DOCSLIB.ORG

Background Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Background Information COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT ZIMBABWE 2 MAY 2007 Border and Immigration Agency COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE ZIMBABWE 2 MAY 2007 Contents PREFACE LATEST NEWS EVENTS IN ZIMBABWE, FROM 20 APRIL 2007 TO 2 MAY 2007 REPORTS ON ZIMBABWE PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED SINCE 20 APRIL 2007 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY........................................................................................ 1.01 Map ................................................................................................ 1.06 2. ECONOMY............................................................................................ 2.01 3. HISTORY.............................................................................................. 3.01 Post-Independence ...................................................................... 3.04 Matabeleland Insurgency 1983–87 ............................................. 3.05 Matabeleland Insurgency – Political developments.................. 3.06 4. LAND REFORM..................................................................................... 4.01 5. SANCTIONS AND COMMONWEALTH SUSPENSION .................................. 5.01 6. ELECTORAL HISTORY .......................................................................... 6.01 Parliamentary Elections – March 2005 ....................................... 6.01 Senate Elections – November 2005 ............................................ 6.12 By-Elections in 2004 .................................................................... 6.17 By-Elections in 2005 .................................................................... 6.22 By-Elections in 2006 .................................................................... 6.23 7. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS...................................................................... 7.01 Opposition demonstration suppressed/leaders tortured ......... 7.01 Background................................................................................ 7.02 11 March 2007 and subsequent events..................................... 7.07 The crackdown continues .......................................................... 7.13 Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) stay-away ......... 7.20 Mugabe threatens the diplomatic community ............................ 7.22 8. CONSTITUTION..................................................................................... 8.01 Constitutional Amendment (No 17) Bill...................................... 8.08 9. POLITICAL SYSTEM .............................................................................. 9.01 State Structures............................................................................ 9.01 Zimbabwean Electoral Commission........................................... 9.03 ZANU-PF........................................................................................ 9.05 ZANU-PF discuss extending Mugabe’s term of office ............... 9.13 Human Rights 10. INTRODUCTION................................................................................... 10.01 11. SECURITY FORCES............................................................................. 11.01 Police............................................................................................. 11.09 Arbitrary arrest and detention .................................................... 11.18 Torture ....................................................................................... 11.23 Extra-judicial killings .................................................................. 11.32 ii This Country of Origin Information Report contains the most up-to-date publicly available information as at 2 May 2007. Older source material has been included where it contains relevant information not available in more recent documents. 2 MAY 2007 ZIMBABWE Armed forces ................................................................................ 11.34 Patriotic Guards ........................................................................... 11.45 Arbitrary arrest and detention .................................................... 11.46 Torture ....................................................................................... 11.47 Extra-judicial killings .................................................................. 11.49 Central Intelligence Organisation ............................................... 11.50 Other government forces ............................................................ 11.65 ZANU-PF Youth ............................................................................ 11.65 Compulsory service............................................................... 11.71 Recruitment........................................................................... 11.76 Treatment of recruits in the NYS scheme ............................. 11.78 Actions of the youth militia .................................................... 11.82 Impunity................................................................................. 11.91 War Veterans ................................................................................ 11.92 Avenues of complaint .................................................................. 11.107 The Office of the Ombudsman................................................... 11.107 12. MILITARY SERVICE ............................................................................. 