Liolaemus Wiegmann, 1834 (Reptilia
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University of California San Diego
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO Infrastructure, state formation, and social change in Bolivia at the start of the twentieth century. A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Nancy Elizabeth Egan Committee in charge: Professor Christine Hunefeldt, Chair Professor Michael Monteon, Co-Chair Professor Everard Meade Professor Nancy Postero Professor Eric Van Young 2019 Copyright Nancy Elizabeth Egan, 2019 All rights reserved. SIGNATURE PAGE The Dissertation of Nancy Elizabeth Egan is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Co-Chair ___________________________________________________________ Chair University of California San Diego 2019 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNATURE PAGE ............................................................................................................ iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... ix LIST -
Reproductive Behavior and Development in Spilotes Sulphureus (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Ecuador
Phyllomedusa 17(1):113–126, 2018 © 2018 Universidade de São Paulo - ESALQ ISSN 1519-1397 (print) / ISSN 2316-9079 (online) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316- 9079.v17i1p113-126 Reproductive behavior and development in Spilotes sulphureus (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Ecuador Jorge H. Valencia1 and Katty Garzon-Tello1,2 1 Fundación Herpetológica Gustavo Orcés, Av. Amazonas 3008 y Rumipamba, Casilla 1703448, Quito, Ecuador. E-mail: [email protected]. 2 Vivarium de Quito, Av. Amazonas 3008 y Rumipamba, Casilla 1703448, Quito, Ecuador. E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract Reproductive behavior and development in Spilotes sulphureus (Serpentes: Colu bridae) from Ecuador. The Birdsnake Spilotes sulphureus is a large-sized species that occurs from the Amazon region to the Atlantic forest of South America. Despite the wide distribution little is known about its natural history. Here we report, for the frst time, reproductive behavior displayed by this species observed in a pair of Ecuadorian specimens in captivity. A ritualized pre-copulatory behavior followed a colubrine pattern similar to the congeneric species Spilotes pullatus. The repertoire included chin-rubbing, continuous tongue ficking, head raising, body jerking, cloacal gaping, and partial mounting. Oviposition occurred 86–98 days after of the frst copulation. Females lay clutches of 7–14 eggs. Juvenile coloration is remarkably different from adults. Newborns have a dorsum with transverse brown or gray bands, and white or pale gray interspaces; young of 1–2 years have green bands and yellow-green interspaces; adults have dark green bands. Ontogenetic color changes are presumably associated with antipredator strategies, change in size, vulnerability or habitat and microhabitat selection. -
Wild Potato Species Threatened by Extinction in the Department of La Paz, Bolivia M
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Scientific Journals of INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria) Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2007 5(4), 487-496 Available online at www.inia.es/sjar ISSN: 1695-971-X Wild potato species threatened by extinction in the Department of La Paz, Bolivia M. Coca-Morante1* and W. Castillo-Plata2 1 Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias, Forestales y Veterinarias. Dr. «Martín Cárdenas» (FCA, P, F y V). Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS). Casilla 1044. Cochabamba. Bolivia 2 Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (MEDA). Cochabamba. Bolivia Abstract The Department of La Paz has the largest number of wild potato species (Solanum Section Petota Solanaceae) in Bolivia, some of which are rare and threatened by extinction. Solanum achacachense, S. candolleanum, S. circaeifolium, S. okadae, S. soestii and S. virgultorum were all searched for in their type localities and new areas. Isolated specimens of S. achacachense were found in its type localities, while S. candolleanum was found in low density populations. Solanum circaeifolium was also found as isolated specimens or in low density populations in its type localities, but also in new areas. Solanum soestii and S. okadae were found in small, isolated populations. No specimen of S. virgultorum was found at all. The majority of the wild species searched for suffered the attack of pathogenic fungi. Interviews with local farmers revealed the main factors negatively affecting these species to be loss of habitat through urbanization and the use of the land for agriculture and forestry. -
