DOCSLIB.ORG

O Butão Na Ordem Mundial Do Reconhecimento Da Sua Identidade Nacional À Influência Nas Relações Externas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
O Butão Na Ordem Mundial Do Reconhecimento Da Sua Identidade Nacional À Influência Nas Relações Externas O Butão na ordem mundial do reconhecimento da sua identidade nacional à influência nas relações externas Paulo Sérgio Ferreira Gomes Tese apresentada à Universidade de Évora para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Teoria Jurídico-Política e Relações Internacionais ORIENTADOR: Professor Doutor Marco António Gonçalves Barbas Batista Martins ÉVORA, DEZEMBRO DE 2013 INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGAÇÃO E FORMAÇÃO AVANÇADA 2 À memória dos meus Pais, Cecília Soares Ferreira e Manuel Gomes, e do meu Tio Francisco Fernando Correia Ferreira, pelos princípios de vida que desde pequeno me incutiram, e pelo constante apoio que deram na minha formação pessoal e académica. A eles deixo um agradecimento eterno e especial. Ao meu amigo e irmão António Joaquim Amorim Santos pelo incentivo e força que sempre me dispensou, durante todo o processo de investigação e elaboração da tese, e sem os quais seria muito difícil terminar em tempo e com êxito este trabalho. Aos meus tios adoptivos Idalina Amorim e Joaquim Carneiro pela paciência e disponibilidade que sempre tiveram para comigo durante esta fase da minha vida. Ao Senhor Professor Doutor Marco Batista pela disponibilidade e orientação da tese, e por ter considerado que eu seria capaz de levar com êxito até ao fim a conceção de uma tese na interceção da área da Teoria Jurídico-Política e das Relações Internacionais. À Senhora Professora Doutora Maria João Mimoso por ter sido e continuar a ser um referencial no meu percurso académico na área do Direito. A Deus… 3 O Júri Presidente Doutor Helder Adegar Teixeira Dias Fonseca Professor Catedrático da Universidade de Évora Vogais Doutora Maria Raquel de Sousa Freire Professora Auxiliar com Agregação da Universidade de Coimbra Doutor José António de Passos Palmeira Professor Auxiliar da Universidade do Minho Doutora Isabel Anunciação Ferraz Camisão Professora Auxiliar da Universidade do Minho Doutora Raquel Cristina de Caria Patrício Professora Auxiliar da Universidade de Lisboa Doutor Silvério Carlos Matos Rocha e Cunha Professor Associado da Universidade de Évora Doutor Marco António Gonçalves Barbas Batista Martins Professor Auxiliar Convidado da Universidade de Évora (Orientador) 4 Indíce Resumo.................................................................................................................... 8 Abstract .................................................................................................................. 9 Nota introdutória: da justificação do tema à pertinência do estudo ...................... 11 Objetivos do Estudo .............................................................................................. 16 Metodologia de trabalho ....................................................................................... 17 Enquadramento do tema ....................................................................................... 19 Apontamento teórico-concetual ............................................................................. 21 1. Introdução ...................................................................................................... 30 1.1. Geopolítica e Ordem Mundial ................................................................................ 30 1.2. O reino do Butão .................................................................................................... 45 1.2.1. Contextualização geográfica e identidade nacional .................................................. 45 1.2.2. Contextualização Histórica - Os primórdios, o Shabdung e a Monarquia ................ 55 1.2.3. Contextualização Histórica - A transição - Índice de Felicidade Bruta ...................... 72 1.2.4. A Monarquia Constitucional ...................................................................................... 77 2. Butão Moderno .............................................................................................. 84 2.1. Diferentes visões do conceito «Democracia» ...................................................... 85 2.1.1. Democracia Ateniense ........................................................................................ 85 2.1.2. Democracia romana – A Républica ..................................................................... 88 2.1.3. Democracia na Ásia ............................................................................................. 91 2.1.4. Caraterização do sistema democrático no Butão ............................................... 94 2.1.5. O modelo socioeconómico do Butão .................................................................. 97 2.1.6. O reconhecimento do papel da mulher: uma condicionante da democracia? ... 99 2.2. O papel da identidade nacional ........................................................................ 101 2.2.1. Grupos étnicos no Butão ................................................................................... 102 2.2.2. A identidade nacional em conflito? .................................................................. 104 2.2.3. Ameaça à democracia? ..................................................................................... 109 2.2.4. Integração na SAARC: um passo na afirmação da identidade nacional? .......... 111 2.2.5. Visão atual do Butão na SAARC: um caso de sucesso? ..................................... 