12.01 Conscientious objection.............................................................. 12.05 13. JUDICIARY ......................................................................................... 13.01 Organisation ................................................................................. 13.02 Judicial independence................................................................. 13.04 14. ARREST AND DETENTION – LEGAL RIGHTS .......................................... 14.01 15. PRISON CONDITIONS .......................................................................... 15.01 16. DEATH PENALTY ................................................................................ 16.01 17. POLITICAL AFFILIATION ...................................................................... 17.01 Freedom of political expression ................................................. 17.01 Freedom of association and assembly ...................................... 17.08 Growing civil unrest and protests............................................... 17.17 Opposition groups and political activists.................................. 17.24 The Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) ......................... 17.24 18. FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND MEDIA....................................................... 18.01 Treatment of journalists .............................................................. 18.21 19. HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS, ORGANISATIONS AND ACTIVISTS .......... 19.01 Human rights activists................................................................. 19.01 20. FREEDOM OF RELIGION ...................................................................... 20.01 Religious groups .......................................................................... 20.09 21. WITCHCRAFT ..................................................................................... 21.01 22. ETHNIC GROUPS ................................................................................ 22.01 Shona ............................................................................................ 22.02 Ndebele ......................................................................................... 22.04 Whites............................................................................................ 22.08 Asians............................................................................................ 22.12 Farm workers of Malawian, Zambian and Mozambican origin. 22.15 Albinos .......................................................................................... 22.21 Other ethnic minorities ................................................................ 22.23 23. LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENDER PERSONS ..................... 23.01 Legal rights.............................................................................. 23.01 Government attitudes.............................................................. 23.03 Societal ill-treatment or discrimination ................................. 23.05 24. DISABILITY ........................................................................................ 24.01 25. WOMEN ............................................................................................. 25.01 Political rights............................................................................... 25.02 Social and economic rights......................................................... 25.05 Cultural norms/consequences.................................................... 25.08 This Country of Origin Information Report contains the most up-to-date publicly available information as at 2 May 2007. iii Older source material has been included where it contains relevant information not available in more recent documents. ZIMBABWE 2 MAY 2007 Violence against women.............................................................. 25.14 Legal provisions and access to the law..................................... 25.22 26. CHILDREN.......................................................................................... 26.01 Basic information ......................................................................... 26.01 Age of consent..........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Canada Sanctions Zimbabwe
    Canadian Sanctions and Canadian charities operating in Zimbabwe: Be Very Careful! By Mark Blumberg (January 7, 2009) Canadian charities operating in Zimbabwe need to be extremely careful. It is not the place for a new and inexperienced charity to begin foreign operations. In fact, only Canadian charities with substantial experience in difficult international operations should even consider operating in Zimbabwe. It is one of the most difficult countries to carry out charitable operations by virtue of the very difficult political, security, human rights and economic situation and the resultant Canadian and international sanctions. This article will set out some information on the Zimbabwe Sanctions including the full text of the Act and Regulations governing the sanctions. It is not a bad idea when dealing with difficult legal issues to consult knowledgeable legal advisors. Summary On September 4, 2008, the Special Economic Measures (Zimbabwe) Regulations (SOR/2008-248) (the “Regulations”) came into force pursuant to subsections 4(1) to (3) of the Special Economic Measures Act. The Canadian sanctions against Zimbabwe are targeted sanctions dealing with weapons, technical support for weapons, assets of designated persons, and Zimbabwean aircraft landing in Canada. There is no humanitarian exception to these targeted sanctions. There are tremendous practical difficulties working in Zimbabwe and if a Canadian charity decides to continue operating in Zimbabwe it is important that the Canadian charity and its intermediaries (eg. Agents, contractor, partners) avoid providing any benefits, “directly or indirectly”, to a “designated person”. Canadian charities need to undertake rigorous due diligence and risk management to ensure that a “designated person” does not financially benefit from the program.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Courage Newsletter
