Helsinki Chapter 10 Years

Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association

Helsinki Chapter 10 years

AFCEA Helsinki Chapter 10 Years

In this magazine:

AFCEA Helsinki Chapter 10 years...... 4 Insta DefSec; Leading Finnish Defence Solutions ...... 8 LogicaCMG; An International Defence Information Capability...... 12 Environics; Solutions for Security...... 15 COJOT; Antennas In Unattended Ground Sensor Systems...... 16 CISCO Unified Communications; Connecting People And Information Better For an Improved Communications Experience...... 18 Tietosaab Systems Oy; Expertise In Defence And Security Solutions..... 20 Rohde & Schwarz; Radiomonitorointijärjestelmiä...... 22 Microsoft; Defence – Technology That Transforms ...... 24 Control Express; Military Computers...... 28 ASCOM; Providing Integration Ror Net-Centric Warfare...... 28 Savox Communications; Mission Critical Radio Interface Products And Professional Hands-Free Solutions ...... 32 Systimax; Mukana verkkojen kehityksessä ...... 34 Mastsystem; Design of Light-Weight Mast System ...... 36 Patria; 120 mm Nemo Mortar System ...... 39 Portalify; Empowering Field Operations...... 40 Robonic...... 42 Sysopen Digia...... 43

Cover:

Finnish Army tactical C3I system on the move [Patria]

Editor LtCol (Eng.) Jyri Kosola

Printed in Savion Kirjapaino

October 2007

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Major General Markku Koli Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations

Many of my latest duties, like developing the Joint C4ISR System for the Finnish defence, have been closely connected to the themes of AFCEA seminars. Today sharing security and safety related information between authorities, both nationwide and internationally, is a necessary but most challenging task. It has been a relief to all of us to have the opportunity to ventilate our ideas and experiences with colleagues, scientists and industries.

AFCEA in the Nordic and Baltic countries is providing an open, professional forum to enhance cooperation between authorities from different countries. Helsinki Chapter has also brought in several world class speakers into domestic seminars to add versatility into discussion.

Let me express my congratulations to the celebrating chapter. I wish all the best in the future to AFCEA Helsinki Chapter and all of AFCEA!

Brigadier General Jukka Juusti Chief Armaments

For ten years now AFCEA Helsinki Chapter has actively been providing possibilities for open communication between innovators, providers and the procurement sector. This has been carried out by spreading information about AFCEA events abroad and by arranging luncheons and seminars, both locally and in cooperation with foreign chapters in the neighbouring countries over modern videoteleconferencing technology.

International interaction and collaboration are the best ways to have an effect on overall global stability, technical interoperability in crisis management and cutting the cost of security. That also opens windows for Finnish competences to equally contribute to the global market.

I want to thank all active members of AFCEA Helsinki Chapter for their impact on developing and maintaining the international forum for technology developers, industry and decision makers. May the beginning decade be as productive!

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AFCEA HELSINKI CHAPTER 10 YEARS Ilkka Jäppinen

Since November 1997 AFCEA Helsinki Chapter has existed as a transparent interface between the Finnish professionals and the global AFCEA forum. This year certainly is a highlight because of the TechNet Europe 2007 Symposium and Exhibition sailing from Stockholm to Helsinki. This is probably also a good time to take a glance at the past ten years.

First individual members from Finland joined AFCEA International more than 15 years ago. In those days they enrolled in the Stockholm Chapter which was the closest one. Soon there were a handful of active membership card holders who wanted to establish a local chapter in Helsinki. With a lot of support from AFCEA International and especially from the Stockholm Chapter Board the initial Chairman of the AFCEA Helsinki Chapter, Colonel (Eng.) Ilkka Jäppinen is the chief of meeting was held and the application for department of Military Technology at the charter was sent in. Finnish Military Academy.

In the beginning military officers, engi- already arranged several events under the neers and industrial representatives were in name of TechNet Baltic. the majority but soon also the number of government and municipal civilian In the year 2001 after regular board visits memberships increased. Currently there is and attending some of the TechNet Baltic a balance between military and civilian seminars on the island of Gotland it was authorities, industry and scientific commu- time to try something more challenging. nity covering all areas of security in TechNet Baltic 2001 was a huge effort society. together with chapters in Stockholm, Oslo and Helsinki as well as with many impor- Finland shares many of the typical features tant sponsors from these countries. of the other Nordic countries because of the common historical and cultural One of the planning seminars was also background. Also politically the country is attended by LTGEN C. Norman Wood, very similar to Sweden. That is why it was USAF (rtd.), then President and CEO of not difficult to start close collaboration AFCEA International. He later gave the with the Stockholm Chapter. They had seminar opening speech at 3 AM (US local

4 AFCEA Helsinki Chapter 10 Years time) over the phone from his bedroom. He In addition to these special achievements said this was the first time he was opening normal activities of the Helsinki Chapter a conference in his pyjamas! include luncheons, seminars and helping

Joel Majurinen (left) accepted his life membership certificate from Colonel Jarmo Myyrä in November 2002.

