— Let it be xi TRANSFORMER

F.T.S8a E lectrical Review ucrooer u , i w

OUTPUT CHART

Throwing a new light on output with

SiÉMÊRS Lamps

Increased output depends largely on providing PLANNED Lighting with Siemens Lamps means the appli­ operatives with sufficient light, correctlyjpositioned cation of good lighting principles to your factory installation. It —in other words, with PLANNED Lighting. The does not necessarily mean in­ Siemens system ofscientifically PLANNED Lighting, creased operating cost but frequently a sav­ using Siemens Lamps, goes a long way towards ing of current. Siemens Lighting compensating for the lack of skill in inexperienced engineers are at yo ur Service — workers. It safeguards their health, reduces call them in. fatigue, spoilage and accidents. There’s no obli­ gation.

Siemens Electric Lamps & Supplies Ltd., 38/39 Upper Thames Street, , E.C.4 O ctober 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 1

BULL MOTORS (e .b .e f .t i j r n e f H IPSWICH

ALSO LONDON, MANCHESTER. BIRMINGHAM, SHEFFIELD, NEWCASTLE AND GLASGOW 2 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944

ASITON M U LTI-CORE CABLES

Tage Braided and Compounded Bitumen Finish. Usually supplied In 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12 Core. T.R..S. Plastic Extruded or Braided and Com­ pounded. Laboratory controlled throughout manufacture.

T o t a l l y E n c l o s e d A ir C i r c u it A l t e r n a t o r s W it h S e l f -c o n t a i n e d C o o l e r s

Air Coolers forftt SB integral part of thé m achine, and excava­ tions for deep founda­ tions and basem ent air ducts are eliminated SIMPLIFIED AIR CIRCUIT MAXIMUM ACCESSIBILITY

37S0 K. W. -8 power factor 3-phase 50 cycle. 6300 Volt. 1000 r p.m, Totally Enclosed Air Circuit Alter­ nators with self-contained coolers, dial type thermometers for inlet and outlet temperatures, alarm horn, and emergency dampers-

BRUCE PEEBLES &. CO. LTD., ENGINEERS, . 3665 October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 3

M W i l l i p i . Made for 30.60,100.160.200.300 & 500Amps.. 600 Volls; Double. Triple and four pole and cuiTh neuTral links. Fined for Conduir. busbar chamber _ flange or cable glands. f # Scuyy W iring, m inim um m uintetianct LONDON: A W ZELLEY 7 3 , G R E A T P E T E R ST., MANCHESTER GLASGOW- W E S T M I N S T E R .S.tV.I B E L F A S T BURTON-ON-TPENT BILL SWITCHGEAR LTD EXE TER - SOU THAMP TON B/RCHf/ELDS-SOU (4 LINES) BIRMINGHAM-20 "a ICN o " B / R M / N G H A M

Woman's Work !n War-Time — . The AX S. Its a grand job of work

she s doing. Regularly getting vital convoys through. Hard work, in all hours, all weathers. When she's finally ** through ” perhaps she’ll get her reward in a home of her own—with a Burco to help make life easier.

After hostilities, B u rco ’s for every home will be the aim ; meantime patience, please.

BURCO LTD., ROSE GROVE, BURNLEY.

ELECTRIC WASH BOILERS 4 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944

Serving with the RGENT . . . that’s the tag on nine out of ten messages : accuracy, U too, is imperative. Signalling ^ ^ i j ^ G under war-time conditions is a secret service. STC Selenium Rectifiers are silent in operation; moreover, they keep fit for long periods without main enance and are free from moving parts. Where direct current is required from an A.C source they ensure sustained and satis­ factory service. For Service use they are given a protective finish which withstands the most severe atmospheric conditions.

Selenium Rectifiers

Rectifier Sales Departm ent: STANDARD TELEPHONES AND CABLES LIMITED, NEW SOUTHGATE, N.II October 13, 1944 E lectrical Review FRACTIONAL HORSEPOWER MOTORS

The most popular in the country

Spigoted o p Plain Endshields for direct mounting on the machine

BTH products include all Vertical, Horizontal, kinds of electric plant and or Inclined Mounting equipment; and Mazda, ercra, and Sodra Lamps Sizes from i H.P. to i H.P. M Three-phase up to 550 volts Single-phase up to 250 volts D .C. up to 520 volts

1 r D ' T ' U TH E BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO.,LTD. J D I H L CROWN HOUSE, ALDWYCH, LONDON, W.C.2. A 3 144 _ ÏOV. IT , PLEASE GIVE GtNtRQUsiv ^ T mT nT bT aT c I 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944

The illustrations on this page show a few installa­ tions of M etro vick Engine Type Generators.

1,000k W Me trovick Engine Type Alternator with closed circuitventilation. Installed in the West Indies and drivenbyaCrossley Premier Vis-a-Vis 212 r.p.m. Gas Engine.

37 5 B .H p.375 r.p.m . B row ett 450 kW Metrovick Alternators Lindley Steam Engine driving driven by Beiliss & Morcom a Metrovick 250 kW 4,000 Diesel Engines in a British Power Volt Alternator at a Chinese S tation. C oal M ine.

1 of 2 Metrovick 120 kW 500 r.p.m. Alternators driven by a Beiliss & Morcom Steam Engine at a Laundry. C/A 101

/ ¡ a l i i " i d s . IMPROVE YOUR LIGHTING in consultation with z-^ producticm METROVICK’S ILLUMINATING EN GIN EERS October 13, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 7

f i t EVERY PROBLEM OF LI FTING - LOWE RI NG - PUSH I NG - PU LLI NG DUFF NORTON _ JACKS

For over 50 years ihe Duff-Norlon Jack has been recognised Ihe world over for ils special consiruclion and high efficiency.

The illustration is of a Duff-Norton Automatic Lowering Jack of 10, 15 or £0 ton capacity. This is indeed a mighty member of the Duff-Norlon Jack family, packed with strength and power, with maximum lifting or lowering capacity. It combines simplicity of design with high quality of material.

The uses of this jack extend over all industries -. railways, mines, quarries, road transport companies, general contractors, telephone and telegraph companies, all of whom find this jack invaluable.

AIR COMPRESSORS • PNEUMATIC TOOLS • ELECTRIC TOOLS • DIESEL ENGINES • VACUUM PUMPS CONTRACTORS’ EQUIPMENT • ROCK DRILLS • DIAMOND DRILLS • OIL WELL TOOLS

Robert Sharp arid Partner* E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944

T R A K

THEMOTOR FOR YOUR MACHINE

Outside our large range of standard motors for direct or geared drive we are always prepared to collaborate with makers of new machines requir­ ing special motors. For best results you want not a motor but the motor.

TH E NORMAND E LE C T R IC A L CO. LTD. NORTH STREET • CLAPHAM COMMON LONDON S W 4 TEL: MACAULAY 321 1.4 October 13, 1944 Electrical Review 9

MORE LIGHT ON THINGS TO COME

We've already gone a long way

While meeting the priorities of war Crompton Lamps have made great strides. With the complete lifting of the black­ out you will find that Crompton have gone a long way in preparing for the brighter future.

CROfiPTOn L u m p s for the LA TEST in lighting

CROMPTON PARKINSON LIMITED. ELECTRA HOUSE, VICTORIA EMBANKMENT, LONDON, W.C.2 Telephone : TEMple Bar 5911 Telegrams : Crompark, Estrand, London 1 0 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 1 3 , 1 9 4 4

Recommend Elasta lamps, the lamps your customers can rely upon to give them dependable service all the time.

E.L.M.A. LAMPS MADE IN POPES ELECTRIC LAMP CO.,LTD. 5 , EARNS HAW STREET,NEW OX F PRO ST.,LQND0 N.W.C.2

telephone: TEM ple Bar 6074. Telegram s: “ Duramentum, Westcent, London.” Branchos\hoiding stocks from which supplies can be obtained :— 18 P0»|AS?CMES|T!c! LEEDS: i Park Square. 18 Poo St., Market Street. Tel.: Leeds 22119. LEICESTER : T e l.: Deansgate 5687. Grams : 89 London Road. Tel.: Leicester 59028. •ida.* Grams: "Pope's, Leeds 22119.” Popes, Deansgate 5687.” Grams : “ Pope's, Leicester 59028. BIRMINGHAM: 3 Grosvenor Chambers, Broad St. Corner, Broad Street. B R IS T O L : T e l.: M idland 2580. 123 Victoria Street. T e l.: Bristol 23239. Grams : “ Pope's, Midland 2580, Birmingham." ^rams:Grams: ••“ roPope's, p , Bristol 23239.' BELFAST (Managersi: Campbell, Gardner & Co.): 27 Franklin Street. Tel.: Belfast 25171. Grams: “ Camergard, Belfast." Liverpool Representative : Mr. B. MARKS. 2» Lascelles Road, Liverpool 1». f c V 1! FF29S c f / o t l c S t %

I ~ ~

e v ie w R l e c t r i c a l ELECTRIC ELECTRIC FIRES E z T o r e t n o if The “MINERA” ~ ~ plan to put into production again as ' soon as conditionsthe allow more ...customers urgentfor efficientto radiant demands meet heating. of - your This popular portable fire (adjustable feet) is one of the models which we FERRANTI LTD., Moston, Manchester, 10. London Office: Kern House, Kingsway. W.C.2 13, 1944 Ç f it 'é t October % s E lectrical Review October 13, 1944 PLAN TO USE COPPER

1900 1914 1939 j0DM Post-war development of electrical services of every description will doubtless call for a greater use of copper than ever before. Although it may take a little time after the war to re-stock the world with all the many types of copper products required, the supply of copper will certainly be adequate, and electrical engineers may safely plan to make use of it to the fullest extent.

If technical advice or assistance is required the services of the Copper Development Association are available, free of charge.

COPPER DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION A non-trading organization maintained by the British copper industry, to supply information and advice, free to all users of copper

Grand Buildings, Trafalgar Sq„ London, W.C.2 and 9 Bilton Rd„ Rugby Telephone : Ru&by October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 13

Conductor The successful development of a complete technique for the design, Dielectric manufacture and installation of super-tension cable systems for

Metallised Paper Screen 132 kV working pressure, marks a definite step forward in the progress of high voltage power

Inner Lead Sheath transmission. The constructional details of the

Wire Woven HENLEY Impregnated Gas Cushion Cotton Bedding Tape Cable are indicated in the accom­ panying illustration. An interesting feature of the design is the in­ corporation of an inert gas in direct Brass Tape contact with the dielectric. This Reinforcements design is the outcome of prolonged experiment and specialised ex­ perience in the super-tension cable field. The close collaboration be­ tween the skilled personnel in the Wire Woven Cotton Tape HENLEY High Voltage Research Laboratories, the Works and the Contract Department has achieved O uter Lead this outstanding success. Sheath We shall be pleased to supply further details of HENLEY Super-Tension Cables and to discuss Compounded Paper Tapes your transmission problems.

Compounded Cotton Tapes HENLEY

^Compounded C a b l e s “ Hessian Tapes

HENLEY 132 kV. IMPREGNATED Famous for over a century GAS CUSHION CABLE W T. HENLEY'S TELEGRAPH WORKS CO. LTD. MILTON COURT • WESTCOTT • DORKING • SURREY S i S Z i i A S i 14 / E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 13, 1 9 4 4

|/ N 1924 Bullers' made the first big bushing of 66 kV capacity. To-day9 we are able to show this massive 242 kV OIL FILLED BUSHING. The porcelain parts were made in Bullers’ works for the British Thomson- Houston Co. Ltd. It measures 15 ft. i i inches overall and is one of the largest bushings of this kind yet produced. Only the skill and knowledge acquired by long experience could produce insulators of such dimensions free from flaws. How much larger will be called for in years to come, only the future can say. But one thing is certain, whatever the size, Bullers will be ready with their unrivalled resources and experience to cope with the problem. Bullers t N S U L A T O R S AND /RONVZORK

BULLERS, LTD. THE HALL, OATLANDS DRIV WEYBRIDGE, SURREY Telephone : Walton-on-Thames 24SI Manchester Office : 196 Deansgate, M anchester — \ October 13, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 15

IN SUPPORT OF THE MINISTRY OF FOOD HERE IS ANOTHER RECIPE FOR YOUR DEMONSTRATIONS :

COOKING CABINET

( P L e e s e ¿ P u f f s

Ingredients. . 8 ozs. flour I oz. margarine. I oz. lard. 4 ozs. grated cheese. 5 Teaspoon of dry mustard. 5 Teaspoon of bi-carbonate of soda, j Pint of milk and water. Salt and pepper. Method. Rub the fat into the flour. Add all the other dry ingredients and the cheese and m ix well together. Mix to a soft paste with the m ilk and water. Roll out and cut into rounds and bake at 475°F.

Cat. No. I92J. ELECTRIC STOVE Co. Ltd. STREET, LONDON, S.W.I 16 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944

f 7 O i n n . n G a 1 E au I PM E N T 1 t FOR HARD CHROME ^DEPOSITION

For reclaiming and building up Engineering products. Cams, crankpins, crankshafts, gears, bearings, piston rods, cylinders for internal combustion engines, gauges, dies, moulds, etc. Let us help you with your reclamation w i t ? fr C° LTP problems. GREAT HAMPTON STREET, RIRMINGHAM IS 17 October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

; , ... h C x' ' 1---- ' i u ?-> p « c% cufve. ^ vow^'t ,4"“rt 3 ^ io wF<1’ ** 'u*m ■' T-- -s — 8’'*“..... - « a s » « « «*■ ",» rt x t » j e 5''»'"’ s z 3* . W h* < *•* i g r *, ^t-w- tv, ,u" r » — - «--sfcfMikXUrti«»» - stated M' &*• „« lO tE R . , t v m*”""“ 9- VO' ^ " r A " T*«* *• vV7'1c“ “^ - Oiasr«««- w'>Vr> Coii'1*' ' C ono^ ' ^ a#M* i*h * mi \ St**" too *'♦.»■» ^ | Cu««*«,. , m■ 1 ‘ro,S- I » ’Vj. £ 0'JiS »«V

mu H0> i ■iivvs.#&> ■W* |\ s« in. >> i* W(1-157 » * 4 '■

Of*] A -&' , A-I6

WEST INCHOUSE

DATA SHEET No. 27 describing the Type 4 “ Westalite ” (Selenium Compound) Rectifier which is mainly used in power packs, is available to bona fide manu­ facturers on application to WESTING HOUSE B R A KE & SIGNAL CO. LTD. Pew Hill House, Chippenham, Wilts.

B 18 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 1 3 , 1 9 4 4

CLOSED but COOL • Complete dust and

damp protection with efficient fin and fan cooling,

compactness with^sg^SPtenath, easy ^^^B^^lation with

long trouble-free service—a Parkinson ‘ Klosd ’ Motor.

★ Write for List of Motors in Stock.

ELECTRA HOUSE • VICTORIA EMBANKMENT LO N D O N . W .C .2 and Branches October 13, 1 9 4 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

— an outdoor type, supplied in current ratings up to 3000 amps and breaking capacities of 750 MVA. Easy to instal. Design eliminates lining- up of phases on site. Tank raising and lowering mechanism permits individual operation of each tank, facilitating inspec- J tion and maintenance. FERGUSON, P AI LIN LIMITED MANCHESTER I I t Phone :: DrovlsdenDroylsden 1301 (8 lines) ENGLAND BIRMINGHAM : Sutton Coldfield 2744 G L A S G O W : C e n tra l 5080 L O N D O N : T e m p le B a r 8711/2 20 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944

FOR EVERY SIZE OF SCREW Whenever you use a screw, use a Rawlplug too. They are invaluable for fixing electric, gas or sanitary fittings, wires, cables, machinery, fuse boxes, piping, shelves, picture rails, etc. Rawlplugs range in size from the small No. 3 for light wiring, to the large No. 28 which ; will withstand a direct pull of over 4 tons. Rawlplug fixing is safer, quicker and neater than any other method— and Rawlplugs are still obtainable from stock. October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 21

CONTACTOR STARTERS

CERTIFIED FOR USE IN COLLIERIES OR OTHER INDUSTRIAL SITUATIONS WHERE INFLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES MAY EXIST.

MANUFACTURED IN STANDARD SIZES UP TO 300 H.P.

Send for Descriptive Catalogue No. 100. M. & C. SWITCHGEAR LTD. KELVINSIDE WORKS, KIRKINTILLOCH, GLASGOW

SALES & SERVICE ; OLIVE GROVE RD. SHEFFIELD, 2. LO N D O N O FFICE : 36 V IC T O R IA ST ., S .W . I 2 2 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 1 3 , 1 9 4 4

s f r l

PRECISION CONTACTS

A i c iL f u/e iencl you a copy oß th.Li new publication Ÿ

THE COMPANY LTD. — — October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 2 3

For advice on • SO LDERS Tinman’s solder Blowpipe solder all so ld e rin g A.I.D. solder I.N.O. solder M.o.S. solder Ingot solder p ro b le m s Solder for zinc or galvanised iron Argent solder Belfry plumbers’ solder Abbey plumbers’ solder High temperature solder consult FRY’S Fusible solder Body patching solder Spray gun solder who supply Alcho-re cored solder Resin cored solder Acid cored solder the following Solid solder wire Fryal aluminium solder Silver sol<3er Tube bending alloy soldering materials Matrix alloy Solder tape for Government Solder washers • FLU X ES Active fluxes for general soldering work contracts Frysol soldering fluid Frysol paste flux Frysol tinning salt in connection with A.M. spec. D.T.D. 81 Stainless steel soldering fluid Electrical fluxes — safety non-corrosive the Air Ministry, fluxes for electrical and radio work Alcho-re paste flux Alcho-re soldering fluid Admiralty and Alcho-re cored solder General safety fluxes for hand soldering and hot dip tinning for such duties as Ministry of Supply: ammunition boxes, smoke floats, etc. Oleic acid No. 9 Oleic acid No. 10 Fryolene paste flux Fryolene soldering fluid Special fluxes Samples and further Solder cream Solder paint information on request No. 3 silver solder flux R. 2 covering flux R. 5 cleaning flux Flux tablets Welding fluxes f£ METAL FOUNDRIES J LIMITED • LONDON rAnd at Manchester, Glasgow, Bristol and Dublin 24 E l e c t r ic a l r e v i e w October 13, 1944

CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES N o . 2 AIR COOLING The immense progress in aero-dynamics has made pos­ sible the development of the system of air cooling embodied in this series of engines, ren­ dering them suitable for use in The air blast from the extreme limits of temperature flywheel fan is directed and climate, and placing them by the cowling around t h e deeply finned in a definitely distinctive class cylinder and cylinder for this type of power unit. head which are scientifically designed S u e s I ] , 2 a n d 3 B.H P. C ar, b e s u p ­ to secure maximum plied as required <0 o p e ra te o n heat dissipation. The petrol or paraffin. arrows show the direc­ tion of the air current.

_____

P t r r o s l t ; LouGMOflouGii, EnGLflno October 13, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 25

arc^betné-ttôedexfensivèl 'ror felephone^y^tems in industrial ana'allie aoetrca+ions. \

For sub-dividing main and / branch cables at suitable/ points ; designed to give a flexible scheme which can be readily re-arranged to meet subsequent changes in layout. Terminals or captive sliding links are available. Chart boards are fitted to the inside DISTRtfiUTIOhUd of the lids, for recording the connections made. BOXES A range of boxes for conduc­ tors up to 40 lb. per m ile can A q d t& n u J be supplied with a maximum of 320 terminals or 160 links. BRITISH INSULATED CABLES LTD., Ilctnl Olficr PRESCOT. l.ANCS Tel No PRESCOT 657/ WRITE FOR LITERATURE 26- E l e c t r ic a l KEVIEW October 13, iy 4 4

TELEPH O N E BLACKFRIARS FREDERICK SMITH & COMPANY TELEGRAMS 8701 (8 lines) A N TH* LONOON * LIC T"'C WIM COMPANY ä SMITHS. LIMITED) "ANACONDA ANACONDA WORKS. SALFORD, 3. LANCS MANCHESTER" October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w «WHS! The comprehensive range of “ Efesca ” lighting Accessories and Fittings and “ H it e s t ” Cables and Conduits are pro­ duced in our own several Works. At present, priority orders must receive first consideration but, within the limits imposed, we give, as always, the utmost service.

FALKS

An advertisement of Falk, Stadelmann & Co. Ltd., 89-93 Farringdon Road, London, E .C .I ® 89-I9B

Trusted, Si/

caw uiinÿ. ÿt& ût7

The engineers responsible for equip­ have been functioning without pause ping 500 of Britain’s Power Stations or hitch for over 30 years. You should pinned their faith to Tudor Accumu­ specify Tudor for important jobs. lators. This confidence was justified s a f e t y l y t e ( Patent No. 3 1 3248 ), by the Tudor record of unsurpassed the Tudor Emergency Lighting System , is automatic and instan­ efficiency and reliability. Many of taneous in operation. It is installed the largest battery installations in the in thousands of schools, hospitals, factories and other large buildings. country are Tudor, and some of these

The Tudor Accumulator Co., Ltd., ACCUMULATORS 5°, Grosvenor Gardens, London, S.W.i. S L O a n e : 0168/9

w t 35b/44 2 8 E l e c t r ic a l k e v i e w October 13, l l344

BEARING CO LTD ENGLAND I k ! 29 October 1 3 , 1 9 4 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

Tanks in action provide a theme for many people. They have a force of character which seems almost more than could K possibly come of a machine. Yetatankdesigneris not a romantic. He knows materials when he sees them; he believes that a specifica* tion tells a tremendous tale. In such an account there would be an impor­ tant place for BX P.V.C. Extrusion Compound for the electrical cables.

BX p .W.C. EXTRUSION COMPOUND

BX P L A S T I C S LTD., LARKSWOOD WORKS, LONDON, E.4 LH/BX2 IJ E l e c t r i c a l k e v i e w October 13, 1 9 4 4

jSHS&HflHR| m § gasp

The reliability of the generating plant is the same as that of its- dis­ tributive cable. And the reliability of the cable is that of its insulation! That is why leading cable manufacturers use Tullis Russell Rothmill Cable Insulating Papers. Rothmill is renowned for its uniformly high quality, and isguaranteed free from metals and grit. R o t h i m l l A complete range is manu­ CABLE INSULATING PAPERfactured. W rite for details. TuiUi ‘¡ZuutU iCo.ixd. The Pioneers of Twin-wire Pabers for Printers AUCHMUTY & ROTHES PAPER MILLS, MARKINCH, SCOTLAND LONDON MANCHESTER BIRMINGHAM I Tudor Street, E.C.4 372 Corn Exchange Bldgs., 116 Col more Row Corporation Street______

6 October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e m e w

How many homes | for how much ? The post-war demand will be for good houses in large numbers at reasonably low prices. How is the building industry to meet it? One thing is clear. As many components as possible will have to be factory-made on the most efficient and highly mechanised lines. One kind of equipment for every building—electrical switch and fuse gear has been manufactured by M .E.M . in this way for many years. They have shown how cost can be progressively reduced and quality improved by steadily perfecting large-scale production on the basis of experience. The war has added to this experience and the benefits *will be at the service of Installation Engineers when peace comes.

SWITCHGEAR MOTOR STARTERS FUSEGEAR ELECTRIC FIRES 'Meminx ’ Stcitch Splitter midi AND ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING CO. LTD., TYSELEY, BIRMINGHAM. 11 ana Stores : 21-22 Rattibone Place. London. W.l • Manchester Showrooms and Stores = 48-50 Chapel Street. Salford, 3

October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 33

Power Factor C o r r e c t i o n of Resistance W e l d e r s

J. & P. have studied and solved many of the problems of power factor correction. A particular investigation has been made in the case of resistance welding machines, e.g., spot and seam welding. Here, the normal connection of condensers in parallel with the load is not satisfactory. Connected in series, however, condensers can be shown to give excellent results.

This announcement is of importance to both the user and the supply authority. May our engineers study and advise on your power factor improvement problems?

J. & P. make Static Condensers for the Power Factor Correction of all manner of loads.

CABLES • SWITCHGEAR • TRANSFORMERS • CONDENSERS CABLE ACCESSORIES • INSTRUMENTS • A.C. WELDING EQUIPMENT OVERHEAD LINES AND ELECTRIC WATER HEATERS JO H NSO N & PHILLIPS LTD. CHARLTON, LONDON, S.E.7 Telephone : Greenwich 3244 (13 lines). Telegrams Juno, Charlton, Kent

A W M l i a M idi tlx t VKlCAl tLti “litilt M A lik ( p c J ä t y ---- 34 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944 r

V isib le C on tact IRONCLAD INDICATING SWITCH UNITS

POINTS OF PERFECTION

The installation of “ BRITMAC ” Ironclad Indicating Sw itch U nits is an effective method of ensuring safety and economy, the latter being of vital importance in the present “ Battle for Fuel.” The Switch Unit illustrated, Catalogue Number P439I, is the l-section pattern. The Indicating Switch Units are available in one and tw o sections, 5-amp and 15-amp capacity, and can be fitted w ith eith er Single or Double Pole Switches. The outstanding quality of “ BRITMAC ” Iron­ clad Accessories is fully maintained in this range of Indicating Switch Units. May we send you full details of the “ BRITMAC ” Ironclad Range ?

