History Focus: Stone to Iron Age Year 3 Block 1

Stone Age to Iron Age Key Vocab The period of prehistory in Britain generally refers to the time before chronology The arrangement of dates or events in the order in which written records began. It begins when the earliest hunter-gatherers they occurred. came to Britain from Europe around 450,000 BCE and ends with the BCE Before the common era invasion of the Romans in 43 CE. The Stone Age, and Iron CE Common era Age covers 98% of human history in Britain. The evolution of humans archaeology The study of the buildings, graves, tools and other objects from the earliest hominins to Homo sapiens occurred in this period. that belonged to people who lived in the past, in order to Some of the major advances in technology were achieved during this learn about their culture and society. period, including the control of fire, agriculture, metalworking and historical Anything left over from the past is a source of evidence. the wheel. evidence STONE AGE hunter Groups of people who get food by hunting, fishing, and Palaeolithic to 10,000 BC to 4000 BC to 2300 BC gatherers foraging rather than by farming BRONZE AGE farmers The Neolithic or new Stone Age saw the beginnings of 2300 BC to 800 BC agriculture. Animals such as the cow and sheep were domesticated and provided a ready supply of meat, milk, IRON AGE wool, leather and bone. Grain was the first food that could 800 BC to AD 43 be stored for long periods of time. prehistory The period of time in the past before people could write

Timeline human We are human but there have been different ‘types’ of human, over time, including Neanderthals climate The weather conditions in an area over a long period of 800,000 BCE Earliest footprints in Britain time (during the last ice age, the climate in Britain was

400,000 BCE Homo Sapiens arrived in Britain extremely cold) tools The first stone tools were made 3.3 million years ago 33,000 BCE Ice Age drove humans out of Britain village A group of houses where people choose to live near each 10,000 BCE End of the last Ice Age other 11,000 BCE Humans returned to Britain agriculture Farming

Doggerland flooded, forming the A group of standing stones on Salisbury Plain in southern 6,500 BCE English Channel, cutting off Britain England from the rest of Europe fossil The preserved remains of plants or animals 4000 BCE People began to settle across Britain, settlement A place where there were several stone age shelters, like a building farms small village. Village built at Skara Brae, in the 3180 BCE Orkney Islands, in Scotland Sticky Knowledge about the Stone-age period 2200 BCE Bronze Age began in Britain The stone-age period is said to have started around 3 million year ago when humans started to live in Europe. 2,000 BCE Stonehenge was completed During the Palaeolithic Age (old stone age), man gathered food by hunting wild 800 BCE The Iron Age began animals and birds, fishing, and collecting fruits and nuts. During the Neolithic Age (towards end of the stone-age), the humans formed 100 BCE Coins were used for the first time, in settled communities, and domesticated plants and animals for the first time in Britain history. 54 BCE First Roman invasion (Julius Caesar) Cheddar Man: 43 CE Second Roman invasion (Claudius)  A human male fossil  Found in Gough's Cave in Cheddar Gorge, Somerset, England  Cheddar man died around 7150 BC  It appears that he died a violent death. Boxgrove Man:  A 500,000 year old fossil  Only two pieces of the tibia (shinbone) and two teeth were found  Discovered in 1993, by archaeologist Mark Roberts  Found in Boxgrove, West Sussex, near the south coast of England  May actually have been a woman Skara Brae: Is an archaeological site found on the Orkney Islands in Scotland. It is a stone age village that has been well preserved. Stonehenge: Is a famous stone age monument in Wiltshire.