anika Anthony, Associate Dean of Academic Affairs, Graduate School
    TO: Randy Smith, Vice Provost for Academic Programs FROM: Anika Anthony, Associate Dean of Academic Affairs, Graduate School DATE: January 21,2021 RE: Proposal for a new Master of Science in Immunology ad Microbial Pathogenesis, College of Medicine The College of Medicine is proposing a new Master of Science in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis. The proposal was received by the Graduate School on November 6, 2020. The combined GS/CAA subcommittee first reviewed the proposal on November 17, 2020 and requested revisions. Revisions were received on December 2, 2020. GS/CAA conducted a second review of the proposal and recommended it for approval by the Graduate Council on December 9. The proposal was approved by the Graduate Council on January 11, 2021. Mark E. Drew Assistant Professor Director of Graduate Education Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity OSU College of Medicine December 2, 2020 GS/CAA curricular subcommittee Ohio State University Re: Master of Science (MS) in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Dear Members of the Subcommittee, Thank you for your kind and positive review of our proposal to offer a new Master of Science in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis program at OSU. Your comments and suggestions were extremely helpful in refining the proposal. Specifically, in response to your comments, we have made the following changes: 1. “Clarity on which courses are new vs. those that are already existing.” Page 34 of the proposal now includes brief descriptions of the three courses under development to support this program in our expectation of its approval. The complete syllabi are being developed by four key program faculty (Drew, Deora, Root, Novias) with planned entry into the new course portal on or before January 1, 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbiology (MICROB) 1
    Microbiology (MICROB) 1 Credit Hours: 3 Microbiology (MICROB) Recommended: MICROB 3200 or BIOCHM 4270 or MICROB 2800 MICROB 2800: Microbiology for Nursing and Health Professions MICROB 7101: Structure and Synthesis of Macro Molecules This course will provide basic principles for understanding microbial This multiple-instructor course is designed to provide students with growth, function, and control. This includes a survey of microbial cellular a detailed understanding of the structure, function, and biophysical structure/functions, immunology concepts, epidemiology, specimen properties of bio-molecules. Principles and techniques of molecular handling, and causes of microbial disease (bacterial, viral, and parasitic). biology related to the study of recombinant DNA and genetic analysis, Material is presented in lecture and corresponding laboratory exercises protein structure, function and basic immunological principles will be that will allow students to explore the microbial world around them. covered. Admission is dependent on approval by course director. Credit Hours: 4 Credit Hours: 2 Prerequisites: The overall content is "restricted to Freshman and Prerequisites: consent required sophomore Nursing and Health Related Professional students only". Other inquires contact department MICROB 8050: Graduate Student Survival Skills This course is an introduction to inform new graduate students about the MICROB 3200: Medical Microbiology and Immunology Microbiology program and provide them with the knowledge to access Focus on medically important viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites resources and information needed for a successful transition into their with emphasis on their disease causing potential and mechanisms. course work and research. The course will also focus on guidelines Introduction to cells and molecules of the immune system with emphasis in selecting mentors and their relationships, time management, good on their role in fighting infectious diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology
    Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER Doctor of Philosophy in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Goals and Objectives The major objective of graduate education in the Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program is research training. To achieve this purpose, students are grounded with a strong foundation in basic concepts of microbiology, microbial pathogenesis, and immunology and allowed flexibility in choosing advanced coursework in their specific areas of interest. A major emphasis of the advanced coursework in the graduate program is extensive laboratory research in a specific area of immunology or microbial pathogenesis. Each student will complete an original, in-depth research investigation and document that investigation in the form of a written dissertation. The overall educational objective of the program is to produce doctoral students capable of designing, performing, and directing independent research in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis as well as teach at the highest academic levels. The mission of West Virginia University and the Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis is to provide excellence in education, research, and service to the State of West Virginia. The cornerstone to achieving this mission is a sustained research program that is internationally recognized as contributing to state-of-the-art knowledge in each of the sub disciplines of the program. This research expands knowledge necessary to provide new state-of-the-art treatments for our patients, develops in our students the knowledge base and skills necessary to mature to become independent investigators, and allows our faculty to contribute to the overall service mission of the university.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammalian Neuropeptides As Modulators of Microbial Infections: Their Dual Role in Defense Versus Virulence and Pathogenesis
