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ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL of GRADUATE STUDIES Infant Mortality and Maternal Health Care Services in Limu-Seka Wereda, Oromiya Region

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ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL of GRADUATE STUDIES Infant Mortality and Maternal Health Care Services in Limu-Seka Wereda, Oromiya Region ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Infant Mortality and Maternal Health Care Services in Limu-Seka Wereda, Oromiya Region By Tejera Taddele Addis Ababa June, 2010 8\ Tejem Ten/dele 1\ Thesis ~ubll1 it te d lU: institute 01' IJ opulati on Studies I\ ddi s I\bab" LJ ni\ersit) Thesis /\d\'iso r lk Negcllu I{ eg:a~s a( Phd) Addi s Abab'l .rune , 2010 ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Infant Mortality and Maternal Health Care Services in ,,\ Limu-Seka Wereda, Oromiya Region ,t' /i ..,,,.y"" " *' \ji ~ \ ' / {')'~ , ( ' /~~ \' \\: ' .,- " ':J.,..... "" /,,:>{i~ ,,«'-', " B " ",r:' ~~ ~ 'II -' / Tefera T:ddele Tesema ("" ;:~<' ,~(.>~~~ , '/ // Institute of Population Studies College of Development Studies Approved by tile Examillillg Board Dr, Esltetu Gurmu Chainnan, Department Graduate Committee Dr, Negatu Regassa Adviso r Dr. Esltetu Gurmu Examiner 17-{{~ ,----:-: ~ . I Z;!~- ) • I , Acknowledgement I would first and for all like to thank the almighty God for being on the side of me in the efforts towards my completion of the study. This paper would not have been in its final form without the help of various individuals and institutions. I would like to say deep and honest thanks to my advisor, Dr. Negatti Regassa, who has given me his substantive advice, comments and support and enriching criticism throughout the study time. His great interest, encouragement, unreserved and timely support, in checking, commenting and giving constmctive comments all along my activities is most appreciated. I also extend my gratitude to the staff of institute of population studies and my classmates for their unconditional assistance, especially to Wlo Sara, Ato Chalachew and my classmate Seman Kedir. My heart felt thanks goes to my best friends Solomon Kebede and Gedefaw Kassie for their editorial and technical assistance in the preparation of this thesis. My special thanks also go to my friends Wondeson Balcha, Aye/ign Abdela and Henok Nigatu, who gave me material and financial support along with their psychological and moral support. Finally, my gratitude goes to all individuals whose names are not mentioned here, who helped me for their psychological, material and financial support along with their love and devoted motivation all the way throughout my study time. Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge PAU, for its assistance in funding the whole research work and giving this chance. I Lists ofAcronyms and Abbreviations ANC Antenatal Care ARl Acute Respiratory Infection CEB Children Everborn CSA Central Statistical Agency DC Delivery Care DHS Demographic and Health Survey EDHS Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey FGD Focus Group Discussion FIGO International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics FP Family Planning FPP Family Planning Program GHWA Global Health Workerforce Alliance HEW Health Extension Worker HF Health Facility HI Health Institution HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IBFAN International Baby Food Action Network ICM International Confederation of Midwives IEC Information Education and Communication IMR Infant Mortality Rate IPDP Integrating Population and Development program LB Livebirth MCH Maternal and Child Health MOFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development MOH Ministry of Health NFFS National Family and Fertility Survey II NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations PASDEP Plan Action for Sustainable Development to End Poverty PMTCT Prevention Mother to Child Transmission PNC Postnatal Care PRB Population Reference Bureau RC Reference Category RH Reproductive Health S.E Standard Error Sig Significant SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science SSA Sub-Saharan Africa UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNS United Nations Secretariat UNSD United Nations Statistics Division USAID United State Agency for International Development VIF Variance Inflation Factor WHO World Health Organization III Lists of Tables and Figures Table2.1. Numeric and percentage distri bution of Limu-Seka woreda According to Their Ethnicity------- ---------------------------------------------- 33 Table2.2. Numeric and percentage distribution of Limu-Seka woreda According to their Religion-------------------------------------------------------- 33 Table 2.3. Variables Included In the Study--------------------------------------------------34 Table3 .1 . Percentage distribution of Infant Death by selected Socio-Demographic Characrerisics of the Respondents Limu- Seka, southwest