ELECTRICAL ACCESSORIES FOR ALL WAR-TIME INSTALLATIONS

€*lnl « PA M i_@ M S ♦ ILt P Telephone : B rita n n ia Wo r k s T e l e g r a m s : ACOCKS GREEN Wharfdale Rd. Tyseley H E C T O M A R 1642 S L IN E S BIRMINGHAM 11 BIRMINGHAM October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

PROTECTED OR TO TA L LY E N C LO S ED

200- 400% TORQUE ACCORDING TD TYPE

FRACTIONAL H.B V M O T O U S ^ '

D 36 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w October 13, 1944 WATERTIGHT PLUGS AND SOCKETS

W E E K E S ’ W atertight Plugs and Sockets stand up to the hardest conditions of use. They are available with or without watertight interlocked Switch- fuse. The type illustrated is one of several arrangements of W T Plugs and For installation in a pit Sockets which we manufacture. It has a swivelling plug and socket with interlocked switchfuse, dummy plug and terminal type cable box. It avoids sharp bend in trailing cable as crane passes over the plug point. i n i i B RATINGS up to 300 Amps, 503 Volts, (LUTON) LIMITED D.P. or T.P. Supplied for A.C. or D.C. mains. L U T O N . B E D S . Full details on request. London Office : 36-38 KINGS W AY, W.C.2 Remember Weekes’ also manufacture Telephones : Holborn 1091; Luton 278 Cartridge Fuses, Switchgear and Branches : Birmingham, Glasgow, Newcastle Switchboards. Enquiries invited.

Frames and Cases for Electrical Equipment

FEEDER PILLARS, CUBICLE AND TELEPHONE BOXES, BUSBAR CHAMBERS, CONNECTION BOXES, INSTRUMENT PANELS

ttkaircBO B

AIR DUCTS GREAT WEST ROAD, BRENTFORD Phone : Ealing 6655. Telegraphic Address : " Urdus, Brentford ' 3 7 October 1 3 , 1 9 4 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

The opening bars o f No. 1 2 , Op. IO , one o f Chopin's best-

V/N the brave new post-war

( \ 7 / ' world the tempo of pro­

duction may not be quite

as ‘con fuoco’ as it is to-day, but neither

will it be ‘commodo’ nor merely ‘andante .

Switchgear that has been working at

pressure will most probably be the better

for a once over by an Ellison expert so

that when the Wool ton wand strikes up

the reconstruction symphony its part in

the ensemble will be played correctly

in accordance with the tempo indicated. 38 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 1 3 , 1 9 4 4

In San Fernando Pressure Charged Oil Engines are generating the current at this power station in Trinidad. Two Vertical Engines as shown below, each having an output of 500 kW . In all quarters of the world and in thousands of installations in this country, the Ruston Oil Engine is providing cheap power — for independent supply, in conjunction with the Grid, or as emergency standby plant with automatic operation.

★ ★ ★ ★

RUSTON W e invite enquiries for generating LINCOLN ' ENGLAND plant from 3 kW to 1,000 kW output

RUSTON & HORNSBY LTD., LINCOLN AND LONDON E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w Managing Edito r : October 13, 1944 Hugh S. Pocock, M .I.E.E. Technical Editor : Commercial Editor Contents O. Brettelle, M.I.E.E. J. H. Cosens Page Contents continued : — Page . 529 Editorial.—Scientific Approach 505 Engineers’ Organisation Explosive Atmospheres . 530 British Oil .... 508 Parliamentary News . 531 Synchronous Machines. By W Lincoln Inquiry . . 531 Szwander, EI.Engr. (Warsaw) 513 Supply in East Africa . . 532 Electricity Reorganisation 516 Contractors’ Policy . 532 Problems of Industry 517 Electricity Supply . 533 Correspondence 519 Financial Section . 534 521 Personal and Social New Patents . 539 Commerce and Industry 523 Contract Information . . 540 Electric Shock Effects . 527 69 I.E.E. Meetings . 528 Classified Advertisements Forthcoming Events 528 Index to Advertisers . 78

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Vol. C X X X V . No. 3490. O CTOBER 13, 1944 9d. W EEKLY

Scientific Approach Engineering and Sociological Applications

A LM OST anyone can be taught to carry the inaugural address of Sir Harry Railing £» out a specific engineering task, but as President o f the Institution o f Electrical that does not make him a craftsman, Engineers. In pointing out that “ life's still less a professional engineer. T o earn potentials . . . are neither good nor bad a title to either, he must be able to adapt in themselves, " he urges the need for a his training to new. situations and this scientific approach not only to technical calls for a real understanding o f the matters but also to all problems o f life, in principles upon which his daily work is furtherance o f which aim electrical en­ based. During his apprenticeship or gineers should be imbued with missionary sojourn at college he acquires something zeal. Their part includes the promotion even more important than either manual in all spheres o f human activity o f the skill or academic knowledge. He gains an same team spirit as it is their duty to engineering background, or what may be establish in their own more limited field— termed an empiric philosophy that will despite the temptation to become absorbed later inspire his professional activities. in intellectually satisfying technical Electrical engineers are especially happy problems. in the knowledge that they make an Self-Assertion and Co-operation indispensable contribution to human pro­ gress. Their training has given them This year's presidential address comes at opportunities o f realising that any con­ a time when many young men with the clusions to be sound mast be founded on best brains are being attracted by the tested facts and have regard to inevitable vast potentialities o f an electrical career. limitations. It has shown them the value It presents them with a classic statement of o f tolerance o f the opinion o f others. the broad philosophic principles that Finally, while serving their time, they have should inform their life's work. In had the priceless advantage o f mixing with addition it reconciles the tw o major groups all sorts and conditions o f men. o f impulses— the self-assertive and the co­ operative. Both ought to be developed Misused Benefits provided. Sir Harry emphasises, the first They have often received blame because enriches and does not obstruct the second. their beneficently intended efforts have By logical deduction from established been misused by those who direct social premises in the manner he has himself policy. They have sometimes retaliated by recommended. Sir Harry arrives at certain claiming that they should be allowed to conclusions on post-war industrial prob­ control that policy— a short cut that seems lems. O f especial interest are those con­ undesirable. Although the sociological cerning relationships within industry and implications of their achievements should between industry and the State and the certainly be a matter of concern to. them, vital need to export goods. These con­ the better way surely is that advoca tea in clusions are summarised in our report E* 506 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944

given on page 517. We dwell here upon the forward for discussion and the distinction less tangible aspects of his address, since was generally favoured. What the views they may perhaps be overshadowed by of the E.T.U. are on this matter are not the very immediacy of the more material known. Under the present system there features, based as these are on great are electricians and mates, the latter technical and administrative experience. receiving a lower rate of pay, so that to Their significance, however, is measurable some extent there are already two grades. in terms of time, whereas, even though the In the absence of a compulsory registration validity of natural laws be questioned, the system (which the Union supports) it necessity for a scientific approach to all would be difficult to introduce any further problems will remain. distinction between the skilled and the less- skilled. I n pursuance of its policy of avoiding over- Section T h e agenda of the con- Meetings centralisation, the Council Compulsory ference mentioned above of the Institution of Elec­ Registration included two items for trical Engineers has let it be known on a consideration “ in the ab­ number of occasions that it considers sence of compulsory registration of elec­ papers presented at Section meetings to trical contractors and operatives,” a phrase be on par with those presented at ordinary which suggests some doubt regarding the meetings. This viewpoint is reflected in possibility of achieving this. The first pro­ the change now made in the arrangements posed “ a permanent advertising campaign for awarding premiums. Papers of to secure public recognition of E.C.A. exceptional merit, whether read before an membership as opposed to non-members.” ordinary or a sectional meeting, become This is an excellent idea for it has been eligible for three major premiums as very largely the lack of publicity which has well as for the three premiums now rendered the National Register so ineffec­ assigned to each of the Sections. tive. Going further, the second proposal, I t is now thirteen years “ visualising the non-existence of the Explosive since the Mines Depart- N.R.E.I.C.,” was the employment by the Hazards ment established its station E.C.A. of inspectors to ensure compliance at Harpur Hill, Buxton, by members of proper work and adherence for the testing, with a view to certification, to Association obligations. This is also a of electrical apparatus for use in explosive laudable object, although it seems to herald atmospheres. Before that time (dating from the end of the Register. But we hope to 1922) the credit for testing such apparatus be in a position to say more about these for manufacturers belongs to Sheffield matters in the early future. University. It is natural that the work of the station should later have been extended W h i l e it has long been to include not only risks due to methane Body recognised that current but also those due to inflammable liquids Resistance rather than voltage essen­ and gases and to carbonaceous and certain tially determines the metallic dusts found in factories or in ships. severity of electric shock, it is probably Recent research on flame-proof enclosures not so widely appreciated that under some and intrinsic safety of circuits, of which conditions consequences may be more brief particulars are given in this issue, are serious at low than at high voltages. of increasing importance in an ever- Data presented in this issue show the widening sphere. influence on shock severity of various factors, including especially skin resistance L a s t week we referred (which is the chief obstacle to the passage Graded to a New Zealand pro- of dangerous currents through the body Electricians posal that electricians and may vary between 500,000 ohms should be graded under when the skin is dry and only 1,000 ohms two heads—those competent to carry out when it is wet), in relation to the heart and any class of installation work and those lungs. From the particulars given it will capable only of the simplest domestic be clear why immediate and prolonged wiring, to be described as “ electricians ” efforts at artificial respiration are effective and “ wiremen ” respectively. At a recent in a high proportion of cases in which life E.C.A. conference a similar idea was put has seemed to be extinct. 5 0 7 O c to b e r 1 3 , 1 9 4 4 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w

In our leading article of those few apparent advantages which gas Preparing for September 29th we drew now possesses. Since electricity must be the Future attention to the need for installed in any case, the complete elimina­ the Government to permit tion of gas possible in an all-electric house British manufacturers to employ at least would be of considerable importance in a small quantity of labour and materials the class of house planned, in which cost upon the development o f post-war designs is a primary consideration. or preparation for peacetime production. T he reduction in build- It is gratifying to see signs of a sympathetic Unnecessary ing costs also enters into attitude on tihe part o f the Government Flues another point raised. One towards manufacturers' desires. In the of the great advantages House of Commons last week Capt. of electricity compared with gas for Waterhouse, Parliamentary Secretary to heating and cooking purposes is that flues the Board o f Trade, said that “ facilities to are superfluous, yet the correspondent make various preparations for peace­ implies that it is an advantage to have gas time production are now being granted, just in order to have the flues available for provided that the work can be done with­ ventilation purposes. Surely it is possible out impeding war production." He said to design houses with adequate ventilation that since July 18th applications had been without going to this expense. received from 160 manufacturers in a dozen different industries; rather more T he necessity for fuel than half o f these had already been A Modern economy is imperative— granted and very' few had been rejected. Canute but so is the maintenance T h i s does not entirely of health. It was, there­ Home and clear up the position. fore, pleasing that the Order forbidding Export From inquiries which we heating in public buildings and offices was have made it seems that amended to bring the South of England stress is being laid particularly on export. into line with Scotland and the North. The Government appears to be willing to The reason for the decision is said to be help manufacturers to get into the produc­ the “ present abnormal conditions, but in tion o f peacetime goods at the earliest this country the abnormal in the way of possible moment but is hesitant to give weather is to be expected. Wintry condi­ too widespread permission. This is under­ tions cannot be staved off by regulations standable for the war is not over yet. and it would have been less troublesome Nevertheless, if manufacturers can show and quite as effective if the Minister of that the amount of labour and material Fuel and Power had left the matter to the needed is negligible in comparison with the patriotism and good sense o f the people total volume o f their present work they concerned. He has been ill-advised. should receive favourable consideration. A t Dotheboys Hall it W ritin g to the Gas-Electric Financial News with re- The Squeers was the custom of the Houses gard to the Ministry o f Method principal, M r. Wackford Works’ demonstration Squeers, to combine learn­ houses at Northolt, a correspondent asks ing with practice. It will be remembered, why it is necessary in houses mainly for for instance, that having learned that urban use, where both gas and electricity “ bottiney ” meant a knowledge of plants will normally be available, to concentrate a boy was sent to weed the garden. The system does not appear to have produced on one or the other. He feels that for certain uniformly satisfactory results, but this did purposes one medium or the other is not deter a member of the Stirlingshire inevitably superior, and that the two industries should have got together and Education Committee (who may or may demonstrated how in combination they not have read Nicholas Nickleby) from could contribute their maximum to con­ suggesting that the Falkirk Trades School venient cheap living in a small house. should be wired by the pupils to save The fact remains, of course, that future expense. It is presumed that the building technical improvements in the design of itself was put up in the usual w a y : a great electrical apparatus, such as infinitely deal more m ight have been saved if the variable hotplate control, will sweep aside job had been left to the building pupils. 508 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 1 3 , 1 9 4 4

British Oil Electrical Features of the First Field A N outcome of the pre-war prospecting time has been largely brought about by the r \ work about which the public received improvement and speeding-up of drilling almost regular reports is the develop­ As a result wells have been in production in ment in this country, mainly in wartime, of as short a time as seven days from the an oilfield which is now yielding crude oil commencement of drilling. An outstanding at the rate of 100,000 "tons (26 million feature of the whole field, which now has gallons) a year. True, this quantity may be 238 producing wells, is the electrical con­ considered very small as compared with tribution to this speedy drilling. Much the output of some of the world’s largest important work goes on, however, before fields, but the English field is comparable the drilling stage is started, so it will be as in size with some which are being worked well if we start at the beginning. sucessfully, the oil is of the highest quality, It seems to be generally accepted in the and the undertaking has reached a suitable geological world that the crude oil is of animal origin. The oil is absorbed by limestone from which it is forced to spaces under the peaks in the rock beds; thus a bore at a peak where there is such an accumulation of oil will result in an oil yield. In the

The drill pipe rises vertically through the bore hole and fits into slips in a rotary table at the base of the derrick

first place, however, there is a search for the rock which, in this case, is found at about 2,000 ft. below the ground level. The seismic method of rock identification is used, by which earth tremors are created by electrically firing about 200 lb. of high explosive in a shot-hole about 100 ft. deep, and the stage for ordinary commercial development. tremors are measured on sound detectors The oilfield was proved just before the spaced at about 1,500 ft. and placed on an outbreak of war, and by 1941, when in arc about six miles from the shot point consequence of the U-boat warfare the need In an observation van near the detectors the for increasing the yield by every possible ton detector signals are fed to special amplifiers was urgent, the output was about 25,000 tons which exclude all but the low frequencies and per annum. The marked increase since that the amplified signals are dealt with on a October 13, 1 9 4 4 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 5 0 9

multi-string galvano­ meter recording ap­ paratus on which time lines are photographed and cross lines from the detectors are recorded. Interpretations of the recordings, based on a knowledge of the speeds of sound in Si different materials (for instance, limestone 20,000 ft. per sound and sand 10,000 ft. per second) enable the geologist to produce a structural map of

All the well motors (above) are of the beam type, rather like Cornish pumps. Left : Mud is pumped down lit in the drill pipe by a 150-HP motor driven pump ¡drilling motor at rear right

tions which govern the weight of the metal to be lowered into the ground u. in suitable lengths, section by section, for driving the drill. The drill proper contains a series of re­ volving cutting wheels oil y which bear on the rock, he oil s and is fitted* to the end of one fcs the pipe which rises ver­ tically through the bore hole and fits into slips in a oeos; de rotary table at the base of :retlKU5 the rock. With a knowledge of the rock the derrick. The table and drill speed is peaks the way is paved for the commence­ decided on by the driller according to the rock ment of the boring operations which involve formation he is dealing with, so that the a good deal of rock sampling and speculation table speed may be anything from 20 RPM »erta'i to 150 RPM. Power is provided by a 150-HP., e and % before the actual well drilling is commenced. ibleat» Once the field is id proved, however, the course is straight­ there si forward and the site wells are bored and at ate equipped progressively tjundlpt as a normal develop­ 1 of IB ment. .by ffc At each site a steel craiii? lattice derrick is first it mo i ! installed and equipped aim# for the necessary drill­ ,, and it ing operations. The i to* height of the derrick ced oi 2 is decided on by the jot p® geological considera- KtOfife unpliiift- The pump and drill :ies, d motor control gear Is i on i mounted on skids E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 1 3 , 1 9 4 4 735-RPM, slip-ring motor which transmits recirculated. The mud also forms a lining from the motor pulley by Texrope to the to the wall of the bore hole to prevent draw-works gear box and from the latter caving-in, and to help in this binding agents a shaft is the driving medium between are added to the mud. The bore-hole may bevelled gearing on the box and the rotary table. The box affords six mechanical gear changes which, com­ bined with the nine

For supplying the de- waxing current a special m.g. set is housed in a lorry ; inset is the ter­ minal pole plug serving the set

variations on the motorcontroller, afford a speed range with an unusual number of variations for such heavy-engineering equipment.Thechange- speed controller and the unbreakable grid resistance are mounted separately, while vary in diameter from, say, 7 in. to 14 in. the motor control equipment also includes The pump motor is similar in all respects to an oil circuit-breaker and an air-break the drilling motor, and power is transmitted isolator. to the horizontal pump by a straight During the drilling operations mud is “ Texrope ” scheme. The pump control pumped down the drill pipe, through the equipment is also similar to that of the drill, and up again outside the drillpipe. In drilling motor, the nine-step controller this way the drill is lubricated and rock affording a wide range of speeds to satisfy cuttings are brought to the surface where the requirements of the different rock they are screened out so that the mud can be formations. The whole of the pump and drill motor control gear is mounted on skids. The two 150-HP motors may be coupled by means of friction clutches to provide one 300-HP driving unit. This com bined unit is sometimes used separately for both pumping and drill-

Any number of wells may serve one of the oil collecting stations at each of which there is a pump house to transmit the oil to a main collecting station. Left : Equipment in pump house shown below October 13, 1944 Electrical Review ^11 ing under stubborn working conditions, but The production it is more normally used for drawing out the pumping unit and driv­ drilling pipes on completion of the boring. ing motor are next In this case a hoisting drum is engaged and a installed at the surface rope from this drum is taken over the of the well and, accord­ crown blocks at the top of the derrick. The ing to the well yield, additional power thus available for this draw- the driving motor out work results in very considerable time varies from 2 H P to saving. 15 HP. These units When the oil sand has been reached a steel vary in type, but they casing of suitable size for the bore hole is all operate on the beam lowered to a depth determined by the principle, rather like geologist. This is cemented into the ground the Cornish pump, and and a smaller drill and drill'pipe are lowered they carry adjustable into the casing for drilling through the rock balance weights by to the oil. Production tubing, selected in which the pumping size according to the likely yield of the well, peaks can be “ ironed is next run into the cased bore hole, and out.” In some cases inside this pipe is next lowered the pump the balance weights are proper which is operated by sucker rods. on the beam proper, Installed with the production pipe at its while in others they are predetermined depth is a spring-steel unit carried on the crank * which is screwed to the pipe and makes a motion which links the push-in contact with the casing. Further, beams and the reduc­ the pipe is insulated from the casing by tion gear in the trans-

Spring-steel contactor unit and wood insula­ tors on the produc­ tion pipe ; a special moulded top insulator at the top carries the weight of the pipe

A t several points in each area a h.v. supply terminates at a switch in a transformer house from which the l.v. lines radiate to the wells. Right : An impression of orderliness is given despite overhead lines, roads and wells

neans of wooden in- ;ulators which are tlaced outside the pipe it 20-ft. intervals luring its installation. . . \t the surface or top end of the pipe a special mission system which has for its initial stage noulded insulator is fitted into the well a “ Texrope ” drive between the motor read in such a way that it carries the weight and the gear box. The motors run at speeds rf the tube. These insulating and contact of 480, 960 and 1,440 RPM, and the pump jnits are installed as part of an electrical stroke is determined by the pulley size, method of de-waxing the oil, to be referred according to the well characteristics. The motor and its push-button direct-on to later. 512 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 13, 1 9 4 4

starter at the well head are fully flame-proof suitable lugs and connecting bolts the and on the terminal supply pole for each positive and negative leads are connected to we , which is placed at least 50 ft. from the the production lube and the casing at the well to meet the Petroleum Board Regula­ head of the well, respectively. The circuit is tions, is a triple-pole and neutral weather- down the tube, through the spring contactor prool switch-fuse from which a three-core and up the casing. The heating of the tube cable is run underground to the starter. in this way melts the wax and permits Irrespective of the motor sizes all the motors normal production. Usually about an and switchgear are interchangeable hour’s heating run will dissolve all the The well pumps deliver the oil direct into accumulated wax. if- Vcert!.Cal ^an^s ar*d collecting stations, of The visitor to the oilfield is at first intrigued which there are a number throughout the to see the well pumps in all sorts of unexpected places, and then fie becomes surprised at how little they upset the appearance of the country­ side. Add to these the roads and the system of overhead distribution lines to supply all the pumps, and he is astonished at the general orderliness of things. From the electrical viewpoint the whole field may be considered as in three areas, in each of which there are several 11-kV supply points, each terminating at a switch in a transformer house in which the oil company has a 500-kVA transformer. On the 440-V side the transformer serves a distribution board from which overhead lines to the wells and collecting stations are fed. The lines are simple in character and carry in vertical formation three 0-2-sq. in. For de-waxing, positive and negative leads are phase and one 0-1 sq. in. neutral bare-copper connected at the well head to the production pipe and the casing, respectively conductors on shackle insulators mounted on 30-ft. poles. For supplying the derrick oilfield. The oil is passed to the collecting equipment during drilling a connection is stations by the well pumps, and at each taken from the nearest line by means of station a pump house transmits the oil to a a tandem-type overhead-line connection box. main collecting station at a special railway All the overhead line equipment was siding from which the oil is taken by rail supplied by Callender’s Cable & Construction tanks to refineries elsewhere in the country. Co., Ltd., and the derrick and pump electrical For this secondary transmission of oil there equipment by Metropolitan- Electrical Co., Ltd. are two 15-HP squirrel-cage-motor-driven three-throw ram pumps with worm trans­ mission. Like the equipment at the wells the motors and direct-on push button starters at Illuminating Engineering the collecting stations are all fully flame­ proof, the motors being Metrovick, while S a subject for his presidential address to the the starters are E.A.C. equipments. , Aa,miwa t,r g Engineering Society on October A10th, Mr. E. Stroud gave a historical survey The viscosity of the oil varies with its of the work of the Society from its formation temperature and treatment, and during by the late Leon Gaster in 1909 with Silvanus normal production it is an almost regular * ‘nompson as its first president, during which procedure to de-wax the production pipes time Mr. J. S. Dow has served as honorary to avoid loss in production due to the ^ C1itary- During the war the membership, settling out of thick wax. ? I™ ud approximately doubled and was “ J ’® ’ ,the growth being largely attributable We have already indicated that an electrical to the development of ten Centres which, with method is employed for this, and it involves heating the pipe by the passage of a current f,OO0 m S m ntary 8rOUPS> accounted f°r through it. The equipment was developed Reference was made to the official recognition by the oil company and it consists of a special th T w m V V t \ ElSri LiShti"g Code and °o motor-generator set and its associated equip­ nection wbh V'four committees in con­ ment mounted on a lorry, so that it can be nection with wartime lighting anart frn m taken from site to site as required. The « ¡ s & n x r £ motor is a 68-HP, 440-V, 970-RPM machine which is supplied by a trailing cable from a plug and socket unit mounted on the terminal m So M W * pole at each well. The generator is a 54-kW, immediate future, plans were in ha „2 r 44 to 54-V machine and can be loaded up to providing a “ hallmark ” for qualified' n i , °r engineers and for other activities w h ich ! 1,000 A. By means of trailing cables and entail a full-time secretary and farger statfW°U'd - 1 ■> October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v i e w '♦ J Synchronous Machines Constructing a Circle Diagram for SalienuPole Designs account the influence of HE use of circle dia­ Bv W. S zw a n d e r, the saliencv in salient- grams. and of circle F I Engr. (Warsaw), A.M.I.E.E. pole type machines, but T power-charts which due to the complexity of are based on them, is their computation they certainly cannot play widely adopted in practice when studying the the same part as the simple circle dia­ performance of non-salient pole synchronous grams and charts used for non-sahent-pole machines. With both the stator-winding machines. So far as the author is aware, resistance and the influence ot saturation oi no simple circle diagram applicable to sahent- magnetic paths neglected, the circle diagram r-an be drawn easily and with little expense ot pole machines has previously been described work for every value oi the constant terminal in technical literature. The fundamental vector diagrams (Fig. la voltage. . r , From such a diagram the magnitudes ot the and b) show why the simple circle diagram in use for non-salient-pole machines cannot be field currents and of the internal displacement applied without modification to salient-pole angle (angle between the vectors of excitauon- machines. In the case of a non-salient-pole voltaae and of terminal-voltage) can be reau machine (Fig. la) the •■ working point F. for aU load conditions (determined e.g. by corresponding to certain load conditions anv two of the five values: MY A, MW, MVAr, amperes and power-factor). Due to (described by the terminal voltage Et. the stator-current I and the power-factor angle o) the saturation being neglected, such readings can directlv determine on a circle diagram or are only approximate; they are sufficiently chart all the parameters which are of interest. exact, however, for the majority ot practical These are the active and reactive powers (pro­ purposes.* Though a more exact chart, in jections of the vector OF upon the axis OR which saturation can be accounted ior. could and OM), the magnitude of current and of be computed, all the simplicity would be lost, the apparent power (the distance of the point because the lines of constant field-currents F from the point O). the excitation current and of constant displacement-angles are then (the distance FA), the power-factor angle represented by irregular curves instead ot by FOR and the internal displacement angle circles or straight lines, and the amount ot FAO. When a salient-pole M M machine is considered i (Fig. lb), the “ working A point ” F can deter­ V \ mine directly, as in the . - ' ' V a \ case of a non-salient- F \ \ pole machine, only the values of pow er (active, ^ A ^h v s A&N' reactive, apparent), of .O stator current and of P c __ _ power-factor angle. 'y N \ ^ / The remaining two / / t / values—the excitation i current (distance AG) f l ( b ) \ s and the internal dis­ ( ° ) Ne f placement angle (angle A GAO)—can be found A only after determining the •' excitation point *' igrams oi a non^ V K G by the method used bi salient-pole synchronous machine when constructing the a salient-pole machine work involved in determining such curves is vector diagram of ------(i_e. by making the ratio OH : OF equal to quite out of proportion to the possible uses the ratio of the quadrature axis synchronous reactance x., to the direct-axis synchronpus A im flaxpower chans have been reactance x.i and by drawing FG perpendicular (O G C. Dahl—"Electric Circuits. 19-8), which in addition to saturation take also into to A G ). Thus, if the lines of constant excitation • See " Fundamental Electrical Characteristics of Syn- currents are to be represented by circles drawn c h r t^ Torbo-Genemton - by W. Sz-ander. l.E .E . round the centre A, and the lines of constant Journal, P a rt II. Jane. 194-,- 5 1 4 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944 internal displacement angles by straight lines Fig. 2 gives an example of the chart described passing through the point A—then not the for a 24-MVA, 0-9-p.f., 11-kV, 214-RFM “ working point ” F, but the “ excitation water-wheel generator, with synchronous point ” G, which is associated with it, must be reactances ; Xd = 155 per cent, (saturation used for reading the respective values. On neglected) and xq = 0-6 xa. W hen the the other hand, should all the values be deter­ value of xq is not known, it can be found if mined by the position of the single point F the leakage reactance xi and the ratio of pole- in the system of power co-ordinates, then the arc to pole-pitch b : Y are known, because lines of constant excitation currents and of (Xq — Xj) .= Kr (xd — Xq), where (according, constant internal displacement angles would for example, to M. G. Say and E. N. Pink) be given by some irregular curves which could for the values of b : Y of 0-5, 0-6, 0-7, 0-8, not be determined without a considerable 0-9, 10, Kr is : 0-2, 0-27, 0-38, 0-53, 0-74, amount of labour. 10 respectively. A close enough approxima- It is much more con­ venient, however, to use the simple circle diagram, which can be prepared in a similar way as for a non- salient-pole machine having the same value of Xd as the salient-pole machine under con­ sideration, and to ac­ count then for the sali- ency by using two “ working points ” in­ stead of one, when tak­ ing every reading from the diagram. These two points correspond to points F and G in Fig. lb, and have a definite position, one in rela­ tion to the other (hav­ ing determined F, OF is divided in the ratio OH : OF =■ xq : Xd, and G will be found as the projection of the point F on AG. If G is given, LF must be drawn perpendicular to AG, L found as pro­ jection of O on LF, and F obtained from the proportion LF : L G — Xd . Xq ). Usually, in practice, only a few readings Fig. 2. Power and excitation chart for water wheel generator from a circle diagram are needed; it is better, therefore, to obtain ,?n iS 1° take Xq = 0-5 to 0-6 Xd. Incident­ quickly and easily the diagram itself, even ally, the accuracy of the computations can be though some additional work is later neces­ increased by partly accounting for the sary for every reading, than to spend con­ influence of saturation on the value of xq by siderable time and effort in computing a taking only 90 per cent, of the non-saturated directly-reading chart. A further useful value of this reactance. simplification is not to draw any circles on 2 with a deliberately chosen power- the chart, but only the two axis of co-ordinates, su)nce °A (A being the centre of the stability limits and the necessary scales; excitation circles) is found as-OA (in MVAr) enough room is then left for the additional constructions to determine the twin points Vs, h": Xd’ where Nn is the MVA F and G for every reading (which can be v i g ?f,.the,.generat°L and Xa the per-unit a? fe synchron°us reactance made either on white prints of the chart, or at the rated load and rated terminal voltage. on a sheet of transparent paper laid on top of At a terminal voltage EL different from the the diagram). rated value Et, the expression will be OA = 515 October 1 3 , 1 9 4 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

