Flyfisher Style Keokee Co. Publishing, Inc. P.O. Box 722 Sandpoint, ID 83864 208-263-3573

Al and Gretchen Beatty, Editors 11965 W. Reutzel Dr. Boise, ID 83709 [email protected] 208-362-2663

Primary References Merriam-Webster’s 11th Collegiate (see www.m-w.com) and Associated Press Stylebook for Flyfisher (the exceptions to AP Style are spelling out names of states when used with names of cities and spelling out months whether they are used alone or with dates). Writers are responsible for fact checking the spelling of names for people and places. Please do not unnecessarily type copy in all caps.

One Word or Two?

The following are written as one word:

Alderfly anytime (adverb meaning at any time whatever, as in “We can’t just go there anytime.”) backcast backcountry backwater baitfish bankside bendback (hook; but Bend-Back fly pattern) billfish BlackBerry bluefish bluewater (adjective, “bluewater angling”) boatmates bonefish bottomfish bluegill bronzeback bucktail bycatch (noun) caddisfly

calftail chalkstreams chironomidae chironomids (plural) (chironomid adults) cinderworm cleanup conehead cranefly crankbait crisscross cutthroat cyanoacrylate adhesive (or CA glue) damselfly deepwater dobsonfly downturned eye (but “turned-down” hook point) dragonfly driftboat drys (not dries as plural for dry flies) eddy (back eddy not correct) farmers market female (this is the preferred adjective, not woman) fishfinder Flexament (proper name of a fly tying head cement, as in Dave’s Flexament) flytier freestone freshwater (noun and adjective) freshwater fishing GPS (acceptable in all references to Global Positioning System) grassbed groundfish gunsmith gunsmithing gunwale handloader handsewn homebuyer homeowner homesite hookless (adjective, as in “hookless flies”) hookmaking hookup (noun) inshore instream jerkbait johnboat

knockoffs ladyfish landlocked (as in, landlocked salmon) largemouth lifelike livewell logjam macroinvertebrates madtoms mayfly mouthparts nonprofit (noun or adjective) offshore (adjective, as in “offshore fishing”) oligochaetes overharvest outfish panfish pickup (noun and adjective) pikeminnow (formerly squawfish) polychaetes pumpkinseed pushpole redd (spawning bed) redfish riseform riverbank riverbed roosterfish runoff RV (abbreviation for recreational vehicle, RVer, RVing) saltwater (adjective, as in “saltwater fish”) schlappen (type of rooster feather used in fly tying) seawater (noun) shellcrackers shorebound shoreline silverside (as in silverside minnow) smallmouth snagproof snowmelt sowbugs sportsman steelhead stillwater (adjective, as in “stillwater fly fishing”) stonefly streambed

streamflow superglue tailout tailwater topwater (adjective, as in “topwater lures”) tidewater upcurrent walleye warmwater (noun and adjective, as in “warmwater fishermen” and fishing in warmwater) weakfish weedbed whitewater (adjective, as in “whitewater rapids”) worldwide (adjective) ziplock (adjective, as in “sandwich in a ziplock plastic bag”)

The following are written as two words: any time (a particular time as in “Will any time work for you?”) arctic fox (tying material) bait well bead head (but bead-head fly) belly boat black fly blood worm blow fly blue water (as in, “We left the dock and cruised out to the blue water.”) bow hunting cold water (noun, as in “fishing in cold water”) deer hair depth finder depth sounder drift boat false cast fan cast fish body texture fish box fish finder flats boat fly casting fly fisherman fly fishing (noun and verb) fly line fly rod fly rodder fly rodding

fly tying (noun and verb) game fish grass beds gill nets hair wing (but hair-wing fly) hand tied (but hand-tied fly) hang up (verb, as in “hang up your coat”) Highway 49 hook set (noun) hook up (verb) hot spot lily pads mile marker pinch wraps pocket water rod maker rod making (but rod-making histories) rain bait roll cast salt water (noun, as in “fishing in salt water”) seam line sea trout shooting head shrimp boat size 6 fly Spey fishing spinner fall split shot (singular and plural) spoon fly sport fish sport fishing thread body 3X long tie in tip top (guide on end of rod) trim off Web site (capitalize Web, as it is derived from World Wide Web) weed guard wet wading (noun or verb) wing case wing pad(s)

Numbers Use numerals for weights, ages, sizes, measurements, etc. Otherwise spell out numbers below 10. 6-weight rod

9-foot rod 3X tippet three fish eight people

But spell out measures of time and distance under 10. drove four miles walked two hours

Hyphenation Use the punctuation guide found in the back of the AP Stylebook. The following are some instances in which hyphens should be used. Note that in many cases the hyphen serves to connect two (or more) words to form a modifier. bait-casting (noun and verb) bead-head; sometimes beadhead (adjective) [noun: bead head] Bend-Backs blind-casting [noun: blind cast] brand-new (adjective) blue-dun feather blue-ribbon water boot-foot waders bottom-fishing by-catch carry-on cast-netting catch-and-release fishing (or catch-and-release regulations) clear-cutting cold-water (adjective, as in “cold-water fly fishers”) commercial-fishing fleets dead-drift (as a verb) double-haul double-taper line down-and-across presentation; up-and-across …; etc. (adjective) down-locking reel seat drag-free drift drift-boaters drop-off dry-fly fishing; wet-fly fishing early-season fishing [sometimes] e-mail 8-, 10-, 12-pound-test line (see suspensive hyphenation in the AP Stylebook) fan-casting fast-sinking line; extra-fast-sinking line