    Civil Courag e News Journal of the Civil Courage Prize Vol. 11, No. 2 • September 2015 For Steadfast Resistance to Evil at Great Personal Risk Bloomberg Editor-in-Chief John Guatemalans Claudia Paz y Paz and Yassmin Micklethwait to Deliver Keynote Barrios Win 2015 Civil Courage Prize Speech at the Ceremony for Their Pursuit of Justice and Human Rights ohn Micklethwait, Bloomberg’s his year’s recipients of the JEditor-in-Chief, oversees editorial TCivil Courage Prize, Dr. content across all platforms, including Claudia Paz y Paz and Judge Yassmin news, newsletters, Barrios, are extraordinary women magazines, opinion, who have taken great risks to stand television, radio and up to corruption and injustice in digital properties, as their native Guatemala. well as research ser- For over 18 years, Dr. Paz y Paz vices such as has been dedicated to improving her Claudia Paz y Paz Bloomberg Intelli - country’s human rights policies. She testing, wiretaps and other technol - gence. was the national consultant to the ogy, she achieved unprecedented re - Prior to joining UN mission in Guatemala and sults in sentences for homicide, rape, Bloomberg in February 2015, Mickle- served as a legal advisor to the violence against women, extortion thwait was Editor-in-Chief of The Econo - Human Rights Office of the Arch - and kidnapping. mist, where he led the publication into the bishop. In 1994, she founded the In - In a country where witnesses, digital age, while expanding readership stitute for Com- prosecutors, and and enhancing its reputation. parative Criminal judges were threat - He joined The Economist in 1987, as Studies of Guate- ened and killed, she a finance correspondent and served as mala, a human courageously Business Editor and United States Editor rights organization sought justice for before being named Editor-in-Chief in that promotes the victims of the 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • Ccpnewsletter Aug07.Qxd (Page 1)
    “The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.” —Edmund Burke AUGUST 2007 Civil Courage VOL. 3, NO. 2 Steadfast Resistance to Evil at Great Personal Risk The Newsletter of The Train Foundation 67A East 77 Street,CCP New York, NY 10075 • Tel: 212.737.1011 • Fax: 212.737.6459 • www.civilcourageprize.org The Rev. Phillip Buck, formerly of North Korea, Wins 2007 Civil Courage Prize for Help to Fleeing Refugees Aided Thousands to Escape North Korea; Was Imprisoned by Chinese for 15 Months The Rev. Phillip Jun Buck, who was born in North Korea in 1941, has been selected as the winner of the 2007 Civil Courage Prize of The Train Foundation. He will be awarded the Prize of $50,000 at a ceremony to be held October 16 in New York. His life has been marked by tireless efforts to help refugees from North Korea to escape that country, many through China, which, contrary to international law,tracks down and repatriates refugees. Since Pyong Yang deems it a crime to leave the country,the refugees returned by China are treated as criminals, and are subject to imprisonment in a gulag or worse. China persecutes those who aid refugees, as well. Rev. Buck himself was arrested in Yanji, China in May 2005, while aiding refugees, and spent 15 months in prison there.Thanks to the U.S. Embassy,his case was kept before the Chinese authorities and he was released in August 2006, though he suffered from malnutrition, intense interrogation and sleep deprivation.
    [Show full text]
  • HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS on the FRONT LINE Debut A5.Qxp 04/04/2005 12:04 Page 2 Debut A5.Qxp 04/04/2005 12:04 Page 3
    debut_a5.qxp 04/04/2005 12:04 Page 1 HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS ON THE FRONT LINE debut_a5.qxp 04/04/2005 12:04 Page 2 debut_a5.qxp 04/04/2005 12:04 Page 3 Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders / FIDH and OMCT Human Rights Defenders on the Front Line Annual Report 2004 Foreword by Lida Yusupova debut_a5.qxp 04/04/2005 12:04 Page 4 Drafting, editing and co-ordination : Catherine François, Julia Littmann, Juliane Falloux and Antoine Bernard (FIDH) Delphine Reculeau, Mariana Duarte, Anne-Laurence Lacroix and Eric Sottas (OMCT) The Observatory thanks Marjane Satrapi, comic strip author and illustrator of the annual report cover, for her constant and precious support. The Observatory thanks all partner organisations of FIDH and OMCT, as well as the teams of these organisations. Distribution : this report is published in English, Spanish and French versions. The World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) and the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) authorise the free reproduction of extracts of this text on condition that the source is credited and that a copy of the publication containing the text is sent to the respective International Secretariats. FIDH – International Federation for Human Rights 17, passage de la Main d'Or – 75 011 Paris – France Tel.: + 33 (0) 1 43 55 25 18 – Fax: + 33 (0) 1 43 55 18 80 [email protected] / www.fidh.org OMCT – World Organisation Against Torture 8, rue du Vieux-Billard – Case postale 21 – 1211 Geneva 8 – Switzerland Tel.: + 41 22 809 49 39 – Fax: + 41 22 809 49 29 [email protected] / www.omct.org debut_a5.qxp 04/04/2005 12:04 Page 5 FOREWORD UNITED AGAINST HORROR by Lida Yusupova Human rights defenders in Chechnya have to work in an extremely difficult environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa Briefing, Nr. 15: Decision Time in Zimbabwe