Nn fE V v The length of OA gives the P = ^ ( l sin8 + T sin28) ’ X d ' \ E t / field-current scale, because OA is equal to the o ^ (5 _ 2 cos28 — ^ cos8^ . Q Xd \3 no-load excitation current; this last can be E 2t taken without neglecting saturation (208 A In the above the term — is equal to the in the given case), which gives readings of the absolute field-current values closer to their distance OA in the power scale. (In Fig. 2 three-phase values are used.) In practical actual magnitudes. For the rated-load working point Fx on the application the drawing of the two stability diagram (24 MVA, 0-9 p.f.) the excitation limits is much simpler than it might appear point Gj can be found following the pre­ from the foregoing. The curve Ag (the viously described procedure (the auxiliary sector A'A is of no practical interest, corres­ ponding to negative excitation values) is in line OZ helps to find each time the ratios OH ; point A tangential to the straight line mn O F = LG : LF = xq : xd). AGq = 448 A drawn at an angle of 45 degrees to the gives the full-load field current. With this excitation kept constant, the point G2 on the co-ordinates. Further, the shape of this curve theoretical, steady-state stability limit A Ag is so flat that it is not'necessary to calculate (for working conditions on infinite busbars) the cos 8 for more than two or three values ot determines the moment of the loss of syn­ the ratio ^ (e.g. equal to 1, 2 and 3), thus chronism by the machine. The “ working point ” F2 corresponding to determining the points gq, g2, The corres­ the “ excitation point ” G, represents a point ponding points fq, f2, f3 of the curve A f will of the stability limit A'f of the machine in the be easily determined graphically. In addition power co-ordinates. . it can be also proved that OA' = — Xd According to the representation ot every working condition by means of two P°ints> {¡e , = If of OA when Xq = 0-6 xd) and one in the power co-ordinates (point F) and that the curve A'f approaches asymptotically the other in the excitation and internal dis- the straight line QAP (which is the stability placement-angle co-ordinates (point G), there limit for the non-salient-pole machine), and are independent stability limits for each ot also that the point A", corresponding to the the two systems of co-ordinates, i.e. the curve zero excitation, has the_co-ordinates: A'f for the points F, and A'Ag for the ppmts Xq (i.e. i v 5 for xq = 0 -6 Xd) and G Points of the curve A'Ag can be deter­ P = Xd2xc Xd j Xd 4 E\ mined by differentiation of the power expres­ Xd Xdi — Xq\ E 2t for (i.e. 3 Xd sion for the salient-pole synchronous machine: -( ,X q 2Xq ) Xd (all values in the following formula; are per Xq — O' 6 Xd). , . phase, and with stator-winding resistances The stability margin of the machine to neglected). which the diagram in Fig. 2 refers, with the P = E ^ sinS+EM£L_ -jO sin 28> full-load excitation AGX = AG2, is given by the comparison of the active loads at the Xd 2xd X q dP points F2 and Fq, viz. 34-5 ; 21-6 - 1-6. = O, hence cos8 = P = Pn for d8 Incidentally this margin does not differ much from what it would be for a non-salient-pole Ed Xq ■ ± machine. . . , Et 4 (Xd — Xq) ^ ■v/d:V VEt 4(Xd — Xq)^ 1 2 When a shunt-exciter is used, its inherent which gives values of 8 for every value of stability cannot be preserved with the excita­ excitation described by the ratio Ed . Et. tion-current dropping below a certain mini­ The second curve A'f can be deduced mum (usually no values of less than halt of graphically from the curve A'Ag, using the the no-load excitation are admitted), inis previously described construction of finding means that the excitation stability limit A Ag points F corresponding to the given points G. must be supplemented by the excitation circle Otherwise the co-ordinates of the points ot the curve A'f can be calculated for the values g'g" for | d equal e.g. 0- 5, thus m aking the of 8 and Ed corresponding to the points on combined stability limit g'g"g. The corres­ the curve A'Ag by making use of the above ponding final stability limit in power-co-or- quoted formula for the active power P, and of dinates will be g'f"f. the following formula for the reactive power: With the exciter excited from a pitot- O .H uA ii-l^cos-S-SqficosS. exciter or from any other source of constant ^ X q V X d X q / Xd voltage, a theoretically stable operation of the With the assumption of xq — 0-6 xd, which synchronous machine is. possible down to is acceptable for the majority of practical zero excitation current (and even with certain investigations, the formula: are much sim­ negative excitation), as long as the excitation- plified (all values are per phase): point G is on the correct side of the stability 3 £ . / / 3 Ed\ 2 1 limit A'Ag. In this case the use of a mini­ mum excitation limit (similar to g'g") is cos8 = - 8 - Et 516 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944 imposed sometimes to provide a safety margin before reaching the theoretical stability values of excitation and of terminal voltage. Salient-pole machines, for various design Making sure that the field-current will not reasons, may be built sometimes, (e.g. at low be less than a prescribed value is a satisfactory speeds) with comparatively low values of the measure of dealing with stability h m S o n s direct-axis synchronous reactance (around of synchronous condensers, but this will not and below 100 per cent.). In such cases, and without exceeding the rated load, the states of t ^ n T ^ i in the Case o f generators i c h synchronous instability may be impossible iistabTlhv w’fhan appro?ch the conditions of instability with every value of their excitation when working on infinite busbars. Even then, however, the circle diagram described may be J casf the stability limits A'f and A'Ag are the only criteria forjudging the stability found useful for determining the excitation When using these limits, necessary safety requirements and the internal displacement angles of the machine, the knowledge of which margins must certainly be observed a s in case of all “ theoretical” stabihf/Fmits may be essential in solving many general in the present discussion certain practical power-transmission and system-stability prob­ applications of the simple method utilising lems. When the direct-axis synchronous -he circle diagram for salient-pole machines reactance is larger than 100 per cent., or when have been illustrated. There may be many there is a probability of over-loading the others, e.g., quick determination of pull-out generator, the circle diagram described is the torque of a synchronous motor for various best source of information about the admis­ sible capacitive loading of the machine. Electricity Reorganisation )tpeuLsoryS FaV°Ured by Association of Municipal Corporations ^iviruLiUKY iPh V ? , reorganisation nfof th*the dis­a ;* ^ , , , tribution of electricity on an area basis be less favourable than for a company under­ taking. The technical and administrative officer mC en d ed ?n pubIlc authonty control, is recom­ mended m a report approved by the General appointed for the area should be responsible Purposes Committee of the Association nf through the area authority to the Electricity Municipal Corporations. It is ^sTconshlered Commissioners for the technical development that reorganisation should include generation and administration of the undertaking The view of the drawbacks of divided comroT ’ Central Electricity Board should co-ordinate data concerning power station design and per­ M cfinw rr™ 8 the ReP°rts o f the Weir and McGowan Committees and the Association’s formance for the free use of undertakings observations on them, the present report com­ It is considered that the Electricity Commis­ ments that the conclusions of the McGowan sioners should be given adequate powers to deal Committee were clearly tempered with a desire more comprehensively with the supply industry to avoid any serious dislocation of the industry and that the newly constituted area authority should, under the direction of the Commis­ hL tf at time' Tbe incidence of war sioners, work towards the standardisai of desire°fofVer’ aroused .in the Public mind a keen desire for a more positive and vigorous policy voltage, uniformity of tariff forms, uniformity to enable the nation not only to repair the of services to consumers, and the development devastation caused by the war, but to help to ofeectncity supply in rural areas. Ftpr-t . uur industries on a sure foundation. rprT dh re®ard to generation, the Association’s Electricity is essential to the civilised life of the ^P°rt Points out that the existing trading community and should be placed under public R n a r d ns b^ ween undertakings and the Central aAu‘hon y, ownership and control, which in the Board would not be essentially modified by the Association s considered opinion is the most pr°p°sed reorganisation except that the Board satisfactory means of ensuring the future would deal with a smaller number of under­ prosperity of the country as a whole. 6 takings. Under the 1926 Act, generation is ct, .,e8|s,atlon> the report recommends nm eLa °f "ational control, which does should include a direction to the Electricity Hnn < j’ inyolve the separation of genera- Commissioners to delimit the country into a areas Pn,'n?1Str! a tl0n- WIthin the Prescribed are that L against any such separation appearaD^earrto°iheraS to the Commissioners, r?SpeCt ofafter which careful il local may are that the economic development of any dis- investigation, that a suitable scheme or schemes anHUIffin SyStemr dependS Up0n the size> location prep™red8amW hereand co:ordlnation should be theret^Cinniy- ? power stations connected prepared. Where in such an area the under- which ¿re dUfrih8t-generating stations> most of takings are principally local authority owned numbers nf Î “ng centres, there are large the public control authority for the area should whRh forms an'fntemTpart o f i Witcbgear’ of fhc 'wif> tho rlty’ “ nder Basis “ A ” in para 7 Com F • Daper -,ssued after the McGowan Committees Report. Where the undertakings shoiddhc company owned, the authority generation and dis”rib uhoifM The11* ffiCCS b° th J constituted board, similar to of ^ I,,-1" IU me White wmte Paper. In the event recommend well frfoa , ’ out should also of any local authority undertaking being of supply to ensure tnn.Cei. generat‘on Points acquired, the terms and conditions should 517 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944 Problems of Industry T h e I .E .E . Presidential Address Regarding post-war problems, the fo'jow- HE extent to which the electrical industry inn conditions had to be accepted . can, and should, contribute to the materials would become incre“ inf^^^^^ T solution of post-war problems provided pvprvwhere' energy could be transporieu, the theme for Sir Harry Railing’s inaugural m achinery ’could be ■made LVadabl® ^ address as President of the Institution of labour could be trained anywhere, lheretore Electrical Engineers. The present world no individual organisation or country won d upheaval, towards which electrical engineers he able in future to maintain monopoly in had a special responsibility, was, he said, production unless-and then only for a short greater than any before, because inventions time—it could forge ahead in new develop­ now affected the whole globe simultaneously ments and products or could lead in quality and many more persons were engaged i scientific and technical matters. °rfo°day it°was more than ever necessary that Progress in engineering had been so every individual should receive as good a phenomenal, so satisfying mtellectually. :so genera! education and training in his handi­ helpful in raising the standard of d craft or profession as too little attention had been Paid to the need possible and also in m i to develop and organise not only materials team work. Even more and sources of energy but also human hves than the individual Engineers should have made the world engineer must the in­ reafise that their achievements necessitated dividual industrial unit adjustments in relationship between the recognise the principle individual and the community and between of team work and different communities, A broader under­ give-and-take. Success standing by the engineer of sociological could be achieved only problems and also a greater general under­ through the co-opera­ standing by the citizen of science and eng>nee ’ tion of capital, labour ing were essential for a better comprehension and management, of life in all its aspects. even as it required Sir Harry Railing Wider Application of Principles the co-operation of research, development, Engineers should teach the principles Again the total underlying their work, and arising out of S training in the hope that they would be general Wap pl ied. The first was the need to discover the fundamental facts and to tes condition of similar units in this and them before drawing conclusions, tak g into account the means at their disposal C°The increasing volume of interests common shunning universal application where to all member! of an industry could be variable! applied and realising that cause and furthered by industrial associations on effect were inextricably interwoven. Integrity £& Pnn% ,.^thou^un^™ ^ of purpose, disciplined imagination and mdividual effort. / r°Per‘y knew of no nower of critical analysis, coupled knowledge of available scientific ^ n .q u es, provided an essential basi . ,1 Qf approach should be applied to all problems “rBiSSKiSsftiSSSS takings They had contributed greatly to ordered industrial progress and had Proved themselves socially beneficent thr°ug ffiucb

and exchange of p a t e n t s and manufarturmg exnerience, a measure of jomt researcn, t collection of statistics, t h e maintenance of good relations with other industries, Gove lim its and was n prom that knQW_ ment Departments and labour. _ Such associations were to the advantage of Fdgelhould spring humility and tolerance. 5 1 8 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w October 13, 1 9 4 4 the country in general, provided the com This in turn would depend upon continuity that* • sufficient authority to ensure of work (by continuity of demand), upon the This 'invnl1 h0C? arrangements were made. This involved, inter alia, the right of the will to work (by proper wages and conditions community to the compulsory use of patents and by mutual trust and an understanding of under certain conditions with safeguard to the part played by each partner) and finally mventors and the right to approveCiona“ upon the capital equipment allocated to each and international arrangements. If wisely man. Regarding the last named consideration managed these associations made for efficient as wages rose, the ratio of interest and depre­ production, steady employment, and high ciation to labour cost became less. The value quality and could limit industrial speculation. produced per man-hour could be greatly increased by a generous provision of capital the l0t position of industry within the State it was generally accepted Sir assistance, provided the turnover was large Harry said, that the interests of an individual enough to allow for the additional interest and depreciation. interestinteres^'of of Sthe T community. 56 SUbjeCt For t0 thethe highest If wage rates increased more than the degree of development, however, a com normal cost of living, the volume of articles produced would generally be greater owing to th tm ih t mUHSt a*li0W the utm ost freedom o f the increase in the effective demand. On the f 2 i n | »°n t0 lndividuals and groups other hand the cost of the product would noi in lt f Py central authority should increase and therefore exports would decrease mstraffi them® fP 6 What t0 do 50 m uch as or else the cost of raw materials and food others T h e r e actions prejudicial to others. There was no intrinsic merit in State bought m exchange would be more There was therefore a wage limit which could not arcrei1^ 'Pere,y because it constituted the largest individual unit. The most efficient be exceeded so long as other countries lagged size of unit varied from industry to industry far behind our standard of living. and from product to product. Essentials for maintaining any lead British industry could gain were more research and Functions of the State npr tfrf LUCar ’ lncreased capital assistance p P e industrial development of Great nnrf HoLt, e'S -> Power supply, tools, trans- State^hmfi/ 0 ered-’ should be that the r u* 8 8 anc* working conditions) oriicv it! concern itself only with broad of management and labour as policy, its function, decreasing in extent o the functions of both, and increased with emergence from the immediate post-war -p orts especiahy those which would expand period, should be on the following lines - world demand by raising the standard of To,c°-ordinate general trade policy, relations living in backward countries. fo i;n HnC'eS WitP those o f other co u n tries; Voluntary Co-operation to decide, in closest consultation with organised industry, the relative priorities to J-0hnu Siuart MiI1 that the worth be given, while shortages existed, in regard to the ffidviH ‘"i g run was-the worth of labour, raw materials and new capital, having individuals comprising it, Sir Harrv regard to the needs of the world in genera! expressed his belief that the basis of the , RaJitug especial attention to export resDonsimrt1 fhe ,lntei,íSence and sense of potentialities on a long-term basis- to esponsibihty of the individual and the encourage all measures which would induce thoCughfandnt ?f the max™ um freedom Sf (not compel) industry to increase its efficiency bought and action, co-operation—national in scientific production and management rase1 ofThe11Rnr “ t^^Uld be built up’ as in the capital equipment, training and education of case ot the British Commonwealth not hv labour and staff, long-term planning or closing down of uneconomical units °0 unders ür an „ overriding .bnh by sensefr“dom of responsibility“ “ i* ™ encourage properly constituted trade associa­ should notare11 selbsh considerations tions, which should become the channels for was at smke Whu ere the common welfare was at stake. While progress might a p p e a r dusrif andThteIr mdUStry 3nd between in­ stated mm n Government; to adapt the agreemcmWeit lf depefndent uPon voluntary “ 5 s Purchasing power and methods of owfne to t’hi WaS, °ften naturaliy quicker taxation to meet abnormal fluctuations in enforcement ufV°K ^e °f °PPosition which employment of labour. At the present stage «rfu as hound to evoke. the h v,V6t f p,i0perly organised directive at highest level would be in the interest of the community, but the State should not be trv fnP6thatlng mechanism of productive indus­ try in this country and at this juncture. the cosine a pr°duct Iargely depended on s h T u f e ” 'l.a u h "5 the cost per man-hour. The only way of Lr,"h d rT Seh- maintaining the present wage standard would .own spher^ f e ?houC,°H,,‘hrlb“,li" «"='" desire that the principes annhTd6 .buli“ pg he through increased output value per man own work should be applied m h fe l general! 519 October 13, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w CORRESPONDENCE Letters should bear the writers' names and addresses, not necessarily for publication. Responsibility cannot be accepted for correspondents opinions. some undertakings are still doing satisfactory Immersion Heaters in Washboilers business by selling at about id. per kWh. NSWERING “ Immersed’s” letter in I agree that generally the highest peaks your issue of October 6th on the use of occur during cold weather but I have also A immersion heaters instead of clamp-on found that the highest weekly load tactors elements for washboilers, I would point out occur at the times of the highest load. This that with the latter a sump has to be used goes to prove that space heating is used tor which in a short time becomes filled with many hours during winter months. It is soap and particles of material, whilst the questionable whether cooking would be at a danger of running dry with rapid deterioration higher load factor than space heating. In of the immersion elements is ever constant. any case a well-developed domestic load can, The use of an automatic device on an and does, give an average load factor ■ ot immersion heater to operate just above about 32 per cent, and as the m.d. does not boiling point really necessitates a laboratory coincide with the factory peak the load instrument, which, of course, is impracticable factor of the undertaking is improved. It on a washboiler. With regard to costs, is impossible for a factory working forty- an immersion heater costs approximately seven hours a week to obtain a load factor double that of clamp-on elements. as high as 28 per cent. With a working Certain types of embedded clamp-on week of forty hours factory load factors elements will not burn out even if the wash- will be lower. boiler runs dry, whereas an immersion heater I have never been able to say wdh con­ will soon do so. The efficiency of an im­ viction what constitutes a “ good ’ load. mersion heater in a washboiler is in the Conditions change rapidly. I Pr.®ter *° neighbourhood of 86 per cent, and that ot consider every load which is not likely to clamp-on elements 84 per cent. There is interfere with the supply to other consumers no comparison whatsoever between the as a good load. operation of a kettle and that of a wash­ Welwyn Garden City. B. C r o w s l e y . boiler. The former deals with from 3 to 4 pints of water, and the latter from 6 to 8 Freedom of Choice gal. and one does not put clothing or HAVE followed with interest the various soap into a kettle. articles and letters upon the subject of Leeds. D. H. S. S a n d e r s o n . I “ Services for the Home, first with Cheapening Electricity amusement but latterly with consternation. It seems to me high time that someone asked EPLYING to Mr. Harker in your issue “ What does the user w a n t ? ’’ in s |p a d ot R of October 6th, I definitely do not driving only from the angle of What 1 agree that space heating cannot be think is good for you will keep me m employ­ economically supplied on a two-part taritt ment and that’s what you are going to have. with a running charge of Jd. per kWh. Whilst I am in the electrical industry One of my reasons is that m 1938, when in myself and have no axe to grind for gas the last two weeks of the financial year there companies and do not even own any coal was a cold snap, one undertaking which shares, I cannot follow the attitude that to imposed no restriction of any son on cut out these other forms of heat in order to domestic space heating made a profit with cheapen the home is desirable. Why not go a running charge of less than ^d. per kWh the limit and have a Government issue of one when the number of kWh sold to this; class standard box per person in which to live. was approximately the same as that sold to The acme of cheapness would then be attained. power consumers, and the average price It seems also time that the electricity supply including standing charges, for all kWh industry should be honest and openly admit sold was less than Id. This is an extrem what it knows to be true instead of hiding case where there was no chance of recovering known facts for its own benefit. I refer to the extra cost of the higher m.d. from (1) That irrespective of efficiency or cost the domestic consumers. x>r-. vast majority of people prefer an open coal In your issue of September 8th, M ■ fire in at least one room of the house. To Harker put the cost of generation at 45s. sit for an evening at home round a gas or per kW and 0 27d per kWh f t « « electric fire is not the height of comfort. surelv a running charge of £d. per Kwn ro (2) Electric cookers cannot compete with gas mrniimers would give a substantial profit whatever is said about cleanliness, etc. The nrovided the correct standing charge was long time taken to heat up and even longer to made. Whether these costs are right or not, E t SCO E l é c t r ic a !. R ex tew O e lidvr 15. I°44