TechNet Baltic 2001 was a five-day, five- Finnish attendees to find their way into theme seminar with audiences in five international AFCEA events like TechNet auditoriums connected together with state Europe and MILCOM. Another important of the art IP-broadband videoteleconferen- function during all these years has been cing technology in Stockholm, Oslo, providing domestic conferences with Kaunas (Lithuania), St.Petersburg and highly appreciated international speakers. Helsinki. Additionally all the presentations The list of names is almost endless so we were globally streamed over the Internet will mention here only some of the most and there was also a virtual exhibition in renowned: Colonel Alan D. Campen, the World Wide Web. Even though the USAF (rtd.), Mr. John F. Garstka (US five day programme and the heavy com- DoD) and Dr. Henrik Friman, National munications took a lot of effort the event Defence College, Sweden. Doctor Friman was a great success thanks to the devoted holds many positions, one of them being enthusiasts, most of them in Sweden under the Regional Vice President of the Nordic the leadership of the Stockholm Chapter Region. His support has been continuous President MGen Göran De Geer, SA (rtd.). and invaluable indeed.

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been arranged when in the year 2006 it was time to establish the AFCEA Tallinn Subchapter to Helsinki Chapter. This time strong support was provided by Commo- dore Robert Howell, RN (rtd.), General Manager of AFCEA Europe.

After five years from TechNet Baltic 2001 it was time to try again in March 2006. TechNet Baltic 2006 was a two-day videoteleconference with auditoriums in Stockholm, Tallinn and Helsinki. The overall subject was “Baltic cooperation for National Security”. This time the communication bandwidth between sites was the unbelievable 2,4 gigabits/second The “Number One” of the information (STM16) over dedicated optical fibres by warfare, Colonel (ret.) Alan D. Campen (USA) TeliaSonera Ltd. and Nimbra-codecs by (left) attending an InfoWar seminar with two Net Insight Ltd.! As you might guess video Swedish and two Russian IW experts in quality - as well as contents of the October 2000. programme - were again far beyond the expected. Active contacts with Estonian authorities, universities and industry has been a natural Foundation of the independent AFCEA by-product of the growing cooperation Tallinn Chapter was finally approved in between Finland and Estonia in all areas. A mid-June 2007. It was thanks to many couple of AFCEA seminars aboard ferries people but not least to Mr. Tõnu Naestema, between Helsinki and Tallinn had already

Well-known speakers in October 2003 in Helsinki: from left: Kalevi Halonen, Tom Johansen, Henrik Friman, John F. Garstka, Ari Puheloinen and Tapio Mustonen.

6 AFCEA Helsinki Chapter 10 Years today the Chapter President. Collaboration attend a big event. The Grand Old Man is with the first AFCEA chapter in the Baltic Managing Director Joel Majurinen who countries continues at a close level. joined in April 1992 and received his lifetime membership award in 2002. He has also held the Chapter Vice President’s position for several years.

TechNet Europe 2007 under the theme “From Weather to Warfare” will be a window for visitors to see some of the cooperation arrangements between countries around the Baltic Sea and also a window for local attendees to meet and see international colleagues and global systems, this time close to their homes. Let the luxury cruise boat and the unique archi- pelago speak for themselves!

AFCEA Helsinki Chapter wishes all readers of this publication heartily Mikko Hyppönen from FSecure is welcome to visit Finland! widelyknown speaker and a long-time member of AFCEA

Closest cooperation partner outside AFCEA has been from the beginning the Signal Officers’ Association in Finland. The first chapter president (1997 -1998), the late COL Heikki Nurmi, FA (rtd.), held also the presidency of that organization. COL Jarmo Myyrä, FA, developed (1998 – 2003) the chapter into much what it is today. His role has been prominent in arranging the both TechNet Baltic events, in establishing the Tallinn Chapter and in participating the European AFCEA community events.

