114°E Hong Kong Reef Fish Survey 2016
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FANTASTIC FISHES AND WHERE TO FIND THEM 114˚E HONG KONG REEF FISH SURVEY SUMMARY REPORT 2016 - 2020 114˚E Hong Kong Reef Fish Survey Summary Report for the period of 1st July 2016 to 30th June 2020 Project supported by: The Swire Group Charitable Trust Report submitted on: 30th September 2020 This report was prepared by BLOOM ASSOCIATION HONG KONG For enquiries, please contact [email protected] Cover photo by Eric Keung Photography Back cover photo by Siukin Wong P H O T O B Y ˚ KATHLEEN HO DIVE IN TO DISCOVER THE WORLD OF REEF FISHES All reef fish photos in this report were taken by 114˚E Survey volunteers in Hong Kong waters ii iii “114˚E is a really excellent project - a great mix of “In terms of building discovery and sharing, and expertise and collecting an opportunity for divers valuable marine fish data, to show to Hong Kong nothing compares to what amazing creatures this project. Long may it live right on the city’s continue.” doorstep.” Dr. Andy Cornish Prof. Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson iv Authors of REEF FISHES OF HONG KONG published in 2000 v ALL ABOUT 114°E AT A GLANCE NEW TO HONG KONG 114°E DIVE SITES “I DIVED WITH 114°E” OUTREACH-CONNECT-INSPIRE MILESTONES & HIGHLIGHTS 114°E EVALUATION P H O T O B Y ˚ CARON WONG vi vii ALL ABOUT P H O T O B Y ˚ SAM INGLIS 114°E P H O T O B Y ˚SIUKIN WONG Since July 2016, 114˚E Hong torically high fishing pressures, include species diversity, quali- Kong Reef Fish Survey (114˚E habitat destruction and degra- tative abundance, and distribu- 114˚E SURVEY OBJECTIVES Survey) has embarked on a con- dation, uninformed fish release tion. Once collected, the data tinuous survey of Hong Kong’s activities and a general lack of could ultimately be used to gain • Establish baseline data for Hong Kong’s reef fish species and col- reef fish, with the aims of creat- understanding of the state of a better understanding in the lect comprehensive and up-to-date monitoring data ing a database that is scientifical- our marine ecosystem, our reefs long-term changes in local reef Purpose: ly accurate and up-to-date, and are facing growing challenges to fish presence, changes in species Empower and mobilize citizen scientists to join in the work of usable by acadmics, in informing survival. Most importantly, docu- dominance, prevalence of alien • To establish baseline data collection, education and conservation policy making and educating mentation and status updates on and invasive species, important knowledge of Hong the general public. Previous to local reef fish species are scarce, sites for reef fish diversity, and Kong reef fish through the official commencement, two so we may not even know what the local reef ecology in gener- underwater scientific • Promote appreciation and encourage further research for a great- years of trial surveys were con- we are losing. al. The long-term and reliable dives by citizen sci- er understanding of Hong Kong’s marine reef fish and wildlife ducted from 2014 to 2016 to test 114˚E Survey aims to reinvigo- data can also be used to inform entists, overseen and out methodologies. rate the interest for Hong Kong’s future conservation actions, en- guided by the project’s • Contribute to Hong Kong’s fulfilment of the Biodiversity Strategy After decades of overexploita- marine life among Hong Kong vironmental impact assessments marine researchers. and Action Plan and support positive marine policy changes tion, Hong Kong’s reef and people, and to fill gaps in the (EIAs), species conservation marine environment has become existing knowledge of local reef assessments and other academic increasingly strained. With his- fishes. Information collected and scientific research. Working Group The Working Group is comprised of marine and ecology scientists and academics, formed for the purposes of preserving the scientific validity of the project’s methodology, ensuring that operations align with the initial objectives and providing expert advise on species identification. Members of the working group include (in no particular order): Professor Yvonne Sadovy (Hong Kong), Dr. Shao Kwang-Tsao (Tai- wan) Dr. Andy Cornish (Hong Kong), Dr. Allen To (Hong Kong), Dr. Calton Law (Hong Kong), Dr. Liu Min (Xiamen, China), and Dr. Cynthia Yau (Hong Kong). Fish Identification Support Throughout the project, the 114˚E Survey was very fortunate to have had the support of many experts in species identification, particularly for the confirmation of new-to-Hong Kong species. The 114˚E Survey is particularly grateful for the help of Chen Ching-Yi and Dr. Chen Hong- Ming from Taiwan, for their