roe. ¿own again. _ the Dscesstj for specsil as to give die householder freedom of choice ucejxans. the Limited rinse oí control. die between different fuels; but it is important cesrarc.cty of having ro ~ave somecMns to weigh beforehand what extra cost may that can be «annd up " »that one rareK be involved. A means for providing house­ isas on due footplate after one has éebíkí holders vvith some freedom, o f choice between ’** - ..ake the wfcofe thing a luxury article fuels might be to equip different houses of and not a very dever one at than t5 > That the same group in different says.- stecttKfts s best tor lijhtinj. radio. dearas This is a tardy recogridon of the point and several^©crer home uses is uofiiisputed which 1 have beer, so repeatedly emphasising . & satisfied with giving the consumer that freedom of choice must in the end be s ec:,Tct:> where i: is prosed best and be more expensive to the domestic user. It ciear-minded enough to allow him to use has beer, possible to penetrate the crust of ocher _ methods w-ere the? are obviously Whitehall, as is shown by their statement supenor. After aE. the user pavs for «fat that electricity will normally be used foe ne has, and cocfunutel? he has a w a y . in th e fighting wherever it is available, but this is . o ->-—■ ccrin n cirs tnose who trv to very belated, and cfae dunderheads have at sell him something he does not « an t last realised that for many years past it •¡i’«w*.S*w«. D.Mt»«Y. has not been possible to sell or let a house, m cur rorrescvrcc-: > cpirioc. of electric except in remote country districts, unless rookmg »ere supported b y puhfie experscce. electric lighting is installed. - ' - cetric rare.-'* rave been me rarld prostress What a pitiful story, and this after over m rom eme eleetriñcaticn. with rociihg is hs sixty years of our existence together with the major ro ~ rc re m that was so notable a reatare efforts of the Last twenty-five years of o f pre-war years when freedom o f chotee was ro n ..p.ete. The rapte increase in ronsmiipcton. E-D_A. I What a hope for the excellent lor the purpose provides a saScfaec answer to work of the EA .W . and its efforts to secure ms c _esu-.'■ " VV rat does the want * __ the all-electric home I No. I am afraid Editors. Efeeíráaií Arvrev.j that Miss Haslett and her women are con­ demned to the ~ traditional methods “ of Hoaans Manual. 1 1 4 4 dirt and drudgery" and the higher cost of the minions of new houses which, the Govern­ H E above-mentioned Manual is ment states, win, be necessary in the next few rom mended to the serious considera­ y ears. T tion o f all supply engineers. It is issued Eotc©*. H .CJL F. W. P u r s e . Uit-cei th e .eses of the Ministry of Health a n d th e M inistry csf W o rk s. a n d in th e ir [Reference to this Manual, and a comment thereon, appeared in our September Ntab issue— own words “ k Encended for the guidance of Editors. ESfcrrimi Reran*. local authorities anc others coc.cerned, and moor, therefore, be taken as the yurd- P to n sio o o f Increased S u p p fv srics in regard to the future housing pro­ gramme of the Govemrnent. Vk E wonder if some of your readers ▼ ▼ rould give us a n y infomracion regarding The Manual is. in my ©pinion. definitely thr position ot etectrkc power consum es an advocare of schd fuel. as will be gathered when faced with Ehe following problem. from the many references to such use' and the necessity for the provision of chimoevs. t h e co n su m ers in a uestioo w isfi 10 increase tceir output and to do so will have ro install fuel store and access thereto. Electricity , several additional motors. They have ves andigas, are ro-adescecdingiv referred appivachec_ the electricity supply authorirv to as likely to be more economical for '^nc —re tmorrned that the existing sup pi v intermittent or auxQsary purposes, and it cab le. ^ point from wfofoh the consumers unbtasfamgiy maíces the statement that .0 get their supply-, is too small to rake the unless fuel chares are exceptionally favour­ proposed extra loud, and if the sire of this able arc " all-gas ~ or “ aE-dectric " installa- cable is increased the consumers must g o g would be more expensive to run than an guarantee a certain sum per annum for a instahacioo based on a rom bina cion of soled me. and gas or efcccncicy. but at the same' taxed penod ot years fa sum which is ron- nme makes_ the further statement that the stderably more than thev at present puv per open coal fire has the attraction of cheer­ annum for electricity) and in addition' thev fulness and is traditional. It does go so must install correction apparatus to improve tar as to say chat socket outlets should be et>rcccec reduction in power factor after insraiLiug the additionaE ihocots provided to be used either for local Lighting or Afteroanvely the supply authority suggests tor -'Tiro ekccrical appticances. such as titat ahigh-voicage supply should be brought portable fires, radio, vacuum cleaner, etc. The eniv grain of comfort I can find in “1^ ^Etsumers works, the transformer and aft_ other tcecessarv- rear to be housed the Manual is the statement : “ It is often thought desrable to provide services, for suraer _ jnv.• at vbCilding no expense pr°'i the ^ sur^tx vron- ' instance tor the possible use of both cas and autfaonty. The cable that it fs p r o S electric power for heating and rocking, so to increase m size ts at present used ro sS ^ y 521 October 13, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w of huildines having lifts for public use are other consumers and if the h.v. supply was unaware of the high damages readily awarded installed it would in all probability be used for relatively minor injuries sustained by to supply these other consumers also, who accident, antf in our experience all are covered are at present faced with a similar problem by insurance policies against th's- . but to a lesser degree. . insurance companies, in turn are keen an What we should like to know is, has the see that old installations are brought up to supply authority the right to demand that date in regard to safety precautions in orde its conditions be met before the consumers to guard against accident and consequent can get the supply they require. 1 hese consumers are on a flat rate, at so much ClWith regard to the goods lift to which per unit for power used. C o n t r a c t o r s . Mr. Ashby refers this must surely be m premises within the scope of the Factories Preventing Accidents Act, and attention to the defects is required VWTITH reference to Mr. E. W Ashby’s as a matter of law. letter in your issue of October 6tn, i L eicester. Evans Lifts, Ltd. feel that'he must.be singularly un­ F . G . C h e r r y , Managing Director. fortunate in his experience. Very few owners PERSONAL and SOCIAL N ews of Men and Women of the Industry HE Council of Liverpool University is jn' S ’ » “ ™ i ' ï ï i “ na'mli viting applications for the David Jardine T Chair of ( with special reference to and the relations h^tween electrical engineering and physics ) a f r salat^ of not less than £1,500 per annum. Sfeassistant, Â-æïi. becomes sales development SSK SŒassistant. Leave of absence would be given to a successfu At the term ination of five years’ continuous nresidency of the Association of Supervising s S l S l S i s “ ElectricalFlecSEnineers, tngiuco , Mr. ^H. ^ W. induct Swann, his M.I.E.E.,successor Marchant who had held it for thirty-eight years. into office at the first Mr E. H. Skinner, deputy borough electrical meeting of the 1944-45 engineer of Colchester, has b^ fX!cUd»ester session at the Lighting electrical engineer and m anager of the Chicheste Service Bureau, London, Electricity Department. . on October 21st, 1944. At the end of last month Mr. H. L. Mms The president-elect is retired from the position of engineer of the Mr. E. R. Wilkinson, Stoke-on-Trent Corporation Electricity Depart- M.I.E.E., commercial manager of the Central Electricity Board, who has been on the staff of theBoardforoversixteen years and has occupied now Uen appointed'general manager and his present position for takes control of the whole undertaking- the past seven years. taMr S was educated at Whrtgfft School His duties in that capa­ Croydon After two years m jhe drawmg Mr. E. R. W ilkinson city give him a wide and intimate knowledge of engineers,0ffiCeef?rsStra°tford?E Strattora, tn he e Enteredc foe electricity assistaat electricity supply and bring him into close supply industry in 1895 Islington. contact with electricity supply authorities and industrialists throughout the country. . . S w o o te wS appoinredmains'supermtcndent Mr Wilkinson received his technical training M e'southafpton at the Dick Kerr Works of the English Electric Co Ltd and after gaining practical works experience, concentrated on power station design. operation and costs of production. He z,b.-R-N.VB. s is r & ( tN x o r£* * ¿Pr„ “ Sild.te ;ersri»." Stoke- u n td th e end of hostiutie . j m ains subsequently joined Merz and McLellan, wit whom he was engaged on power projects for on-Trent unde.rtatans « ^ position’ of deputy various parts of the world and on many of the superintendent and helc p his app0int- investigations into co-ordmation of generation electrical engineer l i m 19« ^ one son, and standardisation of frequency which preceded E“e“mS« EaUng- the 1926 Act. Mr. t. Nims, Electricity Committee T he Stoke-on-Trent Electricity ^ Mr J Billcliff, assistant mains engineer at Eastbourne, has been appointed deputy mams superintendent and technical assistant at Chel ten­ ham, and his successor will be Mr. S. Naylor, “S £ fiS F S 3 T i h'i-bhac.ppoii«<. 522 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w October 13, 1944

^421^42 to^ efaVt0fl,EaSiboiirne take the place of Mr. from C BirkenheadEastaatf» in model of the well-known advertisement depicting an English Electric fuse resting on top of the with^he pllh rnt\Aa/S ^ssistant electrical engineer with the Public Works Department in Nigeria world. At the same time Mrs. Pooley was P.r5seilted "nth a “ Minton ” tea service. Another gift, from all the staff and employees under Mr Pooley’s control, made at a dance and social evening m honour of Mr. Pooley, was a portrait i? Corporation, and the position at d resen r in oils by the eminent artist Wales. This was held by him at Eastbourne is to be advertised presented to him by Mr. C. A. Wilson, chief draughtsman of the fusegear works. A third his^former1 I*i?y als° n,ot be known by many of his former coUeagues that Mr. J. R. Harbour left presentation, of a specially designed easy chair trom his many friends and colleagues throughout t!wir 0Ur?e P°wer staff some little while ago the whole of the English Electric Company, took at one I f th UeS °f a •COntro1 roorn operator place at the company’s guest house, The Old Edmundson groPu°pW er Statl° DS bel° Dging to Hough, Stafford. Sir George H. Nelson, chair­ man and managing director, in making the . Appointments Vacant—The Ashford I i n r presentation, outlined Mr. Pooley’s service with ■s advertising for a chief electrical enrineer and me company, comtoencing with his appointment manager at the “ Walker scale ” salarv of £995 m 1919 and his activities in opening up the new y e a ^ i nerP" " f be Paid* fol the fe t fusegear section in 1926. This section was y_ ’ , per cent, for the second and the full transferred m 1932 and by 1938 four times as invite thereafter. Huddersfield Corporation many people were employed. invites applications for the post of deputv r Ml F;. A. Dear, secretary to the Sheffield ¡i;“:"« ;“'""1 ,i £,5° “ »«» Corporation Electricity Department, has retired after forty-two years’ service. ¿ U U - i S W i £ W w S S r Mr. C. E. Sexton has been elected a director of have been appointed members of the Advisory Council to the Committee of the Privy Council Corporation. ^ P° W6r & LightinS to L SKCleDDt,fic ,and Industrial R'ese^ch Sff Joseph Barcroft, Sir Harold Hartley and Sir boato o f S im m s ' Molol'um“ .T tT * ^ ^ nfetton ntVh retired from the Council on com- P etion o f their terms of office on September 30th. O bituary Ho i PreParation for anticipated post-war developments Luton Town Council has subject SthM^v'xrendw waude— The death on October and ihpPM °Vai °f lr e Electricity Commissioners 8th of Mr. Wendell Willkie, at the age of fifty- in °ther?asf fn° 3 premature end a career which, an a^sismmT °f LaboUr’ agreed to aP P ^n t I°ur years, possessed international EkctnV n n devf]opment engineer for the significance. Mr. Willkie was the son of a salaA of>£506Partment Wlth a commencing field erna?tl ira!elf built up a rePutation in this „ 7 Particularly as counsel to the Southern Atohnrhc°w i eSi Midlands Joint Electricity Sh™ ? s decided to discontinue Mr. E. B. oFd„.K0mmonwea!th Corporation for whose Sharplej s services as clerk in view of his retire- growth °ver a very wide area of the United te b r n l ? largely responsible and of which on-Tren°tm TheP°A 9f t0Wn cIerk of Stoke* thatn» president. It was in this connection . £ h c,„4kt p o n M , S' that he came into conflict with President oRf0° r dt,i '' Ne^ Deal,” particularly that part S m fe of Ihe coiotiiutDt i it which resulted in the creation of thf» Tennessee Valley Authority. He eventually c‘ SharP tells us that he has now ™ f d sale’ at a favourable price, of some owncnes,SwTtohes LLtd. t T n HeH ; joined ye yeHrS,,with the company V enner as Time an anh Coiporation s properties to the T V A would nUofd an unden-aking that the Authority bSard'\nC1937lanH919’ Wh Sh aPPoimed to the In the l 94om p ete,!n tbe, C orp o ratio n ’s areas. F ^ P succeeded his father, Mr. E nnrF,ci!f x!r n Presidential election Mr. Willkie yeaf or twif ago l° r ° D hi$ reti« m en t a andan d later ffiter^,nH made ^°OSevelt an extensive a - R ePworld ublican tour candidate makine 3 S u n “ “ F l Crvwe has been presented with contact with the leaders of the United Nations at the 'ca r subscribed for by his colleagues at the English Electric Co., Ltd. Stafford ,, Mr- E- P- Roper.—We record with rearet on his retirement after thirty-one years’ service thesuddendeathon September 25th of Mr. The presentation was made by Mr A R j ' Roper, chief designer of the transformer Blandford chief engineer and manager of Ele^trto Co ltd 6 W°rks the Ge the switchgear department. At a farewell in Anril 19 7 9 1 ' R oper joined the G .E .C . ,ga ber‘ng m tbe Association Hall attended by a , , company, which included Mr J W c Ir'£vi* KSSt ^DroCTam3kSrmanager- and Mr- Blandford,' h, ^ , entertainment was provided by members and friends associated with the B s S f s *• “ a* switchgear drawing office. hfp?ayed SaSl S t a ^ ° f Presentations made to Mr. A. M. Pooley W itton w orks 2 P art ln Clvil defence at the the nos'itton f occasi°n of Ms retirement from tho Posltlon °f general and works manager of death r'e/enU ylT'^! to learn of the I id iS„Cf! i r 5ectl0Il of the English Electric Co., o f M r. C Ltd., included one from the staff and employees ol the fusegear works in the form of a silver 5e™ !«“httra “"d contr.;SAy 523 O c to b e r 1 3 , 1 9 4 4 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w COMMERCE and INDUSTRY London Building Restriction. Luton Heating Investigation. The operation of this Order is designed to Engineering Cadetships release for urgent repair work men engaged on N February it was announced that it was less essential jobs. To the same end the Ministry proposed to award further engineering cadet­ of Works has addressed an appeal to all hrms I ships to boys during the autumn of this in the building industry to accept or participate year, subject to the circumstances then pre­ in contracts for repair work in London. 1 hey vailing, and applications were invited. The have been asked to furnish particulars of the view subsequently taken, in the light ot the number of men of various trades which they war situation and' of the latest estimates of the employ, including electricians. future requirements of the Forces, was that these requirements would be adequately covered Improving Coal-Mine Efficiency without training further cadets and it was A Committee has been appointed to examine decided that the'Education Departments should the equipment and organisation ot coal produc­ not be asked to award further cadetships this tion and to report to the Minister ot Fuel mid vear. Power on the technical changes required tor lull ' T he Ministry of Labour Gazette now- reports efficiency. The investigation will cover cutting that arrangements have been made, however, of coal by machinery and by hand, methods ot to complete the interviewing of candidates conveyance in the pit and on the surface, and selected from applicants who responded to means' of loading into wagons a trailway sidings. earlier announcements so that those of them The chairman is Mr. C. C. Reid, Director oi who are enlisted into the Services may be Coal Production at the Ministry. specially noted with a view to their consideration for training for commissions in branches ot Cable Operators for Gibraltar the Services w'hich do not call for engineenng qualifications, and to the further possibility Sixteen probationers with the rank of Army of their beine sent to technical colleges tor lieutenant who left this country last week tor specialised training at a later date should Gibraltar constitute the first party ot young circumstances make that desirable. men to go abroad to operate cable and wireless communications as members of the Telcom Repair Work in London organisation. Before departing they were The Minister of Works has made an Order entertained to tea by Sir Edward Wilshaw, (S R & O. 1944 No. 1112) which, from October chairman of Cable & W ireless, Ltd. 3rd. reduces the limit of expenditure up to which building work may be carried out without Diesel-Electric Traction licence from £100 to £10. The new Order Four now being built bythe applies onlv in the London Civil Defence L N E. Railway for shunting work will be ot tne Region. The expression “ building work DÏesel-electric Vpe. The equipment, which is includes electrical installation work. Licences being supplied by the English Electric Co., Ltd., for works costing £10 but not exceeding £100 will 'be similar to that of the locomotives ot in cost will be issued by the local authontv the L M.S. Railway described in the Electrical for the area in which the work is being earned out; licences for works costing more than £100 will continue to be issued by the Regional Licensing Office, Minis­ try of Works, 51-54, Gracechurch S treet, London, E.C.3. Licences will be issued only for works which are really essential. Application for a licence to complete essen­ tial work already in hand (costing more than £10 b ut less th an £ 100)should be made immediately to the borough or urban district council and pending a decision the work mav be continued. L.N.E.R. Diesel-electric shunting If work is necessary in circumstances ot such R e v i e w of May 19th. They will, however, “ eUr«ncvnCS to make it impossible to obtain embody a novel feature in that they are designed n Hcence' beforehand, it may be put in hand, to serve also as mobile power stations in the h.nthe^ borough or urban district councilor event of one of the company's works or pumping R e g i o n a l licensing Office, as the case may stations being put out of action. £ f shield be notified as soon as possible ot The 350-HP, 680-RPM is what is being done. E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944

directly coupled to a compound-wound genera­ hour; the resultant payments will therefore tor, which is provided with a double-wound be :— Over 21 years of age, 6d. per hour; armature so that a 200-kW supply can be between 18 and 21, 3d. per hour; under 18, obtained on either a two- or three-wire system lid . per hour. at 500 or 250 V or alternatively at 600-V for supplying the two traction motors. The in­ N.J.B. Schedule Revision dustrial supply can be obtained through two At the last meeting of the National Executive circuit-breakers on a panel mounted on the Council of the Electrical Power Engineers’ rear wall of the driver’s cab. Association a report upon the revision of the Drawing Office Lighting National Joint Board agreement was presented by the chairman of the sub-committee dealing A lighting system which the L.M.S. Railway with this matter (Mr. Toynbee). Details are not Co. has installed in one of its principal drawing given in the report in the September Electrical offices, where designs and specifications are pre­ Power Engineer but it is said that the proposed pared for the construction and maintenance of amendments relate, inter alia, to holidays, basis of classification and sala­ ries. As regards classi­ fication it was suggested that there should be different bases for inside and outside staffs. For the former plant capa­ city was favoured but for the outside staff a new basis, taking into consideration both the number of consumers and the amount of en­ ergy sold, was proposed. It was considered by the Council that so radical an innovation required very thorough investiga­ tion before any decision was arrived at. A survey of the position Fluorescent lighting at an L.M.S. Railway drawing office is be made and facts and figures obtained to determine the probable rolling stock, comprises about sixty fluorescent effect of introducing the new system. The tubes in high-efficiency reflectors providing matter is to be raised again at the January illumination of 25 ft.-candles on the drawing meeting of the N.E.C. boards. It replaces a number of 200-W tungsten lamps in enclosing glass fittings giving Luton Factory Heating Scheme only 5 ft.-candles, and reduces consumption by more than half. The fittings permit some Preliminary inquiries are being made at light, which would otherwise be wasted, to be Luton into the possibility of the Corporation’s directed upwards through longitudinal apertures generating station being used to supply waste in the top of the reflectors, thus obviating a heat to factories and thereby save fuel. Mr. depressing “ tunnel ” effect. To allow future C. T. Melling, the borough electrical engineer, variations in the spacing of tables and to simplify in a letter sent to the largest industrial under­ erection, steel tubes run the whole length of the takings in the town informing them of the offices supported by, and clipped to, the roof project, explains that in conjunction with the trusses. There is an almost complete absence Central Electricity Board an examination is of shadow and the daylight qualities are much being made of the possibility of using the appreciated. The installation was designed by the electricity station as a thermal unit on the engineers of the L.M.S. Rly. Co. and of the lines which are familiar in Russia and America, Edison Swan Electric Co., Ltd., utilising where district heating schemes are in operation. fluorescent tubes and reflectors of the latter’s He points out that the supply of heat to private make. dwellings, as with the more usual district heating systems abroad, is not contemplated. Electricians’ Wages The present investigation is very preliminary and one of the first necessities is information In accordance with the Wages (War Adjust­ as to the possible demand by industry. ment) Agreement made between the National Interviewed on the subject, Mr. Melling Federated Electrical Association and the estimated that the saving in coal at Luton Electrical Trades Union on November 24th, would amount to about 10,000 tons a year if 1939, as amended by an agreement dated the scheme came into operation. High- September 24th, 1943, the cost of living pressure, high-temperature boilers and back­ (war) addition as from the third pay day in pressure turbines would be installed, and heat October, 1944, for the pay period covered by would be sent out to the factories in the form that pay day, will be 5d. per hour, the addition. of high-pressure hot water. The pipes would to remain current up to and including the have to bo heavily insulated to prevent loss second pay day in January, 1945. In accordance of heat. The whole thing was a matter which with the agreement of September 6th, 1944, would need the most detailed examination this rate is subject to an addition of Id. per before it could be established whether heat October 13, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w at 3 ft 3 in. centres bring the aggregate illumina­ could be supplied at an attractive price. He tion up to 30 ft.-candles. Comparing this et ij added that industrialists had shown a good svstem of general plus supplementary lighting deal of interest in the scheme. wfth a hypothetical general lighting scheme nroviding 30 ft.-candles throughout, there is Daylight in Buildings claimed to be a saving in electrical energy of With a view to facilitating design for the about 25 per cent. purpose of securing adequate daylight in Wits' dwellings and schools, the Codes of Practice Welding Demonstration 'Otis Committee of the Ministry of Works has issued resents for comment Chapter 1 (A) of the Code of A new roller spot welding machine for light dttli Functional Requirements of Buildings. Scientific alloys recently developed by the Metropolitan- 'Hit; standards are analysed and methods of obtaining Vickers Electrical Co., Ltd., was demonstrated 3(tl% them are given in detail. These include a table at t h e company’s works recently. The oppor­ ’topotf.. of general and specific daylight factors and tunity was taken also to show several °fher ‘Mbs depths of penetration of light from windows for types of welder at work, including a 650-kVA andsjj varying types of rooms. Appendices deal with spot welder and a condenser discharge Spot the design and siting of buildings as factors in welder, both for light alloys; air-operated spot natural lighting and with the use of daylight- welders for general workshop use; and a f