114 2.3. A importância da Descentralização .................................................................. 115 2.4. Marcas de Desenvolvimento: um caminho em aberto ...................................... 122 2.5. Turismo: qualidade ou quantidade? ................................................................ 130 2.6. Diplomacia e Política Externa .......................................................................... 131 2.6.1. De que forma se relaciona o Butão com seus vizinhos regionais? ................... 138 2.6.2. Extradição: que políticas? ................................................................................. 145 2.6.3. Terrorismo Internacional e a questão dos refugiados ...................................... 146 2.7. Modernização militar: opção ou necessidade? ................................................. 148 3. Relações Butão-Índia .................................................................................... 151 5 3.1. Breve enquadramento da realidade histórica indiana ...................................... 151 3.2. Colonialismo britânico ..................................................................................... 153 3.3. Independência: novos desafios ......................................................................... 158 3.3.1. O Butão como buffer-state ................................................................................ 163 3.3.2. Relação Índia-Butão: que poder de inflûncia poderá ter a China? ................... 166 3.3.3. Revitalização das estruturas económicas e sociais do Butão............................ 170 3.3.4. Entrada do Butão para o cenário mundial ........................................................ 172 3.3.5. Recentes relações de cooperação ..................................................................... 173 3.3.6. Cooperação bilateral: os Mega projetos ........................................................... 174 3.3.7. Trocas comerciais com a Índia .......................................................................... 175 3.3.8. Cooperação institucional: Comissões de eleição .............................................. 177 3.3.9. Interação entre os dois parlamentos ................................................................ 178 3.3.10. Comunidade indiana no Butão .......................................................................... 179 3.4. O papel da Índia no mundo global ................................................................... 179 4. Relações Butão-China: que futuro? .............................................................. 184 4.1. Breve enquadramento da realidade histórica chinesa ...................................... 184 4.2. China: a questão tibetana (antes de 1949) ........................................................ 187 4.3. O Butão: a questão tibetana ............................................................................. 187 4.4. O fator China nas relações Indo-Butão (1949-1962) ......................................... 189 4.5. O Butão e o conflito fronteiriço sino-indiano de 1962 ....................................... 191 4.6. Política de ligação e perceções de segurança .................................................... 193 4.7. A questão fronteiriça: sua evolução ................................................................. 193 4.8. O crescimento chinês: uma questão de Lógica ................................................. 199 4.8.1. A economia socialista de mercado – a direção de Mao Tsé-tung ..................... 199 4.8.2. Direção Deng Xiaoping: abertura da economia ao exterior .............................. 201 4.9. Butão e China: em direção à normalização? .................................................... 205 4.10. Relações bilaterais: que evolução? ...................................................................... 207 4.11. Que perspetivas e desafios nas relações bilaterais? .......................................... 209 4.12. A China na atualidade ..................................................................................... 213 4.13. Comparação das realidades chinesa e indiana ................................................. 214 5. Conclusão: China e Índia ............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939
    Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2014 © 2013 William M. Coleman, IV All rights reserved Abstract Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV This dissertation analyzes the process of state building by Qing imperial representatives and Republican state officials in Batang, a predominantly ethnic Tibetan region located in southwestern Sichuan Province. Utilizing Chinese provincial and national level archival materials and Tibetan language works, as well as French and American missionary records and publications, it explores how Chinese state expansion evolved in response to local power and has three primary arguments. First, by the mid-nineteenth century, Batang had developed an identifiable structure of local governance in which native chieftains, monastic leaders, and imperial officials shared power and successfully fostered peace in the region for over a century. Second, the arrival of French missionaries in Batang precipitated a gradual expansion of imperial authority in the region, culminating in radical Qing military intervention that permanently altered local understandings of power. While short-lived, centrally-mandated reforms initiated soon thereafter further integrated Batang into the Qing Empire, thereby
    [Show full text]