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Mammalian Neuropeptides as Modulators of Microbial Infections: Their Dual Role in Defense versus Virulence and Pathogenesis Daria Augustyniak 1,* , Eliza Kramarska 1,2, Paweł Mackiewicz 3, Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz 4 and Fionnuala T. Lundy 5 1 Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] 2 Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80134 Napoli, Italy 3 Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; pamac@smorfland.uni.wroc.pl 4 Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] 5 Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-71-375-6296 Abstract: The regulation of infection and inflammation by a variety of host peptides may represent an evolutionary failsafe in terms of functional degeneracy and it emphasizes the significance of host defense in survival. Neuropeptides have been demonstrated to have similar antimicrobial activities to conventional antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum action against a variety of microorganisms. Citation: Augustyniak, D.; Neuropeptides display indirect anti-infective capacity via
    [Show full text]
  • Virulence Factors and Their Mechanisms of Action: the View from a Damage–Response Framework Arturo Casadevall and Liise-Anne Pirofski
    S2 Q IWA Publishing 2009 Journal of Water and Health | 07.S1 | 2009 Virulence factors and their mechanisms of action: the view from a damage–response framework Arturo Casadevall and Liise-anne Pirofski ABSTRACT The virulence factor concept has been a powerful engine in driving research and the intellectual Arturo Casadevall (corresponding author) Liise-anne Pirofski flow in the fields of microbial pathogenesis and infectious diseases. This review analyzes Division of Infectious Diseases, virulence factors from the viewpoint of the damage–response framework of microbial Department of Medicine and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology of the Albert pathogenesis, which defines virulence factor as microbial components that can damage a Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, susceptible host. At a practical level, the finding that effective immune responses often target Bronx NY 10461, USA virulence factors provides a roadmap for future vaccine design. However, there are significant Tel.: +1 718 430 2215 limitations to this concept, which are rooted in the inability to define virulence and virulence Fax: +1 718 430 8968 E-mail: [email protected] factors in the absence of host factors and the host response. In fact, this concept appears to work best for certain types of bacterial pathogens, being less well suited for viruses and commensal organisms with pathogenic potential. Key words | damage–response framework, microbe, pathogen, pathogenicity, virulence, virulence factor INTRODUCTION The idea that pathogenic microbes are endowed with understanding of microbial virulence. In this paper, we certain components that confer upon them the capacity review the historical context for the emergence of the for virulence is the central theme of the virulence factor virulence factor concept and then consider it from concept.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Pathogenesis Rafael Rotger2
    INTERNATL MICROBIOL (1999) 2:131–132 131 © Springer-Verlag Ibérica 1999 EDITORIAL José A. Vázquez-Boland1 Mónica Suárez1 Microbial pathogenesis Rafael Rotger2 1Molecular Bacterial Pathogenesis Group, Department of Animal Pathology I, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain Correspondence to: José A. Vázquez-Boland. Molecular Bacterial Pathogenesis Group. Department of Animal Pathology I. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Complutense University of Madrid. 28040 Madrid. Spain. Tel.: +34-913943704. Fax: +34-913943908. E-mail: [email protected] The last two decades of the nineteenth century marked a period unable to predict any function for some 30% of the putative genes of true revolution, in which the foundations were laid for the present in the sequenced genomes, which shows that we are still development of microbiology as a scientific and medical discipline. far from understanding, in functional terms, many aspects of the It was during these years that most of the major bacterial agents biology of microorganisms. Clearly, the years to come will define of infection known today were discovered. Deadly bacteria such a post-genomic era in which emphasis will be placed on the as pneumococci and meningococci, and the agents of typhoid development of instruments and technologies for the systematic fever, cholera, tuberculosis, tetanus, gas gangrene, bacillary functional analysis of the overwhelming mass of genetic dysentery and plague, were all isolated between 1880 and 1898. information that will be available for study and exploitation. If we consider that only a few years before Louis Pasteur had The introduction of DNA techniques into the study of proved that the theory of spontaneous generation was incorrect pathogenic microorganisms opened the way to the molecular (1860), and that Robert Koch, in his studies of anthrax in cattle analysis of virulence.