fast-water run figure-eight wraps five-minute epoxy, or trade name: 5-Minute epoxy fly-tying (adjective, as in “fly-tying class”) fly-fishing (adjective, as in “fly-fishing instructor”) 5/16-inch 42-footer four-wheel drive (or 4x4 if part of the car model’s proper name) half-dozen half-hitch (noun or verb) hang-up (noun, as in “curves that cause hang-ups in tight places”) hen-hackle feathers high-density line ice-out lead-core line mid-1960s mid-Atlantic (no hyphen unless a capitalized word follows or when mid precedes a figure) night-fishing 9-foot, 7-weight rod no-kill fishing (or no-kill regulations) non-native (adjective) off-season (noun, as in “fishing in the off-season”) peacock-herl head post-spawn pre-spawn ring-necked pheasant salmon-fly tiers saltwater-taper line sea-run trout shooting-taper line sight-cast sight-casting sight-fish sinking-tip line sport-fisherman (person) sport-fisher (boat) stocking-foot waders tail-out take-out (adjective, as in “take-out point on a river”) 10-by-10 10-by-10 piece tip-top (the guide on the end of a rod) turned-down hook point (but “downturned eye” or “downturned hook point”) 12-inch piece 20-pound-test class tippet

2-foot by 2-foot piece up-and-across (adjective) up-locking reel seat; down-locking reel seat wade-fishing weight-forward line; double-taper line; shooting-taper wet-fly fishing; dry-fly fishing wet-wading (adjective, as in wet-wading shoes) whip-finish (noun or verb)

Note these distinctions: Stainless steel doesn’t rust. But: Many saltwater flies are tied on stainless-steel hooks. A fly might be tied with hair wings. But: A hair-wing fly floats well. Wood ducks supply flytiers with useful feathers. But: A Quill Gordon is tied with wood-duck wings. He enjoys fly fishing. But: He collects fly-fishing equipment. Some bass bugs are made of deer hair. But: I tie deer-hair bass bugs.

Capitalization The common names of fish, birds, and animals are not capitalized. If a proper name is part of the common name, only the proper name is capitalized: Atlantic salmon arctic fox (an exception, see Merriam-Webster’s) Arctic grayling brown trout chinook salmon (an exception, see Merriam-Webster’s) coho salmon Coues deer Dolly Varden eulachon Kamloops trout king salmon kokanee salmon largemouth bass Pacific salmon ruffed grouse Spanish mackerel white-tailed deer

Do not capitalize guinea fowl. Use an initial capital when referring to the Chinook tribe; write the word with a lower-case first letter when referring to a chinook salmon or a chinook wind. Capitalize proper names of fly tying materials: Flashabou, Crystal Flash, Krystal Flash

Names of fly patterns are capped: Hendrickson, Woolly Worm, Muddler Minnow and so on. Do not capitalize the word after the hyphen in a hyphenated name: Blue-winged Olive, Black-nosed Dace. It’s not unusual for an insect to be known by the name of a fly pattern that imitates it. If the common name of the insect contains a proper noun, capitalize it: Hendrickson (fly pattern), Hendrickson (Ephemerella subvaria). But if the common name of an insect does not contain a proper noun, begin it with a lower-case letter: Blue-winged Olive (fly pattern), blue-winged olive (Baetis vagans, among others). Do not capitalize the name of a knot (nail knot; blood knot) unless it contains a proper noun (Bimini twist; Duncan loop). Uni-Knot is always capped and hyphenated.

Cap organizations: If abbreviated, generally all cap, no periods (CIA, FBI, AAA). Spell out in the first occurrence and put the abbreviation following in parentheses. Some abbreviations are acceptable in all references (see AP Stylebook).

Italics or no italics? Italicize the scientific names of plants and animals (the first word is capitalized) Italicize the names of publications (The New York Times) Put compositions titles in quotes – do not italicize (names of books, plays, songs, movies, etc. See entry for “composition titles” in AP Stylebook).

Plurals Landlocked salmon eat smelt. Or is it smelts? Does a lucky angler catch three steelheads, or three steelhead? Writing about fish and animals is tricky. Sometimes you add an s to form a plural, sometimes you don’t. Here are some of our preferred plurals.

[According to Webster’s New World Dictionary, fish is singular and plural for one species, and fishes when referring to different species.]

Singular Plural albacore albacore barracuda barracudas bait baits bass bass bluegill bluegills bonefish bonefish bonito bonito cobia cobias coho cohos (not cohoes) corbina corbinas crappie crappies crawdad crawdads

crayfish crayfish crevalle jack crevalle jacks croaker croakers dace dace dolphin dolphins dorado dorado dry flies drys drum drum (drums for more than one species) eulachon eulachon (or eulachons) flounder flounder grouper grouper herring herrings jack jacks largemouth largemouths larva larvae mackerel mackerel marlin marlin mullet mullet (mullets for more than one species) muskellunge muskellunge permit permit pickerel pickerel pike pike pollock pollock pompano pompano pupa pupae quillback sucker quillback suckers salmon salmon sculpin sculpins sea robin sea robins shark sharks shellcracker shellcrackers shrimp shrimps sierra (a fish, not a mountain) sierra smallmouth smallmouths smelt smelts snapper snappers snook snook steelhead steelhead tarpon tarpon tripletail tripletail trout trout tuna tuna yellowtail yellowtails