  • Geographical and Historical Background of Education in Bhutan
    Chapter 2 Geographical and Historical Background of Education in Bhutan Geographical Background There is a great debate regarding from where the name of „Bhutan‟ appears. In old Tibetan chronicles Bhutan was called Mon-Yul (Land of the Mon). Another theory explaining the origin of the name „Bhutan‟ is derived from Sanskrit „Bhotanta‟ where Tibet was referred to as „Bhota‟ and „anta‟ means end i. e. the geographical area at the end of Tibet.1 Another possible explanation again derived from Sanskrit could be Bhu-uttan standing for highland, which of course it is.2 Some scholars think that the name „Bhutan‟ has come from Bhota (Bod) which means Tibet and „tan‟, a corruption of stan as found in Indo-Persian names such as „Hindustan‟, „Baluchistan‟ and „Afganistan‟etc.3 Another explanation is that “It seems quite likely that the name „Bhutan‟ has come from the word „Bhotanam‟(Desah iti Sesah) i.e., the land of the Bhotas much the same way as the name „Iran‟ came from „Aryanam‟(Desah), Rajputana came from „Rajputanam‟, and „Gandoana‟ came from „Gandakanam‟. Thus literally „Bhutan‟ means the land of the „Bhotas‟-people speaking a Tibetan dialect.”4 But according to Bhutanese scholars like Lopen Nado and Lopen Pemala, Bhutan is called Lho Mon or land of the south i.e. south of Tibet.5 However, the Bhutanese themselves prefer to use the term Drukyul- the land of Thunder Dragon, a name originating from the word Druk meaning „thunder dragon‟, which in turn is derived from Drukpa school of Tibetan Buddhism. Bhutan presents a striking example of how the geographical setting of a country influences social, economic and political life of the people.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhism / Dalai Lama 99
    Buddhism / Dalai Lama 99 Activating Bodhichitta and A Meditation on Compassion His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama Translated by Gonsar Rinpoche The awakening mind is the unsurpassable way to collect merit. To purify obstacles bodhicitta is supreme. For protection from interferences bodhicitta is supreme. It is the unique, all-encompassing method. Every kind of ordinary and supra-mundane power can be accomplished through bodhicitta. Thus, it is absolutely precious. Although compassion is cultivated in one’s own mind, the embodiment of it is the deity known as Avalokiteshvara (Tib. Chan-re- PY: 1979,2006 zig). The various aspects that are visualized in meditation practices and 5.5 X 8.5 represented in images and paintings are merely the interpretative forms of 80 pages Avalokitephvara, whereas the actual definitive form is compassion itself. ` 140 paperback ISBN: 81-86470-52-2 Awakening the Mind, Lightening the Heart His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama Edited by Donald S.Lopez,Jr. Awakening the Mind, Lightening the Heart is His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s gentle and profoundly eloquent instruction for developing the basis of the spiritual path: a compassionate motive. With extraordinary grace and insight, His Holiness shows how the Tibetan Buddist teachings on compassion can be practiced in our daily lives through simple meditations that directly relate to past and present PY: 2008 relationships. 5.5 X 8.5 This illuminating and highly accessible guide offers techniques for 178 pages deepening and heightening compassion in our lives and the world around ` 215 paperback us. ISBN: 81-86470-68-9 Commentary on the Thirty Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama Translated by Acharya Nyima Tsering Ngulchu Gyalse Thogmed Zangpo’s The Thirty Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva is one of Tibetan Buddhism’s most popular texts, incorporated in the Mind Training text and also able to be explained according to the Lam Rim tradition.
    [Show full text]
  • 6 Dzongs of Bhutan - Architecture and Significance of These Fortresses
    6 Dzongs of Bhutan - Architecture and Significance of These Fortresses Nestled in the great Himalayas, Bhutan has long been the significance of happiness and peace. The first things that come to one's mind when talking about Bhutan are probably the architectures, the closeness to nature and its strong association with the Buddhist culture. And it is just to say that a huge part of the country's architecture has a strong Buddhist influence. One such distinctive architecture that you will see all around Bhutan are the Dzongs, they are beautiful and hold a very important religious position in the country. Let's talk more about the Dzongs in Bhutan. What are the Bhutanese Dzongs? Wangdue Phodrang Dzong in Bhutan (Source) Dzongs can be literally translated to fortress and they represent the majestic fortresses that adorn every corner of Bhutan. Dzong are generally a representation of victory and power when they were built in ancient times to represent the stronghold of Buddhism. They also represent the principal seat for Buddhist school responsible for propagating the ideas of the religion. Importance of Dzongs in Bhutan Rinpung Dzong in Paro, home to the government administrative offices and monastic body of the district (Source) The dzongs in Bhutan serve several purposes. The two main purposes that these dzongs serve are administrative and religious purposes. A part of the building is dedicated for the administrative purposes and a part of the building to the monks for religious purposes. Generally, this distinction is made within the same room from where both administrative and religious activities are conducted.
