The Mineral Industries of Burkina Faso and Côte D'ivoire in 2014
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2014 Minerals Yearbook BURKINA FASO AND CÔTE D’IVOIRE [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. Department of the Interior August 2017 U.S. Geological Survey THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES OF BURKINA FASO AND CÔTE D’IVOIRE By Omayra Bermúdez-Lugo BURKINA FASO information from ACM Corp., the company that operated the mine, was not publicly available as of yearend. Managanese ore In 2014, Burkina Faso’s mineral sector accounted for production was therefore estimated to have remained at about 8.4% of the country’s real gross domestic product (GDP). the same level as the latest year (2011) for which production Gold continued to be the country’s most important mineral data were available. Burkina Faso began producing zinc in 2013. commodity, accounting for about 66% of total exports and 8.6% Zinc production more than doubled during the year as a result of of total Government revenue (excluding grants). Burkina Faso the ramping up of operations at the Perkoa Mine. Production of produced about 1% of world mined gold in 2013 (the latest year lead concentrate was estimated to have increased by about 12% for which revised world gold production data were available). to 2,500 metric tons (t) based on increased production at the Most gold production came from industrial mining operations Perkoa Mine. Cement production, as reported by the National although artisanal miners were estimated to have the capacity to Institute of Statistics, decreased by 30.5% to 403,000 t. Data on produce between 5,000 and 10,000 kilograms (kg) of gold per mineral production are in table 1. year; information on gold produced by artisanal miners in 2014 was inadequate to make reliable estimates of output. In 2012, Structure of the Mineral Industry the International Monetary Fund reported that gold production Mining operations in Burkina Faso were privately owned. data discrepancies among Burkinabe Government agencies The Government held a 10% free-carried interest in the were significant, varying by as much as 6,900 kg. Monitoring majority of these operations. Table 2 is a list of major mineral artisanal gold mining operations in Burkina Faso continued to industry facilities. be a challenge as these operations were scattered throughout the country in remote areas without much Government oversight Commodity Review (Dayo, Sylla, and Sabo, 2015, p. 5; International Monetary Fund, 2014, p. 14; 2015, p. 25, 27). Metals Other minerals produced in the country included cement, lead, manganese, silver, and zinc. Dolomite, granite, marble, phosphate Gold.—Production of gold from the Inata Mine decreased rock, salt, sand and gravel, and other construction materials by about 27% to 2,676 kg of gold in 2014 compared with were also produced, but information was inadequate to make 3,684 kg in 2013. The decrease in production was attributed reliable estimates of output. Legislation to implement proposed to the processing of lower grade oxide ore and lower than amendments to Burkina Faso’s mining law was delayed during expected recovery rates at the processing plant, which was idled the year. The proposed amendments included measures to regulate for several weeks at the end of the year as a result of a trade artisanal mining operations; the purchase, sale, and export of gold union strike. The Inata Mine produced gold dore, which was in Burkina Faso; and the tax and royalty regimes for gold mining shipped to South Africa for refining into bullion. London-based (International Monetary Fund, 2015, p. 5). Avocet Mining plc, through its subsidiary Société des Mines de On October 30, a state of emergency was declared in the Bélahouro S.A, was the company that operated the Inata Mine. capital city of Ouagadougou after demonstrations to oust the Avocet’s other mining assets in Burkina Faso included eight incumbent President turned violent, resulting in the burning gold exploration prospects that were located in the Belahouro of the country’s Parliament building, among other acts of district. The company planned to apply for a mining license vandalism. The President was overthrown on October 31 and an in 2016 to develop the Souma gold deposit, which is located interim Government, which was to oversee a transition to new about 20 kilometers (km) east of the Inata Mine. Based on 2014 elections, took office on November 17. Despite this period of market conditions and a gold price assumption of $1,100 per civil unrest, gold mining operations in the country were reported troy ounce, gold reserves at the Inata Mine were expected to be to have continued uninterrupted (IAMGOLD Corp., 2014; depleted by 2017 (Avocet Mining plc, 2015, p. 6–7, 13, 68). Lazenby, 2014; Taoko and Cowell, 2014; Taoko, Cowell, and In August, United