Ethiopia, Oromiya Region------------------------------------- 37 Table3.2. Percentage distribution ofInfant Death by selected maternal Health Care variables, Limu-seka, southwest Ethiopia, Oro mi ya Re gi 0 n ----------------------------------------------------------------------3 8 Table 3.3. Percentage Distribution of Infant Survival status by different Socio­ Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents, Limu-seka southwest of Ethiopia, Oromiya Region------------------------------------------ 40 Table 3.4.Percentage Distribution of Maternal Health Care Services and Obstetrics Characteristics of Respondents, Limu-seka, southwest of Ethiopia, Oro mi ya reg ion ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 Table 3.5. Percentage and Numeric Distribution of Infant survival status with Maternal Health care Variables, Limu-seka, southwest of Ethiopi a, Oro mi ya re gi 0 n -----------------------------------------------------------------------44 Table 3.6.Percentage and Numeric Distribution of ANC services, Limu-seka Southwest Ethiopia, Oromiya region---------------------------------------------46 Table 4.1. Association of some selected Socio-Demographic variables with Infant Mortality situation in Limu-seka woreda, Southwest Ethiopia, Oromiya Region -----------------------------------------50 Table4.2. Association of some selected Maternal Health Care Variables with Infant Death, Limu-seka woreda, Southwest Ethiopia, Oro mi ya Reg ion -------------------------------------------------------------------52 Table4.3. Logistic Regression Model for Infant Death with selected socio-demographic and maternal Health care variables Limu-seka woreda,southwest Ethiopia,Oromiya Region----------------------54 Lists of Figures Figure 1:- Conceptual Framework---------------------------------------------------------1 8 Figure2:- Map of Limu-seka woreda------------------------------------------------------- IV TABLE of CONTENTS page Acknow led gem ent ------------------------------------------------------------------- I List of Acronyms and Abbreviations---------------------------------------------- II List of Tables and Figures----------------------------------------------------------- IV Tab Ie of Contents-------------------------------------------------------------------- V Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------------------ VII Chapter one: 1. Introduction-------------------------------------------------------- I 1.1. Background of the study----------------------------------------------- 1 1.2. Statement of the problem---------------------------------------------- 4 1.3 . Review of Related Literature----------------------------------------- 7 1.3.1. Socio-economic Characteristics------------------------------ 7 1.3.2. Demographic Factors of Infant Mortality------------------ 9 1.3.3. Maternal Health Care factors-------------------------------- 12 1.3.4. Environmental Factors--------------------------------------- 16 1.4. Conceptual Framework---------------------------------------------- 17 1. 5. Objectives of the study----------------------------------------------- 18 1.5 .1. General objective------------------------------------------------ 18 1.5 .2. Specific obj ectives---------------------------------------------- 18 1.6. Research Hypothesis------------------------------------------------- 19 1.7. Operational definition ofterms/concepts-------------------------- 19 1.8. Significant of the study---------------------------------------------- 20 1.9. Study V ariables----------------------------------- -------------------- 21 1.9. 1. Dependent variable--------------------------------------------- 21 1.9.2. Independent variable s ----------- --------------------~-- -------- 21 1.10. Strengths and Limitations of the study-------------------------- 21 1.10.1 . Limitations of the study-------------------------------------- 21 1.1 0.2. Strengths of the study--------------------------------------- 22 Chapter Two: 2. Data Sources and Methodology---------------------------- 23 2.1. Study Population------------------------------------------------- 23 2.2. Sources ofData------------------------------------------------- - 23 2.2.1 Quantitative------------------------------------------------- 23 2.2.2. Qual itati ve------------------------------------------------ -- 23 2.3. Stud y Desi gn------------------------------------------------------ 24 2.4. Sample size determination-------------------------------------- 24 2.5 . Sampling Procedures-------------------------------------------- 25 2.6. Measuring Instruments------------------------------------------ 26 2.6.1. Quantitative------------------------------ ------------- ----- 26 2.6.2. Qual itati ve-------------------------------- -- ----------------- 26 2.7. Data collection process---------------------------------- 26 2.7.1. Recruiting, Hiring and Training of clata colleciors------------- 26 2.7.2. Pre-tes ting------------------------------
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