Lithium Extraction in Argentina: a Case Study on the Social and Environmental Impacts
Lithium extraction in Argentina: a case study on the social and environmental impacts Pía Marchegiani, Jasmin Höglund Hellgren and Leandro Gómez. Executive summary The global demand for lithium has grown significantly over recent years and is expected to grow further due to its use in batteries for different products. Lithium is used in smaller electronic devices such as mobile phones and laptops but also for larger batteries found in electric vehicles and mobility vehicles. This growing demand has generated a series of policy responses in different countries in the southern cone triangle (Argentina, Bolivia and Chile), which together hold around 80 per cent of the world’s lithium salt brine reserves in their salt flats in the Puna area. Although Argentina has been extracting lithium since 1997, for a long time there was only one lithium-producing project in the country. In recent years, Argentina has experienced increased interest in lithium mining activities. In 2016, it was the most dynamic lithium producing country in the world, increasing production from 11 per cent to 16 per cent of the global market (Telam, 2017). There are now around 46 different projects of lithium extraction at different stages. However, little consideration has been given to the local impacts of lithium extraction considering human rights and the social and environmental sustainability of the projects. With this in mind, the current study seeks to contribute to an increased understanding of the potential and actual impacts of lithium extraction on local communities, providing insights from local perspectives to be considered in the wider discussion of sustainability, green technology and climate change. -
I.V. V. Bolivia
I.V. v. Bolivia ABSTRACT1 This case is about the sterilization, by tubal ligation, of a woman without her prior consent. The Court found violations of both the American Convention and the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence Against Women (“Convention of Belém do Para”). It did not discuss, however, the violation of the Right to Health (Art. 26 of the Convention) implicated in the case. I. FACTS A. Chronology of Events 1982: I.V., a Peruvian citizen, gives birth to her first daughter.2 Late 1980’s–Early 1990s: I.V. is the victim of physical, sexual and psychological harassment perpetrated by the National Directorate Against Terrorism of Peru (DINCOTE).3 1989: I.V. meets J.E., and they begin a romantic relationship.4 1991: Their daughter N.V. is born.5 1993: J.E. migrates to La Paz, Bolivia, from Peru where he is granted refugee status.6 1. Sebastian Richards, Staffer; Edgar Navarette, Editor; Erin Gonzalez, Chief IACHR Editor; Cesare Romano, Faculty Advisor. 2. I.V. v. Bolivia, Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs, Judgment, Inter- Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. C) No. 336, ¶ 61 (Nov. 30, 2016). (Available only in Spanish). 3. Id. 4. Id. 5. Id. 6. Id. 1351 1352 Loy. L.A. Int‟l & Comp. L. Rev. Vol. 41:4 1994: N.V. and I.V. join him in La Paz in 1994 and receive refugee status two months later.7 While in La Paz, I.V. obtains a hotel administration degree.8 February 2000: I.V., now age 35, is pregnant with her third daughter.9 She applies for Bolivia’s universal maternal and child health insurance, and basic health insurance and begins to receive pre-natal health care from the La Paz Women’s Hospital.10 July 1, 2000: I.V. -
Bolivian Katarism: the Emergence of an Indian Challenge to the Social Order