Kingdom-based Amara Mining plc Callimachi, 2014). announced the closure of mining operations at the Kalsaka-Sega Mine. Amara’s decision to close the mine was attributed to the Production mine’s underperformance in 2013 and 2014, resulting from the decrease in the international price of gold and to issues related Gold production (not including production from artisanal to company debt. Stockpiled ore from the Sega pit was being gold mining) increased by 10.7% to 36,199 kg from a revised stacked as of yearend and the company expected to recover the 32,713 kg in 2013; silver production from the Bonikro Mine remaining gold from heap-leach processing operations within increased slightly by 2.3% to 585 kg. It was unclear whether 6 months. The Kalsaka-Sega Mine produced 1,096 kg of gold production of manganese ore continued at the Kiere Mine as BURKINA FASO AND CÔTE D’IVOire—2014 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 5.1 in 2014 compared with 1,317 kg in 2013 (Amara Mining plc, of about 1 million metric tons per year (Mt/yr) of manganese 2015, p. 7, 16–17). ore, the refurbishment of a rail line extending from the capital The Youga Mine produced a total of 2,381 kg of gold in 2014 city of Ouagadougou in central Burkina Faso to the city of Kaya compared with 2,782 kg in 2013. Canada-based Endeavour in the northeast, and the construction of a road to connect the Mining Corp. attributed the 14% decrease in production to the planned mine to the rail line. The second phase would include relining of the mill and to a 6-day interruption in operations the export of an additional 2 Mt/yr of manganese ore and the caused by power outages during the third quarter. Endeavour extension of the rail line from Kaya to the Tambao deposit in also held interest in the Houndé gold project, which is located northeastern Burkina Faso (Awoko Newspaper, 2014; Jeune in southwestern Burkina Faso about 250 km from the capital Afrique, 2014; Kable Intelligence Ltd., 2014). city of Ouagadougou. Proven and probable mineral reserves Zinc.—In April, Switzerland-based Glencore plc acquired at Houndé were estimated to be 30.6 million metric tons (Mt) Australia-based Blackthorn Resources Ltd.’s 27.3% interest at an average grade of 2.10 grams per metric ton (g/t) gold. in the Perkoa zinc project. The purchase increased Glencore’s As of yearend, the company was in the process of deciding interest in the project to 90%. Production of zinc more than whether to proceed with a plan to develop a mine. A preliminary doubled to 65,000 t from 32,215 t in 2013; the increase was operational profile estimated average production to be about owing to the ramping-up of operations at Perkoa Mine. As 5,900 kilograms per year (kg/yr) of gold over a mine life of of December 31, 2014, total measured and indicated mineral 10 years (Endeavour Mining Corp., 2015, p. 6, 13–14). resources at Perkoa were reported to be 5.7 Mt at a grade of Gold production from the Taparko-Boroum Mine increased 14% zinc. Ore reserves, which were included in the resource slightly to 3,484 kg from 3,372 kg in 2013, mainly as a result estimate, were 3.8 Mt at a grade of 13% zinc (Swanepoel, 2014; of higher throughput and recovery rates at the processing plant. Glencore plc, 2015, p. 2, 25–26). Netherlands-based Nord Gold N.V. planned to invest nearly $3.9 million in exploration and drilling at the Taparko Mine References Cited in 2015 and $3.1 million at the Bissa Mine. Gold production Amara Mining plc, 2015, Annual report and accounts 2014: London, from the Bissa Mine increased by 14% to 7,798 kg in 2014, United Kingdom, Amara Mining plc, 60 p. (Accessed July 31, 2015, at but was expected to decrease to about 6,200 kg in 2015 http://www.amaramining.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Annual-Report- owing to the mining of lower grade ore. Gold production 2014-final-pdf-version.pdf.) Avocet Mining plc, 2015, Annual report and accounts 2014: London, from the Essakane Mine increased by about 33% to 11,477 kg United Kingdom, Avocet Mining plc, 107 p. (Accessed June 24, 2015, at compared with 8,616 kg in 2013. The increase in production http://www.avocetmining.com/downloads/presentations/presentations_2014/ was mostly the result of the mining of higher grade ore and Avocet-AR-2014.pdf.) improved throughput rates at the processing plant following Awoko Newspaper, 2014, Sierra Leone News—Pan African Minerals awarded exploration license in Burkina Faso: Awoko Newspaper [Freetown, Sierra the commissioning of an expansion program during the first Leone], May 19. (Accessed May 19, 2014, at http://awoko.org/2014/05/19/ quarter of 2014. Canada-based IAMGOLD Corp. expected gold sierra-leone-news-pan-african-minerals-awarded-exploration-license-in- production from the Essakane Mine to range between 11,200 burkina-faso/.) kg and 11,500 kg in 2015 (IAMGOLD Corp., 2015, p.