    AFRICA Briefing Nairobi/Brussels, 8 July 2003 DECISION TIME IN ZIMBABWE I. OVERVIEW In an article published in The New York Times in advance of the Bush visit, U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell said of President Mugabe and his Change is in the air in Zimbabwe. Its citizens no regime, “their time has come and gone”,1and that longer talk about whether it will come, but rather new leadership respectful of human rights and the when. All acknowledge, however, that the road will rule of law was needed. South Africa is working to be dangerous, possibly violent. South Africa is the resolve the Zimbabwe crisis since it is experiencing single country with ability to help its neighbour many of its consequences but Deputy Foreign through the roughest patches if it is willing to engage Minister Aziz Pahad, whose efforts, like those of with sufficient determination to persuade the President Mbeki, have been mostly low key and government of President Robert Mugabe and his behind the scenes, said cooly, “I hope we can reach ruling ZANU-PF party to sit down with their a common approach on Zimbabwe. If there is challenger, the Movement for Democratic Change another route, the Americans must put it on the (MDC), and then facilitate and mediate negotiations table”.2 for a transitional government and new elections. A range of other international players need to play There is indeed another route. Getting ZANU-PF supporting roles, including the EU, the Southern and the MDC to the table for unconditional Africa Development Commission (SADC), the negotiations should be at the top of the agenda African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth, but when the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report Sometimes Brutally
    “Human rights defenders have played an irreplaceable role in protecting victims and denouncing abuses. Their commitment Steadfast in Protest has exposed them to the hostility of dictatorships and the most repressive governments. […] This action, which is not only legitimate but essential, is too often hindered or repressed - Annual Report sometimes brutally. […] Much remains to be done, as shown in the 2006 Report [of the Observatory], which, unfortunately, continues to present grave violations aimed at criminalising Observatory for the Protection and imposing abusive restrictions on the activities of human 2006 of Human Rights Defenders rights defenders. […] I congratulate the Observatory and its two founding organisations for this remarkable work […]”. Mr. Kofi Annan Former Secretary General of the United Nations (1997 - 2006) The 2006 Annual Report of the Observatory for the Protection Steadfast in Protest of Human Rights Defenders (OMCT-FIDH) documents acts of Foreword by Kofi Annan repression faced by more than 1,300 defenders and obstacles to - FIDH OMCT freedom of association, in nearly 90 countries around the world. This new edition, which coincides with the tenth anniversary of the Observatory, pays tribute to these women and men who, every day, and often risking their lives, fi ght for law to triumph over arbitrariness. The Observatory is a programme of alert, protection and mobilisation, established by the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) and the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) in 1997. It aims to establish
    [Show full text]
  • Zimbabwe at a Glance: 2001-02
    COUNTRY REPORT Zimbabwe At a glance: 2001-02 OVERVIEW Zimbabwe will continue to suffer the most serious political and economic crisis in its 20-year history, and it now appears increasingly unlikely that the president, Robert Mugabe, will finish his current term which runs until April 2002. The EIU currently expects the MDC to call an extended national strike early in 2001, which will worsen an already poor economic situation and is likely to turn into such widespread protest that the president will be forced to resign. But there is a very real possibility that the protests could run out of control and turn extremely violent. Meanwhile the economy will remain in a steep downward spiral, with negative real GDP growth of 6.1% in 2000 and 3.3% in 2002, a huge fiscal deficit, rapidly rising inflation and a falling exchange rate. Moreover, the economy could be damaged in the long term as a result of the current “fast-track” land resettlement policy. The downward spiral is only likely to be broken after Mr Mugabe has left office, real reforms are introduced and external assistance is resumed. Modest real GDP growth of 1.8% is forecast for 2001. Key changes from last month Political outlook • The political situation continues to deteriorate as the government increasingly ignores court rulings. Economic policy outlook • The minister of finance presented the 2001 budget in parliament. It fails to address the real root of the huge fiscal deficit and highlights his political weakness. Economic forecast • The budget deficit for 2000 is now forecast at 28.4% of GDP.