BOLIVIAN KATARISM: THE EMERGENCE OF AN INDIAN CHALLENGE TO THE SOCIAL ORDER By Cécile Casen “Como indios nos explotaron, como indios nos liberaremos.”1 The name of Túpac Katari is mentioned in all of Evo Morales’ major speeches. Often presented as Bolivia’s “first indigenous president”, Morales likes to think he embodies the prophesy of this Aymara chief, who was drawn and quartered at the end of the 18th- century: “I will return and there will be millions of us.” Túpac Katari is known for having laid siege to La Paz during the Great Rebellion of 1780.2 His name is also associated with more recent political history, in particular the eponymous movement that, in the 1970s, made him a symbol of Indian resistance to Creole elite oppression and the 1 “Exploited as Indians, it is as Indians that we will free ourselves.” All Spanish-language citations in the present article are our translation. 2 The siege lasted from March to October 1781. The Great Rebellion concerned the entire region of Upper Peru between 1780 and 1783. In this revolt against excessive taxes and the abuses of the corregidores – representatives of Spanish royal power – Túpac Amaru and Túpac Katari were leaders of the regions of Cuzco and La Paz, respectively. Scarlett O’Phelan Godoy, Un siglo de rebeliones anticoloniales: Perú y Bolivia 1700-1783, Cuzco, Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos Bartolomé de Las Casas, 1988; Jean Piel, “¿Cómo interpretar la rebelión pan-andina de 1780-1783?”, in Jean Meyer (ed.), Tres levantamientos populares: Pugachov, Túpac Amaru, Hidalgo, Mexico, Centro de Estudios mexicanos y centroamericanos (CEMCA/CNCAM), 1992, pp. -
Quality of Life in Argentina
Belgeo Revue belge de géographie 4 | 2013 Miscellaneous Quality of life in Argentina: The environmental dimension at a departmental scale La qualité de vie en Argentine : dimension environnementale à l’échelle des départements Guillermo Ángel Velázquez et Juan Pablo Celemín Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/belgeo/11794 DOI : 10.4000/belgeo.11794 ISSN : 2294-9135 Éditeur : National Committee of Geography of Belgium, Société Royale Belge de Géographie Édition imprimée Date de publication : 31 décembre 2013 ISSN : 1377-2368 Référence électronique Guillermo Ángel Velázquez et Juan Pablo Celemín, « Quality of life in Argentina: The environmental dimension at a departmental scale », Belgeo [En ligne], 4 | 2013, mis en ligne le 30 juin 2014, consulté le 30 avril 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/belgeo/11794 ; DOI : 10.4000/belgeo.11794 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 30 avril 2019. Belgeo est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. Quality of life in Argentina: The environmental dimension at a departmental s... 1 Quality of life in Argentina: The environmental dimension at a departmental scale La qualité de vie en Argentine : dimension environnementale à l’échelle des départements Guillermo Ángel Velázquez et Juan Pablo Celemín Introduction 1 The analysis of the Quality of Life from a geographic perspective relies mainly on the development of indices with the highest possible level of territorial disaggregation and reflecting the relative wellbeing of the population. Earlier indices developed for Argentina (Velázquez, 2008; 2010a) provided basically two dimensions: a) socio-economic and b) environmental. Socio-economic dimension embraces such indicators as education, health and housing, while environmental one considers three aspects: nature-based recreational resources, socially constructed recreational resources and environmental problems. -
A Single Specimen Reveals Multiple New Aspects of Diet and Distribution of Snakes
Herpetology Notes, volume 14: 385-390 (2021) (published online on 15 February 2021) A Matryoshka of scales: a single specimen reveals multiple new aspects of diet and distribution of snakes Thaís B. Guedes1 Snakes comprise approximately 3,800 species et al., 2013). Much of what is known about the diet (Uetz and Hošek, 2020), all of which are carnivorous, of C. plumbea is based on the analysis of gut contents consuming an enormous variety of prey types captured of preserved specimens (Cunha and Nascimento, by active foraging or ambush methods (Greene, 1978; Gaiarsa et al., 2013), with two reports about 1997; Grundler 2020). Despite recent advances, prey ingestion position being head-first (Teixeira and detailed