The Role of Shaikh-Ul-Hind Maulana Mahmud-Ul-Hasan in the Indian Freedom Movement
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The Role of Deobandi Ulema in Strengthening the Foundations of Indian Freedom Movement (1857-1924)
The Role of Deobandi Ulema in Strengthening the Foundations of Indian Freedom Movement (1857-1924) The Role of Deobandi Ulema in Strengthening the Foundations of Indian Freedom Movement (1857-1924) * Turab-ul-Hassan Sargana **Khalil Ahmed ***Shahid Hassan Rizvi Abstract The main objective of the present study is to explain the role of the Deobandi faction of scholars in Indian Freedom Movement. In fact, there had been different schools of thought who supported the Movement and their works and achievements cannot be forgotten. Historically, Ulema played a key role in the politics of subcontinent and the contribution of Dar ul Uloom Deoband, Mazahir-ul- Uloom (Saharanpur), Madrassa Qasim-ul-Uloom( Muradabad), famous madaris of Deobandi faction is a settled fact. Their role became both effective and emphatic with the passage of time when they sided with the All India Muslim League. Their role and services in this historic episode is the focus of the study in hand. Keywords: Deoband, Aligarh Movement, Khilafat, Muslim League, Congress Ulama in Politics: Retrospect: Besides performing their religious obligations, the religious ulema also took part in the War of Freedom 1857, similar to the other Indians, and it was only due to their active participation that the movement became in line and determined. These ulema used the pen and sword to fight against the British and it is also a fact that ordinary causes of 1857 War were blazed by these ulema. Mian Muhammad Shafi writes: Who says that the fire lit by Sayyid Ahmad was extinguished or it had cooled down? These were the people who encouraged Muslims and the Hindus to fight against the British in 1857. -
Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan
Politics of Exclusion: Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan by Sadia Saeed A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) in The University of Michigan 2010 Doctoral Committee: Professor George P. Steinmetz, Chair Professor Howard A. Kimeldorf Associate Professor Fatma Muge Gocek Associate Professor Genevieve Zubrzycki Professor Mamadou Diouf, Columbia University © Sadia Saeed 2010 2 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents with my deepest love, respect and gratitude for the innumerable ways they have supported my work and choices. ii Acknowledgements I would like to begin by acknowledging the immense support my parents have given me every step of the way during my (near) decade in graduate school. I have dedicated this dissertation to them. My ammi and baba have always believed in my capabilities to accomplish not only this dissertation but much more in life and their words of love and encouragement have continuously given me the strength and the will to give my research my very best. My father‘s great enthusiasm for this project, his intellectual input and his practical help and advice during the fieldwork of this project have been formative to this project. I would like to thank my dissertation advisor George Steinmetz for the many engaged conversations about theory and methods, for always pushing me to take my work to the next level and above all for teaching me to recognize and avoid sloppiness, caricatures and short-cuts. It is to him that I owe my greatest intellectual debt. -
Nationalism in India Lesson
DC-1 SEM-2 Paper: Nationalism in India Lesson: Beginning of constitutionalism in India Lesson Developer: Anushka Singh Research scholar, Political Science, University of Delhi 1 Institute of Lifelog learning, University of Delhi Content: Introducing the chapter What is the idea of constitutionalism A brief history of the idea in the West and its introduction in the colony The early nationalists and Indian Councils Act of 1861 and 1892 More promises and fewer deliveries: Government of India Acts, 1909 and 1919 Post 1919 developments and India’s first attempt at constitution writing Government of India Act 1935 and the building blocks to a future constitution The road leading to the transfer of power The theory of constitutionalism at work Conclusion 2 Institute of Lifelog learning, University of Delhi Introduction: The idea of constitutionalism is part of the basic idea of liberalism based on the notion of individual’s right to liberty. Along with other liberal notions,constitutionalism also travelled to India through British colonialism. However, on the one hand, the ideology of liberalism guaranteed the liberal rightsbut one the other hand it denied the same basic right to the colony. The justification to why an advanced liberal nation like England must colonize the ‘not yet’ liberal nation like India was also found within the ideology of liberalism itself. The rationale was that British colonialism in India was like a ‘civilization mission’ to train the colony how to tread the path of liberty.1 However, soon the English educated Indian intellectual class realised the gap between the claim that British Rule made and the oppressive and exploitative reality of colonialism.Consequently,there started the movement towards autonomy and self-governance by Indians. -