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Iso-Speedic

The lso-Speedic Company Ltd., . Telephone : Coventry 3 iqj Telegrams; Isospeedic, Coventry 5 3 5 October 13, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w The Cables Investment Trust, Ltd., is again Companies’ Returns paying a final dividend of 3 per cent., making 5 per cent. (same). Statements of Capital Pinchin, Johnson & Co., Ltd., are maintaining Seaford & Newhaven Electricity, Ltd. — an interim dividend at 2} per cent. Capital, £120,000 in £1 shares. Return dated Ransomes & Rapier, Ltd., are paying an May 3rd. All shares taken up. £106,000 paid interim dividend of 2 per cent., tax free (same). (£1 on 92,000 shares and 10s. on 28,000). The Ever Ready Trust, Ltd., has declared an Mortgages and charges: Nil. interim dividend of 3 per cent, (same) in the South Somerset & District Electricity, L td .- ordinary and deferred shares. Capital, £200,000 in £1 shares (all ordinary). Return dated March 20th (filed May 3rd). New Companies All shares taken up. £206,531 5s. Od. paid, Playle of Maldon, Ltd.—Private company. including £6,531 5s. in respect of premiums on Registered September 30th. Capital, £3,000. 55,000 shares. Mortgages and charges: Nil. Objects; To acquire the business of electrical Chasetown & District Electricity Co., L td.- and refrigeration engineers, and contractors, Capital, £100,000 in £1 shares. Return dated and manufacturers carried on by A. S. Playle at April 9th. 63,130 shares taken up. £1,000 paid. Electric House, High Street, Maldon, Essex, as £62,130 considered as paid. Mortgages and Playle of Maldon. First directors: A. S. Playle charges: Nil. and Mrs. A. V. Playle, both of The Temples, Witham, Essex. Registered offices: Electric Electrical Appliances Guarantee Co., Ltd.— House, High Street, Maldon, Essex. Capital, £1,000 in £1 shares (all ordinary). Weldonia Radio Accessories, Ltd.—Private Return dated April 14th. 800 shares taken up. company. Registered September 16th. Capital, £800 paid. Mortgages and charges: Nil. £200 Objects: To carry on the business of H. J. Cash & Co., Ltd.—Capital, £25,000 in manufacturers of, and dealers in, radio, £1 shares. Return dated April 13th. 20,000 electronic and electrical apparatus, etc. shares taken up. £15,000 paid. £5,000 con­ Directors: Marjorie D. Franklin, Weldonia, sidered as paid. Mortgages and charges: Nil. The Avenue, N.3, and F. S. Franklin, 73, Byng Drive, Potters Bar, Middlesex. Solicitors: Increases of Capital Price & Williams, 38, Great James Street, W.C.l. Registered office: 38, Great James Vactric, Ltd.—The nominal capital has been increased by the addition of £150,000 beyond Street, Bedford Row, W.C.l. the registered capital of £250,000. The Scott Leighton Safety Guard & Engineering additional capital is divided into 600,000 Co. (London), Ltd.—Private company. Regis­ ordinary shares of 5s. each. tered September 26th. Capital, £100. Objects: To carry on the business of electrical, motor and general engineers, wireless dealers, etc. Sub­ Mortgages and Charges scribers: F. O. Scott-Leighton, 68, Morsehead Radio Electrical & Television Co., Ltd.— Mansions, Maida Vale; and N. C. Robertson, Mortgage registered September 22nd, to secure 50, Marlborough Place, N.W.8. Secretary: S. £732 and further advances, charged on 76a, J. Chubb. Greenway Road, Runcorn. Holders: Leigh E. R. (Factors), Ltd.—Private company. Permanent Building Society. Registered October 2nd. Capital, £100. Davey, & Co., Ltd.—Mortgage and Objects: To carry on the business of electrical further charge on properties m Colchester, and wireless engineers and contractors, etc. dated September 12th, to secure £340. Holders: Directors: C. W. Edwards, 16, Chelm sford Trustees of the Colchester Permanent Beneht Square, N.W.10, electrical engineer; andi H. Building Society. Lasky 9 Brockley Avenue, Stanmore, Middle­ sex, radio engineer. Registered office: 4, Adelaide Electric Supply Co., Ltd.—Satisfac­ Woodfield Crescent, W.9. tion in full on September 1st, of mortgage or Tates Radio Co., Ltd.—Private company. charge dated August 28th, 1929, and registered Registered September 19th. Capital, £1,000. August 29th, 1929, securing £250,000. Objects: To acquire the business of an electrical Nevelin Electric Co., Ltd.—Memorandum of and radio engineer carried on by Wm. Tate at deposit of deeds of land and premises in Purley 33, Nile Street, North Shields. Directors. Way, Waddon, Croydon, with fixtures, dated Wm. Tate and Mrs. Olive C. Tate, both of 9, August 30th, to secure all moneys due or to Millfields Gardens, Hexham. Registered office. become due from the company to Westminster 33, Nile Street, North Shields. Bank, Ltd. A E Powell, Ltd.—Private company. Regis­ De Renzi, Holmes & Co., Ltd.—Satisfaction tered September 26th, Capital, £2>°°°; ° Bj®c‘sf: in full on September 14th, of debenture dated To carry on the business of manufacturers of, October 7th, 1943, and registered October 11th, and dealers in, wireless and teDvision sets, 1943. electrical apparatus and accessories, etc. Direc tors: A. E. Powell and Mrs. M. Powell, 4V, Liquidations Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey. Shirebrook Electric Supply Co., Ltd.—Winding Companies to be Struck off Register up voluntarily. Liquidator, Mr. J. Gadsby, 17, The following companies will be struck on the Gluman Gate, Chesterfield. Register a t Thee x p i r a ti o n of three months from Rriminpton Electric Supply Co., Ltd.—Winding Sentember 29th unless cause is shown to the contrary Gainsborough Radio, Ltd.; Plupe - up voluntarily. Liquidator, Mr. J. Gadsby, 17, Gluman Gate, Chesterfield. feet Refrigeration Co., Ltd. 5 3 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944 STOCKS AND SHARES for each year has been brought up to 20 per cent. The company occupies an extremely T u e sd a y E v e n in g . strong financial position. At the end of TOCK Exchange business is running December last year there was £207,800 cash: on quiet lines. There is little in the stock item stood at £11 million. The S any of the markets to attract especial profit and loss account showed £398,000. The attention, save in that for radio and kindred capital is £11 million, of which £1,300,000 is companies’ shares. The front rank industrials in ordinary stock of 5s. units, the other hold their prices with firmness, but it is £200,000 being represented by 41 per cent, noticeable that where, a month or two ago, preference stock in £1 units. The present to sell several thousand shares was in many price of the ordinary shares, 25s. 9d., allows cases an easy matter, to-day the buyers seem a yield on the money of £3 17s. 8d. percent., to be less ready to take anything that which in itself is evidence of the respect in approaches a line. Plenty of money is which the investment is held. The fluctua­ available for investment, and the character tions in the quotations are, as a rule, within of the war news is considered good enough narrow limits. That the company will be to warrant cheerfulness as regards the fully employed with profitable work after the outlook. war is taken as being a matter of course. Effect of T.U.C. Report Prices and Yields This week the General Council of the British Insulated can be bought at 107s., Trades Union Congress meets at Blackpool, to give a return o f £3 14s. 9d. per cent! and its report, published in advance, contains C allender’s cost about Is. less and, at 106s., sweeping recommendations in the direction of the yield is £3 15s. 5d., the two companies,' nationalisation, not so much of industry as of like W. T. Henley’s, are paying 20 per cent, industries. The effect of this publication on their ordinary shares. Johnson & has been to introduce a fresh element of Phillips at 75s. return 4 per cent. Enfield caution into investment and speculative Cables, at 61s. ex dividend, give £4 2s. and business. Well-known industrial companies Automatic Telephones, at 60s. 6d., yield a are declaring similar dividends, interim or trifle over 4 per cent, on the money. Siemens final, to those of a year ago, but these have at 35s. give 4+ per cent. The yield on London failed to have any noticeable effect upon Electric Wire and Smiths at 38s. 6d.—and prices. So far as the T.U.C. report goes, its 500 shares are offered at this price—comes suggestions are so extensive as to preclude to £3 18s. Of Globe Telegraph & Trust the likelihood of their being adopted in ordinary shares there are 5,000 offered at anything like their entirety. In the meantime, 39s. 6d. The company has paid 5 per cent, however, they exert a certain amount of free of tax annually for some years past, and influence over the investment of money. the yield at 39s. 6d. is £2' 10s. 7d. net, Domestic Securities equivalent to £5 Is. 2d. with tax at 10s. Richmond Electrics are a good example of Miscellaneous Matters shares which rarely fluctuate in price. Last week, however, the quotation rose 6d. British Electric Traction deferred is quoted to 26s. The company is a baby of the County 30 points lower at 1195. Calcutta Trams are of London Electric Supply. County ordinary jumpy. From 63s. the price rose to 69s. and Northmet ordinary are easier. Northamp- before it reacted to 67s. 6d. Argentine Tram­ tons have gone back to 50s. Scottish Power ways stocks went better because another eased off to 40s. 6d. In the equipment and Argentine company, the Primitiva Gas, has manufacturing group, Lancashire Dynamo been accorded better terms by the Argentine are 2s. up, at 96s. 6d. General Electrics Government than those originally offered. further improved to 93s. 3d. Hall Telephones Brazilian Tractions keep their rise, reflecting are Is. better at 31s. Gains of 6d. lifted Tube the satisfaction felt with the recently in­ Investments to 95s. 6d., Walsall Conduits creased dividend. Amongst other move­ to 49s. 6d., and Telephone Rentals to 11s. 9d. ments in Overseas stocks, a fall of 3 points The Home Railway market is passive. lowered Tokyo sixes to 27. Canadian Inquiry Tor preference shares is returning, dollar stocks are down. Perak Hydro- and Edmundsons sevens, as an example, at Electrics, at 13s. 6d., have lost 6d. 35s. 6d. are Is. higher on the week. De la Rue M urex ordinary at 93s. 8d. show a gain of Murex, Ltd., did less well in the year W. T. Henley’s Dividend which finished last June than in the previous W. T. Henley’s Telegraph Works have twelve months, the profit, as mentioned in declared the usual interim dividend of 5 per j*™ ™ . S Elec,ri cal Review, being about cent., this making the eighth in the series t/o.lKXJ down. The company is, however which started for the year ended December paying the same dividend, 10 per cent.! 31st, 1937. Since then, the total distribution (Continued on page 538) O c to b e r 1 ? . 1 ^ 4 4 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 5?" ELECTRICAL INVESTMENTS Prices, Duidends and Yields

D rriieii m ii> D irix ri Mil 3s • Prate T1—-ic Prix Rse 1KU CoETiET Ft«- Oes- or jac. Cezrpazy Pre- Oct- oc puc. •TMS Lass 10 Ftii vxnat Las 10 FaS Hn k Electricity Ciswtits PMc £ s. t £ s «¡L BanovMdi tad CezrraL Ejeeszicrrr: .. 12* l i l .. 3 17 4 1955-&* i CRil Brssgi Focer *zT I>s=are» 3 3 100 -- 3 0 0 T.KLS . . j 7 33« 4 3 1955-75 5 5 1141 -- 4 7 4 ( i t £ Lopooa . . 7 30- 3 13 4 1951-73 41 41 107 -- 4 4 1 C Ir« T a iT s 42 — __ 3 1« 0 19*3-93 3T 3| 1041 -- 3 7 0 Qyr-Tj cf Lc s S 44 * —«d. 3 12 1 1974-94 si Si ll%>i -- 3 5 0 Biscxosezs: L*>2fi.-:n Etec. Trazs. 7*m PreL 7 35« —1- 3 19 0 JLsd. . . 2| 21 9S1 -5-1 2 10 9 3 17 5 LjcLez i H-jCe O ri . . 6 « 31 - 4 BeeTT i-T oLAbc 9 9 45 « .. 3 19 € CoHBiies 1955-75 4| 112 -- 4 0 Bftae. Hz- az*I 5e- i«c.LF3es3iaK31 121 13| «0 - 4 10 0 A 41 1301 3 14 s Ik *. Sc: : j Cff- B 5 5 121i 4 2 4 in iM t Id 10 45« 4 2 4 C 3 Si es 4 15 lae ce XbAze« .. xa 1» « — Wes MizLz Ss J.fLA. Ta-l-S- ~2£±Z izd 194S-«S 5 5 K«1 -- 4 14 0 P*«nsr 71 7| 37 — -- 4 1 1 Tetesrart im4 Tdafcwe Liaz^lj E&B£- . . 6 « f i i -- 4 10 Aazio-Am. XeL : .W- Ajav. rjreti* 3 4 2« — -- 3 1 « PreL -- « « 123 4 17 7 lisaSuiZ ruggsrii.. % « 30« -- 3 IS M . -- U 11 3:* .. 5 0 0 A^»-PteagMS § s 3S — —«3. 5 14 4 Deb- .. 5 5 lost -- 4 1« CaHe A Hzegg?: VarTL-T-A^ftAn A~S- S s 44 — -- 3 12 9 51®® PreL -. H H 1151 -r| 4 15 3 CGCLEtas s s 41« -- 3 17 0 Cted. .. 4 4 S2 4 17 9 Vii- Ejec- pQ*«er 9 9 44 «si -rS i 4 1 0 XE 4eis- 9,- .. — 5e«ta5Le I jk — 7 31« -- 4 9 0 GksfeeTeL A XeL: X :r z j^asen « -- 3 IS s 7% Ps^- 7 7 35 — -- 4 0 0 Gseas XiSgbcm xeL V.Tr-rr.-v, ~ t«~ — .. 10 10 50- —«d. 4 0 CE10> . . xa xa 30 -- — N-3GE3Z M i®# Ir s r . asL A TeL xa xa 211 — Pis. tild) .. « xa l©f -- — ]bnoB4brae.. 71 71 3S- . . 4 3 4 Xcrizzres Fosrer: XeL iteii- 1 « 10~ 50 — - « i. — OraHsazj 7 43« —1#- 3 4 4 Xetepfcgg.e Props. xa « 22 « .. 5 « s «**preL € « 3 « -- 3 IS s XeSe. BenraLs 5 - I - 10 113 —Cd. 4 5 0 Bk**XE>i Btec- 6 6 - —«d. 4 12 4 Soecagk Ps?«er .. 5 s 4*: « —04. 3 19 0 T net»« art Traasyrt * Tpiys 5 5 **_ .. 4 7 0 A^pc-Azs'. irs rs .: SadL T irtw . - 7 7 2*3*- 4 1« Jirs PTeL ^5) xa xa 2 « -- — Wess Bens 5 5 23« .. 4 5 1 4®e Irac- xa xa 71 -4 — WssGks. 4i S* 24« 2 17 0 b?tt. Bier- T>wrinr I - iE Z i Flee... §“ 43- .. 3 14 5 M . t e i 45 45 1195 -so 5 15 4 PreL (ted. ISO 4 9 0 OTW*as Eksetridty D»#ai«s 57/— 3 10 iielk. .. Xa S3 T* EssBoi Traits . - 10 10 2 11 1 Bad'&acnM .. U 7 S - « -S' ** AT - — 9-i 71 «7 « - 2 4 0 & s ^ a e S e t.. 10 7 ^ ~ 3 10 0 CistraK» Trans.. *! -5-Sf- 4 1 Cape Bier. Trans 5 « 25 « 4 14 1 Eaa * k-i.-» ptcwa- ~ 7 '■ 10 45« 4 S 0 «_ Erzsa-en -tiler—. -t ~ <« •£ ■ Lancs. Traz!S»in 10 (10 — 5 5 11« -- 4 7 0 MexSrsn l£ S : >— * 4 I s Bc-Ziis - 5 5 1051 4 14 9 MiissEee. .. _va -s. B20 5 \ . - 5 5 lOfiixd -rl 4 14 0 Ifeszal Pcteet IT TT 231 —I — 40- 2 10 0 SociLem B ly.: P*ja=rf—*=*“*=»•_'“■ A** 5* 5* 5% Fie:!. .. 5 5 74 « 15 2 Peak IIyT£re~fe»z. 6 13« —€d- — 4 7 tScSS. 9-»ZS.. 1« 5®® PreL 5. 5 T_ TOiHr 10 10 tC - 3 « 3 Tjsto Bast. » 4«- 4 7 0 Yaesa^sBaLaL-z-S’ 15 15 4* 3 10 Wess - - 10 10 « 25 « 4 14 0 * D rT iiezrs xre r a il tree oe '^ w srg ^ax. 5 3 8 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944

Dividend Middle Dividend Middle Price Rise Yield Price Rise Yield Company- P re­ Oct. or p.c. Company P re­ Oct. or p.c. vious Last 10 FaU vious L ast 10 Fall

Equipment and Manufacturing £ 8. d. £ s. d. General Cable (5/-) 15 15 15/- 5 0 0 Aron.Elec.Ord. . . 10 15 61/- 4 18 4 G-reenwood & B atleylö 15 43/9 6 17 0 Assoc. Elec. : HallTelephone(10 /-)12 * 12* 31/- + 0d. 4 0 8 Ord. .. # .. 10 10 51/- 3 18 4 H enley’s (5/-) . . 20 20 25/9 —6d. 3 17 8 Pref. .. .. 8 8 39/- 4 2 0 4*% Pref. .. 4* 4* 24/— 3 15 0 A utom atic Tel.tfe El. 12* 124 60/6 4 2 4 Hopkinsons .. 15 17* 69/3 5 1 1 Babcock & Wilcox 11 11 49/6 4 8 9 In d ia R ubber Pref. 5* 5* 23/- 4 15 9 British Aluminium 10 10 47/- 4 5 1 In tl. Combustion 30 30 6* 4 10 8 British Insul. Ord. 20 20 • 5 * 3 15 6 Johnson & Phillips 15 15 75/- 4 0 0 British Thermostat Lancashire Dynamo22* 22* 96/6 + 2/- 4 13 5 (5/-) .. . . 18* 184 20/- 4 12 6 Laurence,Scott(5/-) 12* 12* 13/— 4 16 2 British Vac. Cleaner London Elec. Wire 7* 7* 37/6 4 0 0 (5/-) . . ..30 30 29/- 5 3 5 Mather & Platt.. 10 10 51/3 3 18 0 Brush Ord. (5/-) 8 9 10/9 4 3 9 Metal Industries (B) 8 8* 50/6 3 7 6 Burco (5/-) .. 15 17 * 17/- 5 3 0 M et.Elec.CablePref. 5* 5* 21/3 5 3 6 Callender’s .. 15 20 n 3 16 2 Murex .. .. 20 20 95/- 4 4 4 ChlorideElec.Storage 15 15 87/6 3 8 7 Pye Deferred (5/-) 25 25 33/9 3 14 5 Cole, E. K. (5/-) 10 15 32/- 2 6 11 Revo (10/-) .. 17* 17* 40/- 4 7 6 Consolidated Signal 24 27* 6f 4 3 6 Reyrolle .. 12* 12* 72/6 3 9 1 Cossor, A. 0. (5/-) 7** 10* , 25/- — 6d. 2 0 0 Siemens Ord. .. 7* 7* 35/- 4 5 9 Crabtree (10/-) .. 174 17* 41/- 4 5 4 S trand .Elec. (5/-) 7* 10 8/9 5 14 4 Crompton Parkinson Switchgear & Cow­ Ord. (5/-) .. 20 22* 32/- 3 7 3 ans (5/-) .. 20 20 19/- 5 5 1 E.M.I. (10/-) .. 6 8 34/9 + -& 2 6 0 T.C.C. (10/-) . . 5 7* 22/6 3 6 8 Elec. Construction 10 12* 57/- 4 7 9 T.C. & M. . . 10 10 56/- 3 11 6 Enfield Cable Ord. 12* 12* 61/-xd 4 2 0 TelephoneMfg.(5/~) 9 9 11/6 3 18 3 English Electric.. 10 10 50/6 3 19 0 Thorn Elec. (5/-) 20 20 25/— 4 0 0 Ensign Lamps (5/-) 25 15 21/3 3 10 8 Tube Investments 20 20 95/6 + 6d. 4 3 8 Ericsson Tel. (5/-) 22* 20* 51/3 1 19 1 Vactric (5/-) .. Nil 224 16/6 6 16 3 Ever Ready (5/-) 40 40 41/- 4 17 5 Veritys (5/-) .. 7* 7* 8/- 4 13 9 Falk Stadelm ann 7* 7* 34/6 4 7 0 Walsall Conduits(4/-)55 55 49/6 + 6 d . 4 9 0 Ferranti Pref. .. 7 7 31/3 4 9 7 Ward & Goldstone G.E.O. : (5/-) . . ..20 20 30/- 3 6 8 Pref...... 6* 6* 32/9 + 3 d . 3 19 4 W estinghouseBrake 12* 14 75/- 3 14 8 Ord...... 174 17* 93/3 4-9d. 3 15 1 W est, Allen (5/-) 7* 7* 7/9 4 16 0 * Dividends are paid free of Income Tax.

Stocks and Shares {Continuedfrom page 536) changed on the week. The new shares are with a cash bonus of 2$ per cent, making about the same price as the old. The 6 per 20 per cent, for the year and so adding one cent, redeemable preference change hands more to the seven past years when a similar on the basis of 22s. 6d. dividend and bonus have been distributed. Isle of Thanet The price of the shares, after dipping to It is announced that the Isle of Thanet 92s. 6d. on the lower profit, hardened again to Electric Supply Co. will be taken over by the 95s., buyers being attracted by the fall. At Margate Corporation and the Broadstairs the end of June, 1943, the company had and St. Peters U.D.C. at the end of this year. £251,000 in cash. Patents, rights and good­ The purchase price is to be the value of the will are written down to £1. The accounts undertaking on December 31st., 1935, plus for the past year were expected to show adjustments for subsequent capital expen­ the company to be in a sound position, diture, etc. The present price of the shares is notwithstanding the decline in profits. The 19s. 6d. and there is an amount of £215,000 highest price reached in recent years was 11 Is. in 4 per cent, debenture. The purchase price in 1943; the lowest, 45s. in 1940. was determined by the original concession. Radio Shares The company paid 4 per cent, dividends annually from 1930-38 inclusive; for 1939 E.M.I. shares are an outstandingly good the dividend was 2 per cent, and nothing feature with a rise of Is. 3d. to 34s. 9d. has been paid since. Shares change hands Rumour has been busy linking the name of occasionally, the last transaction being at the company to that of another, but television 19s. 9d. in September. The local authorities continues the main prop for optimism. have the right to purchase the company’s Cossors are a trifle easier at 25s. E. K. Cole undertaking in 1945 or in any subsequent remain at 32s. and Pye deferred at,33s. 9d. ten years. The transaction of purchase and Stone Lighting & Radio have eased off to sale is subject to the approval of the Electricity 7s. 6d. Philco, at 13s., are practically un­ Commissioners. October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 539 NEW PATENTS Electrical Specifications Recently Published The numbers under which the specifications will he Landis & Gyr Soc. Anon.—“ Electromagnetic printed and abridged are given in parentheses. apparatus with tilting armatures, more especially Copies of any specification (l.s. each) may be tilting relays.” 11647/42. August 21st, 1941. obtained from the Patent Office, 25, Southampton (564351.) Buildings, London, W.C.2. Linde Air Products Co.—“ Electric welding. LPHA Accessories, Ltd. and P. G. Wardle. 8158/43. May 22nd, 1942. (564231.) —“ Electric dry batteries.” 17830. De­ Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph Co., Ltd.— cember 15th, 1942. (564264.) “ Monitor for frequency modulated waves.” A 9851/43. June 19th, 1942. (564247.) “ Cooling Arrow Electric Switches,' Ltd.—“ Contact systems suitable for electron-discharge devices.” structures for electric switches.” 10412/43. 18546/42. December 31st, 1941. (564357.) July 15th, 1942. (564334.) “ Slow make-and- Sangamo Weston, Ltd. — “ Photo-electric break electric switches.” 10413/43. July 23rd, cells.” 5777/43. July 22nd, 1942. (564222.) 1942. (564335.) Standard Telephones & .Cables, Ltd.— Automatic Telephone & Electric Co., Ltd. “ Clutch for telecommunication selector switch.” (Associated Electric Laboratories, Inc.).—“ Elec­ 9838/43. July 15th, 1942. (564246.) trical signalling systems.” 4491. March 19th, Standard Telephones & Cables, Ltd., and 1943. (564320.) M. M. Levy.— Thermionic valve circuits.” J. R. Bateman.—“ Adjustable holders or 4487. March 19th, 1943. (564319.) supports for electric lamps and like purposes.” C. R. Thatcher.—“ Insulated holders for 9728. June 17th, 1943. (564240.) welding electrodes.” 7455. May 11th, 1943. Birmingham Electric Furnaces, Ltd., and (564229.) P. F. Hancock.—“ Gas carburising process.” Udylite Corporation.—“ Electro-deposition of 11182. July 3rd, 1940. (564345.) nickel.” 8408/43. August 27th, 1942. (564232.) Birmingham Electric Furnaces, Ltd., and J. V. Wallgren and D. V. L. Lindstrom.— A. G. E. Robiette.—“ Manufacture or production “ Method of temporarily repairing electric of malleable iron.” 4499. April 4th, 1941. cables damaged by moisture and device for per­ (564252.) forming said method.” 9733. June 17th, 1943. British Insulated Cables, Ltd., H. M. Steward, (564241.) R. Blackburn, H. R. F. Carsten and J. L. Whipp & Bourne, Ltd., and I. T. L. Whipp.— Packer.—“ Extrusion of thermo-plastic mater­ “ Electric circuit-breakers and contacts there­ ials.” 4637. March 22nd, 1943. (564324.) for.” 10176. June 24th, 1943. (564308.) British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd.—“ High- E. L. C. White.—“ Thermionic valve amplifier frequency electron-discharge amplifiers.” 9808/ circuit arrangements.” 13972. September 7th, 43. June 22nd, 1942. (564243.) “ Methods of 1940. (564250.) producing blocking layer devices in dry-plate rectifiers. 9810/43. June 22nd, 1942. (564244.) “ Inorganic moulding compositions and pro­ ducts produced therefrom.” 17423/42. Decem­ TRADE MARK ber 18th, 1941. (564263.) APPLICATIONS G. R. A. Carr.—“ Filled cable-end boxes.” 17396. December 7th, 1942. (564354.) H E following applications have been received J. A. Crabtree & Co., Ltd., R. F. McLoughlin, for trade marks. Objections may be W. E. Hill, R. W. Morgan and T. D. G. Wintle. T made within a month from October 4th —“ Sockets for electric couplings.” 395 5. Liberator. No. 630,183, Class 9. Electric March 11th, 1943. (564368.) vacuum cleaners, bells, chimes, fire alarms, Duratube & Wire, Ltd., and J. Veit.—“ Manu­ measuring instruments and apparatus, soldering facture of insulated electrical conductors.” irons and electrical apparatus (not included in 9813. June"18th, 1943. (564245.) other classes) for household purposes. Also Evershed & Vignoles, Ltd., and J. C. Need­ No. 630,184, Class II. Cooking, heating and ham.—“ Mechanism for causing a controlled or refrigerating apparatus; electric lamps, fans, driven appliance to follow the movements of an torches, drying apparatus for domestic pur­ initiating device.” 6429. April 21st, 1943. poses.—Wizard Production Co., Ltd., 16, (564224.) Withy Grove, Manchester, 4. H. Fell.—“ Means for holding objects and G ents’ of Leicester (design). No. 628,354, electric switch operating mechanism.” Cognate Class 9. Electrical instruments and apparatus applications 6963/43 and 8265/44. May 3rd, not included in other classes; signalling, 1943. (564226.) . , „ indicating and alarm instruments and apparatus; E. Frank.—“ Electric tumbler switches. measuring apparatus with recording parts; 4368. March 17th, 1943. (564275.) telephones, time switches, time recording and General Electric Co., Ltd. and J. B. L. Foot.— registering apparatus. Also No. 628,355, “ Frequency-discriminating electric circuits. Class 14. Horological and chronometric 9661. June 16th, 1943. (564236.) instruments.—Gent & Co., Ltd., Faraday General Electric Co., Ltd., and L. C. Stennmg. Works, Leicester. .“ Frequency modulators.” 9660. June 16th, C a r l e c . N o. 627,959, Class 11. Heating apparatus and installations; cooking and Hammond & King, Ltd., and T. H. baking stoves and ovens.—Carlisle Electrical “ Electric heating element. 4385. March Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Bentcliffe Works, 18th, 1943. (564276.) Salters Lane, Eccles, Lancs. 5 4 0 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944 CONTRACT INFORMATION Accepted Tenders and Prospective Electrical W o t / c Contracts Open Contracts in Prospect Where “ Contracts Open ” are advertised in our Particulars of new works and building schemes for “ O fficial Notices ” section the date o f the issue the use of electrical installation contractors and is given in parentheses. traders. Publication in this section is no guarantee Australia.—New South W ales.— November that electrical work is definitely included. Alleged 2nd. Sydney County Council Electricity inaccuracies should be reported to the Editors. Undertaking. L.v. feeder voltage regulating Barrow-in-Furness.—Extensions, Risedale Hos­ transformer. Spec. 717. pital (£1,870); Nicholson & Wright, Ltd. Queensland.— November 15th. Motor- Bath.—Extension (40 beds) at Winsley Sana­ driven and turbine-driven boiler feed pumps. torium, Limpley Stoke; J. Owens, city engineer Spec. 375. City Electric Light Co., Ltd., Guildhall. Boundary Street, Brisbane. Birmingham.—Maternity home, Greenhill Manchester.—October 23rd. Electricity Dept. Road, Moseley; and extensions at West Heath Water cooling tower, mercury arc rectifier equip­ Sanatorium (£23,940); city engineer. ment, and traction switchgear. (See this issue.) Blackpool.—Offices, Stanhope Road; R Portsmouth.—October 23rd. Electricity Fielding & Sons. Department. 33-kV underground cable. (See Bolton.—Works extensions, Mule Street- H this issue.) Peers & Co., Ltd. Tynemouth. — October 20th. Electricity Works additions, Plodder Lane; Jackson’s Department. 750-kVA 5,600/440-V transformer. Stone Quarries, Ltd. (See this issue.) Burnage.—Isolation ward at Duchess of York Hospital for Babies ; Bradshaw, Gass & Orders Placed Hope, architects, 19, Silverwell Street, Bolton. Cheltenham.—Home for Children, Badgeworth Barrow-in-Furness.—Electricity Committee. Court, for Barnardo’s Homes; Madge, Lloyd & Accepted. Cables (£85).—Callender’s. 300- Gibson. kVA transformer (£301).—British Electric Trans­ Extensions, St. Paul’s and St. Mary’s Colleges • former Co. Switchboard (£178).—W. Lucy & Co. governors. Bolton.—Electricity Committee. Recom­ Additions, City Grammar School mended in connection with power station (£3,984); James Parker. extensions:—31,250-kW turbo-alternator set.— Kitchen, City Hospital (£2,124); city engineer. English Electric Co., with condensing plant Diss. Fire station, Park Road; Surveyor’s manufactured by Hick Hargreaves & Co. Office, 2a, Mount Street, Diss, Norfolk. 180,000 lb. per hour steam raising unit.—Bab­ cock & Wilcox. Essex.—Cleansing centre. Culver Street, Col­ chester (£2,998) and school canteens (£5,000)- Cardiff.—Canal Committee. Accepted. Elec­ county architect, Chelmsford. tric locomotive and battery and charging equip­ ment (£2,229).—Greenwood & Batley. Hastings.—Town hall, Havelock Road and Middle Street; Borough Surveyor's Office, 37 Chesterfield.—Electricity Committee. Accept­ Wellington Square. ed. 33-kV switchgear (£2,195).—Asea Electric. 6-6-kV switchgear (£6,432)—Reyrolle & Co. Inverness.—Houses (£22,366); burgh surveyor. Luton.—Completion of 22 houses (£15,400); Essex.—Health Committee. Accepted. Elec­ D. Nott, builder, Brackendale, Trinity Road. trical installation 'at Romford clinic (£93).— Tucker Bros., Hornchurch. Manchester.—Workshops, Ringway Airport’ E. E. Coleman, Ltd., Sale. Hereford.—Health Committee. Accepted. Pump and motor for sewage works (£500).— Scotland.—Post-war scheme for 105 new G.E.C. churches in new housing areas for Church of Scotland (£1,000,000); Clerk, Church of Scot­ Manchester.—Electricity Committee. Ac­ land Offices, Edinburgh. cepted. Replacement of voltage control equip­ ment. — Metropolitan - Vickers. Traction Smethwick.—Works additions, New Street; batteries. — Chloride Electrical Storage Co Smethwick Drop Forgings, Ltd. Relinking of stokers.—John Thompson Water Stockport.—Alterations (£4,622), at Stepping Tube Boilers. Cables.—Callender’s. Hill Emergency Hospital. Transport Committee. Accepted. Electric Canteen kitchen at Mersey Street School- W wiring at canteen, Princess Road Depot.— F. Gardner, borough engineer, Town Hall. E. M. Evans & Son. Wallasey.—Hotel, Promenade, New Brighton; G. Wilkie & Co. Salford.—Light, Heat and Power Committee. Accepted. 125-kW mercury arc rectifier (£791). Wellingborough.—New church, Penn Road —Metropolitan-Vickers. area, for Snowhill Congregational Church Com­ mittee; G. F. Chell, secretary. Southport.—Estates Committee. Accepted. Installation of emergency lighting at Cambridge Whickham (Co. Durham).—Maternity hospital Hall (£545).—Wm. Morris & Bro. A E u n .- am’u “ a war memorial (£ 10,000); A. E. Willis, chairman of governors. Swindon.—Electricity Committee. Accepted. Wiltshire.—Police station, Chippenham; Switchgear (£249)—Ferguson, Pailin. county architect, County Offices, Trowbridge. October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