information on feeding ecology is still scarce, Vrcibradic, 2003; Drummond et al., 2010). particularly for many species of the rich snake fauna Here we report four interesting findings that came of the Neotropics (e.g., Marques and Sazima, 1997; from the examination of a single specimen of Clelia Hartmann and Marques, 2005; Gaiarsa et al., 2013; plumbea housed in a scientific collection: (1) two new Roberto and Souza, 2020). The frequency of prey items records of prey items for C. plumbea; (2) an unusual found in the stomachs of specimens collected or housed food item found in the stomach of the Yellow-bellied in scientific collections is low (e.g., Vitt and Vangilder, Puffing-snake (Spilotes sulphureus) eaten by the C. 1983; Marques and Sazima, 1997) and the observation plumbea; (3) the second record of C. plumbea in the of a predation event in the field is rare and unpredictable state of Maranhão; and (4) the second record of S. -
Achacachi Hoja 5845 I Bolivia 1:50.000
ACHACACHI HOJA 5845 I BOLIVIA 1:50.000 CHILIPINA 5 KM. WARISATA 3 KM. RINCONADA 9 KM. 68 45' 5 40' 5 35' 5 68 30' 16 00' TERRAPLEN Estancia 16 00' Chijipina HUERHUACA Bofedal LAGO TITICACA PANPAJA 82 30 82 HUARCO Granja Belen Ecia.Tamaya PAMPA ISLA Bofedal BM 3816 Capilla Santiago Canton Tacamara Escuela 29 Nueva de Tamaya Estancia Ocurani Capilla Exaltacion PAMPA Bofedal JOKHO CHUNCHO LOMA NIEVE PATA PAMPA JURNO CHINA 28 Escuela Ocurani Cm d. Chahuira Escuela Capilla San Diego PUCURU Tamaya Grande LACA PAMPA 4389 Bofedal Laguna BM 3821 PAMPA CHARAJACHI Copazani 27 Achacachi Cementerio Escuelas Avichaca Lguna Pata Cm d. Chahuira Chico Agua PAMPA QUENA QUENANI Estancia Casa Amaya Escuela Churubamba Cplla de la Cruz Cplla Concepcion Capilla Concepcion Cementerio Cementerio Co. Avichaca Cementerio 4027 Cem 26 PAMPA KHOANI PAMPA KKOTA da. K 3948 Cm d. Chahuira Grande Escuela Calachaca 4329 Bofedal Cerro Minasi 25 CACHILIPI PAMPA KOLLPANI Estancia Charahui Bofedal BM 3836 Bofedal PAMPA LAGUNA KELLHUANI PAMPA LARAM PUYA Cementerio Bofedal Comunidad KHALA CHACA Cplla Candelaria Japuraya LAGUNA Muro 24 Estancia Corpa Putu Estancia Masaya TOTOR KKOTA Escuela Kala Kala Cplla Asuncion Esc Evangelica Corpa Putu Bofedal Cementerio Cerro Surimarca 3988 4055 HUANA JAHUIRA 23 3904 Esc. Punkun Huyu Cerro Tunusa PAMPA SAYHUANI Cerro Pucara 4007 Estancia Tunusa Bofedal 4055 Capilla Pentecostes (Nva) Estancia Akjerana Bajo PAMPA UMAJAHUIRA 3971 Cerro Huaychu Pata 3970 Cem Bofedal Estancia Wanacu Capilla Pentecostes Capilla de la Cruz Loma Pakkollu PAMPA QUELA HUARAKHA 22 05' 05' Cerro Kelani Muro PAMPA SORA PHUURU 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38Capilla de la Cruz 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Bofedal47 48 49 50 Estancia Chachacomani51 52 53 Cancha de Futbol Bofedal Bofedal Estancia Pajchani Moino Estancia Punkun Huyo Ecia Pajchani Capilla de la Cruz 21 Capilla San Juan Cerro Kharka Hujchinca Estancia Akjerana Alto BM 3876 Bofedal Capilla La Cruz KIRUSAMANA Estancia Kasina Bofedal Capilla Asuncion TAYPI LOMA Co Kehuencalla Esc. -
World Bank Document
The World Bank Report No: ISR4433 Implementation Status & Results Bolivia Lake Titicaca Local Sustainable Development (P101426) Operation Name: Lake Titicaca Local Sustainable Development (P101426) Project Stage: Implementation Seq.No: 9 Status: ARCHIVED Archive Date: Country: Bolivia Approval FY: 2008 Public Disclosure Authorized Product Line:IBRD/IDA Region: LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN Lending Instrument: Specific Investment Loan Implementing Agency(ies): Fondo de Inversion Productiva y Social (FPS), Vice Ministry of Tourism Key Dates Board Approval Date 20-Dec-2007 Original Closing Date 30-Jun-2013 Planned Mid Term Review Date 09-Jul-2012 Last Archived ISR Date 23-Feb-2011 Public Disclosure Copy Effectiveness Date 01-Dec-2008 Revised Closing Date 30-Jun-2013 Actual Mid Term Review Date Project Development Objectives Project Development Objective (from Project Appraisal Document) The objective of the Project is to contribute to local sustainable development in the Recipient's side of the Lake Titicaca watershed. Has the Project Development Objective been changed since Board Approval of the Project? Yes No Public Disclosure Authorized