    [Show full text]
  • Autophagy and Microbial Pathogenesis
    Cell Death & Differentiation (2020) 27:872–886 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-019-0481-8 REVIEW ARTICLE Autophagy and microbial pathogenesis 1,2 2 1,2,3 Matthew D. Keller ● Victor J. Torres ● Ken Cadwell Received: 12 October 2019 / Revised: 4 December 2019 / Accepted: 6 December 2019 / Published online: 2 January 2020 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to ADMC Associazione Differenziamento e Morte Cellulare 2020 Abstract Autophagy is a cell biological process that promotes resilience in the face of environmental perturbations. Given that infectious agents represent a major type of environmental threat, it follows that the autophagy pathway is central to the outcome of host–microbe interactions. Detailed molecular studies have revealed intricate ways in which autophagy suppresses or enhances the fitness of infectious agents, particularly intracellular pathogens such as viruses that require the host cell machinery for replication. Findings in animal models have reinforced the importance of these events that occur within individual cells and have extended the role of autophagy to extracellular microbes and immunity at the whole organism level. These functions impact adaptation to bacteria that are part of the gut microbiota, which has implications for the etiology of chronic disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. Despite major advances in how autophagy regulates inflammatory reactions toward microbes, many challenges remain, including distinguishing autophagy from closely related pathways such as LC3-associated phagocytosis. Here, we review 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: the role of autophagy in microbial pathogenesis at the level of organismal biology. In addition to providing an overview of the prominent function of autophagy proteins in host–microbe interactions, we highlight how observations at the cellular level are informing pathogenesis studies and offer our perspective on the future directions of the field.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Infectiveness and How Is It Involved in Infection and Immunity? Liise-Anne Pirofski1,2* and Arturo Casadevall2
    Pirofski and Casadevall BMC Immunology (2015) 16:13 DOI 10.1186/s12865-015-0076-1 REVIEW Open Access What is infectiveness and how is it involved in infection and immunity? Liise-anne Pirofski1,2* and Arturo Casadevall2 Abstract Proof of the Germ theory of disease and acceptance of Koch’s postulates in the late 1890’s launched the fields of microbial pathogenesis and infectious diseases and provided the conceptual framework that has guided thought and research in these fields. A central tenet that emerged from studies with microbes that fulfilled Koch’s postulates was that microbes that caused disease had characteristics that allowed them to do so, with the corollary that microbes that did not cause disease lacked disease-causing determinants. This observation, which held true for many diseases that were known to cause disease in the late 19th century, such as toxin-producing and encapsulated bacteria, led to the view that the ability to cause disease rested with microbes and reflected the activity of specific determinants, or virulence factors. With the dawn of the 20th century, efforts to neutralize virulence factors were under development and ultimately translated into anti-microbial therapy in the form of antibodies targeted to toxins and polysaccharide capsules. However, the 20th century progressed, antibiotics were identified and developed as therapy for infectious diseases while other medical advances, such as specialized surgeries, intensive care units, intravenous catheters, and cytotoxic chemotherapy became commonplace in resourced nations. An unintended consequence of many of these advances was that they resulted in immune impairment. Similarly, HIV/AIDS, which emerged in the late 1970’s also produced profound immune impairment.