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DNG m DING TURBO - ALTERNATORS

(G MB m. Alt M l m

ION COMPACTNESS WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY ZEN FOR SMALL OR LARGE STATIONS ' Top illustration shows a 37,000 kW Turbo - Generator typical of many sets installed in large power stations, whilst below is a group of smaller sets of various sizes installed from time to time in an industrial station to meet a developing load. 1,000 kW to 60,000 kW. Full details on application. _ 4 8 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w October 13, 1944 What has chalking to do with paint? The influence of rain and sun on p o o r paint causes the disintegration of the binding medium and results in “ chalking " —which means that a loose powders residue is left on the surface of the paint which will readily rub off on the finger therebv showing that it cannot afford the surface anv protection. The Robbialac Company does not want this to happen to their paints—not by a long chalk I So, by thorough scientific testing and careful choice of materials they produce a paint that will weather the elements for a very r long rime and retain intact its protective properties. To-day, at home and abroad, Robbialac Paints are on war service, withstanding all weathers. And, when peace returns there will be the right paint for your particular need, whether in industry or for decorating purposes. JLNSON & NICHOLSON, LTD. ROBBIALAC PAEVTS LONDON, E.15

Siandwaiió£, on USE DU B O B ‘Plus Quality’ RESIN CORED SOLDER. DENNIS S u a e a Manufactured with Flux continuity awured, no bare patches are existent A M * d *

LIJ. m m

Beí - 2 used by tke PriaopaJ Brtásh RADIO AMD ELECTRICA L EQUIPIERT fraís-jfacsüren N .P.L APPROVED for CATECORY D.C,3 { 2 ¡ e d o s A i r Vkakscry. A dsuraírr, _ _ _ Perfection in Design — Reliability in Service Míatscry o/ Sapcííed oe G. P. D ENN IS LIM ITED Sepply cor traca. |-lb_ 44b-, 7 aad 104b. Roéis Scesái'sa ¡a Swnchboards* Cocer©! Paréis, Too are íirrrced co sead 5©r ¿ c a s a.-<í sa-rc es of Snrrzct Rases, DéssríbeDoe Bflar f t . Fuses, esc. dais »ger á f SoWe*- wrOi f ij * «aífionBfy dsszribmted d aro ajho jc tíre w bcíe le«?grb. ST. MICHAELS STREET, CHESTER TeteSwe 3763 •* T H E DU BOIS CO. LIM ITED LOW DOM OFFICE : AS F OR D HOUSE. WILTOW RD_ S.W.I 15 B8fHUNM STREET. KIN€*S CR0S3. W Lí Fefsfrwre : Vacará 5730 Tdepcooe : Teñamos 66245 October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 4 9 FLAMEPROOF SWITCHGEAR J GROUP I. MINING SERVICE GROUP II. PETROLEUM VAPOUR d e s i g n e d TO e n s u r e INCREASED SAFETY

TYPE “ MG » » UP TO 3,300 VOLTS

FULLY MEETS DRAFT REGULATIONS D R A W O U T CIRCUIT BREAKER ISOLATOR OPERATION VISIBLE EARTHING THROUGH CIRCUIT BREAKER SEPARATE EARTHING HANDLE PRE-COMPOUNDED BUS BARS AIR SPACED BUS BAR LINKS SENSITIVE LEAKAGE INDICATION- LOCK-OUT TEST HEAVY DUTY INTERLOCKS DETACHABLE MULTI-POSITION CABLE BOXES PROVED 25MVA RUPTURING CAPACITY

SWITCHGEAR & COWANS LTD., MANCHESTER 5 0 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944 HERBERT MOTOR-DRIVEN CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS A robust, self-contained pump for either A.C. or D.C. W ill give long, trouble-free service. No. I No. 2 Height overall I6fin. 22in. Maximum immersion 4|in. 5fin. Approximate weight 401b. 561b. Gallons per minute, suds 5 13 against a head of 6ft. I Oft. Gallons per minute, oil . 2 7 against a head of 6ft. 6in. 10ft.

CATALOGUE SHEET ON REQUEST ALFRED HERBERT LTD. N o . I Pum p COVENTRY RUSTLESS UNBREAKABLE GRID RESISTANCES >

■A\ \ v d # V

The special “ drip-proof” canopies are just one of the unique features of de Renzi, Holmes’ Rustless Unbreak­ able Grid Resistances. Six basic types are available, each covering I to 400 h.p., A.C. and D.C., at ratings from two- to ten-minute. Fullest details gladly sent on request.

II. II. SYMOXDS L I d e F e n z i .H o l m e s A N D COMPANY LIMITED 3 » . VICTORIA STREET H EST 31 I \ S T E I*. S.W.I FOX’S LANE WOLVERHAMPTON ENGLAND October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w AUSTIN WAITERS & SON I™ SORDOVISO MANUFACTURERS OF STORAGE EQUIPMENT

( t w e W ^ l

t e n t â t * ^

Bins and Shelving single and double-sided

STORAGE RACKS for Small Parts

Removable Trays

Freedom from breakdowns — that's the solution which characterises the TOOL SORDOVISO Plug in Contactor — a CABINETS unique type of mercury switch of 39' x 18' X 15' "non-tilting" design, which latter is immediately accessible as shown by Lock and Key the illustration. The operation of the unit is simplicity itself. Available in five ratings of 5,10, 15,30and 50amps, with a range of voltages up to 500 A .C . Dust free — corrosion free (British and Foreign Patents) For full information write— SORDOVISO SWITCHGEAR LTD. 220 The Vales Golders Great, K . IF. 11 STEEL WORK BENCHES GLA 6611-2 8 0' x 2 6' x 2'8' Contractors to Air Ministry, Mm. of Two Lockers with Padlock and Key Aircraft Productions Min. of Supply, Admiralty, ITur Office, Depart, of Petrolcton Warfare, G .P.O ., I.C.I. AUSTIN WALTERS & SON LTD. Old Trafford, M ANCHESTER 16 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944

m ,sA d:/f ... Yes,-a really first-class short-centre, high speed d riv e , but I must have Immediate delivery I RENOLD

A Renold stock drive Is your answer;—It will step up your production too. AIN DRIVES

lllvtuotlea b, eouruif (A lln .n imitfi. *.*•• IKttylef) I if THE RENOLD AND COVENTRY CHAIN COMPANY LIMITED. MANCHESTER, ENGLAND

Iikiu ij if u i Ê * r o d u c t s INCLUDE BRASS, COB BRR & BHOSPHOR BRONZE and the under noted SBEC1AL1TIES

I u b e s Copper Tuben fur all purponen. ilrann Tubes in rarlou$ alloy* and »pacification». 'Alum inium lira»» Corulcnter T ub e* “ A l-d u r-b ra ” P a l. /Vo. 308647• Phonphor Promt- Tube», »olid-drawn. Gun Metal Tube», »olid-drawn.

.Sh eet & S tr ip Bra»g and Copper Sheet anti Strip to any »pacification arul in »uitablt: temper fo r rat/uirarnent». Phtj»pht>r Bronze Sheet» arul Strip.

(¿U H tingH Chill-cant Phonphor Bronze arul Gun M etui Barn.

R o d » Phonphor Bronze Hod» (Drawn). Gun Metul Bod» (Drawn). Zinc Battery Bod».

W ire All Wire, for the MetullhviUon proce.t of Mrlul Spraying. Zinr, Wire. Phonphor Jlrrmxe Wire.

In g o t« Phonphor (topper. Phonphor Tin.

CHARLES CLIFFORD & SON LTD WORKS AT: FAZELEY STREET MILLS, BIRMINGHAM 5 (HEAD OFFICE) & DOG POOL MILLS, BIRMINGHAM 30 M-W.44 October 13, 1944 E le c t r i c a l Review 53 BRITANNIC CABLES

AN INDEPENDENT COMPANY, MAKERS OF E H.T.

AND L.T PAPER MAINS CABLES, VARNISHED CAMBRIC

C.T.S. MINING TRAILING, “ IVERITE ” INSULATED CABLES

AND THERM OPLASTIC CABLES (P.V.C.)

BRITANNIC ELECTRIC C/ BLE & CONSTRUCTION CO. LTD. IVER, BUCKS Telephone : IVER 491 ; Telegrams : “ BRITANNlC, IVER "

■Ç FIME STEELS

DARWINS LIMITED FITZW ILLIAM WORKS SHEFFIELD 5 4 E l e c t r i c a l k e v i e w October 13, 1944

ł t c e ć ó a j e

Concrete and steel present no barrier to the forces of radio. The message gets through. Wireless propaganda from this country has been received throughout the war across guarded frontiers all over the world. This is the bloodless victory of the spoken word. And it is one of the achieve­ ments made possible by' the persistence of Marconi research and the perfection of Marconi equipm ent.

MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH COMPANY MARCONI LIMITED. THE MARCONI INTERNATIONAL MARINE COMMUNICATION COMPANY LIMITED

ELECTRA HOUSE • VICTORIA EMBANKMENT • LONDON • W,C.2.

KEEP ME POSTED....

No doubt, like ourselves, you are keeping your hezd down to an immediate war-job and have little time for anything else. Nevertheless it is essential to keep in touch with developments likely to affect post-war business; few industries will remain unaffected by the rapid progress of Aluminium alloys during the hush-hush years. It is important that you should know about it. If you would care to write to us we will let you know if and how Aluminium can play an im­ portant part in your particular post-war affairs.

We can give you FACTS

These approved and certified Conduits and Fittings are consistently reliable under the most arduous conditions of service. You can specify none better. about Aluminium H I L IM € K & III L III € li WALSALL TUBE WOHKS NORTHERN ALUMINIUM CO. LTD., BANBURY, OXON

P U C K ROAD- \VA ISA 11 • W7«.?*V» Makers of NORAL Products London Stores: 9 Howland Mews West. Howland St., W.l. Phone: Museum 6225 O c to b e r 1 3 , 1 9 4 4 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 55

VERY LECTRIC AL NGINEER E knows that Electrical and Mechanical Resistance both Generate Heat HOFFMANN BEARINGS (BALL AND ROLLER)

Being COOL RUNNING he knows that they

THE HOFFMANN Are FREE RUNNING MFG. CO. LTD. CHELMSFORD, ESSEX mmmm <-V — -i .f-A

jam W Equip your electrically driven machines with the “ right ” control gear — IGRANIC, which will give positive protection to motor and machine and keep them working to secure maximum production.

Illustration shows IGRANIC Contactor Panel for control of Travel motion of 6-ton Slab Charger for Steel M ill.

IGRANIC ELECTRIC C?LTO BEDFORD & LONDON 5 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w October 13, 1944

All are handled within our own or­ The Importance of ganisation and co-ordinated under a single engineering and operating Choosing the MÎGiUT group. And behind all is the experience Supplier of Non-Ferrous of many years and a wide reputation for quality production...for handling C a stin g s...... even the most intricate jobs well, N planning products in- and for deliveries on time. corporating castings in non-ferrous metals the If your post-war products call '/ %'%£§'/ / most momentous ques- for castings you can start now Our w tion with which you’re Technical Staff will gladly work with yr faced is your choice of your design and engineering depart­ supplier Fortunately, ments to get those ideas of yours on you'll find more_ than one who can to paper...to ensure a combination of meet every requirement But remem­ utility and eye-appeal with practical, ber your casting supplier bears the economical " castability " With that entire responsibility for the produc­ done, you are ready the moment tion of a vital part of your product., restrictions are lifted. And for im­ for solving engineering problems., mediate essential work the whole of making patterns and dies...casting the our service is at your disposal NOW job. .finishing each piece and feeding it into your production lines as your schedule demands UNIVERSAL Here at Universal, with one of ENGINEERING COMPANY the finest equipped plants in the GRAVITY DIE CASTINGS PRESSURE DIE CASTINGS Midlands, we offer a complete ser­ AND SAND CASTINGS IN NON FERROUS METALS vice ..designing, engineering, pattern CASTLE BOULEVARD-NOTTINGHAM and die-making, casting, finishing. and at CALLARD HOUSE. REGENT STREET. LONDON W 1

S T B n o f lm jv AhASTILV LIGHTING STANDARDS DEWHURST & PARTNER Ltd INVERNESS WORKS • HOUNSLOW • MDDX 5end for Catalogue ER 220 Tel Hounslow 0085 8 Groms : Dowhurst, Hounslow r» _ . _ |T D mojwGJiMi Scottish Off'Ct lb Str ihs-ooU Sc . Glasgow C l BIRMINGHAM 24 rULtJ L- Telephone . Douglas 0097 October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a i R e v ie w 57

The old phrase “ a gem of the purest water ” Rewinds of 5,000 volts d. c. is particularly applicable to Knowles electro­ lytic plant for the production of hydrogen and are carried out with sufficient oxygen. Where purity is of prime importance, as in hydrogen for processes involving catalysis, in frequency to keep us on our the hydrogenation of synthetic foodstuffs, etc., the Knowles electrolytic cell produces d ire ct and without further purification, hydrogen toes where this class of work which is 99 95% pure, with oxygen 99 8% pure. is concerned and for the same The Knowles plant is unique in its simplicity, making it possible to operate with a minimum of labour which need not be skilled. Special reason we welcome any job devices make the equipment safe under all conditions, maintenance is reduced to negligible which is a little out of the proportions, and the plant has exceptionally long life. Equipment for plants of a n y size can be ordinary run. supplied.

ELECTROLYTIC PLANT COLLINS B ü FOR HYDROGEN & OXYGEN Collins Electrical Ltd. Head Office 11S Clerkcnwell Road London E C1 Holborn 0212-3-4 I 22 St. Albans Place Upper St. Islington N i k .Canonbury 3227-8 IflL 9 A 11 Feather atone Rd. Southall THE INTERNATIONAL Southall 0168 ELECTROLYTIC PLANT CO. LTD.

SANDYCROrT - CHESTER CEL-5 sawell advertising 58 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w O ctober 13, 1 9 4 4

/ E L D T H I / R f

for the Radio oEhctm __

PAPER INSULATED CABLES of all types for POW ER . TRACTION • LIGHTING. MINES SIGNALLING.VERTICAL INSTALLATIONS.

JE L C O V I^ pv.C. CABLES

FOR HOUSE WIRING & GENERAL DISTRIBUTION All types — domestic and service — are available to standard specifications. Materials conform to G.D.E.S 18.

RADIO-FREQUENCY CABLES

WITH TELCOTHENE insulation * R E C D . ^ This new thermoplastic developed by TELCON is supreme for communication cable insulation. A com­ plete range is now available for use in the Audio, Radio and Ultra High Frequency fields. TELCOTHENE insulated instrument wiring and sleeving in all sizes also available. For further details apply for our R.F. booklet. TELCON METALS the original pioneers MAGNETIC E l e c t r i c a l in the developm ent of ALLOYS R e s i s t a n c e A l l o y s THERMOPLASTIC Mumetal Rhometal Pyromic Calomic INSULATED CABLES Radiometal 2129 Alloy T elcu m an still teed today

For full particulars of these and other Telcon Products apply to : THE TELEGRAPH CONSTRUCTION & MAINTENANCE CO. LTD. Head Office : 22 OLD BROAD STREET. LONDON, E.C.2. Tel. : LONdon Wall 3141 October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 59

M E K E L IT E Industrial Lighting Units are available with various lengths of arms and pillar. Bases for wall, bench or machine mounting; for conduit or side entry with clamp for supply cable. Also heavy bases for portable use. Small reflectors for 12-volt lamps can be supplied.

Catalogue sent free on request•

MEK-ELEK Engineering Ltd., 17 Western Road, Mitcham, Surrey Phone : MIT-cham 3072 Cables: Mekelek, London

Also SWITCHBOARDS and GENERAL POWER EQUIPMENT . . MANUFACTURED and SUPPLIED

Special units designed and built for any application THE NELSON ENGINEERING CO. LTD. NETHERFIELD WORKS, NELSON, LANCS. PHONE 1545-6 60 Fx e c t r i c a l R e v ie w O c to b e r 1 3 , 1 9 4 4

A c c u r a c y with Reliability

These moving coil instruments are manufactured from the finest raw materials and assembled with great care to ensure many years of trouble-free and accurate measurement. All these instruments are supplied in black moulded insulated cases, and m irror scales and illuminated dials are available if required with models 400 and 500. Rectifier or Thermocouple type instruments can also be supplied in all the usual ranges. We also mzruf acture the following instruments :— M O DEL 200. 2' instrument with either round or square covers. M O D E L 250. 21' instrument for flush or protecting mounting.

Send your enquiries to your usual factor or direct to— TAYLOR ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS LTD. •419-424, Montrose Avenue, Slough, Bucks. Tel. : Slough2 1 SSI (4^/nes). Grams : “ Tzyiins, Slough "

¿¡wxwwwwwwm iiiiii 11111 fiiiffff///////////////A f| PLUGS AND SOCKETS

N433 A . 5-amp, 250-volt, 3-pole couplings K T wo-w ay ^ Angle Plug. !

N643 A . N&5I A .—C u t Term inal I rota T h ro w r1-! Socket and Sodoat acrvwad Cover «crewed i' eond.lt. y conduit.

SIMMONDS tr STOKES LTD. Victoria House.Southampton Row. London. W.CJ. Holbom 86 37& 2163

f )ATA.

Electrical Review , O ctober 13,

¡HE- «*"*■ ¡Op»n/:«s Tongue] tsn g sh j n i » « ■" i ~T ! ' ~ r*r—- 1N0IN

I ° '''W ’ faun4 ^ I

Qrl

ly-C* i Desiÿned 0 - ~ c s ^ Serial No> ^ s A I 8 *c- Spec. No.

80,000 amps, for ARC FURNACE

Another example of B . E . T . ’ s technical resources. A 30,360 k V A 3- p h a s e , 50 c y c l e , 33,000/220 volts O.F.W . cooled Furnace Transform er bank capable of an output of 80,000 am pères (one-phase shown). Three 3-phase banks have been supplied to one user.

British Eleetrie Transformer Company Limited association with CROM PTON PARKINSON LIMITED EC T R A HO USE, LO N D O N , W .C .2 and Branches 62 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944

9 ÄÄV

E lE C T P / C ¿ 4 MP ¿OCXS No unauthorised person can remove electric light bulbs when once th e / are fitted with Lox-AII Locks, which prevent theft and reduce breakages . . . they can be used with all bayonet- type lamp holders and the first cost is the last cost. Lox-AII Locks are extensively used •^,eFriciENev\ by Government Departments, Municipalities, Public Utility Com­ panies and Industry generally. * '/ m * Enquiries to Dept. E.R.

169 PICCADILLY TWYNING ROAD, STIRCHLEY, BIRMIr LTD. Tel.: King’s Norton 2281 (2 lines). Grams : Radlagllls, B’ham LONDON W.l .X tG m “l90Q

, Natural In all Grades and • M I I A Qualities, Stove Micas, Plates, A>r,A I I I I I I U Washers, Commutator Seg- V ^ MICA I I I I ■ ■ ments. Condenser Films, etc. Moulding, Commutator, Flex­ ible, Heat-resisting Qualities, Commutator Rings, Spools, MICANITE Tubes, etc. Mouldings of any shape or form, Tubes, Plates, Washers, BAKELITESheets In all thicknesses, 8EFD TO THE MANUFACTURERS The BIRMINGHAM MICA Go. Ltd. South Road, Hockley, Birmingham Telegrams : “ Insulation, Phone, Birmingham.” Phone : Northern 0118.

REPTON ENGINEERS COM PANY à

On AIR M IN ISTRY List TEN N A N T STREET Made by The London Platinum Screw Mfg. Co., Ltd. BIRMINGHAM, 15. SOLE SALES AGENTS ELCORDIA LIMITED 2 Caxton St., Westminster, London, S.W.l TELEPHONS. MID. 1792/3 I Telephone: ABBEY 4266 TELECRAMS TON STILE October 13, 19+4 Eixcn RiCAL R e v ie w 6 3

E c o n o m i c a l

AND EFFICIENT

DOOR-TO-DOOR

DELIVERY

Plymouth Co-operative Sooerv find it pays to use these electric hand trucks for door-to-door deliveries in a hilly city. They have a fleet of over 80, ail driven by Britannia Batteries. Hundreds of electric r Prams,’propelled by Britannia Batteries, are delivering LEAD ACID milk, bread and other goods, quickly VEHICLE BATTER I E S and very economically in level and

hilly districts alike, all over the country. saiTANXiA asnsazs s s d e h ic e , w c&cs.

-S.T. 17 44

DONOVAN D.C. face Plate Starters for all kinds of Electrical Motor Drives E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944

INSULATION is the vital factor on which depends the effici­ *PIIIAN U £ PRESSURE ency of all electricity supply. Rely upon the knowledge and Die Castings experience of spec­ ialisation. BASIC METALS ALUMINIUM, ZINC, TIN AND LEAD

Write for Treatise on Die Castings SPARKLETS LIMITED From all Electrical Wholesalers and Factor« Dept. 3 6 , LONDO N, N.1» Manufactured by: FOUNDED 1896 ROTUNDA LIMITED

USED BY ADMIRALTY, M .ofS., G.P.O., H.M. DOCKYARDS & LEADING ELECTRICAL FIRMS

FAN DISC LOCK WASHER VIBRATION PROOF

Overlapping teeth cannot be flattened. Teeth grip and cannot shake loose. In steel or phosphor bronze. Sizes from 10 B.A. For all types of bolts and screws. SEND FOR SAMPLES.

