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Dobrogea Lui Burebista

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Dobrogea Lui Burebista A. RADULE5CU DOBROGEA LUI BUREBISTA Din s'ucce$liunea evenoimentel'or listorice silJ ravechi o'l e popor1ul'Ui ro~ man, se deta~eaza un numar respectalJil de fapte ~i impliniri care prin semnifica~ia lor pot Ii considerate co adevarate capitole ale epopeii na\io­ nale. Unul, de importan\a covir~itaare, este leg at de inchegarea, pentru prima can;', a lU-n'ui m:are ~i puternic stat geta-doc, s'ub cQ1nduoe:rea ~egellu.i Burebista. Izvaorele vremii, literore, epigrafice, arheologice ~i numismatice. 1050 ~tiri pre\ioase des pre pe'fson1al-itatea cellui pe cme-I evocam. $'i, co so conturam mai bine omul ~i opena sa, este s'unioieint so oitom 0 frazo din renumitul decret onorific in aimteo I,ui Acmnion din Dionysopo!i·s de 1'0 mijlocul sec. I i.e.n. oare n'i-I r",leva pe B-urehis'lia 00 pe un'ull C'Ore "a deve­ nit cel mai mare dintre regii din Thracia ~i stapinul intregii tori de dincolo $i dincoace de fluviu (DunCirea, n.n.). Pornim tocmai de 10 acest scurt citat care, coroborat cu alte izvoare arheologice ale vrem'i,i, ne face so deslu~im mai clar locul pe care regiunea dintre Dunarea de jos ~i More I-a acupat in puternlica alcatuire statala creata pe teliitoriul ro_du:al 01 patni'ei nO'O'51:118 1i!n sec. I L·e.n . C re'at in jurul on'ului 70 Lem., in urm:a u:nei dezvo:lltari 50'0ilole, econo­ mice ~i pollitice propliii sooietatii ojunsa in foZlo demooJ1otie'j milirtorre, statui doc i~i va i.ntin'de fruntoriile din Corpa\ii Inordici pina ,10 Mun\ii Balcalni'ci - Haemus - ~i din Cadrilate,ul Boemic pi na 10 \a.rmU'1 Ponot ului Eu xi'n (Ma,rea NeagroL Bu rebista a format nu numoi un mare stat in structura co'rui'a introu neamurile doco-getice diln aria co rp:ato-dUlna're:alno, d ~i un puter­ nic bastion de m'ore rezis1:e:nta contra oeltilor in vest ~i a foman'j,lar iln sud - ultimJjlj amenintind tot mali ilns·ist'ent linia Duna l J1~i. Telurile politice ale Romei vizau cucerirea ter,itoriului dintre Dunarea de jos -?i Mare, teem'ali din Ca-UZLQ avantajelor economice ~i strotegice pe care ocesto Ie avec. De oceea 5-0 produs aeel mare atDe 01 romanilor, din anul 72-71 i.e.n., pe ccasta de apus a PO'nttului Euxi'n, de sub CO<1- ducerea lui M. Terentius Luculfus Varro, in ur:m:a CCN1Utiio olia '~ele greoe~tj oore fii'n\au de veacuri, int,e care sint de ami'n!it Hi·st,ia, Tomis ~i Callali's 6" A. RADULESCU au fost vremelnic s,upuse. Acti-vitateo lor tradi\iO'n~la este perturbata ; nici vecinili ge\i, carara Ii se ada'uga bastO'mii din nardul guriloT DUlnarii, nu puteau 'admite prez"'n~ gomizO'a·nelor ramane pe \0"rr1tl.r1 monii, in aca~ele cotre care ii indreptasera din tatdeauna interesele lor econamice. La in­ demnul greci!or ~i in alianta cu ei. getii ~i bastarnili se vor roscula in anu! 62/61 i.e.n., amploarea evenimenrului fi;·nd iluslfiato de faptul co RamO' trimite contra ,lor forte mil,itare insemn'ate. N'umai co a'ceste forte aveau 10 camonda pe verasul ~i di·soreditotull gu-vepnatorO'-1 -Macedaniei, C. Antonius Hybrida, aile earui opma.!e sint striv_ite de ra!seuila\i .. in preajmooeto~i ' i his­ trien-illar" 1, ior steaguri!e ea'P,ulrote duse in ,retateo dabrageano Genuc/O'. Poe buna dreptate ~i-o pus ·inoreb""rea Valsille po·rya n "on ale sale Gelice, p_ 78, aparuta in urma cu 50 de ani, .. daca nu insu~i Burebista va fi fost comalndontu l ce1::elor geto-ha:starne care au sfa,rimat pe Antonilus luindu-.i ste-agurile". o mai otenta an'al izQ a ~a ' ptelor diln olnul 62/61 iiem., nu nlumai co i.ndrepta\e~te intrebarea lui ,Po rva'n , do" se pare co, i canfirrma chiar ras­ punsul pozitiv. Straban insu~i relateazo in a so Geographia 2, accesiunea fulgera,toarre a lui BiUirebista, 0'1 carui territapilu stat<ll I-o:m ami;ntit ~i despre care 'inscriptio dionysopolitana precizeazQ co stopinea intreaga tara "de dincolo ~i de dincoace de fluviu". f.n\elegeam, a~adar, co pa\i·une.a prezen\ei suveronului daco-get 10 Histri,o insemna nu numai Q,lungarea penicolul,u.i roma,n ci ~i oparolrea ter,i­ toriilo.rsale de .. dincoe'ce de fluviu". $i, nu 10 multo vreme dupo aceea, i,ntre ani,i 55-48 ·i.em. el deolan;;e'azo un alae asupra ora;;elor pan1ice, i.n urm'a caruilO 0 int reaga suito de or, a~e este integrato proteatora;tul,ui sou. Inso~i'P\iile aduc ~tini imp~esio_ na l nte despre consecin\ele ot aou·llU.i. Un doou­ ment epigrafic din Messembri<a men1io'neaza nume,le la trei stl10tegi aare s-.au Iremarcot in luptele ou Burebista ; de 10 Odes sos, un dooument s.iml­ lor releva starea locuitorilor care se intorceau din pribeg,ie: dar de 10 Histria praviln documente core illUStreazo rea ! l l i~o\i a-Ie ev,mi'menbului de 10 mijlocu'l sec. I. i.e.n .