99066 Goranci Booklet V02.Indd

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99066 Goranci Booklet V02.Indd Albanian Flowers Songs from Albania and Kosovo Flaka Goranci Ensemble Dielli Eine Brücke nach Europa und in die Welt jeweils unmittelbare Hinweise auf die Herkunft eines Liedgut aus Albanien und dem Kosovo Stückes liefern. Um die Lieder auch im bürgerlichen Albanian Flowers Rahmen städtischer Konzertsäle und außerhalb der Music from Albania and Kosovo / Musik aus Albanien und dem Kosovo Kaum ein anderes Land stellt in Europa eine der- Landesgrenzen präsentieren zu können, begannen artige Unbekannte dar wie Albanien. Jahrhunderte einzelne Sängerinnen und Sänger Arrangements 1 Asaman o trëndafi li Çelës (Trad.; Berat / Süd-Albanien / South Albania) 3:47 unter Fremdherrschaft stehend, in der ab 1944 der ursprünglichen Volksgesänge vornehmen zu etablierten kommunistischen Diktatur Enver Hoxhas lassen, bei denen die bis dahin oft nur mündlich 2 Unë ty moj të kam dashte ije (Xhet Bebeti; Elbasan / schließlich vollends in die Isolation geführt, gilt es überlieferte Vokalstimme ausnotiert wurde und an Mittel-Albanien/Middle Albania) 5:38 seit der 1990 neu begonnenen Demokratisierung die Stelle der zur Begleitung gebräuchlichen Instru- 3 Margjelo (Music / Musik: Prenk Jakova, allmählich Anschluss an die internationale Gemein- mente meist ein Klavier trat, fallweise aber auch Text: Aleksandër Banushi; Shkodra / Nord-Albanien/North Albania) 3:23 schaft zu finden. Mit der Abspaltung des Kosovo kleinere Ensembles oder Orchester. Dadurch entstand 4 Një lule (Trad.; Shkodra) 3:52 von Serbien entstand schließlich 2008 der bis dato eine spannende Mischform, die zur Erhaltung der jüngste unabhängige Staat auf dem Kontinent. Als melodischen und rhythmischen Elemente und der 5 Martesa jonë (Gazmend Zajmi; Prizren, Pristina / Kosovo) 3:19 zweite albanisch geprägte Nation ist auch er noch Textinhalte führte und so deren Verbreitung diente, 6 Hapi syt’ e zezë moj (Trad.; Përmet / Süd-Albanien / South Albania) 5:33 eine weitgehende Terra incognita. Stellt die Sprache während auf den spezifischen Klang der originalen durch ihre eigenständige Ausprägung kein Hilfsmittel Instrumente verzichtet werden musste. Das berühm- 7 Lule borë (Music / Musik: Simon Gjoni, zur Verständigung dar, so mag vielleicht die Musik teste Künstlerduo, das sich auf diese Weise für die Text: Zef Leka oder Nasho Jorgaqi; Shkodra) 3:24 ihren kleinen Beitrag im Sinn einer Brückenfunktion Musik seiner Heimat einsetzte, waren die Sopranistin 8 Ma fal at’ buzëqeshje (Music / Musik: Pranvera Badivuku, leisten. Auch hier gibt es noch viel zu entdecken, Tefta Tashko Koço (1910–1947) und die Pianistin Text: S. Vardari, I. Duka; Pristina / Kosovo) zumal es bis heute an international eindeutig mit und Komponistin Lola Gjoka (1910–1985). Es mag In Memoriam Esat Bicurri (1949–1999) 2:11 Albanien assoziierten Komponistennamen fehlt, bezeichnend für die historischen Umbrüche des wie man sie beispielsweise mit Tschaikowsky oder über Jahrhunderte fremdbeherrschten Landes sein, 9 Mallëngjimi (Rashid Krasniqi; Pristina) 4:02 Mussorgsky für Russland, Smetana und Dvořák für dass beide Musikerinnen aus Emigrantenfamilien bl O zambak, zambaku i bardhë (Trad.; Gjakova / Kosovo) 2:07 Tschechien, Grieg für Norwegen, Sibelius für Finn- stammten – Tashko wurde in Ägypten geboren, bm Na leu dielli (Trad.; Tirana/Mittel-Albanien / Middle Albania) 4:12 land, de Falla für Spanien oder Bartók und Kodály Gjoka in Sewastopol. In Frankreich bzw. Russland für Ungarn benennen könnte. Dessen ungeachtet ausgebildet, arbeiteten sie später bis zu Tashkos Flaka Goranci mezzo soprano / Mezzosopran gibt es eine reiche albanische Musikkultur, die aus frühem Tod sehr eng in Albanien zusammen. Durch der Volksmusik kommend auch in die Kunstmusik die Gesangskunst von Tefta Tashko Koço angeregt, Mennan Bërveniku piano / Klavier einwirkt und durch ihre Vielfalt und Eigenständig- entstanden auch neue Werke. So schrieb etwa der Adela Frasineanu violin / Violine keit sogar Ethnomusikwissenschaftler außerhalb albanische Komponist Kristo Kono (1907–1991) eine Edison Pashko cello / Violoncello der beiden Länder zu eingehenden Forschungen Vielzahl von Liedern für sie. Eine weitere heraus- veranlasste. Diese ergaben interessante Erkennt- ragende Interpretin war die Sängerin Marije Kraja Kushtrim Gashi arrangements / Arrangements nisse über regional unterschiedliche Aspekte und (1911–1999), die ebenfalls im Ausland studierte und Eigenständigkeiten, die Kennern dieser Musik später in ihre Heimat zurückkehrte. Der Entwicklung 2 3 unterteilen. Obwohl an den Norden Albaniens gren- Bevölkerung verwurzelt, aber doch einem konkreten zend, weist die Musik des Kosovo im Allgemeinen Komponisten zuzuordnen sind (vergleichbar etwa mehr Nähe zur mittel- und nordalbanischen Musik Schuberts „Lindenbaum“ oder