NORTH WOOD ST., ST. PAUL'S, BIRMINGHAM 3 O i : o b e r 1 3 , 1 9 4 4 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 6 5

IT'S A PHILIPS A VERY GOOD LAMP INDEED

PHILIPS LAMPS LIMITED, CENTURY HOUSE, SHAFTESEURT AVENUE, LONDON, W.C.2 (92; 6 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13. 1944

TWXOMATIC " THE NEW CHARCINC SYSTEM BY Railway Engineers and all users of Traction Batteries have, for many years, sought a battery charging sys­ tem that is autom atic in operation. The Davenset Ffuxomatic System has provided the answer. Without manual control, a constant pre-determined current is maintained against a rising battery voltage. The charging rate, having been pre­ set, is unaffected b y normal mains fluctuations, and the regulation of the charge current is entirely automatic, irrespective of the battery voitage. The advantages of these features, coupled with a reduction in the re­ charging time, w-ii be apparent to aii battery users, and we shaii be giad to send full particulars and b a grams on

E. PARTRIDGE WILSON & CO. LTD. MANUFACTURING ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS DAVENSET ELECTRICAL WORKS. LEICESTER. S T O R A G E BATTERIES FOR ALL PURPOSES

S _ O A S E the D.P. BATTERY Co. Lie. 6255 - 6 ______SO GROSVENOR GARDENS, LONDON, S.W.I L i <3

n

M ARPAST'U N VCt£ 7TS> •C « » * ' * T E r r i s — ■* Ti err s rre Reman *æire irr r r e 2rees*srr rr s a r *ssne rr orcr-x1 iœ rr r c » 'c r • ssm er ~re

F-îtm:*» — tcc c-ure sure cwrss^es— jjttess c re rrar •*« suroaosd •* - ast rre =nrcr«it sk sot m"zrr rre r Tre rr **a* »-rerr. m eer TO~rr£ c-riTTsrxross. sr-sec ~ r s;rrs irrc srror -ec - ~.rrc ng its Tnicrr rr rre -rr .re—*mr ••ncr eo c rr*o'«e >> erm sr

—3*« *Oi pæStTUSC *'TvLT -ectra rr rre to—rrn ? •’* * rx«e ire ire -ear» r r - « r « o x 5 LTD- v e M ^ e S « ",X : - a 68 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944

“ Stand Easy” black-out . . .

BLACK-OUT . CHART • FOR OCTOBER ^MOON % PHASES fg

O ' FULLMOON MON 2 N 0 c LAST QTR MON 9TH

NEWMOON TUES 17TH

D FIRST QTR. TUES.24TH

FULLMOONo ru ES. 31 ST ;

if Tima thovm art those Reproduced from the Nautical Almanac by per for the London area. mission of the Controller of H.M. Stationery Offic

Although black-out restrictions have been know the black-out times. Nevertheless eased, it is still necessary at the time of we hope by the time this announcement going to press partially to black-out is published that the black-out will every day and carry out full black-out have been completely abolished then we during alerts. Therefore you need to can all Light up and Smile with .

T H E WONDERFUL LAMP Advl. of The General Electric Co. Ltd., Magnet House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2. Oc lober 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 6 9 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS ADVERTISEMENTS for insertion in the following REPLIES TO advertisements published under a Friday’s issue are accepted up to First post on Box Number if not to be delivered to any particular M onday, at Dorset House, Stamford Street, London, firm or individual should be accompanied by instruc­ S.E .l. tions to this effect, addressed to the Manager of the THE CHARGE for advertisements in this section ELECTRICAL REVIEW. Letters of applicants in is 2/- per line (approx. 8 words) per insertion, such cases cannot be returned to them. The name minimum 2 lines 4/-, or for display advertisements of an advertiser using a Box Number will not be 30/- per inch, with a minimum of one inch. Where disclosed. All replies to Box Numbers should be the advertisement includes a Box Number there is addressed to the Box Number in the advertisement, ;in additional charge of 6d. for postage of replies. c/o ELECTRICAL REVIEW, Dorset House, Stam­ SITUATIONS WANTED. — Three insertions ford Street, London, S.E.l. Cheques and Postal under this heading can be obtained for the price of Orders should be made payable to ELECTRICAL two if ordered and prepaid with the first insertion. REVIEW LTD. and crossed. Original testimonials should not be sent with applications for employment.

OFFICIAL NOTICES SITUATIONS VACANT TENDERS, ETC. None oj the vacancies for women advertised in these columns relates to a woman between 18 and 41 unless such woman (a) has living with her a child of hers under the CITY OF MANCHESTER age of 14, or (b) is registered under the Blind Persons Acts, or (c) has a Ministry of Labour permit to allow her to Electricity Department obtain employment by individual effort. rpENDERS are invited for the supply, delivery and I- erection of the following : — BOROUGH OF WILLESDEN (a) WATER COOLING TOWER. (Specification No. 805.) Appointment of Borough Electrical Engineer and (b) MERCURY ARC R E C T IFIE R EQUIPM ENT. Manager (Specification No. 806.) (c) 660-VOLT D.C. TRACTION SWITCHGEAR. (Specification No. 807.) , PPLICATIONS are invited for the above appointment Specification, etc.. from Mr. R. A. S. Thwaites. Chief A from qualified Engineers not exceeding 45 years of Engineer and Manager. Electricity Department. Town Hall. age who are experienced in the management and adminis­ Manchester, 2, on paym ent of a fee of one guinea for each tration of an electricity undertaking. specification, which am ount will be refunded on receipt of The salary will be in accordance with the Agreement a bona fide tender. , . made by the National Joint Committee of Local Authori­ Tenders to be delivered by 10 o clock a.m. on Monday, ties and Chief Electrical Engineers dated 9th July, 1941. The present salary according to the scale is £1,861 per the 23rd October. 1944. E. H. ADCOCK. annum. Town Hall, Town Clerk. In accordance with the provisions of Clause 10 of the Manchester. 2. Agreement, 85% of the salary will be paid for the 1st 4th October. 1944.______'b l year, 92è% for the 2nd year, and the full scale salary at the commencement of the 3rd year. The appointment will be terminable by 3 months’ COUNTY BOROUGH OF TYNEMOUTH notice by either party and is subject to the provisions of the Local Government Superannuation Act. 1937. The Electricity Department person appointed will be required to pass a medical examination.* rjTENDERS are invited for the Supply and Delivery Particulars of the conditions of the appointment may be obtained from the undersigned, and applications stating 1—75oTkVA. TH REE-PH A SE TRANSFORM ER. age, qualifications, previous experience and present office 5.600/440 v. , and salary, accompanied by copies of three recent testi­ Specification, together with Form of Tender, may be monials and endorsed “ Borough Electrical Engineer and obtained from Mr. Jas. B. Glen, A.M.I.E.E.. Electrical Manager,” must be delivered to me not later than the first Engineer. Electricity Works, Tynemouth, Northumber- post on the 23rd day of October, 1944. Canvassing, either directly or indirectly, will be a Tenders in envelopes specially provided, sealed and disqualification. w ^ p Ip J E endorsed "T e n d er for Transform er," m ust reach the undersigned not later than 12 noon on Friday, the 20tn Town Hall, Town Clerk. October, 1944. , . . . Dyne Road. Kilburn, N.W.6. The Corporation do not bind themselves to accept the October. 1944. 722 lowest or any Tender. Dated this 2nd day of October, 1944. BOROUGH OF DARWEN FRED G. EGNER, 14. Northumberland Square, Town Clerk. Appointment of Electrical Engineer North Shields. 781 A PPLICATIONS are invited for the appointment of CITY OF PORTSMOUTH -¿Jc Electrical Engineer. Candidates must be Corporate Members of the Institution of Electrical Engineers and Electricity Undertaking have had practical experience in the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity. , . ___ Salary. £650 rising to £700 per annum at the end of one PENDERS are invited for the supply, delivery and year, plus Whitley Council bonus (at present £49 10s. 9d.). L laving of " ___ The appointment will be terminable by three months 5-kV UNDERGROUND CABLE IN THE AREA OF notice by either party and is subject to the provisions of THE UNDERTAKING. the Local Government Superannuation Act. 1937. The Specification. Conditions and Forms of Tender may be person appointed will be required to pass a medical btained from the Engineer and Manager. Electricity 'ndertaking. Ill, High Street, Portsmouth «nd mœt eXApphcattons to the undersigned, endorsed "Electrical e returned to the undersigned in a plain sealed Eneineer,” to be delivered not later than 10 a.m. on larked “ Tender for Cable,” without bearing any name Monday, the 23rd October, 1944, and should state age. r mark indicating the sender, on or before the 23ra qualifications, training and experience, and be accompanied 'ctober, 1944. FR ED ER IC K SPAR K S . by not more than three recent testimonials. Town Clerk. C. C. BYERS, [unicipalUUlL-iptH DlUWiOffices, Town Clerk’s Office, Town Clerk. Royal Beach Hotel. Darwen. Portsmouth. 780 30th September; 1944. 742 I October, 1944, 70 (Supplement) E l f c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944

ASHFORD (KENT) URBAN DISTRICT COUNCIL THE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL

Appointment of Chief Electrical Engineer rpH E Council of the University of Liverpool invites and Manager applications for the David Jardine Chair of Electrical Engineering (with special reference to Electronics and the relations between Electrical Engineering and Physics). A PPLICATIONS are invited for the above appointment Salary not less than £1,500 per annum. The University from engineers not exceeding 45 years of age. who is prepared to grant leave of absence on the ground of are experienced in the management and administration of work of national importance to a professor who is unable an Electricity Undertaking. to take up his duties upon appointment. The last date The salary will be in accordance with the agreement for the receipt of applications is December 29th, 1944. made by the National Joint Committee of Local Authori­ Candidates who are overseas may apply by cablegram, ties and Chief Electrical Engineers, dated 9th July. 1941. giving the name of three referees. Further particulars can The present salary according to the scale is £995 per be obtained from the undersigned. annum, subject to the provisions of Clause 10 of the agree­ ment, under which 85% of the salary will be paid for the STANLEY DUMBELL, Registrar. first year, 92£% for the second year, and full salary from September, 1944. 757 the commencement of the third year. The appointment is subject to the provisions of the Local X^LECTRICAL Engineer with practical experience in the Government Superannuation Act. 1937, and the person manufacture of electrical accessories required in a appointed will be required to pass a medical examination. permanent, part-time advisory capacity by small, pro­ Applications, with copies of two recent testimonials and gressive manufacturer. Our staff are aware of this adver­ particulars of age, education and experience, to be returned tisement, and strictest confidence in every way will be to the undersigned not later than Monday, 30th October. observed. Write fully to—Box 654, c/o The Electrical 1944. Review. Canvassing, either directly or indirectly, will disqualify. T EADING firm of electrical manufacturers has a number J. SUDLOW. of vacancies for post-war Sales Representatives. The Cedars, Clerk to the Council. Sound technical education with works and drawing office Church Road, training essential. Experience in the installation and Ashford. K ent. 778 maintenance of distribution equipment an advantage. Applications will be considered now. Reply, giving parti­ culars of age, education, training and experience, to—Box COUNTY BOROUGH OF HUDDERSFIELD 15, c /o The Electrical Review. 1%/TEN or Women Packers, by electrical and radio whole- Electricity Department salers. Applications in writing, stating age, experieftce and salary required, to—Box 752, c/o The Electrical Review. T3ROGRESSIVE transformer manufacturing company Appointment of Deputy Borough Electrical Engineer requires full-time Representatives for the Midland and Southern Counties. Applicants, age 35 to 45, should have A PPLICATIONS are invited for the position of Deputy experience of meeting responsible engineers and be capable Borough Electrical Engineer at a salary of £750 per of discussing technical matters. Corporate membership of annum, plus war bonus, at present £33 16s. per annum. the I.E.E. is desirable. Apply in confidence, giving full The appointment will be subject to the Local Govern­ particulars, including suggested terms of remuneration, to ment Superannuation Act. 1937, and the successful appli­ —Box 709, c/o The Electrical Review. cant will be required to pass a medical examination. OALES Engineer Assistant required for Glasgow branch Knowledge of the operation of a large Power Station, k-5 of large manufacturing firm making heavy electrical together with experience of D.C. Traction Supplies with equipment. State age, salary, experience.—Box 719, c/o Rectifier Substations and Mains Distribution Systems, will The Electrical Review. be required. The successful candidate will also be expected QALES Engineer for leading manufacturers of lighting to generally assist the Borough Electrical Engineer in his k-> equipment, London district. State age. experience, administrative work. salary expected.—Box 6335. c/o The Electrical Review. Applications, endorsed “ Deputy Borough Electrical CALES Representative required for illuminating engineer- Engineer,” stating age and giving full particulars of tech­ k-5 ing department of lamp manufacturers. Experience in nical and practical training and experience, together with planning industrial lighting essential. Write, with details copies of not more than three recent testimonials, must be of age, experience and salary required, to—Box C.D.6, c/o delivered to the undersigned not later than 8th November. 5. New Bridge Street, London, E.C.4. 753 1944. Canvassing, either directly or indirectly, is prohibited O AXES Representatives required. Remunerative position and will be a disqualification. k-> with excellent post-war prospects for keen, energetic SAMUEL PROCTER. men not liable for national service. Connections among Town Hall, Town Clerk. electrical and hardware trade and large wholesalers an Huddersfield. 761 advantage. Salary, commission and expenses. Write in confidence, with details of past record, to—Box D.H.7, THE COUNTY OF LONDON ELECTRIC SUPPLY Thorn Electrical Industries Ltd.. 105-9, Judd Street. London. W.C.l. 711 COMPANY LIM ITED QOUTHERN Electrical Contractors require in the near k-* future an Engineer Manager to take charge of their Barking Power Station Tyneside branch engaged on installation work on H.M. ships, collieries, and general shore work. Applicants pre­ A PPLICATIONS are invited for the position of Assistant ferred with a personal connection amongst shipyards, etc. Combustion Engineer for shift duties at the Barking Salary £600, plus expenses and commission. Applications Power Station of the County of London Electric Supply treated with strictest confidence.—Box 6352, c/o The Company Ltd. Applicants must have had a good technical Electrical Review. training and should have served an apprenticeship in QTOREKEEPER wanted by a City firm of electrical mechanical engineering. Previous experience in the opera­ k-J contractors. Suitable opportunity for ex-service man. tion of power station boiler plant is essential. The position Write, stating age, experience and salary required, to— is graded under the E.P.E.A. Schedule as Grade 9. Class M. Box 6282, c/o The Electrical Review. and the present salary under the above is £482 per annum. Applications in writing, giving full particulars of educa­ QUB'-Editor Reporter for ” Electrical Trading.” Must tion, training and experience, to be addressed to: The k-J have technical knowledge, preferably from practical Generating Engineer, Barking Power Station. Creeksmouth. experience in the industry. Apply, by letter only, to— Barking, Essex. 768 Editor, “ Electrical Trading.” 92, Long Acre, W.C.2. 777 SWITCHBOARD Attendant required for steel works ^ power station in North-East area. Must be experienced /CHARGE Engineer required for Power Station in India. in operation of E.H.T. switchgear, synchronising and con­ ^ Experience with large water tube boilers and steam trol of turbo-alternators. Salary £314 12s. per annum. turbines essential. Salary, Rs. 800 per month, with free Apply—Manager, Employment Exchange. South Bank. quarters and passage. Apply—Box 721. c/o The Elec­ Yorks. 779 trical Review. FpRAVELLERS, Commission Agents are required through- LECTRICAL Contractor in London requires Manager, -1- out the U.K. by wholesale house to market industrial E must have thorough knowledge of trade, able to and other electrical articles, also large range of electrical control labour and estimate, good all-round organiser. Own fancy goods. Connections essential with industrial organisa­ car an advantage. Write—Box 767, c/o The Electrical tions, large turnover. Good commission basis only. Write Review. to—Box T, c/o Pethicks. 30. Bouverie St.. E.C.4. 692 October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 71 rpRADE Counter Salesmen required by electrical whole- -*- salers. Previous experience of electrical installation supplies material essential. Applications in writing, stating age. previous experience and salary required, to—Box 751 - ^ f g ra_ f o Dxen6e3D5Co! c/o The Electrical Review. YXTORKS Maintenance Engineer required by leading firm TNSTALLATION Engineer (26) desires post with power »»of cable manufacturers to fill vacancy caused by company or large-scale contractor. Stud. I.E.E., senior approaching retirement of present holder; first-class quali­ national in electrical engineering, installation. DO and fications and industrial experience will be called for in estimating experience. At present in charge marine con- electric cable-making or similar field; ability to design Revtew" * men)-~Box 6331. c/o The Electrical new plant for a developing industry essential ; responsi­ QVERSEAS.Appointment. Highly qualified Mechanical bility direct to works director: age 40-45. Reply in con­ ^ and Electrical Engineer, age 49, requires post as fidence. stating experience and salary required, to—Box SEE^S -c^^rge 9* construction and/or maintenance of 776. c/o The Electrical Review. large electrical and mechanical installation. 28 vears’ ?.5Jn.en«nCe on .instruction, operation and maintenance of appointments f i l l e d large power plants, hydro electric, steam and Diesel. 13 years as chief construction and maintenance engineer with Dissatisfaction having been so often expressed that un­ one of the largest power companies operating in Asia. successful applicants are left in ignorance of the fact th a t Recently completed the installation of a large turbo the position applied for has been filled, may we suggest generating station in the West Indies under war-time that Advertisers notify us to that effect when they have conditions. Knowledge of Eastern languages. At present arrived at a decision? We will then insert a notice free engaged in an executive position in one of the Ministries. of charge under this heading. but can be released.—Box 6291, c/o The Electrical Review. OTRETF0RD and District Electricity Board—Deputy T>ROGRESSIVE Elec. Engineer and Designing Draughts- -1- man are interested in Domestic Appliances, etc. Free > J Chief Engineer. to accept outside development work. Any other sugges­ tions welcomed.—Box 6311, c/o The Electrical Review. SITUATIONS WANTED riTECHNICAL Engineer, 20 years’ electrical experience in Technical Engineer, age 39, general distribution ex­ -*■ power and heating equipment, desires change, Scottish A perience. including consumers’ installations, know­ area.—Box 6330, c/o The Electrical Review. ledge of generation, specialised experience measurements, OUNG Engineer (25) desires progressive position of testing and protective gear, A.M.I.E.E., seeks post offer­ Y responsibility, preferably technical sales, London area. ing scope for experience, moderate salary. Box 6295, c/o Experience : Electrical instruments, machines, teaching. The Electrical Review. = Grad. I.E.E., examinations passed.—Box 6347, c/o The A DVERTISER (exempt) seeks position as Sales Kepre- Electrical Review. xX sentative where energy and initiative could be em­ ployed to advantage.—Box 6290. c /o The Electrical Review. FO R S A L E .Sc. (24). 73 years' experience well-known electrical B firm, including apprenticeship, plus 2-year special Traders buying and selling hereunder must observe the course in modem administration, desires change.—Box Restriction of Resale Order, S. R. & O. 1942 No. 958. 6348, c / o The Electrical Review. HARGE-Hand desires change, view to promotion, under C 40, 16 years’ experience mass production radio equip­ GEORGE COHEN, SONS & CO. LTD. ment.—Box 6339. c /o The Electrical Review. 'C'LECTL., Mechl. Engineer-Foreman. 28 yrs.’ exp. con- for J-4 straction, maintenance installations, steam and diesel plants, factory, ships, hospitals, home and abroad. Box GUARANTEEDELECTRICAL 6334, c /o The Electrical Review. T7'LECTRICAL Eng. desires position of responsibility, 20 PLANT. -Ex years’ experience in power general distribution, fac­ tory installation erection and maintenance of plant. Own car used for journey work. Available now.—Box 6346. MOTORS,GENERATORS. c /o The Electrical Review. TriLECTRICAL Engineer, 24 yearn experience in power SWITCHGEAR. i j company supplies, general distribution, factory instal­ lations, erection and maintenance of plant, requires per­ etc. manent post, just released from Government appomtment. —Box 6280. c / o The Electrical Review. WOOD LANE, LONDON. W.12. LECTRICAL Engineer (26), Grad. I.E.E.. experienced E in redesign, testing and maintenance of electrical Telephone: Shepherds Bush 2070 machineri/Tseeks position in London area.-Box 6332, c/o and The Electrical Review. ST ANNINGLEY, NEAR LEEDS. XT'LECTRICAL Engineer (4o) seeks responsible post, 30 years’ experience installation and maintenance, used Telephone: Pndsey 2241. to organising, planning, supervision.^ Government specs. Established 1834. Manchester area preferred.—Box 6345, c/o The Electrical 27 Review. LECTRICAL Supervising Foreman (39) requires pro­ MODI NSTAL ELECTRIC COMPANY LIMITED E gressive position contractors. 25 years’ expenence INDUSTRIAL INFRA-RED APPARATUS FOPv control of contracts, labour, office, planning, estimating. PAINT DRYING. Box 6353, c/o The Electrical Review. COMPLETE EQUIPMENTS OR SINGLE UNITS ttit FT’TBTCIA's 22 yrs. exp. instn. and maint., seexs PROVIDED. E ^ ^ S y p ^ t -Box 634!. c/oThe Electrical Review. GUARANTEED HEAT GENERATORS. TT'NGINEER. age 23, B.Sc. 1st Hon., with general engi- WORKS, OLDHAM TERRACE, K i neering and design experience, seeks position, prefer- ACTON, W.3, LONDON. Telephone: Acorn 3504/5. M.E.C. APPARATUS, DULL EMITTER SYSTEM. 59 IT'NGISEEB. 27. seeks change. Full -H T and "qualifications, eight years* woras ana uuice B R A S S N U TS experience of lig h t..jmrjent and^utomat^^equ.pme^t. 0, 2, 4. 6, 8 and 10 BA, Full and Lock, and 5/16" Whit. Requires posit mercial or administrative adr staff.—Box 6ZJ/. c/o xne juux. S T E E L N U TS 0. 2, 4 and 6 BA. Full and Lock; 10 BA, Full, T/’NGINEEE (35) desires appointment to permanent pro- and 5/16" Whit, and B.S.F. -t-J eressive position, post-war or immediate. Electrical, STEEL AND BRASS STUDDING AND SCREWS. mechanical and administrative training, good general educa- E fluent French. A.M.I.E.E. examination. Expenenc«! APEX SALES, in supply distribution, plant manufacture and technical 6, Leaside Road, London, E.5. ^ S ta tio n MinirnU salary £500 p.a Would cons.der STA. 7131. 6336 investment. —Box 6343, c/o The Electrical Eeview. 72 (.Supplement) Electrical Review October 13, 1744

CITY OF MANCHESTER ENGINE AND BATTERY

Electricity Department ARK 5VHU Engine coupled to 82.0 kW. 1,000-r.p.m , M 220-volt* direct lighting set. with electric starting, tank», pipes, etc.. Including switchboard. «pENDERS are invited for dismantling and removal from Mark IVSO Engine coupled to 2.8 kW, 1,000-r.p.m *- site of the following Plant: battery charging generator, 220/820 volts, with lank, pipes, O/:., Including switchboard and batteries. 4 TURBOGENERATORS, 0,000-25,000-kW capacity. 0 WATER TUBE BOILERS fBABLOCK & WILCOX Battery LTD.), 80.000 lbs. per hour each; 210 p.s.l. Tudor, No. 12587, 120 cell*, type 1.00/0, 1,0 amp*, for HYDRAULIC PLANT, COOLING TOWKI! PANS 10 hour* 100 arnp*. per hour, max. charge 28 amp«, AND MOTORS. max. discharge 28.8 amp»., normal charge 14 amp*., nor AUXILIARY PLANT. PIPEWORK, ETC. rnal discharge JO arnp». (Speditcation No. 80S.) The above ean he neen by appointment on application to Specification, etc., from Mr. E. A. H. 'I'llwail/*, Uluef Engineer and Manager, Electricity Departm ent, 'I'owri Dali, THE MANAGER, Manchester, 2. Tenders to be delivered by 10 o’clock a.m. NAAFI W AREH0U8E, Regd. No. 07830., on Monday, 23rd October, 1944. London Road, Amesbury, Wilt*. R. II. ADCOCK, 760 Town Hall, Town Clerk. Manchester, 2. 4th October, 1944. "CANNING” PLATING MOTOR GENERATOR SETS FOR DISPOSAL REBUILT MOTORS AND GENERATORS Three 1,000 arnp., 7 volto ONG deliveries, can often be avoided by purchasing Two — 300 arnp., 0 voll* L rebuilt secondhand plant. We can redesign or replace surplus plant of any size. Two — 200 amp., 0/8 volt* All with 400-volt, 8 pha*e, 60-cycle*. ball bearing, SEND US YOUR ENQUIRIES. squlrrel-caffe driving motor* arid nwltobgear. OVER 1,000 RATINGS ACTUALLY IN STOCK HERB. Box, 770, c/o The Electrical Review.