• deoretul ion dnstea lu AJri'sta-g orQos ful lui Apa~ur;os, din carre se in\elege co .idunile or{J~ului o'u fost distnuse, benitor·iul ruml ooup,at ia.r cetaten'ii fo'ou1i prizoni'eri a,u fost rasoumpo'rati C'u balni. Ni se rei eva apoi stra'dani'a celui onoret de a indrepta aceste -u.rmori nefaste a-Ie rozboiului. Un album din aceea;;i localitate, in;;iruie numele unor ceto!en; care au depus efort,uri pe'ntnu ,refo'cere'O ora~ -ului. D,a,r aspectul istol1ic ce se de'S­ pri-nde din ac\i,unea pontico 10 regelui daco-get, n'u se leaga atit de zu­ grav-irea campaniei militare, cit in spedial. de mobilul intreprinderii sale razboi,nice. Suvera'nul daco--ge<t, pentoru <l - ~i consalido puterea 10 \ormul mori-i, proeedeaza '1.0 oucenireo oro~el 'or -grece;;ti dejucind pla,nunile Romei de expans,june j,n 'a'ceasta zona. Astlel, gra,nila de-a liungul Ba'iean-ilor - oo"e-I oducea in vecinotatea rOf11anilor macinati de rozbo'Oiele dvile dintre Ce~(1Ir ~i Pompe,j, Burebista 1 Di'o Cassius, XXXVIII, 10 ; ll, 26. 2 Stmbon, Geographia, VII, 3. 4. DOBROGEA LUI BUREBISTA 67 fii,nd de pa'rtea celui de al doi-Iea - $i pe latrmul vest-pontk, definesc perfect po~ilia strolegica a frontului -antiromain 01 daco-gelilor. AC\hrneta suveronu'lu-i dintre oni-i 55-48 ,i.e.n.a avut drept scop cuce­ rirea ~i instit,uirea protectorotutui sau num'o'j asupro o. ra~elor grece~ti. Res­ tul teritoniullUi dobroge:on, - co sa ne I,imitam r.efe l'i i,ntele numoi 1'0 ocest spaliu - dintre teritoriile rurale ale greoilor ~i Dunare, constituia demult poses-june geti'ca - poate chiolf de 10 co.n:sN't'ukea regat,ul,Uli daco-get. Pop:u­ lalit] de aki i~i de paino viola in condiliile normclle, ceea ce Se reflecta in vestigiile arhe<>ll'ogice din a'ceo vreme. De~i nu $ '"1 Q'U executat sopaturi sistematice, integrate unui plan temo,tic in caire sa primeze elementul etnic getie atit de ,impontant pe:ntr.u etnoge ne '~a ifomo,neosco, totu~i descoperi-rj aoozian'ale ~i une'l'e sondaje vj,n sa conHrme co sodetatea di:n acest spatiu geo9'rafic 0 Qltins in acee vreme un inalt nivel de oivil,itatie, refleetat in lielatiile comercia:le cu dadi s-au in me~te~' ugul cenamic. Oetii ~i grecii intretine:ou stravechi legaturi comerciole, ceea ce a facut co de timpuriu monedele batute in atelierele de 10 Histria, Tomis .i Gall-a1li,s so patl'1und6 pina departe in mediul olutohton. P~ rodusele artizo­ na-Ie di'n col'onili ori ren'umitele v,in'uni ~i ulei'uri de mc].s,\lilne g ' rece~ti, for~ mau obiectuJ unui intens cornert cu aristocratia tribola getica, marturia cOlnstituind-'O \n-umero:a;seJe loturi de amfore. int,re oare primeaz6 cele de t ip Sinope, din sec. I. i.-em. ; gelii in~i~i deprinsesera di,n timpuri imemo,iole me~te-?ugul ceramic, exemplele de vase pe oalre Ie vom preze:·nta fii\nd con­ cludente : 0 frumo'osa st,rochi!na. au huza mutt eVcQzat6 ~i 0 cono cu sHu eta ina Ita ?i ornamentato cu I,; ,n'ii lusTIrui;te, ,ambele descoperite 1'0 RlQIsova pe malul Dunarii. Lor Ii se adauga a mare cantitate de frog mente ceramice go site in cursul a mai multi ani de sopaturi 10 Histria ~i recent un intere­ sant recipient d in pasta poroasa-mata, gas i ~ in sapa.turile de 10 Enisala (Jud. Tulcec.). In 1963, cu ooaLi.o 'unor sond<lje executate 10 Hir~ovo, anti­ cui Co,rsium, au apanut de IQsemene·a frngmente celiomice elelnistice -?i getice, intre C<)lre un opait I'ucrot 10 roato, ceea 'ce o:r cQlnfirmo ipotez,o ma,i veche a I.u: Vosile Porvoln ca ocala '0 exisbat mai de mu-It 0 a~ew,e getica, i nta rita .
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