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The Analysis of Fishing Effort by Scraping Net in Sungai Nyamuk, Sinaboi Sub District, Rokan Hilir Regency of Riau Province

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The Analysis of Fishing Effort by Scraping Net in Sungai Nyamuk, Sinaboi Sub District, Rokan Hilir Regency of Riau Province THE ANALYSIS OF FISHING EFFORT BY SCRAPING NET IN SUNGAI NYAMUK, SINABOI SUB DISTRICT, ROKAN HILIR REGENCY OF RIAU PROVINCE By Fitriani1), EniYulinda2), Hamdi Hamid3) Email :[email protected] ABSTRACT Research on the analysis of fishing effort by fishing scraping net, held in April 2015 in Sungai Nyamuk, Sinaboi Sub District, Rokan Hilir Regency Of Riau Province. The research of aims to analyze large venture capital investments, and how large gross income and net income of using fishing scraping net. The method used is a survey method. Determination respondents stratification of random sampling performed using a method that is done by looking at the motor boat scraping levels at the study site consisting of a motor boat with a cargo scraping net 0,7 GT and GT 1. Respondents were drawn consists of a fishing effort using the tool catches scraping net to charge 1 GT by 3 fishermen and fishermen scraping net 0,7 GT by 3 people. The total investments invested in doing scraping net fishermen fishing effort is Rp 29.647.000, for a motor boat fishermen 0,7 GT and Rp 44.295.000 for boat motors 1 GT. Gross income of scraping net fishermen for season of motor boat 0,7 GT Rp. 305.000 of day and Rp. 109.000 for not season of day. For motor boat 1 GT Rp. 385.000 for season of day and Rp. 183.000. Net income scraping net fishermen of 0,7 GT Rp. 196.000 for season of day and not net income for not season of day. As for fishermen of motor boat 1 GT is Rp. 220.000 for season of day and Rp. 18.000 for not season of day. Keywords: Scraping Net, worthiness of business investment, Rokan Hilir. 1). Students Of The Faculty Fisheries and Marine Science, University Of Riau 2). Lecturer Of The Faculty Of Fisheries and Marine Science, University Of Riau. PENDAHULUAN Riau juga memiliki laut yang kaya akan Latar Belakang ikan. Provinsi Riau merupakan salah satu Kabupaten Rokan Hilir terletak provinsi penghasil ikan yang sangat pada 00 25' 20 derajat LU - 010 25' 41” LU potensial, baik ikan sungai maupun ikan dan 1000 02' 56” - 1000 56' 59” BT. Luas laut. Karena Provinsi Riau memilki 7.449.85 km. Kabupaten Rokan Hilir di beberapa sungai besar yang memiliki aliri beberapa sungai, dua diantaranya beragam jenis ikan, selain itu Provinsi adalah sungai yang cukup besar yaitu Sungai Rokan Kanan dan Sungai Rokan Penduduk di kepenghuluan ini Kiri. sebagian besar berprofesi sebagai nelayan Wilayah Kabupaten Rokan Hilir yang mengantungkan hidupnya dari bagian teritorial Selat Malaka. melaut. Pendapatan nelayan sering tidak Berdasarkan letak geografis dan kondisi menentu, hal ini disebabkan oleh besar perairan, Kabupaten Rokan Hilir atau kecilnya ukuran kapal motor dan merupakan daerah yang potensial besar kecilnya daya mesin sehingga penghasil ikan. Dimana terdapat 4 (empat) nelayan di kepenghuluan ini tergolong ke Kecamatan yang merupakan daerah dalam ekonomi menengah kebawah. Hal pesisir yang potensial dalam perikanan tersebut disebabkan pola pikir nelayan tangkap yaitu Kecamatan Bangko, yang hanya melaut untuk mencukupi Sinaboi, Kubu dan Pasir Limau kebutuhan hari ini dan besok serta kurang Kapas.(Diskanlut Rokan Hilir, 2012). pandai dalam mengatur keuangan mereka Alat tangkap ikan yang ada di ditambah semakin hari pengahsilan Kabupaten Rokan Hilir jika dilihat dari semakin berkurang dan harga BBM pun cara beroperasinya alat tersebut dapat semakin naik. dibedakan menjadi dua golongan yaitu Pendapatan nelayan di alat tangkap statis dan alat tangkap kepenghuluan ini dipengaruhi oleh hasil dinamis. Alat Tangkap statis adalah alat tangkapan. Namun hasil tangkapan tangkap yang sifatnya tetap atau tidak nelayan selalu tidak tetap, hal ini berpindah-pindah dalam rentang waktu dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan sampan yang lamay, alat tangkap jenis ini yang motor, karena semakin cepat sampan ada di wilayah Kabupaten Rokan Hilir motor maka semakin kecil peluang udang adalah bubu tiang. Alat tangkap dinamis dan organisme lainnya untuk menghindar memiliki sifat yang berlawan dengan alat dari alat tangkap tersebut, Adapun alat tangkap statis, bila alat tangkap statis tangkap yang dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan sifatnya tetap atau tidak berpindah-pindah kapal motor dalam pengoperasiannya maka alat tangkap dinamis sifatnya adalah sondong dan bubu tarik. Namun bergerak atau berpindah-pindah salah penulis tertarik melakukan penelitian satunya adalah sondong (Dinas Perikanan terhadap alat tangkap sondong karena alat dan Kelautan Rokan Hilir, 2012). tangkap ini merupakan alat tangkap aktif Kepenghuluan Sungai Nyamuk yang tinggi produktifitasnya, dioperasikan merupakan salah satu kepenghuluan yang di perairan pesisir pantai yang merupakan berada di Kecamatan Sinaboi Kabupaten daerah potensial perikanan. Tujuan