The Khilafat Movement in India 1919-1924
THE KHILAFAT MOVEMENT IN INDIA 1919-1924 VERHANDELINGEN VAN HET KONINKLIJK INSTITUUT VOOR T AAL-, LAND- EN VOLKENKUNDE 62 THE KHILAFAT MOVEMENT IN INDIA 1919-1924 A. C. NIEMEIJER THE HAGUE - MAR TINUS NIJHOFF 1972 I.S.B.N.90.247.1334.X PREFACE The first incentive to write this book originated from a post-graduate course in Asian history which the University of Amsterdam organized in 1966. I am happy to acknowledge that the university where I received my training in the period from 1933 to 1940 also provided the stimulus for its final completion. I am greatly indebted to the personal interest taken in my studies by professor Dr. W. F. Wertheim and Dr. J. M. Pluvier. Without their encouragement, their critical observations and their advice the result would certainly have been of less value than it may be now. The same applies to Mrs. Dr. S. C. L. Vreede-de Stuers, who was prevented only by ill-health from playing a more active role in the last phase of preparation of this thesis. I am also grateful to professor Dr. G. F. Pijper who was kind enough to read the second chapter of my book and gave me valuable advice. Beside this personal and scholarly help I am indebted for assistance of a more technical character to the staff of the India Office Library and the India Office Records, and also to the staff of the Public Record Office, who were invariably kind and helpful in guiding a foreigner through the intricacies of their libraries and archives. -
Siddique Phd Complete File for CD March 2020
RELIGIO-POLITICAL THOUGHTS OF MAULANA WAHIDUDDIN KHAN By SIDDIQUE AHMAD SHAH PhD Thesis DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR Session: 2011-2012 RELIGIO-POLITICAL THOUGHTS OF MAULANA WAHIDUDDIN KHAN A Thesis Submitted to the Department of History, University of Peshawar in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By SIDDIQUE AHMAD SHAH DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR Session: 2011-2012 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis entitled “Religio-Political Thoughts of Maulana Wahiduddin Khan” submitted by Siddique Ahmad Shah in partial fulfillment of requirements for award of Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History is hereby approved. __________________________ External Examiner __________________________ Supervisor Dr. Syed Waqar Ali Shah Department of History University of Peshawar _________________________ Chairman Department of History University of Peshawar DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis entitled “Religio-Political Thoughts of Maulana Wahiduddin Khan” is the outcome of my individual research and it has not been submitted concurrently to any other university for any other degree. Siddique Ahmad Shah PhD Scholar FORWARDING SHEET The thesis entitled “Religio-Political Thoughts of Maulana Wahiduddin Khan ” submitted by Siddique Ahmad Shah , in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History has been completed under my guidance and supervision. I am satisfied with the quality of this research work. Dated: (Dr. Syed Waqar Ali Shah) (Supervisor) To My wife Table of Contents S. No Title Page No. 1. Glossary i 2. Acknowledgements vi 3. Abstract viii 4. Introduction 1-11 5. CHAPTER 1 12-36 Early Life, Education, Mission and Features of Personality 6. -
A Survey of Urdu Literature, 1850-1975 by Shamsur Rahman Faruqi
Conflict, Transition, and Hesitant Resolution: A Survey Of Urdu Literature, 1850-1975 by Shamsur Rahman Faruqi [Note: the definitive version of this article was published in K. M. George, ed., Modern Indian Literature--An Anthology; Volume One: Surveys and Poems (New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1992), pp. 420-442.] For much of North India, the world changed twice in 1857. It first changed in May, when columns of Company soldiers marched into Delhi and proclaimed the end of Company Bahadur's rule. The world changed again in September, by which time it was clear that the brief Indian summer of Indian rule was decisively over. If the first change was violent and disorderly, it was also fired by a desperate hope, and a burning anger. Anger had generated hope--hope that the supercilious and brutal foreigner, who understood so little of Indian values and Indian culture, could still be driven out, that he was not a supernatural force, or an irrevocable curse on the land of Hindustan. The events of 1857-1858 drove the anger underground, and destroyed the hope. The defeat, dispersal, and death of the rebels signalled the end of an age, and the ushering in of a new order. It was an order which was essentially established by force, but which sought to legitimate itself on the grounds of moral superiority. It claimed that its physical supremacy resulted from its superior intellectual apparatus and ethical code, rather than merely from an advantage in numbers or resources. It was thus quite natural for the English to try to change Indian society from both the inside and outside. -