    [Show full text]
  • ZIMBABWE COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service
    ZIMBABWE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service 25 March 2011 ZIMBABWE 25 MARCH 2011 Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN ZIMBABWE FROM 22 FEBRUARY 2011 TO 24 MARCH 2011 Useful news sources for further information REPORTS ON ZIMBABWE PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 22 FEBRUARY 2011 AND 24 MARCH 2011 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Public holidays ..................................................................................................... 1.06 Map ........................................................................................................................ 1.07 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 Remittances .......................................................................................................... 2.06 Sanctions .............................................................................................................. 2.08 3. HISTORY (19TH CENTURY TO 2008)............................................................................. 3.01 Matabeleland massacres 1983 - 87 ..................................................................... 3.03 Political events: late 1980s - 2007...................................................................... 3.06 Events in 2008 - 2010 ........................................................................................... 3.23
    [Show full text]
  • No TNF Joy .… Workers Plot Action
    The $5 Voice of the Labour Movement Established 88 19 Is u e No: 2 41 JAN - FEB 2 20 0 Regist er e dt e at h G wPO as a Ne p s aper Cricket: importance of Furore over domestic countries Zim Tours workers’ wages cannot be over emphasised PAGE 6 PAGE 16 MINIMUM WAGE NOW No TNF joy .… workers plot action National labour migration policy on the cards By Own Correspondent ollowing the recent approvals by the cabinet, social partners will Fsoon launch the National Labour Migration Policy which will clarify procedures on the handling of migrant issues. The policy was crafted by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in collaboration with International Organisation for Migration and the tripartite partners - Ministry of Public Service Labour and Social Welfare; Employers' Confederation of Zimbabwe and the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU). “The aim of the policy is to promote good governance in labour migration; ensure effective regulation of labour migration; empower and protect labour migrants against abuses, malpractice and exploitation; promote the welfare of labour migrants' families; and ultimately, File photo: Workers demonstrating against a proposed wage freeze in the streets of Harare in 2016 maximize the benefits of labour migration for development,” reads the policy in part. BY STAFF REPORTER salaries to the interbank rate. Information minister Monica ZCTU's Michael Kandukutu who is As a result of this stalemate, workers are Mutsvangwa presenting the cabinet representing labour in the crafting of the he Tripartite Negotiating Forum plotting a national action to knock sense into decisions said; “Update on the Tripartite policy, told The Worker that the policy is (TNF) meetings have come and the minds of government and business.
    [Show full text]
  • ZIMBABWE COUNTRY REPORT April 2004
    ZIMBABWE COUNTRY REPORT April 2004 COUNTRY INFORMATION & POLICY UNIT IMMIGRATION & NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM Zimbabwe April 2004 CONTENTS 1 Scope of the Document 1.1 –1.7 2 Geography 2.1 – 2.3 3 Economy 3.1 4 History 4.1 – 4.193 Independence 1980 4.1 - 4.5 Matabeleland Insurgency 1983-87 4.6 - 4.9 Elections 1995 & 1996 4.10 - 4.11 Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) 4.12 - 4.13 Parliamentary Elections, June 2000 4.14 - 4.23 - Background 4.14 - 4.16 - Election Violence & Farm Occupations 4.17 - 4.18 - Election Results 4.19 - 4.23 - Post-election Violence 2000 4.24 - 4.26 - By election results in 2000 4.27 - 4.28 - Marondera West 4.27 - Bikita West 4.28 - Legal challenges to election results in 2000 4.29 Incidents in 2001 4.30 - 4.58 - Bulawayo local elections, September 2001 4.46 - 4.50 - By elections in 2001 4.51 - 4.55 - Bindura 4.51 - Makoni West 4.52 - Chikomba 4.53 - Legal Challenges to election results in 2001 4.54 - 4.56 Incidents in 2002 4.57 - 4.66 - Presidential Election, March 2002 4.67 - 4.79 - Rural elections September 2002 4.80 - 4.86 - By election results in 2002 4.87 - 4.91 Incidents in 2003 4.92 – 4.108 - Mass Action 18-19 March 2003 4.109 – 4.120 - ZCTU strike 23-25 April 4.121 – 4.125 - MDC Mass Action 2-6 June 4.126 – 4.157 - Mayoral and Urban Council elections 30-31 August 4.158 – 4.176 - By elections in 2003 4.177 - 4.183 Incidents in 2004 4.184 – 4.191 By elections in 2004 4.192 – 4.193 5 State Structures 5.1 – 5.98 The Constitution 5.1 - 5.5 Political System: 5.6 - 5.21 - ZANU-PF 5.7 -