Number of names in the membership roster has changed up and down around 100, mostly depending on event activity level. There is a core population of devoted professionals and then a continuously updating list of interested people who join repeatedly again when they are going to

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INSTA DEFSEC

LEADING FINNISH DEFENCE SOLUTIONS

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AN INTERNATIONAL DEFENCE INFORMATION CAPABILITY Roger Mendham, Defence Advisor LogicaCMG

The challenges being faced by Defence in the 21st century increasingly demand international solutions. The threats being faced today are very different from those experienced during the Cold War era, with the certainty of that time being replaced by increasing uncertainty. There is uncertainty over where the next threat will emerge from, what form it will take, what response is required and how it will be countered. The one certainty is that the response to any significant threat will be multi-national in nature. The Commercial Dimension

The need to have legitimacy for the The past 25 years have seen dramatic deployment and operation of military force developments in technology, particularly is also important. To provide an effective, in the areas of computers and communi- multi-national response to emerging cations. These technologies have trans- threats, supra-national organisations, such formed the way information is handled in as the European Community or the United all areas of society; privately, commer- Nations will increasingly be involved in cially and increasingly in the defence the decision making process and will environment. The ability to have the right provide the mandate for deployed information, in the right place, at the right operations. time, and increasingly at the right cost, is relatively easy to achieve in the benign As a result the international community environment of the home or office. The assumes a responsibility for the successful real challenge is achieving this in the resolution of the conflict. This inter- operational battlespace. nationalisation has advantages as it can provide greater emphasis on conflict In the majority of countries around the resolution prior to the deployment of world satellite communications, internet forces, but once military operations and mobile phone technologies are all become necessary the wider international readily available. The key to delivering community can contribute to the deployed information capability in defence is pulling force structures. This approach is demon- through commercial technologies and strated in multi-national operations in areas making them relevant to the specific needs as diverse as Boznia-Hertzegovina, of the complex military environment. Kosovo, Iraq, Afghanistan and on a number of operations in Africa.

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One of the most significant challenges that military capability are very much have to be faced is the sheer pace of influenced by technology. This is shown change. In the commercial market, techno- in the various Network Enabled Warfare, logy is developing at an almost frightening Capability, Defence, Operations etc pace, with new products being launched on initiatives that are underway in virtually an almost daily basis. In this harsh every significant military power. The commercial environment some develop- common theme is the utilisation of ments flourish, whilst others perish and technology to enable the delivery of mili- this situation poses a number of challenges tary capability through the employment of for defence. smaller, more agile, but technically advanced forces. The Military Environment Industry’s Response The complex nature of the communications and information infrastructures that Industry has to respond to the challenge of support military operations demand a level equipping these technically advanced certainty, to ensure the integrity of the forces and enabling them to operate in information services delivered to the joint and multi-national forces, and this is commanders, their staffs and the forces at where companies such as LogicaCMG the sharp end of delivering military have a significant role to play. Whilst the capability. The relative ‘chaos’ that exists traditional defence supplier continue to with the internet is acceptable in the home have an important role in providing the or in certain aspects of normal office platforms for military operations, the activity, but would be inappropriate for an delivery of information capability draws operational headquarters operating, for on the strengths of the information example, in southern Afghanistan. companies.

This is not to say there is no scope for LogicaCMG’s strength in high technology innovation. The key is to introduce across multiple market sectors provides it relevant technological developments in a with a breadth of capabilities that are managed way, addressing integration and highly relevant to today’s defence require- information management issues, ments. For example, it has been involved conforming to standards and applying in space programmes for over 30 years and good configuration management prin- their technology is used in military ciples. This is a non-trivial challenge, communications satellites as well as being because the aspirations of the end-users part of the next generation of geographic also have to be met. positioning systems. The company has also been at the forefront of developing services A final factor is changing nature of that exploit the capabilities of mobile military capability. In the cold war era telephony. Through a combination of all of numbers were really important. The these technology capabilities innovative effectiveness of a country’s military force new services can be delivered, as shown by tended to be measured in the scale of its the Merlot series of programmes resources, numbers of main battle tanks, developed in Finland by WM-data, a fighter aircraft, warships etc. In the 21st LogicaCMG company. These deliver a century this has changed and measures of comprehensive, end-to-end information