2015? A) Sultan Bin Abd Al- Aziz Al- Saud B) Nayef Bin Abd Al- Aziz Al- Saud C) Salman Bin Abd Al- Aziz Al- Saud D) Fahd Bin Abd Al- Aziz Al- Saud
15616 120 MINUTES 1. Shaqq al- Sadr event means: A) Ascension of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) as statesman of Madinah B) Splitting of the chest of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) C) Historic win in the battle of Badr D) None of the above 2. Aam an- Hazn means: A) Year of Remorse B) Year of Gratitude C) Year of Sorrow D) Year of Recompense 3. Arrange the event chronologically: i) Demise of Abi Talib ii) Harb al- Basus iii) Hunt for Sajah iv) Prophet Muhammad (SAW) journey to Taif A) iv, iii, i, ii B) ii, i, iv, iii C) i, iii, iv, ii D) iii, iv, ii, i 4. The significant virtue related to the conquest of Makkah: A) Enemy of Islam surrendered after heavy fighting B) Abu Sufiyan and Hinda professed Islam C) Islamisation of Arabia accomplished D) It was a bloodless conquest 5. Invasion and conquest of Ghurid dynasty in India led to the: A) Drain in the wealth B) Unification of Indian rulers under one command of Dahir C) Foundation of Delhi Sultanate D) All of the above 6. Tughlaqs were: A) Arabs B) Mongols C) Turks D) Persians 7. Which century marks the introduction of Islam in the Indian Sub-Continent? A) 6th century AD B) 7th century AD C) 8th century AD D) None of the above 8. Mujahidin Movement originated against: A) Sikhs B) Hindus C) Jains D) Buddhist 9. The sufistic notion propounded by Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi in negation to Ibn Arabi is: A) Wahdat al- Qaim B) Wahdat al- Haqq C) Wahdat al- Wujud D) Wahdat al- Shuhud 10. -
Introduction 1
Notes Introduction 1 . See Ella Shohat, “Notes on the ‘Post-Colonial,’” Social Text 31/32 (1992), 103; and Arif Dirlik, “The Postcolonial Aura: Third World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism,” Critical Inquiry 20/2 (1994), 328–56. 2 . S e e D i p e s h C h a k r a b a r t y , Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2001). 3 . Beginning with Carlo Coppola’s PhD dissertation, Urdu Poetry—The Progressive Episode 1935–1970 , University of Chicago, 1975, we are fortu- nate to have some excellent studies of the Progressive Writers’ Movement. See, for example, Khizar Humayun Ansari’s, The Emergence of Socialist Thought Among North Indian Muslims (1917–1947) (Lahore: Shirkat Printing Press, 1990). 4 . See Yunus Javed’s comprehensive study of the history and activities of this important parallel organization: Halqa-e Arbab-e Zauq: Tanzim, Tahrik, Nazaria (Islamabad: Dost Publications, 2003). 5 . I am grateful to Dr. Naimur Rahman Farooqi, for making available the merit list of graduating students in 1940 and 1942. 6 . The critical-essays volumes are separate from the “Jhalkiyan” corpus. 7 . I discuss this in chapter 3 . 8 . See Stephen O. Murray’s empathetic and convincing essay, “The Will Not to Know: Islamic Accommodations of Male Homosexuality,” in Islamic Homosexualities, Culture, History and Literature , ed. Stephen Murray and Will Roscoe (New York: New York University Press, 1997), 14–54. Apparently tales of Askari and Firaq’s “relationship” were common in Allahabad in those days, though almost impossible to find recorded. -
Morley Minto Reforms to Civil Disobedience Movement Indian Councils Act(1909) - Minto- Morley Reforms
Morley Minto Reforms to Civil Disobedience Movement Indian Councils Act(1909) - Minto- Morley Reforms ● Act increased the number of elected members in the imperial & provincial legislative councils. ● 1st attempt at introducing a representative & popular element: Direct election for some seats along with nominations for the others. ● At least 1 Indian in the Viceroy’s Executive Council ( Satyendra Sinha was the 1st to be appointed as the law member ). Separate Electorate ● Reforms introduced the system of separate electorates. ● Act ‘legalised communalism’ & Minto came to be known as the Father of Communal Electorate. Delhi Darbar(1911) ❑ Set up to welcome King George V. ❑ Decisions taken during this were: ❑ Annulment of Partition of Bengal but Separation of Bihar & Orissa from Bengal ❑ Transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi in 1912 The Ghadr ❑ The Ghadr Party was a revolutionary group organized around a weekly newspaper. ❑ The Ghadr had its headquarters at San Francisco. ❑ These revolutionaries included mainly ex-soldiers & peasants who had migrated from the Punjab in search of better employment opportunities. Continued… ❑ They were based in the US & Canadian cities along the western (Pacific) coast. ❑ To carry out revolutionary activities, the earlier activists had set up a 'Swadesh Sevak Home' at Vancouver & 'United India House' in Seattle. ❑ Tarak Nath Das, an Indian student started a paper called Free Hindustan. Where were the Ghadr revolutionaries , who became active during the outbreak of the World War I based? (a) Central America (b) North America (c) West America (d) South America Komagata Maru incident ❑ Komagata Maru was the name of a ship which was carrying 376 passengers, mainly Sikh & Punjabi Muslim would-be immigrants, from Hongkong to Vancouver. -