continuous support and expert advice. P H O T O B Y ˚ SAM INGLIS 2 P H O T O B Y ˚ SAM INGLIS 3 AT A GLANCE NEW-TO-HONG TOTAL SPECIES RARE SPECIES DIVE SITES KONG SPECIES IN DATABASE ENCOUNTERED VISITED DISCOVERIES DAYS OF SURVEYS DATA SHEETS HOURS CITIZENS AS COLLECTED UNDERWATER VOLUNTEERS 4 P H O T O B Y ˚ MARCO CHAN 5 UNDERWATER CUMULATIVE TOTAL 400 SPECIES COUNT y = 0.9612x + 167.32 R² = 0.9293 no. of species>>> no. of dives >>> 250 Even with increasing survey effort, the cu- species for Hong Kong’s waters, and to date mulative count of species documented by only around 400 have been documented. To the survey continues to rise. This rising trend generate a complete and up-to-date reef indicates the potential for more species to fish species list for Hong Kong, survey efforts be uncovered in Hong Kong. Existing lit- must continue until the cumulative total erature has predicted at least 500 reef fish plateaus. P H O T O B Y ˚ERIC KEUNG PHOTOGRAPHY 6 7 NEW TO HONG KONG P H O T O B Y ˚STAN SHEA Being one of the few organised survey efforts in the past two decades to research the local reef fish status, the 114˚E Sur- vey had anticipated the discovery of species that were not previously documented in official records. The number of such species discovered, however, far exceeded the project’s original expectations. In just 4 years of surveys, 35 species new to Hong Kong’s official records were discovered and confirmed. Several more potentially new species records were also documented and pending experts’ confirmation on identification. P H O T O B Y ˚CALTON LAW P H O T O B Y ˚KAMY YEUNG P H O T O B Y ˚YIU WAI HONG Interestingly, several of the new species are considered tropical species. While Hong Kong waters within these spe- cies’ natural distribution, it is uncommon to find them thriv- ing in sub-tropcial environments such as Hong Kong. The phenomenom is observed elsewhere as evidence of the im- pact of climate change, where species are shifting from their typical ranges with changing climates, but this has not yet been documented in Hong Kong or neighouring regions. The survey finding therefore raises an interesting question of whether or not the appearance of these new tropical spe- cies in Hong Kong also carry the story of climate change. P H O T O B Y ˚KATHLEEN HO P H O T O B Y ˚DR ALLEN TO P H O T O B Y ˚KAMY YEUNG To find the answers, the 114˚E Survey will continue analyses on future discoveries of new species records. In addition, the related survey data has been submitted to academics to further research and investigations. Rare species Apart from new species records, the 114˚E Survey has also recorded at least 141 species that are considered rare for Hong Kong, constituting over 1/3 of the total species record. These findings are evidence that, contrary to what is com- P H O T O B Y ˚RYAN CHENG P H O T O B Y ˚GIGI CHEUNG P H O T O B Y ˚CARON WONG monly thought, Hong Kong’s marine life still have immense research and conservation value, and the marine environ- New to Hong Kong records: ment is not at all barren. 1. Acanthurus xanthopterus | 5. Aspidontus taeniatus | 9. Chaetodon adiergastos 2. Amblyeleotris japonica | 6. Bodianus dictynna | 10. Cheilodipterus species 3. Amblygobius nocturnus | 7. Canthigaster papua | 11. Chromis fumea 8 4. Arothron mappa | 8. Canthigaster valentine | 12. Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura 9 P H O T O B Y ˚STAN SHEA P H O T O B Y ˚DR ALLEN TO P H O T O B Y ˚DR ALLEN TO P H O T O B Y ˚TERESA MA P H O T O B Y ˚STAN SHEA P H O T O B Y ˚RENEE LAM P H O T O B Y ˚KATHLEEN HO P H O T O B Y ˚CALTON LAW P H O T O B Y ˚DR ANDY CORNISH P H O T O B Y ˚STAN SHEA Rare species encounter! The Short dragonfish Eurypegasus( draconis) is an ex- tremely rare species, observed only once throughout the entire project period. The species is classified as Vulnerable (VU) under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with observedly decreasing population trends. P H O T O B Y ˚GOMEN SEE P H O T O B Y ˚STAN SHEA P H O T O B Y ˚DR ALLEN TO New to Hong Kong records (cont’d): 1. Diodon hystrix | 5. Halichoeres marginatus | 9. Naso unicornis 2. Echidna polyzona | 6. Halichoeres melanochir | 10. Parapercis millepunctata 3. Gymnothorax albimarginatus | 7. Istigobius hoshinonis | 11. Parapercis tetracantha 4. Halichoeres hartzfeldii | 8. Myripristis botche | 12. Parapriacanthus species 10 11 P H O T O B Y ˚DR ANDY CORNISH P H O T O B Y ˚BRIAN LAM P H O T O B Y ˚CARON WONG P H O T O B Y ˚MARCO CHAN P H O T O B Y ˚KAMY YEUNG P H O T O B Y ˚RYAN TSANG P H O T O B Y ˚DR ANDY CORNISH P H O T O B Y ˚DR ALLEN TO P H O T O B Y ˚fFRANCIS TSANG Rare species encounter! An Orbicular batfish Platax( orbicularis).