Component(s) Component Name Component Cost Basic Services 9.00 Tourism Support 7.00 Technical Assistance 4.00 Overall Ratings Previous Rating Current Rating Progress towards achievement of PDO Moderately Unsatisfactory Moderately Unsatisfactory Overall Implementation Progress (IP) Moderately Unsatisfactory Moderately Unsatisfactory Overall Risk Rating Public Disclosure Authorized Implementation Status Overview For technical reasons and those related to disbursement and contract management it was decided to implement the project in two phases: (a) Phase 1 would include (i) the execution by the Vice ministry of Tourism of consultancies that have been contracted up to the date of the supervision mission, the activities of institutional strengthening associated with international markets; and (ii) have the remaining of the components of infrastructure be executed by FPS. -
Book Review: Los Mamíferos De La Provincia De Jujuy, Argentina
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications in the Biological Sciences Papers in the Biological Sciences 2004 Book Review: Los Mamíferos de la Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina Federico G. Hoffmann University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscifacpub Part of the Life Sciences Commons Hoffmann, Federico G., "Book Review: Los Mamíferos de la Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina" (2004). Faculty Publications in the Biological Sciences. 48. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscifacpub/48 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications in the Biological Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. BOOK REVIEWS Journal of Mammalogy, 85(3):581–584, 2004 includes information about habits, ecology, comparisons with other species, and any noteworthy observations. A black and Dı´az, M. M., and R. Barquez. 2002. LOS MAMI´FEROS DE LA white drawing of the animal follows the descriptions, together PROVINCIA DE JUJUY,ARGENTINA. Literature of Latin America, with drawings of skulls and, occasionally, teeth. Buenos Aires, Argentina, 326 pp. ISBN 950-9725-54-4 price The book’s introduction could have been more comprehen- (paper), $15. sive, and, considering the altitudinal variation encountered, a topographic map would be helpful. Those unfamiliar with the The province of Jujuy lies in the northwestern corner of area likely would also appreciate a more extensive overview of Argentina, abutting Chile and Bolivia in the west and northeast, the region’s flora and fauna. -
Range Extension and Geographic Distribution of the Poorly Known Species, Contomastix Leachei Peracca, 1897
Check List 9(4): 844–846, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution N Range extension and geographic distribution of the poorly known species, Contomastix leachei Peracca, 1897 ISTRIBUTIO (Squamata: Teiidae) D 1,2* 1 1 RAPHIC Federico José Arias , Francisco Barrios and Antonio Palavecino G EO G 1 Universidad Nacional de Salta, Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del Noa (IBIGEO). Avenida Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina.. N 2 Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Caixa Postal 11.46 1, CEP 05422-970, São Paulo, Brazil. O * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] OTES N Abstract: The records of distribution of Contomastix leachei Peracca, 1897 indicate that this species is endemic of Southeast Jujuy Province, occurring only in the Ledesma Department. Here, we report the southernmost known locality of this species, from Alemanía, Salta Province, Argentina. This record represents the southern limit of distribution of the species. We also provide an updated range map for this species based on data from museum records and field studies. The Contomastix genus was recently proposed by transition”, which is characterized by being drier than the Harvey et al. (2012) for grouping the species of the “Yungas sensu stricto”, with vegetation typical of the semi- formerly called Cnemidophorus lacertoides group (Cei arid Chaco and “Chaco serrano” ecotones (Brown et al. 1993) in a monophyletic cluster. Five species are currently 2002). recognized for this new genus: C. lacertoides, C. leachei, In order to evaluate the taxonomic status of the C.