    [Show full text]
  • Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine (V MPM) 1
    Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine (V MPM) 1 V MPM 388: Public Health and the Role of the Veterinary Profession VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY (3-0) Cr. 3. S. AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Prereq: Second-year classification in veterinary medicine Fundamental epidemiology, zoonotic diseases, occupational health, food (V MPM) safety, other public health topics. Any experimental courses offered by V MPM can be found at: V MPM 390: Topics in Veterinary History registrar.iastate.edu/faculty-staff/courses/explistings/ (http:// (1-0) Cr. 1. F.S. www.registrar.iastate.edu/faculty-staff/courses/explistings/) An overview of the history of veterinary medicine focused primarily on disease-specific events. A review of the historical aspects of the Courses primarily for professional curriculum students: veterinary profession's accomplishments in the discovery of the V MPM 360: Global Health etiological origins of disease and their subsequent control will provide (Cross-listed with GLOBE, MICRO). (3-0) Cr. 3. F. students with insights that are applicable to understanding and solving Prereq: BIOL 211 today's animal and human health challenges. Explores human health across the world with particular emphasis V MPM 428: Principles of Epidemiology and Population Health on low- and lower-middle-income countries. Attention is given to the (Dual-listed with V MPM 528). (Cross-listed with MICRO, VDPAM). (3-0) Cr. interconnectedness of health determinants, problems, and solutions 3. S. found in global health, including the role of animals and the environment. Epidemiology of disease in populations. Disease causality, observational Broad in scope, highlighting different cultures and the historical study design and approaches to epidemiologic investigations.
    [Show full text]
  • The State of Latency in Microbial Pathogenesis
    The Journal of Clinical Investigation REVIEW SERIES: LATENCY IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE Series Editor: Arturo Casadevall The state of latency in microbial pathogenesis Liise-anne Pirofski1 and Arturo Casadevall2 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA. 2Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The state of latency occurs when a microbe’s persistence in a host produces host damage without perturbing homeostasis sufficiently to cause clinical symptoms or disease. The mechanisms contributing to latency are diverse and depend on the nature of both the microbe and the host. Latency has advantages for both host and microbe. The host avoids progressive damage caused by interaction with the microbe that may translate into disease, and the microbe secures a stable niche in which to survive. Latency is clinically important because some latent microbes can be transmitted to other hosts, and it is associated with a risk for recrudescent microbial growth and development of disease. In addition, it can predispose the host to other diseases, such as malignancies. Hence, latency is a temporally unstable state with an eventual outcome that mainly depends on host immunity. Latency is an integral part of the pathogenic strategies of microbes that require human (and/ or mammalian) hosts, including herpesviruses, retroviruses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Toxoplasma gondii. However, latency is also an outcome of infection with environmental organisms such as Cryptococcus neoformans, which require no host in their replicative cycles. For most microbes that achieve latency, there is a need for a better understanding and more investigation of host and microbial mechanisms that result in this state.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1. Bacteria: Pathogenicity Factors
    I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS – 27 Chapter 1. Bacteria: Pathogenicity factors This chapter provides guidance on topics and issues relevant to the risk/safety assessment of commercial environmental applications involving genetically engineered micro-organisms, especially bacteria. It explores the important aspects in bacteria for causing adverse human health effects, and how this knowledge can be used in biosafety regulatory assessment. It contains information on bacterial pathogenicity (general considerations, factors and determinants, genetics and molecular biology), and also elements on assessing potential for bacteria-mediated adverse human health effects. The chapter was prepared by the OECD Working Group on the Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology, Sub-working Group on Micro-organisms, with the Netherlands and Canada having served as lead countries. It was initially issued in September 2011. SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF TRANSGENIC ORGANISMS: OECD CONSENSUS DOCUMENTS, VOLUME 5 © OECD 2016 28 – I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS General considerations for bacterial pathogenicity This chapter provides guidance on the concept of bacterial pathogenicity in the context of risk/safety assessment of deliberate release of “genetically engineered”, or “genetically modified”,1 micro-organisms intended for commercial environmental applications (e.g. bioremediation, biosensors, biofertilisers, biopesticides, biomining, biomass conversion or oil recovery). It is limited in scope to bacteria that may exhibit properties pathogenic to human beings. Not included in the scope are environmental releases of known (potential) pathogens, e.g. vaccine strains. The chapter explores the factors that are important in bacteria for causing adverse human health effects and assesses how this knowledge can be used in risk/safety assessment of environmental applications of bacteria.
    [Show full text]