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical Background of the Chhoetse Penlop∗ Dorji Wangdi+
    A Historical Background of the Chhoetse Penlop∗ Dorji Wangdi+ The institution of the Chhoetse Penlop (later called Trongsa Penlop) is more than 350 years. It was started by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in 1647 after he appointed Chhogyel Minjur Tenpa as his representative in Trongsa. This royal institution with a unique blend of mythology and history represents Bhutan’s past. The Trongsa Dzong was founded by Yongzin Ngagi Wangchuk (1517-1554), the son of Lam Ngawang Chhoejay. According to the legend, Ngagi Wangchuk was guided in a vision by Palden Lhamo, the guardian deity of the Dragon Kingdom, to go to a place in central Bhutan which resembled a bow and which was abundant in food grains (mang-dru). The name Mangdey has its origin in this word. Accordingly, Pal Ngagi Wangchuk arrived at Trongsa in 1541 where he took residence in the village of Yueli which was located on the northern hill-slopes overlooking the then bare hillock upon which the Trongsa Dzong is presently located. One night when Pal Ngagi Wangchuk was meditating in Yueli, his attention was drawn by a flicker of light, resembling that of a butter-lamp burning in the open air, at the spot where the present day Goenkhang in the Trongsa Dzong is located. Upon visiting the spot, he was deeply overwhelmed by discovery of Lhamoi Latsho (a sacred lake of Palden Lhamo) and the hoof prints of Palden Lhamo’s steed. In 1543, Pal Ngagi Wangchuk established a small tshamkhang (meditation quarter) in the sacred spot brought ∗ This is a longer version of the paper printed in Kuensel, Vol XIX No.
    [Show full text]
  • Masked Dance of Sumthrang Mountain Deity
    Masked Dance of Sumthrang Mountain Deity Gengop Karchung * Abstract Masked Dance of Mountain Deity ( Tsän Cham ) of Sumthrang Samdrup Chödzong in Ura, Bumthang is a unique performing art that has been inherited since the 15th century. When the 23rd ’Nyörab Jam’yang Drakpa Özer (’Jam-dbyang grags-pa ’od-zer; 1382–1442) planned to slip away to Tsari (Tibet) for meditation clandestinely, the Drak Tsän Dorje Dradül appeared and beseeched lama to stay at Sumthrang, simultaneously performing this masked dance along with four of his retinues. Consenting to the plea made by the deity, the lama then taught the dance to his disciples. The dance then became part of annual festival called Sumthrang Kangsöl held from 25th Day of 9th Month of the Bhutanese lunar calendar for 5 days. The dance is known by various names: Lha Cham (dance of god), Tsän Cham (dance of mountain deity), and Ta Cham (dance of horse) as the masked dancers ride horses. Today, some episodes of this dance is performed at Zhongmä lhakhang in Lhuntse Dzongkhag as this lhakhang was built by Jam’yang Drakpa Özer. This paper will try to give detailed information on this unique festival, especially the Tsän Cham as it is critically endangered. Further, it will also try to bring out the historical accounts of the lhakhang and other associated sites. This paper will be based on limited available manuscripts, historical publications and other written sources which will be further supplemented with the existing myths and legends that are available. Introduction Bhutan having embraced its culture as one of the core lifelines of every Bhutanese has ensured its sovereignty and independence since time immemorial.
    [Show full text]
  • Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics the History of Institutional Change in the Kingdom of Bhutan: a Tale O
    Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics The History of Institutional Change in the Kingdom of Bhutan: A Tale of Vision, Resolve, and Power by Marian Gallenkamp Working Paper No. 61 April 2011 South Asia Institute Department of Political Science Heidelberg University HEIDELBERG PAPERS IN SOUTH ASIAN AND COMPARATIVE POLITICS ISSN: 1617-5069 About HPSACP This occasional paper series is run by the Department of Political Science of the South Asia Institute at the University of Heidelberg. The main objective of the series is to publicise ongoing research on South Asian politics in the form of research papers, made accessible to the international community, policy makers and the general public. HPSACP is published only on the Internet. The papers are available in the electronic pdf-format and are designed to be downloaded at no cost to the user. The series draws on the research projects being conducted at the South Asia Institute in Heidelberg, senior seminars by visiting scholars and the world-wide network of South Asia scholarship. The opinions expressed in the series are those of the authors, and do not represent the views of the University of Heidelberg or the Editorial Staff. Potential authors should consult the style sheet and list of already published papers at the end of this article before making a submission. Editor Subrata K. Mitra Deputy Editors Jivanta Schöttli Siegfried O. Wolf Managing Editor Radu Carciumaru Editorial Assistants Dominik Frommherz Kai Fabian Fürstenberg Editorial Advisory Board Mohammed Badrul Alam Barnita Bagchi Dan Banik Harihar Bhattacharyya Mike Enskat Alexander Fischer Karsten Frey Partha S.