13 AFCEA Helsinki Chapter 10 Years service in support of the emergency addition to its established positions in the services and prehospital care, and there are defence markets of UK, Netherlands, strong parallels with requirements in France and Germany. defence, especially battlefield healthcare. LogicaCMG recognises the importance of This is merely one example of where an building business relationships at a local innovative approach of pulling together level and all of our defence requirements technologies from multiple market sectors are managed by the appropriate country can be used to deliver an information team. Their ability to add real value lies in capability. LogicaCMG is now exploring the way they bring the collective capability ways to taking the same approach to from across the company to support the information capability requirements in local team and utilise the developments in defence, and in particular addressing the one country for the potential benefit of international aspects of this requirement. others. Thus the experience of developing

LogicaCMG a battlefield system in one country can be used in meeting a similar requirement With the growth of LogicaCMG over the elsewhere, providing benefits in terms of past 3 years our defence capability has development time, international compatibi- gained an international dimension, enab- lity and economic value. ling the company to bring the synergy of our defence teams across Europe to bear Information capability is a core require- on military requirements. The company is ment for the effective conduct of military now 40,000 strong with operations in 41 operations in the 21st century and countries around the globe. The acquisition LogicaCMG utilises its international capa- of WM-data in 2006 completed our pan- bility to deliver innovative solutions to European coverage and gave LogicaCMG meet the challenges of these complex particular strength in Scandinavia in operational environments.

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ANTENNAS IN UNATTENDED GROUND SENSOR (UGS) SYSTEMS COJOT – more than one wavelength

Intrusion detection and perimeter monitoring are key ingredients of network based Antenna Considerations defence. Detection and monitoring will revolve around finding new and innovative UGS units are often located at or below ways of using new and existing sensor ground level in an effort to reduce the technology. visual signature. UGS system communication is thus affected by the physics of Unattended Ground Sensors make use of radio frequency (RF) propagation at low numerous low-power sensors to add to the elevations. Depending on the carrier capability of reconnaissance and surveil- frequency of the signal and the terrain lance. Sensor nodes may contain a combi- between the transmitting and the receiving nation of passive and active sensor, such as end, the signal may take different modes of acoustic, magnetic, and seismic detection propagation like the direct wave, the sensors, and potentially nuclear, biological ground wave or the scattered wave. In and chemical (NBC) sensors. Each sensor addition to the free space path loss which also contains a low power transceiver to is always present there are also numerous enable connections to C2 systems. other phenomena that may cause attenuation to the signal like reflections, The communications requirements for scattering, diffraction and shading due to UGS systems have spawned numerous obstacles as well as attenuation due to developments in the area of low profile, vegetation, rain or any other lossy material low cost, yet high performance transcei- located in the path of the signal. Further vers. A primary objective is maximum on, any objects (e.g. the earth ground) mission life; hence the radios must employ located in the near field of the transceiver low power circuit designs, and also power- antenna will inevitably shape the radiation efficient routing protocols and fast acquisi- pattern of the antenna. tion waveforms to support duty cycling. Some generally desired requirements of The network architecture is similarly UGS networks are the following: optimized. Typically low power transcei- • High data rate (over 1 Mbits/s) vers form a local network in which relati- • Point-to-multipoint or mesh networks vely closely spaced nodes, typically front line sensors, are interconnected. As with • High lifetime on battery use any wireless connection, the antennas • Low visibility employed at the different communication • Easy deployment in operational use nodes play an important part in securing • Usage in forest type terrain the quality of the connection.

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These requirements have a direct impact the ground or even dug into the ground. on the specifications of the antennas to be For the RF connection, however, this used in UGS networks. The required high location is everything else but optimal. At bit rates have the immediate consequence lower frequencies (below 500 MHz) the that in most practical cases relatively high radiation towards low angles above ground carrier frequencies (at least hundreds of is strongly affected by the cancelling effect MHz, mostly GHz range) need to be used. of the ground reflection, whereas at higher frequencies the attenuation caused by In a mesh type network every node needs vegetation becomes more and more to be able to keep contact to several other important. Whatever the frequency, a low nodes in different directions. This means location of the antenna increases the that in most cases the antenna has to have probability of having important obstacles an omni-directional radiation pattern. Also in the line of sight of the connection. So wide angle directional patterns may find depending on the distance between the use with nodes located at the edge of the nodes, the available transmission power network. The easy deployment require- and receiver sensitivity, it may well be ment calls for a simple installation necessary to somehow place the antenna a procedure where accurate alignment of the bit higher above ground. Whatever the antennas should not be required. This practical implementation, one needs to further underlines the assumption that high make sure that the achieved gain by doing gain directional antennas will not be too so is not lost in cable losses and poor practical in these applications. antenna efficiency.