Mufti Muhammad Shafi and Tafsir Maariful Qur’An; an Introduction & Review
MUFTI MUHAMMAD SHAFI AND TAFSIR MAARIFUL QUR’AN; AN INTRODUCTION & REVIEW Muhammad Shahab Ashraf Khatak Department of Islamic Studies & Arabic, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan ABSTRACT After the war of indepence1857 the Muslims of India were governed by the British Empire for the period of a century. During this period different movements for the independence for Indian Muslims were raised. Among them there was a movement of Deoband, which was actually an educational movement for survival of Muslim. The renounced scholars of Deoband school of thought presented the literature for the strong ideological training of muslims, so that they could have implemented the islamic instrcuctions in their lives. In this connection the contribution of Maulana Mufti Muhammad Shafi were remarkable who devoted his life for preaching the ideology of Islam. He compiled a huge number of books for the betterment in social and moral life of Muslims. He presented the urdu translation and commentary (Tafseer) of the Holy Qura'an which is a unique commentary. In this article the introduction of Maulana Mufti Muhammad Shafi and the characteristics of his Tafseer Maarif ul Quran are presented. Key words: Mufti Shafi, Urdu Quranic Commentary, Maarif ul Quran, Tafsir in Pakistan INTRODUCTION N.W.F.P) where Muslims of this At the time when Mufti Muhammad province vote of Pakistan through a Shafi a great religious research scholar referendum due to the efforts of these of Indo Pakistan, was teaching at Darul Ulama. After great struggle when Uloom Deoband, Muslims of the Pakistan came into being, Shabbir subcontinent were striving for Ahmad Usmani invited his friends, independence from the British Rule. -
Defining Shariʿa the Politics of Islamic Judicial Review by Shoaib
Defining Shariʿa The Politics of Islamic Judicial Review By Shoaib A. Ghias A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Jurisprudence and Social Policy in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Malcolm M. Feeley, Chair Professor Martin M. Shapiro Professor Asad Q. Ahmed Summer 2015 Defining Shariʿa The Politics of Islamic Judicial Review © 2015 By Shoaib A. Ghias Abstract Defining Shariʿa: The Politics of Islamic Judicial Review by Shoaib A. Ghias Doctor of Philosophy in Jurisprudence and Social Policy University of California, Berkeley Professor Malcolm M. Feeley, Chair Since the Islamic resurgence of the 1970s, many Muslim postcolonial countries have established and empowered constitutional courts to declare laws conflicting with shariʿa as unconstitutional. The central question explored in this dissertation is whether and to what extent constitutional doctrine developed in shariʿa review is contingent on the ruling regime or represents lasting trends in interpretations of shariʿa. Using the case of Pakistan, this dissertation contends that the long-term discursive trends in shariʿa are determined in the religio-political space and only reflected in state law through the interaction of shariʿa politics, regime politics, and judicial politics. The research is based on materials gathered during fieldwork in Pakistan and datasets of Federal Shariat Court and Supreme Court cases and judges. In particular, the dissertation offers a political-institutional framework to study shariʿa review in a British postcolonial court system through exploring the role of professional and scholar judges, the discretion of the chief justice, the system of judicial appointments and tenure, and the political structure of appeal that combine to make courts agents of the political regime. -
The Black Hole of Empire
Th e Black Hole of Empire Th e Black Hole of Empire History of a Global Practice of Power Partha Chatterjee Princeton University Press Princeton and Oxford Copyright © 2012 by Princeton University Press Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to Permissions, Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chatterjee, Partha, 1947- Th e black hole of empire : history of a global practice of power / Partha Chatterjee. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-691-15200-4 (hardcover : alk. paper)— ISBN 978-0-691-15201-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Bengal (India)—Colonization—History—18th century. 2. Black Hole Incident, Calcutta, India, 1756. 3. East India Company—History—18th century. 4. Imperialism—History. 5. Europe—Colonies—History. I. Title. DS465.C53 2011 954'.14029—dc23 2011028355 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available Th is book has been composed in Adobe Caslon Pro Printed on acid-free paper. ∞ Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To the amazing surgeons and physicians who have kept me alive and working This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Illustrations ix Preface xi Chapter One Outrage in Calcutta 1 Th e Travels of a Monument—Old Fort William—A New Nawab—Th e Fall