DYNAMO & MOTOR REPAIR8 LTD., Wembley Park, Middlesex. ELECTRIC MOTORS AND DYNAMOS Telephone: Wembley 8121 (4 line«). V V K **°k* one of the largest stock* of New and Second- Also at Phcenlx Werke, Belgrave Terrace, Soho Road, ’ ’ hand Motor*. Secondhand machine* are thoroughly overhauled. Inspection and text* can be made at our Handeworfh, Birmingham. Work*. Telephone: Northern 0898 2« For Sale or Hire. Send your enquiries to;— BRITANNIA MANUFACTURING CO. LTD., WATER TUBE BOILERS IN 8T0CK 22-28, BRITANNIA STREET, CITY ROAD, LONDON. N.I. Telephone: 5612-8 Clcrkcnwell, 13 Two 12,000 lb«, evaporation, 200 lb». W.P. One 12,000 „ „ 100 ,. „ A large stock of »urplu* Fibre, Carbon Rod*, Ebonite, f r ■i;,1'1-’- Tumbtickle», etc.. also Searchlight* fnale or We install complete. Including brickwork. Econominer», hire), Mirror«, Lerjw*; al*o Wlriche* of our well-known self Pump«, Piping Valve*, Generating Set« arid Motors. In sustaining typi*. Hundred* of thousand* supplle/1 during stock. Please «end us your enquiries; we can give the last 40 year* to Govt, dept«., corporation* and trader* Immediate delivery. —London Electric Firm, Croydon, 55 A .C. and D.C. House Service Meters, all *)//-*, quarterly arid prepayment. reconditioned, guaranteed one year. BURF0R0, TAYLOR & CO. LTD., Repair* and recall hr at Ion*. T he Vlcta Electrical Co., 47, Boiler Specialist*, Middlesbrough. Battersea High Street, S.W .ll, Tel. Batter*.;» 0780. 19 A .C. and D.C, Motors, all size*, large *f//:k*. fully Telephone, Middlesbrough 2022. guaranteed. Milo Engineering Work*. Milo Road, 32 E ast Dulwich, S.E.22 fForest Hill 4422;. «116 A .C. and D.C. Welding Sets, 200 arnp*., petrol driven, ARC WELDING MACHINES FROM 8T0CK direct coupled, from stock. .1. Gerber h, Co, Ltd,, Wembley, Middx. 7«« A C. Diesel Set, 18J kVA, 400/8/50, direct coupl. told TATE offer our latent type No. 2 Max Arc Welder for -*a «tart 2-cyl. Lister engine on bed, like new. J. Gerber Immediately delivery, 15/250 ampere*. Operate* off Sr Co. Ltd., Wembley, Middx. 70S any A.C. supply voltage. Send lor detail*. A .C. Motor», l/5 0 tb h.p. to 8 h .p „ from *t/x:k, be -fa essential work only. -The Johnson Engineering Co., MAX ARC WELDERS LTD., 5. Spencer Street, Leamington Spa. 67 190, THORNTON ROAD, CROYDON. A E R IA L Cable*, all *lze* quoted lo r, g

AKBONS, large stocks assorted sires, solid and cored.— QTAFF Time Checking and Job Costing Time Recorders C Edwardes Bros., 20, Blackiriars Boad. London, S.E.I. (all makes j for quick cash sale. Exceptional con­ 6356 dition. Write—Box 528, Smiths, 100. Fleet Street, TT'LECTRIC Conveyor Furnace, suitable for vitreous London. E.C.4. 31 L j enamelling, annealing or stoving, length 75 ft., bring ^W ITCH and Fuse Units, Conduits and fittings, works space 8" high. 0" wide. Three automatically controlled 0 requirements stocked.—Edwardes Bros., 20, Black­ heating zones, accuracy I 5°. temperatures 0 to 900'"-' C. friars Road. London. S.E.I. 6362 Five sneeds between 6 and 15 hours, but easily adaptable cp.R.S. Cables and Flexibles, Welding Cables, supplied for other speeds. May be seen working, London area.— to M.O.S. requirements.—Edwardes Bros., 20. B o x 759. c /o The Electrical Eeview. Blackfriars Road. London, S .E .I. 6363 TT'LECTEIC Hammers. The Kango Electric Hammer is rjlU D O R Batteries for sale.' 55 cells. L .F., 792 ampere -Ej a necessity for all works. It pays for itself in a few -1- hour, 110 cells. L.E., 370 ampere hour. Complete weeks. W rite for descriptive pam phlet to -C e o rg e Cohen. with charging board, regulator, automatic cut out and Sons & Co. Ltd., Wood Lane. London, W.12, and Btan- meters. Inspection can be made at the Cornwall Mental Hospital. Bodmin. All offers to be made in writing to ITXHAUST Fans, new, 14". 1 -phase. 200/250 v.. 1.900 the Steward. 773 E J cu. ft./m in .. £11 15 s.— Southern Ignition Co. Ltd.. WO dish-ended Lancashire Boilers by Danks, 30' x 190, Thornton Eoad. Croydon. 75 T 7' 6", for 125 lbs. working pressure.—Thomas Mitchell U'OR immediate disposal, owmg to changeover to mains & Sons Limited. Bolton. 748 E supply, one 135-b.h.p.. 125i-lhs, steam pressure -kW Plating Generator, separately excited, 1.500 amps., 7 000-r.p.m. "Allens ” Steam Turbine. coupled through 9 0/6 volts. 750 r.p.m., direct coupled 20-h.p. squirrel single reduction gear to 90-kW 230-volts D C ' M ta cage Motor, 440 volts, 3-phaee, 50 periods. B .& B . A.C. Generator. 1,250 r.p.m. Turbme fitted with 0/30 lbs and D.C. control switchgear. new condition; also 70-kVA pass-out steam system, complete with oil cooler, all in " B.I.” Static Condenser. 400 volts. 3-phase. 50 periods, good mechanical and electrical condition. THus unit has oil cooled. Apply—F. S. Slater & Co.. 34 Princes Way, been working daily until 30th September, 1944.—Box <74. Team Trading Estate, Gateshead-on-Tyne. 6283 c/o The Electrical Review. ^TC-kVA steam-driven A.C. Generating Set, Browett XTOUR identical 150-kW. ^Veir Sulzer / E .C.C. * Lindley two-crank compound vertical Engine coupled J- Dieael-driven Generating Seta. 220 volt D.C.—Stewart to English Electric Company’s Alternator. — Thomas Thomson & Sons. Fort Ed... Seaforth. L pool. 21. 74 Mitchell & Sons Limited, Bolton. 747 r i ENERATIN'G Set for sale, petrol. 3 kVA, 230/1/50. Q /f-kW. 240-volt, L.D.M., single-bearing Dynamo, 720 VX radiator cooled.—Fyfe. Wilson & Co. Ltd., Bisbopj o t t r.p.m.—S. C. Bilsby. Crosswells road, Langley, nr. Birmingham. Broadwell 1359. 770 TTEAVY duty Arc Welding Plants. 200 snaps. Brice h.p., 400/3/50. 580-revs. S.R. E.C.C., 3 brgs.. E L £31 10s. complete. Also Spot Welders, £36 15s. 1 00 ' with switchgear.—Greenhalgh Bros., Bartons John E. E. Steel. Clyde Mills Bingley Phone 1066^ 50 Field Mill. A therton, nr. M /cr. 741 JEON Connectors. Lampholders and Bakeli^Wirmg^Ac- OrC/VkVA Alternator, 400 volts, 3-phase, 50 cycles. 750 cessonea. Deliveries from stock.—BCM/ELEC.. revs., with direct coupled exciter.—Midland Coun­ London. W .C.l. 6294 ties Electrical Engineering Co. Ltd.. Grice Street, Spon T^EAD-covered and Armoured Cables. P.I. and V.I.E., Lane. West Bromwich. 36 ■ 1 various special lines at low prices. Edwardes Bros., r a a Electric Motors, Dynamos, Transformers, Con- 20, Blackiriars Eoad, London, S .E .I. o

Key Men in War-Time and Afterwards

rpiIE finest posts and the great majority'of posts in BAKELITE A Great Britain in this war rue technical. The same will be the case when the war is over. The vast increase MOULDINGS in mechanisation now being applied to war purposes will then be suitably utilised in reconstruction, and ill trade and commerce. Take a recognised Engineermg Quali­ ERINOID fication through home-study with the. «Vgc ''in" the TURNINGS ^tndtfknts havf rained 35 FIRST PLACES in the T O A N Y A M IiiA.C E . A dd.IEE.. A.M.I.Mech.E.. A.F.R.Ae.S.. SPECIFICATION etc.. examinations. Write to-day for The Engineer *• Guide to Success.” containing the world s widest choice of engineering Courses—over 200—-covering all branches. FREDERICK W. EVANS LTD. Electrical. Aeronautical. Mechanical. W ireless. etc. PLASTIC WORKS THE TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF LONG ACRE, BIRMINGHAM 7 GT. BRITAIN, TELEPH O N E: EASt 1286 & 1287 35. Temple Bar House. London. E.C.4.

NOV II Please Give Generously BY COURTESY OF REMEMBRANCE T.M.C.-HARWELL (SALES) LTD.

BRITANNIA HOUSE. 233 SHAFTESBURY AVENUE, LONDON. W.C.2 Telephone : T E M p le B a r 00 SS $ torn * ™ e g r 0ms : « Arwelldrte, Westcent, LondorC i îilllllllTiÏÏÎ 76 {Supplement) E le c tr ic a l R eview October 13, 1944 “ MACINTYRE” HIGH-GRADE ELECTRICAL

PORCELAINS__ GREAT BR IT A IN ) fid .

are competitive In price, but Formerly EAST LONDON RUBBER Co. Ltd, their superiority in quality, accuracy and efficiency ensure a very REAL REDUCTION In the cost of assembly, etc. The Increasing demand for these PO R C ELA IN S has neces­ sitated considerable alterations to premises and plant which will greatly facilitate production LAMPS and service. INDUSTRIAL FITTINGS Enquiries solicited (ABLE {.WIRING SUPPLIES JAMES MACINTYRE & CO. LTD. WARTON RD„ STRATFORD BURSLEM LONDON. E.15. (MARylond 6611) Pioneer Producers of Electrical & BRANCHES ------Porcelains---- 1------

"EVERBRITE" RECHARGEABLE No Battery Renewals. TORCH From a Few Ozs. to 1 Ton in all Non-Ferrous Metals including Recharged from mains. HIGH TENSILE BRONZES An ideal inspection CHILL CAST SOLID & CORED BARS Torch, available for essential services. In PHOSPHOR BRONZES and GUN METALS for Obtainable direct or BUSHINGS. BEARINGS, ETC. from Electrical Dealers. MACHINED WORK. BREAKDOWN SERVICE.

JT PRICE £ ( 0 i=)LTD N EWC ASTI F •! INDF I? • I VMF . STAFFS PHONE : NEWCASTLE -U-LYM E 6 9 O 8 3 October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w fSupplement) 77

W H A T ’S T H E DIFFERENCE ANYWAY? Government reduction of tin content of alloys often means the in­ crease of soldering temperatures if satis­ factory soldering pro­ cesses are to be achie­ ved. But what in­ creases are necessary? How will the com­ ponents be affected by increased heat ? These and other technical queries are answered in " Technical Notes on Soldering,” issued by the manufacturers of Ersin Multicore the A.I.D. and G.P.O. approved three core Solder Wire. Firms engaged on government contracts are invited M.S.M. are specialist manu­ to write for a copy of this reference sheet facturers of tilting type mercury and samples of Ersin Multicore Solder W ire. switches suitable for instrument work, domestic and industrial ap­ The Solder Wire with 3-Cores of Non-Corrpsive paratus and power control gear. E r s in F lu x THE MERCURY SWITCH MANUFACTURING C O . LTD . MULTICORE SOLDERS LTD,COMMONWEALTH HOUSE. WEST DRAYTON, MIDDLESEX LONDON. WC I. Tel: CHAncers 5171'2

* jJsWy GODWIN ELECTRIC PUMPS

TYPE A.I.E. PATE NTED ELECTRIC PUMP Is one of a range particularly useful where light and LITHOLITE INSULATORS & efficient duty Is required. It has a capacity of 250 G.P.H. to a head of 80 feet and Is fitted with Totally enclosed Self-oiling Mechanism with BALL BEARINGS throughout. ST. ALBANS MOULDINGS LTD Other special features include non-corrodlble GUN-METAL PUMP BODY, STAINLESS STEEL PISTON ROD and also AUTOMATIC GLAND ADJUSTMENT which reduces friction to a minimum. W rite for fully Illustrated lists, prices and enerous discounts of the comprehensive range of Godwin WATFORD ilectrlc Pumps and W ater Systems.______'PHONE: WATFORD 4494 H. J . GODWIN LTD. Q'U ENIN G'TON CLOS 7 8 ( S u p p le m e n t) E l e c t r i c a l k e v b e w u c t o o e r iy 4 T

PAGE D.P. Battery Co. Ltd ...... 67 Index to Advertisers Du Bois Co. Ltd ...... 48 * • j PAGE Duratube & Wire Ltd ...... 76 A e n a h te L td ...... 2 Ekrordia Ltd ...... 62 Air Ducts Ltd ...... 36 Electric Depot Ltd ...... 82 Associated Fire Alarms Ltd ...... 80 Ellison, George. Ltd ...... 37 Baker Platinum Ltd ...... 43 English Electric Co. Ltd ...... 22 Berry's Electric Ltd ...... 40 Evans. Adlard & Co. L td ...... 80 Bill Switchgear Ltd ...... 3 ! Evans. F. W., Ltd.. .: ...... 75 Birmingham Mica Co. Ltd ...... 62 ! Falk. Stadelmann & Co. Ltd ...... 27 Britannia Batteries Ltd 63 ’ Fan Disc Ltd ...... 64 Britannic Electric Cable & Construction Co. L td... 53 Ferguson, Pail in L td ...... 19 British Central Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 52 Ferranti Ltd Cover i & 11 British Electric Meters Ltd ...... 32 Flextol Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 80 British Electric Transformer Co. Ltd ...... 61 Fry's Metal Foundries Ltd ...... 23 • British Insulated Cables Ltd 25 ! General Electric Co. Ltd Cover iv & 68 British Klockner Switchgear Ltd 82 ! Godwin. H. J., Ltd ...... 77 British Thomson-Houston Co. Ltd 5 i Hampton W orks (Stampings) Ltd ...... 62 Brook Motors Ltd ...... 35 Hart Accumulator Co. Ltd ...... 44 B row m ing's E lectric C o . L td ...... C o v e r iii H e d in L td ...... 64 Bruce Peebles & Co. Ltd 2 j Henley's, W. T., Telegraph W orks Co. Ltd ...... 13 Brush Electrical Engineering Co. Ltd 47 ; Herbert. Alfred. Ltd ...... 5 0 ' Bull M otors ...... 1 Hildick & Hildick ...... 54 Buffers L td ...... 14 Hoffmann M anufacturing Co. Ltd ...... 55 Burco Ltd 3 1 H o u c h in L td ...... 46 BX Plastics L td ...... 29 Igranic Electric Co. Ltd ...... 55 Cambridge Instrument Co. Ltd ...... 40 Injection Moulders Ltd ...... 79 Canning, W.. & Co. Ltd ...... 16 International Electrolytic Plant Co. L td ...... 57 Checklox Ltd 62 1 Iso-Speedic Co. Ltd...... 42 Clifford, Charles. & Son Ltd 52 i Jackson Electric Stove Co. Ltd ...... 15 Collins Electrical Ltd ...... 57 Jenson & Nicholson Ltd ...... 48 Consolidated Pneumatic Tool Co. Ltd ...... 7 Johnson & Phillips Ltd ...... 33 Copper Development Association ...... 12 Kerry’s (Great Britain) L td ...... 76 Cressaff Manufacturing Co. Ltd ...... 44 Key Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 82 Crompton Parkinson Ltd 9 & 18 Litholite Insulators & St. Albans Mouldings Ltd.... 77 Darwins Ltd ...... 53 L o n d e x L td ...... 82 D a v is & T im m in s L td ...... 82 M. & C. Switchgear Ltd ...... 21 De Renzi, Holmes & Co. Ltd 50 • Macintyre, J., & Co ...... 76 Dennis, G. P., Ltd ...... 48 M arconi's Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd ...... 54 Dewhurst & Parmer Ltd ...... 56 Donovan Electrical Co. Ltd 63 & 80 {Continued on page 80)

FLAT TWIN CABLE industrial light and power insulated and sheathed in MERSEY CABLES rubber or' in synthetic HERS FT CABLE WORKS LTD • LI NACRE LANE - BOOTLE LIVERPOOL Rubber Insulated Wire*. Cables & RexiMes material for domestic and made in all iLaes for ail purpose* where permitted October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w CSupplement) 79

W electrically-driven pumping sets^I UQUIDSL1n0METER Mark CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS FOR ffiGHHIGH TEMPERATURE 1 High Pressure Heating Circuits, Process Work in connection with Thermal Storage Tanks, Hot Oils for Refineries The “ Pulsometer " JB Pump covers a wide range of duties and will withstand high temperature stresses and pressures. t e1—— ______—■

k, P^som eter engineering g . 11» r e a d i n g ^

Moulded in one piece, a new plastics application developed by Injection Moulders Ltd. Far superior to wooden variety, it has far lower water-absorption, thus eliminating warping. The close limits of accuracy in manufacture are a tremendous help in winding, r——— A very high surface finish obviates danger of tearing very fine wire. Ribbed internally, the T bobbin Is exceptionally strong. Dimensions 2f" MITGHtLL ELECTRIC llj 1 between flanges, bore |*. Diam. of flange 3". 1“^ 1 VVe shall be very pleased to give further LIMITED information to firms interested. n 88-90, TENNANT STREET, INJECTION MOULDERS L td Tel.: MIDIand 3096 BIRMINGHAM 15 (Bureau I) Westmoreland Rd., London. N.W.9. Tel.: Colindale 8863-9

The Spiral Tube and Components Co. Ltd Technical Department OSMASTON PARK ROAD, DE .“ oiSSW «« Head Office - Honeypot Lane, Stanmore, Middlesexdlesex \ Telephone. - ° e r b , *&067-S Telegrams-Splral Derby «067: Splratucom Phone London 8 0 (Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w October 13, 1944 Index to Advertisers (Continued from page 78) p a g e Martindale Electric Co. Ltd ...... 41 Mek-Elek Engineering Ltd ...... 59 Mercury Switch Mfg. Co. Ltd ...... 77 Mersey Cable Works Ltd ...... 78 M etallic Seamless T ube C o . L td ...... 44 Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 6 Metway Electrical Industries Ltd ...... 64 Midland Electric Mfg. Co. Ltd ...... 31 Mitchell Electric Ltd ...... 79 Multicore Solders Ltd ...... 77 Nelson Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 59 Normand Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 8 Northern Aluminium Co. Ltd ...... 54 Parmiter, Hope & Sugden Ltd ...... 81 Parsons, C. H., Ltd ...... 34 Partridge Wilson, E., & Co. Ltd ...... 66 Petters Ltd ...... 24 He is the man who has to use the tools you ' Philips Lamps Ltd ...... 65 provide and he knows their merits. There is Poles L td ...... 56 a Flextol machine for every job, — Filing, Pope’s Electric Lamp Co. Ltd ...... 10 Price, J. T., & Co. (Brass & Alum. Founders) Ltd.. . 76 Grinding, Scurfing, Polishing, Flexible Disc Pulsometer Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 79 Grinding, Screw Driving, Nut Setting, etc. Ransome & Maries Bearing Co. Ltd ...... 28 Send for Catalogue No. F 2 2 - Rawlplug Co. Ltd...... 20 Renold & Coventry Chain Co. Ltd ...... 52 R epton Engineering C o ...... 62 Reyrolle, A., & Co. Ltd ...... 45 Robinson, Lionel, & Co. Ltd ...... 39 Rotunda Ltd ...... 64 Runbaken Electrical Products...... 76 POWER-DRIVEN HAND TOOLS Ruston & Hornsby Ltd ...... 38 Service Electric Co. Ltd Cover iii Siemens Electric Lamps & Supplies Ltd Cover ii Simmonds & Stokes Ltd ...... 60 ' M o re Power to your elbow * Smith, Frederick, & Co ...... 26 Smith’s English Clocks Ltd ...... 46 Sole Manufacturers and Patentees : Sordoviso Switchgear Ltd ...... 51 FLEXTOL ENGINEERING CO. LTD Sparklets Ltd ...... 64 THE GREEN, EALING, LONDON, W.S Spicers Ltd Cover iii 'Phones: EALing 6444/5/6. 'Grams: " Dominating ", Ealux, London, Spiral Tube & Components Co. Ltd ...... 79 Standard Telephones & Cables Ltd ...... 4 95-I3A Surgical Equipment Supplies Ltd ...... 46 Switchgear & Cowans Ltd ...... 49 Symonds, R. H., Ltd ...... 50 Taylor Electrical Instruments Ltd ...... 60 Telegraph Construction & Maintenance Co. Ltd... 58 T.M.C.-Harwell (Sales) Ltd ...... 75 Tudor Accumulator Co. Ltd ...... 27 Tullis Russell & Co. Ltd ...... 30 Universal Engineering Co...... 56 Venner Time Switches Ltd ...... 67 Veritys Ltd ...... 41 Walters, Austin, & Son Ltd ...... 51 Note the tongue which Weekes, L., (Luton) Ltd ...... 36 ensures perfect and Westinghouse Brake & Signal Co. Ltd ...... 17 permanent contact. Easy to fix. Nuts cannot turn. All sizes from half to two Inches The fact that goods made of raw m aterials in short supply owing to war conditions are advertised in this Journal should not be taken as an indication that THE DONOVAN ELECTRICAL GO. LTD. they are necessarily available for export BIRMINGHAM 9 Electrical Manufacturer, and Stockholders

FIRE A.R.P. ALARM BELLS etc . IRONCLAD WEATHERPROOF AND GAS- AND WATER-TIGHT TYPES FOR A.C OR D.C. for CLEANINC ALL VOLTAGES UP TO 250 filter and DRYING TRANSFORMER OIL ASSOCIATED FIRE ALARMS LTD. Writ® for Samples and Prices to» EVANS, ADLARD & Co. Ltd. SUTHERLAND WORKS, ST. ANDREW RD. POSTLIP MILLS. WINCHCOMBE, CHELTENHAM WALTHAMSTOW, LONDON, E.17 October 13, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 81

To comply with the Electricity Regu­ lations — “ Efficient means suitably located shall be provided for protecting against excess current every part of a system.” Efficient means are embodied by the modern Aeroflex high breaking capacity, rewirable cartridge fuse, which combines the property of opening circuit on comparatively low overloads if continuously maintained, with time-lag without ageing under operational peaks of a permissible character, at the same time offering ample breaking capacity to meet all requirements. Suitable location consists in grouping the fuses in safe and properly designed distribution boards, so that each cable and conductor is fused at the origin where it is supplied from another of larger capacity, and in providing that each group can be isolated at will by adequate switchgear, for inspection, renewal or extension. These requirements are met by installing Aeroflex-Fluvent ironclad switch and fusegear, the product of continued experience and contact with practical conditions of service.

for breaking capacity and thermal capacity PARMITER, HOPE & SUGDEN LTD. Longsight, Manchester 12. London : 34 Victoria Street, S.W .I 82 (Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l k e v i l w ijc w o e r u , i

• We are now able to STUDDING supply Brass or Steel Studding from stock in the following sizes : 0 - 8 B A ±"— i " W h itw o rth Supplied in 12 inch lengths in gross bundles. Special lengths supplied to order.

We are manufacturers of Screws, Small Turned Parts and Inserts. AVIS & TIMMINS I? Head Office: BILLET ROAD • WALTHAMSTOW • LONDON • E.I7

Enquiries invited. Telephone: Larkswood 2244 and 4441

II »» FIBRE KEY CONDUIT Large Stocks now avail­ able at Manchester

KEY ENGINEERING CO. LTD. 4 QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON AND MANCHESTER. ELECTRIC DEPOT LTD., 114 PRITCHETT ST., B’HAM

SNAP-ACTION REMOTE CONTROL LIMIT SWITCH O F S T R E E T TYPE AKFR LIGHTING d> B A J 7 S R Y . OTHER PRODUCTS : This simple arrange­ AUTOMATIC STARTERS m ent in w ide.use ROTARY SWITCHES Ask f o r leaflet CONTACTORS 50/ER OVERLOADS British Klockner Switchgear Ltd. L 0 N D E X • L T D Phone : Chertsey 2221/2 MANUFACTURERS OF RELAYS Chertsey, Surrey. AZV & \y 207-ANERLEY ROAD- L0ND0NSE-20

P rin te d in G re a t B ritain a t THE CHAPEL R iv e r PRESS, A ndover, H a n ts, a n d pub lish ed b y ELECTRICAL REVIEW, LIMITED, at^Dorset House, Stamford’Street, London,JS.E.l. October 13, 1944 E lectrical R eview iii

E J B Official Repairers to Councils and the leading BtL k I l%v Insurance Companies.

For All Classes of Manufacturers of ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC SEPARATORS, MAGNETIC PULLEYS, MECHANICAI RFPAIRS TRANSFORMER COILS AND SWITCHES, MlhCHANIGAL REPAIRS ELECTRIC SOLDERING IRONS Consult BROWNINGS ELECTRIC Co. L td. BOLEYN CASTLE, GREEN STREET, UPTON PARK, LONDON, E.I3 Telephone : GRAngewood 4004/5 Established 1919

In these days of tremendous war effort where high quality in materials is o f paramount importance “ Sistoflex” remains unsurpassed

SPICERS LIMITED

19 N EW BRIDGE ST., LONDON, E.C.4. Telephone: CENTRAL 4211

SECOMAK 9 9 Regd. Trade Mark HIGH-SPEED # MORE POWERFUL # MORE RELIABLE PORTABLE # EASIER TO USE This blower with a 212- BLOWER mile-an-hour blast of dry air dislodges all foreign m atter from windings of electric motors and other inaccess­ ible places. Send for leaflet S7/I00.

Cleaning. LJirt causes unnecessary iritiiun in rnaeiunci jr.nosuus Telephone: Wembley 0194/5 costly power and is the direct cause of rapid depreciation. SERVICE ELECTRIC CO. LTD., Abbey Estate, Mount Pleasant, Alperton, Middx. CORK MANUFACTURING CO. LTD., South Chingford, London, E.4 Telephone : Silverihorn 2666 (7 lines) (Associated with Flexo Plywood Industries Ltd.)