Battery based UGS nodes will not be able to use high transmission power, at least for Today's highly mobile precision targe- long periods. Even though the communi- ting operations and digitized networks cation waveforms will utilise all possible extend voice and data communication power saving aspects, high antenna into wider bandwidth than ever before. In addition, electronic warfare equip- efficiency will be very desirable. ment deployed to intercept and coun- termeasure threats set new require- Maybe the single most important property ments for performance and usability of of the antenna affecting the quality of the the antennas. connection of a node to its network, however, is the placement of the antenna COJOT antennas are the results of and the resulting RF path. For a compact more than 10 years' expertise in system which is easy to deploy and for design, development and deployment reasons of low probability of detection of mobile military antennas. We look (LPD) it would seem most convenient to into the future by focusing on emerging requirements, technologies, and res- place the antenna directly on the UGS ponsiveness. node equipment which will be placed on

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CISCO UNIFIED COMMUNICATIONS

CONNECTING PEOPLE AND INFORMATION BETTER FOR AN IMPROVED COMMUNICATIONS EXPERIENCE

Today’s organizations must contend with ever. Cisco Unified Communications increasingly complex communications offers a new way of communicating that is environments featuring a wide array of more personal and timely. Instead of communications methods. Employees, simply connecting products, the Cisco business partners, and customers commu- Unified Communications system provides nicate with one another through infinite structure and intelligence that helps combinations of wired, wireless, and organizations securely integrate their mobile phones; voice messaging; e-mail; communications more closely with busi- fax; mobile clients; and rich media confe- ness processes, and ensure information rencing. reaches recipients quickly, through the most appropriate medium. Too often, however, these tools are not used as effectively as they could be. The result is information overload, lack of agility, and misdirected communications that delay decisions, slow down processes, drive customers away, and reduce productivity. Ineffective communications also result in missed revenue opportunities because businesses are not prepared to Cisco Unified Communications quickly react to market changes. The Cisco Unified Communications IP communications solutions have proven portfolio is part of an integrated solu- their ability to help organizations solve tion for organizations of all sizes that such problems, enabling them to also includes network infrastructure, streamline business processes and reduce security, network management pro- costs. For years, companies of all sizes ducts, wireless and mobile connectivity, and a lifecycle services ap- have been realizing the benefits that proach, along with flexible deployment carrying voice, data, and video communi- and management options, financing cations across a common IP infrastructure packages, and third-party communi- can bring. cations applications.

Real integration, real time, real Cisco Systems Finland Oy benefits Lars Sonckin kaari 16 FI-02600 Espoo, Finland Today, with the Cisco® Unified Commu- Tel: + 358 (0) 204 70 61 nications system of voice, video, mobility, Fax: +358 (0) 204 70 6300 and IP communications products, the www.cisco.fi abovementioned benefits are greater than

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Businesses can collaborate in real time Wherever, whenever using advanced applications such as video conferencing, integrated voice and Web Cisco Unified Communications gives conferencing, voicemail, and more—from companies the ability to efficiently access an integrated, easy-to-use interface on a data on demand, to effectively interact variety of devices—wired or wireless. The with virtual teams all over the world, and solution saves time and helps control costs, to manage these interactions on the go in while improving productivity and compe- real time... as if you were everywhere at titiveness. In a 2005 Sage Research study, once. Every interaction is more valuable. 86 percent of companies using unified Everyone is more efficient. All communi- communications reported that productivity cations are more effective and secure. benefits have grown. More than 60 percent These capabilities allow you to excel in reported savings of three or more hours per today’s fast-paced world and give you the week for each mobile worker. Such studies agility your business needs to continuously confirm that migrating to a unified com- innovate and quickly adapt to today’s ever- munications system provides a substantial changing environment. return on investment (ROI) and a reduced total cost of ownership (TCO). Cisco, (NASDAQ: CSCO), is the worldwide leader in networking that transforms how people connect, communicate and collaborate. Information about Cisco can be found at http://www.cisco.com. For ongoing news, please go to: http://newsroom.cisco.com