Brahms’ „Guten auf. Auch im Kosovo selbst finden sich regional unter- Abend, gut’ Nacht“). Zu den Volksliedern zu zählen schiedliche Entwicklungen, die erst bei differenzierter wären „Asaman o trëndafili çelës“ aus Berat und Betrachtung erkennbar werden – etwa Ähnlichkeiten „Hapi syt’ e zezë moj“ aus Përmet in Südalbanien, der Musik aus dem Raum der kosovarischen Stadt „Ne leu dielli” aus Tirana in Mittelalbanien und „Një Gjakova mit jener des nordalbanischen Shkodra. lule“ aus Shkodra in Nordalbanien. Das vielfach für Eine nicht unwesentliche Rolle spielen auch Einflüsse ein originales Volkslied gehaltene, ein Hirtenmäd- aus der Musik der während der Jahrhunderte der chen in den Bergen besingende „Margjelo“ stammt Fremdherrschaft dominierenden Nationen, so vor hingegen von Prenk Jakova (1917–1969), der allem das Türkische (insbesondere in Mittelalbanien), auch der Komponist der ersten albanischen Oper aber auch des Italienische. Im südostalbanischen „Mrika“ (1958) war. Es ist ein Lied in jenem Stil, der Korça wiederum findet man Romanzen und sicher für die nordalbanische Region um Shkodra typisch zur Überraschung vieler auch Tangos besonders ist. Ebendort anzusiedeln wäre auch das „Lule ausgeprägt. Befasst man sich mit den inhaltlichen borë“ (1946) von Simon Gjoni (1925–1991). Dem Aspekten der Lieder, so sind diese durchaus jenen Kosovo zuzuordnende Lieder sind etwa „Martesa“ der Volkslieder anderer Nationen ähnlich, steht doch von Gazmend Zajmi (1936–1995), das durch den in der Regel die Liebe im Vordergrund: Liebesglück Sänger Ymer Riza populär gewordene „O zambak, und Liebesleid stehen eng beisammen, wobei der zambaku i bardhe“ und „Mallëngjimi“ des in Priština dazugehörige Symbolreigen oft den Frühling und lebenden Komponisten Rashid Krasniqi (1932). „Ma Blumen – etwa Lilien, Rosen und Schneeglöckchen fal at’ buzëqeshje” von Pranvera Badivuku (1945) "Mes Bridge" - Shkodër – einbezieht. Auch Hochzeiten, die Treue zur Heimat erlangte seine Popularität durch den Sänger Esat Photo: Shkëlzen Rexha und Hirtengesänge sind typische Elemente aus Bicurri, der am 5. Mai 1999 im Kosovo-Krieg ums dem Volksleben, die sich in der Musik finden. Ein Leben kam. Zu seinem Gedächtnis erklingt dieses all dieser Karrieren kam zugute, dass das nach Ausland drang freilich nur sehr wenig der musika- weiterer Aspekt sind historische Ereignisse, derer Lied hier a cappella gesungen. dem Zweiten Weltkrieg errichtete, mehr als vier lischen Produktion über die Grenzen. mit Würdigungen früherer Helden gedacht wird. Jahrzehnte herrschende kommunistische Regime Betrachtet man das hier in einem großen In diesem Sinn will die vorliegende Einspielung Christian Heindl der Förderung der Kunst und Kultur des eigenen Ausschnitt präsentierte Liedgut, so fallen regionale diese Inhalte, aber auch die Breite der verschiedenen Landes hohes Augenmerk zukommen ließ. Dies Unterscheidungen innerhalb Albaniens ebenso auf, Stilrichtungen in den albanischen Siedlungsgebieten war in Albanien in noch höherem Maß der Fall, als wie eigenständige kosovarische Elemente, was auf wie auch in Flaka Gorancis engerer Heimat, dem in dem als Teil Serbiens zum damaligen, ebenfalls die autochthone Situation dieser Region hinweist. Kosovo, spiegeln. Echte Volkslieder, die auf Basis kommunistischen Jugoslawien gehörenden Kosovo. In einer vereinfachten Verallgemeinerung lässt sich früherer Transkriptionen neu arrangiert wurden, stehen Durch die generelle Abschottung gegenüber dem die Volksmusik nach Nord-, Mittel- und Südalbanien neben volkstümlichen Liedern, die zwar tief in der 4 5 A Bridge to Europe and to the World of the national borders, by having had made new tions ever crossed the border, due to the general In this sense, the recording at hand wants to reflect A Treasury of Songs from Albania and Kosovo arrangements out of the original folk songs which used separation from countries abroad. either these contents and the wide range of diverse notations of the formerly only orally transmitted vocal If one looks upon this treasury of songs presented styles in the Albanian areas of settlement and also There is hardly another country in Europe that still is parts and replaced the formerly used accompanying here in one big excerpt, one can as well detect lo- in Flaka Goranci’s close homeland Kosovo. Real folk to such an extent unknown, as Albania. For centuries instruments by piano or sometimes small ensembles cal differences within Albania, as distinct Kosovan songs that have been rearranged based on former been placed under foreign domination and since 1944 or orchestras. Thereby an exciting hybrid form was elements, that point to the autochthonal situation of transcriptions are combined with folksy songs which finally led to complete isolation in an established com- created that led to a preservation
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