    [Show full text]
  • In Pursuit of Happiness, Bhutan Opens to Globalization and Business
    In Pursuit of Happiness, Bhutan Opens to Globalization and Business Kimberly A. Freeman, Ph.D. Mercer University Katherine C. Jackson Mercer University ABSTRACT The Kingdom of Bhutan, a small country situated on the border between China and India, has in recent years become a constitutional democratic monarchy. As part of its 2008 constitution, Bhutan committed to promote conditions that would enable the pursuit of Gross National Happiness. The country thus initiated an effort to improve the quality of life and happiness for its citizens and has embraced globalization far more than previously through attracting business, tourism, and communications. The author’s herein address some of the initiatives provide the context within which these efforts have arisen. Keywords: Bhutan; Gross National Happiness (GNH); Globalization; Constitutional democratic monarchy 1. Introduction In 2006, the 4th King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, decided he wanted to open Bhutan up to the world and usher in modernization. Forty years ago, in 1972, Bhutan’s fourth king stated that “Bhutan should pursue Gross National Happiness (GNH) rather than Gross National Product (GNP)…with an emphasis not only on economic growth, but also on culture, mental health, social values, compassion, and community” (Sachs, 2011, p. 2) He chose to abdicate the throne to his eldest son and announced Bhutan would hold its first general elections in 2008. His son, King Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck, took the throne of the new democratic Bhutan on December 14, 2006. Jigme Yoser Thinley was elected prime minister in the election, and Bhutan’s constitution was ratified on July 18, 2008. The concept of GNH has a very long history in Bhutan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kingdom of Bhutan
    Updated March 23, 2020 The Kingdom of Bhutan Background were best served by elected leaders. The first election went The Kingdom of Bhutan, also known as the Land of the smoothly in 2008, and the second, in 2013, brought a Thunder Dragon, is a small, landlocked Himalayan country situated between India and China. The mountainous Figure 1.Bhutan in Brief kingdom is about half the size of Indiana, with an estimated population of 782,000, approximately 115,000 of them in and around the capital city, Thimphu. Bhutan’s economy has grown primarily as a result of hydropower, agriculture, and forestry development. The United States has no significant trade relations with Bhutan, and its foreign aid mission and bilateral consular affairs are handled by the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi, India. Deputy Secretary of State John Sullivan visited Bhutan in August, 2019. Bhutan has participated in a U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) regional program for South Asia directed at developing power infrastructure, and it has implemented programs intended to help mitigate some of the effects of climate change. With 70% forest cover and extensive hydropower, Bhutan is a carbon negative country. The Constitution, Elections, and the King The constitution of Bhutan establishes three branches of Source: CIA World Factbook, Economist Intelligence Unit, Media government: legislative, executive, and judicial. The bicameral legislature, or Chi Tshog, includes the National Assembly (Tshogdu), with 47 elected representatives, and peaceful transition of power in which the opposition the National Council (Gyelyong Tshongde), with 25 People’s Democratic Party won 32 of the 42 elected members, 5 of which are selected by the king.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf Banco Mundial
    Estudios de Asia y África ISSN: 0185-0164 ISSN: 2448-654X El Colegio de México A.C. Rodríguez-Calles, Luis Breve historia de Bután. Una identidad y un horizonte común en torno a la felicidad como objetivo político Estudios de Asia y África, vol. 54, núm. 2, Mayo-Agosto, 2019, pp. 373-390 El Colegio de México A.C. DOI: 10.24201/eaa.v54i2.2434 Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=58660239007 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Redalyc Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ESTUDIOS DE ASIA Y ÁFRICA, VOL. 54, NÚM. 2 (169), 2019, PP. 373-390 ISSN 0185-0164 e-ISSN 2448-654X CULTURA Y SOCIEDAD https://dx.doi.org/10.24201/eaa.v54i2.2434 Breve historia de Bután. Una identidad y un horizonte común en torno a la felicidad como objetivo político A brief history of Bhutan. An identity and a common horizon around happiness as a political objective LUIS RODRÍGUEZ-CALLES* Resumen: Se hace un repaso histórico de los acontecimientos más re- levantes ocurridos en el territorio que ahora pertenece a Bután, en el periodo que llega a la instauración de una monarquía hereditaria a principios de siglo XX. En un cuadro se resumen esos acontecimien- tos. Así se pretende dar luz al periodo histórico más desconocido del país con objeto de complementar otros análisis académicos sobre la felicidad, el budismo y las particularidades del modelo de desarrollo en Bután.