    [Show full text]
  • Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders / FIDH and OMCT
    Debut.qxd 02/04/04 17:17 Page 1 HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS IN A «SECURITY FIRST» ENVIRONMENT Debut.qxd 02/04/04 17:17 Page 2 Debut.qxd 02/04/04 17:17 Page 3 Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders / FIDH and OMCT Human Rights Defenders in a «Security First» Environment Annual Report 2003 Foreword by Shirin Ebadi Nobel Peace Prize Debut.qxd 02/04/04 17:17 Page 4 Drafting, editing and co-ordination: Juliane Falloux, Catherine François and Antoine Bernard, with the collaboration of Julia Littman (FIDH). Anne-Laurence Lacroix, Alexandra Kossin, Sylvain de Pury and Eric Sottas (OMCT). The Observatory thanks Marjane Satrapi, author of comics, for her collaboration to this report, as well as all the partner organisations of FIDH and OMCT, as well as the teams of these organisations. Distribution: this report is published in English, Spanish and French versions. A German version is available on the Web sites of both organisations. The World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) and the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) authorise the free reproduction of extracts of this text on condition that the source is credited and that a copy of the publication containing the text is sent to the respective International Secretariats. FIDH – International Federation for Human Rights 17, passage de la Main d'Or – 75 011 Paris – France Tel.: + 33 (0) 1 43 55 25 18 – Fax: + 33 (0) 1 43 55 18 80 [email protected]/www.fidh.org OMCT – World Organisation Against Torture 8, rue du Vieux-Billard – Case postale 21 – 1211 Geneva 8 – Switzerland Tel.: + 41 22 809 49 39 – Fax: + 41 22 809 49 29 [email protected]/www.omct.org Debut.qxd 02/04/04 17:17 Page 5 FOREWORD by Shirin Ebadi 2003 Nobel Peace Prize After the wave of arrests in the 1980s, which forced human rights defenders into exile or long prison sentences with loss of civic rights, it was particularly difficult to resume the fight for fundamental freedoms in Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • SAIIA REPO: Report Number 30
    SAIIA REPO: Report number 30 The Zimbabwe Econonv How has it survived and how will it recover. Dianna Games AN INSTITUTE OF INTER The Zimbabwe Economy: How has it survived and how will it recover? Copyright © SAIIA, 2002 All rights reserved THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS ISBN: 1-919810-63-3 SAIIA Report No. 30 Please note that all amounts are in US$, unless otherwise indicated. SAIIA National Office Bearers Fred Phaswana Elisabeth Bradley • Moeletsi Mbeki Brian Hawksworth • Alec Pienaar Dr Greg Mills Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Background 7 Economic Overview 11 Current situation 12 Growth projections 16 Macroeconomic indicators 18 External factors 23 Breakdown of Four Key Sectors 30 Agriculture 30 Mining 37 Tourism 41 Manufacturing 46 Recovery Scenario 51 Why change is unlikely 51 How change might happen 53 External factors 56 Key points for recovery 58 Appendix One: Land — The sequence of events 65 Appendix Two: Economic indicators 67 Select Glossary 72 The Zimbabwe Economy: How has it survived and how will it recover? Dianna Games' Executive Summary Zimbabwe is facing probably its most testing time ever with the combined problems of a breakdown of law and order, an economy in crisis, international isolation and a government holding its people hostage to its ambition to stay in power. President Robert Mugabe has engineered an economic decline of increasingly drastic proportions in a record four years which is underpinned by a breakdown in the rule of law and an attack on property rights. The loss of a referendum in February 2000 and the first serious challenge to Mugabe and his ruling ZANU-PF in an election four months later precipitated what many have described as a war against the nation.
    [Show full text]