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Jimma Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study

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Jimma Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study Jimma Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................... i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ i 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 Public Disclosure Authorized 1.1 Background to the Project ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives of the Project ............................................................................................. 2 1.3 Objectives and Scope of the ESIA Study .................................................................... 2 1.4 The ESIA Study Team ................................................................................................ 3 1.5 Structure of the ESIA Report ...................................................................................... 3 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project ............................................................... 5 2.2 Jimma Water Supply and Sanitation Project ............................................................... 6 2.2.1 Project Location and General Description ........................................................... 6 2.2.2 Main Sub-Project Components ............................................................................ 6 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .................................... 10 3.1 National Policies and Strategies ................................................................................ 10 3.1.1 The Constitution of FDRE ................................................................................. 10 Public Disclosure Authorized 3.1.2 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia ...................................................................... 10 3.1.3 Sectoral policies ................................................................................................. 11 3.1.4 Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia ..................................................................... 13 3.2 ESMF and RPF Requirements .................................................................................. 13 3.2.1 ESMF Requirements .......................................................................................... 14 3.2.2 RPF Requirements ............................................................................................. 14 3.3 The World Bank Safeguard Policies ......................................................................... 15 3.3.1 OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment (EA) ................................................... 15 3.3.2 OP/BP 4.04 Natural Habitats ............................................................................. 16 3.3.3 OP/BP 4.36 Forests ............................................................................................ 17 3.3.4 OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources .......................................................... 17 3.3.5 OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement ............................................................... 18 Public Disclosure Authorized 3.4 Environmental Framework Legislations ................................................................... 18 3.4.1 Proclamation on Institutional Arrangement for Environmental Protection ....... 18 3.4.2 Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment ........................................ 19 3.4.3 Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control............................................ 19 3.4.4 Proclamation on Ethiopian Water Resources Management ............................... 19 3.4.5 Proclamation on Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage ................... 19 3.4.6 Proclamation on Expropriation of Land Holdings and Payment of Compensation .................................................................................................................. 20 3.4.7 Proclamation on Rural Land Administration and Land Use .............................. 20 3.4.8 Proclamation on Development, Conservation and Utilization of Wildlife ........ 21 3.4.9 Proclamation on Forest Development, Conservation and Utilization ............... 21 3.4.10 Proclamation on Public Health .......................................................................... 21 3.4.11 Proclamation on Oromia Rural Land Administration and Use .......................... 22 3.4.12 Regulations on Payment of Compensation for Property Situated on Public Disclosure Authorized Landholdings Expropriated for Public Purposes ............................................................. 22 3.4.13 International Conventions and Protocols ........................................................... 22 3.5 Environmental Assessment Guidelines ..................................................................... 23 3.6 Administrative and Institutional Framework ............................................................ 24 3.6.1 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia .......................................................... 24 i Final ESIA Report January 2011 Jimma Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study 3.6.2 Oromia National Regional Government ............................................................ 24 3.6.3 Environmental Protection Authority .................................................................. 24 3.6.4 Sectoral Environmental Unit .............................................................................. 25 3.6.5 Regional Environmental Agencies .................................................................... 25 3.6.6 Ministry of Water Resources ............................................................................. 26 4 METHODOLOGY OF THE ESIA STUDY ................................................................... 27 4.1 General ...................................................................................................................... 27 4.2 Review of Policy and Legal Framework ................................................................... 27 4.3 Review of Previous Studies....................................................................................... 27 4.4 Field Surveys and Data Collection ............................................................................ 28 4.5 Public and Stakeholders Consultations ..................................................................... 29 4.6 Impact Prediction, Significance Analysis and Development of Mitigation Measures 29 5 DESCRIPTION OF BASELINE CONDITION .............................................................. 31 5.1 Physical Environment ............................................................................................... 31 5.1.1 Topography ........................................................................................................ 31 5.1.2 Climate ............................................................................................................... 31 5.1.3 Geology and Soils .............................................................................................. 31 5.1.4 Drainage and Water Resources .......................................................................... 31 5.1.5 Water Quality ..................................................................................................... 33 5.1.6 Land Use and Land Cover ................................................................................. 36 5.2 Biological Environment ............................................................................................ 37 5.2.1 Vegetation and Flora .......................................................................................... 37 5.2.2 Wildlife .............................................................................................................. 39 5.3 Human Environment ................................................................................................. 40 5.3.1 Demographic Features ....................................................................................... 40 5.3.2 Economy ............................................................................................................ 41 5.3.3 Education ........................................................................................................... 44 5.3.4 Public Health ...................................................................................................... 44 5.3.5 Water Supply ..................................................................................................... 45 5.3.6 Sanitation ........................................................................................................... 46 5.3.7 Cultural Heritage and Religious Sites ................................................................ 48 5.3.8 Infrastructures .................................................................................................... 49 5.3.9 Gender Issues ..................................................................................................... 49 6 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................ 51 6.1 Beneficial Impacts ....................................................................................................
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