utama Rokan Hilir. Potensi perikanan tangkap di penangkapan adalah jenis udang, pada kepenghuluan ini merupakan perikanan waktu dan musim tertentu pendapatan tangkap yang sebagian besar berasal dari mencapai Rp 500.000 perharinya. laut. Alat tangkap yang digunakan Menurut salah satu Nelayan nelayan untuk melakukan penangkapan sondong pada tahun 1998 Usaha ikan di laut meliputi Sondong, Bubu penangkapan sondong di Kepenghuluan Tarik, Jaring. Sungai Nyamuk Kecamatan Sinaboi mengoperasikan alat tangkap sondong dilakukan Tanpa menggunakan sampan 1). Berapa besar investasi dan Modal motor yaitu dengan cara mendorong alat yang dibutuhkan usaha alat tangkap tersebut ke perairan di pinggir pantai sondong di Kepenghuluan Sungai tanpa menggunakan alat bantu perahu. Nyamuk Namun pada tahun 2004 usaha 2). Berapa besar pendapatan kotor dan penangkapan sondong di Kepenghuluan pendapatan bersih usaha alat Sungai Nyamuk Kecamatan Sinaboi telah sondong di Kepenghuluan Sungai mengalami kemajuan sehingga Nyamuk dimodifikasi dalam teknologi Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian penangkapanya sudah menggunakan alat Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk bantu yaitu dengan cara didorong oleh 1. Untuk mengetahui berapa besar sampan motor. Pengoperasian alat investasi usaha alat tangkap tangkap ini nelayan hanya Sondong di Kepenghuluan Sungai mengoperasikan secara sendiri atau tidak Nyamuk . memiliki ABK. Nelayan sondong di 2. Untuk mengetahui berapa besar daerah ini sudah memiliki sampan motor pendapatan kotor dan pendapatan sendiri dengan daerah pengoperasian alat bersih usaha alat tangkap Sondong tangkap ini di perairan pesisir pantai pada di Kepenghuluan Sungai Nyamuk. kedalaman 1-3 meter. Selanjutnya manfaat yang diharapkan dari Nelayan di daerah penelitian ini penelitian ini adalah : melakukan penangkapan 14-24 hari dalam 1. Bagi peneliti, penelitian ini sekali pengoperasian rata-rata hasil bermanfaat sebagai suatu penerapan tangkapan yang dihasilkan oleh alat teori yang telah diperoleh penulis tangkap sondong ini mencapai 7-30 Kg dan penelitian ini diharapkan merupakan hasil rata-rata tangkapan bermanfaat untuk menambah udang dan ikan, adapun jenis hasil pengatahuan tentang usaha tangkapan udang solo (Panaeus penangkapan menggunakan alat marguensis), udang putih besar (Panaeus tangkap sondong. indicus), udang harimau (Paneus 2. Bagi Pemerintah Daerah, hasil monodon), dan ikan belanak (Mugil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat cephalus) ikan gulama (Otolithoides menjadi sumbangan pemikiran dan pama). bahan pertimbangan dalam Berdasarkan uraian diatas penulis penyusunan kebijakan terutama tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai Analisis Usaha Penangkapan dalam pengembangan perikanan Ikan dengan Alat Tangkap Sondong tangkap. (Scraping Net) di Kepenghuluan Sungai 3. Bagi pihak lain, hasil penelitian ini Nyamuk Kecamatan Sinaboi Kabupaten diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai Rokan Hilir Provinsi Riau. tambahan referensi dalam Rumusan masalah penyusunan penelitian selanjutnya Dari latar belakang yang telah atau penelitian-penelitian sejenis. dikemukakan, maka diperoleh beberapa permasalahan sebagai berikut; METODELOGI PENELITIAN tangkapan sondong dengan muatan 1 GT Waktu dan Tempat sebanyak 3 orang nelayan dan nelayan Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan sondong 0,7 GT sebanyak 3 orang. pada bulan Maret-April 2015. Tempat Pengumpulan Data pelaksanaan penelitian ini adalah Data yang dikumpulkan dalam Kepenghuluan Sungai Nyamuk penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data Kecamatan Sinaboi Kabupaten Rokan sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari Hilir Propinsi Riau, dimana usaha responden (nelayan pemilik sondong) penangkapan dan nelayan sondong dengan melakukan wawancara yang dijadikan sebagai objek penelitian ini. berpedoman dengan kuisioner yang telah Prosedur Penelitian disiapkan. Adapun data primer yang Metode Penelitian meliputi identitas responden (nama, umur, Metode yang digunakan dalam tanggungan keluarga, pengalaman penelitian ini adalah metode survey. berusaha, dll), modal usaha, biaya Metode survey digunakan untuk operasional yang terdiri dari biaya tetap mendapatkan data yang diperlukan dan biaya tidak tetap, jumlah hasil langsung dari lokasi penelitian. Metode tangkapan, harga ikan, jumlah hari kerja, survey merupakan pengamatan secara jenis ikan yang tertangkap, pendapatan langsung terhadap objek di lapangan dan kotor, pendapatan bersih, keuntungan mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara serta hal-hal lain yang dapat menunjang langsung dengan responden yang kelengkapan data penelitian ini. Untuk berpedoman pada kuisioner yang telah melengkapi data tersebut diperlukan data disediakan. sekunder yang diperoleh dari literatur dan instansi terkait. Penentuan Responden Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi Defenisi Operasional responden adalah nelayan sondong Berikut ini beberapa konsep dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak
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