    [Show full text]
  • National Transport Policy of Bhutan 2017 – Policy Protocol Report (Final Draft)
    National Transport Policy of Bhutan 2017 – Policy Protocol Report (Final Draft) National Transport Policy 2017 POLICY PROTOCOL REPORT National Transport Policy of POLICY PROTOCOL REPORT FINAL DRAFT Bhutan 2017 1 United Nations Development Programme June 2017 National Transport Policy of Bhutan 2017 – Policy Protocol Report (Final Draft) Disclaimer • The information contained herein is of a general nature and is not intended to address the circumstances of any particular individual or entity. No one should act on such information without appropriate professional advice after a thorough examination of the particular situation. • We have prepared this report solely for the purpose of providing select information on a confidential basis to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) [in accordance with the contract dated 27 October 2016 executed between UNDP and us (“Contract”). • This report is confidential and for the use of UNDP and other Government Ministries and Government Agencies of Bhutan only. It is not to be distributed beyond the management nor is to be copied, circulated, referred to or quoted in correspondence, or discussed with any other party, in whole or in part, without our prior written consent. • This report sets forth our views based on the completeness and accuracy of the facts stated to KPMG and any assumptions that were included. If any of the facts and assumptions is not complete or accurate, it is imperative that we be informed accordingly, as the inaccuracy or incompleteness thereof could have a material effect on our conclusions. • We have not performed an audit and do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance.
    [Show full text]
  • Ngoedrup-Tse Dzong: Chhukha
    ༆ དཔལ་辡ན་འབྲུག་ག筴ང་། རྫོང་ཁག་བདག་སྐྱོང་། ད፼ས་གྲུབ་རྩེ་རྫོང་། ᭴་ཁ། ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN DZONGKHAG ADMINISTRATION Ngoedrup-Tse Dzong: Chhukha The Ngoedrup-Tse Bi-Annual Newsletter Volume I Issue I Inside Story > Ngoedrup-Tse “Ngoedrup-Tse” literally meaning the pinnacle of blessing, Ngoedrup-Tse >Page 1 Birth Day Celebration of His Majesty is the name given to the newest Chhukha Dzong during the Druk Gyalpo >Page 2 the consecration ceremony by His Holiness Trulku Jigme Chhukha People Elect their NC Choda, the 70th Je Khenpo of Bhutan. Magnificently and Member > Page2 Bayulkunza Gets Suspension Bridge >Page 2 architecturally built Dzong, the first of it kind in the country, Waste Management Program. >Page 3 was graciously unveiled the inauguration plaque by Her Lone Tsimalakha`s Barber. >Page3 Community Artificial Insemination Majesty the Gyaltsuen Jetsun Pema Wangchuck on March Training. >Page 4 9,2012. Farmers Cooperatives Study Tour >Page 4 An Organic Agriculture Project for Sustainable Livelihood >Page 4 White Button Mushroom Cultivation – An Initiation in Chhukha >Page 5 Pineapple Marketing–Pride of Shakhu Village >Page 5 Internet Connectivity in BHUs and Schools. >Page 5 Observation of Social Forestry Day >Page 6 Nipah Virus Screening Programme . >Page 6 Zepa- Chu -Nye Throngdrel at Dokhachu Goenpa >Page 6 Poultry Farming at Logchina Lower Secondary School. >Page 7 Wangdigatshel Primary School- the first in Bhtuan receive Earthquake resilient desk >Page 7 Popularly known for its Darla and Chhukha Hydro Power The Potluck Pogramme in Ngoedrup- Projects, the Dzongkhag is also the main entry point of Tse’s Campus >Page 8 Priority Sector Lending Programme all imports and commercial hub of the country.
    [Show full text]