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TIETOSAAB SYSTEMS OY EXPERTISE IN DEFENCE AND SECURITY SOLUTIONS

TietoSaab Systems Oy is a Finnish joint within the international defence industry is venture established by TietoEnator and also on the increase. Saab. The company, which develops command, control and information systems Active interaction creates is exclusively specialised in security solu- innovations tions. For the customers, this translates into absolute expertise drawing on decades The wide spectrum of TietoSaab Systems’ of experience. products is one indication of its innovative expertise. Products developed for example TietoSaab’s expertise is composed of for the maritime environment constitute TietoEnator’s operations of more than 40 one product line while another is com- years in the Finnish defence and civil posed of the provision of tailored solutions security business and of the 30-year to the customers. expertise of Elesco, Saab’s Finnish subsidiary, in the development of defence The planning of a specific solution com- systems. TietoSaab’s foremost customers mences from the requirement specifi- comprise the Finnish Defence Forces and cations and general requirements given by civil security authorities in Finland. the customer. The process progresses in Exports are a growing sector, especially in phases to the delivery project, where pro- civil security, but the number of customers duct design is finalised. The product can be

20 AFCEA Helsinki Chapter 10 Years a single software product or a combination Securing transport by sea, which is of several subsystems. The common thing essential for the security of supply for the is that the products are always tailored to society. the customer’s needs understanding his Providing a safe harbour against any requirements. unwanted entrace. Supplementing the surveillance provided Everything is capped by life cycle support by a Vessel Traffic Service. services for the systems. One good Preventing terror acts against cruiser example of this is the aviation logistics ships. system, which manages the aircraft fleet Protection and monitoring of naval and material of the Finnish Air Force. Each and coastal military units. every aircraft component is included in a massive data system which monitors the The system can be operated from any- component throughout its life cycle. The where on the network with multiple system reports issues such as flight hours operators simultaneously performing sur- of the component, the G-forces exerted on veillance duties. it, material fatigue and so on. This optimises the use of materials and gives tremendous savings and efficiency.

Future co-operation through standard products

Demand for complete standard products is a growing challenge in the defence and security industry. This is why TietoSaab is Experienced system integrator developing applications for standard product needs. These applications include The deliveries of TietoSaab Systems management systems, solutions intended are outstandingly based on systems for the naval defence, and tools for integration. The offering is broken down aviation and training planning. into the following sectors: - Precision engagement: command As an example, the MonoRT Radar and control systems related to active Tracker developed for the needs of air engagement and electronic warfare. defence is also suited for other uses. Radar - Protection and mobility: under- Tracker integrates the plots created by the water sensor networks, magnetic target on the radar into a line which can be silencing, influence minesweeping used for reading the velocity and direction and shelter technology. of the target and, on the basis of the radar - Information superiority: command, echo, also its precise properties. control and information systems producing common situation pisture and decision making support. TietoSaab’s offers a newly developed product for underwater surveillance; the TietoSaab Systems Oy Portable Route Surveillance System Tietotie 6, Box 403 02101 Espoo, (SURAMG). SURA is an underwater Finland. Tel. +358 20 7252 000 magnetic trip wire detector. www.tietosaab.com

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ROHDE & SCHWARZ RADIOMONITOROINTIJÄRJESTELMIÄ

Viimeisten vuosien kriisit ovat tuoneet laajemman VHF/UHF taajuusalueen osalta radioviestintään liittyvät radiomonitorointi- ja HF-alueella lisääntyneet tarpeet digitaa- asiat entistäkin vahvemmin alan keskuste- listen lähetteiden vastaanoton osalta. luihin ja uudelleen harkittavaksi. Se on myös heijastunut myönteisesti alan teolli- EM510 on ns. suora vastaanotin, jossa suuden tuotekehityspanoksiin ja uusien tulosignaali ohjautuu suoraan A/D-muunti- innovaatioiden tuloon markkinoille. melle esisuodatuksen jälkeen. Rakenne mahdollistaa 10 MHz:n reaaliaikaisen kais- Saksalainen Rohde & Schwarz on ollut tanleveyden lisäksi erittäin hyvän herkkyy- aina aktiivisesti mukana kehittämässä den ja nopeuden hakuvastaanottimena. radiotiedustelun työkaluja alan ammattilai- Yksi perusominaisuus on myös vastaan- sille. 1930-luvulla kehitettyjen ensimmäis- ottimien hyvä sietokyky voimakkaita ten kentänvoimakkuusmittauslaitteiden ja häiriösignaaleja vastaan. Ne soveltuvat vastaanottimien jälkeen kehitys on ollut hyvin sekä kapea- että laajakaistaisten huimaa. Tämän päivän järjestelmät pohjau- lähetteiden vastaanottoon ja prosessointiin, tuvat RF-tekniikan viimeisiin teknologisiin mihin aiemmin usein tarvittiin erilliset uutuuksiin. vastaanottimet.

Rohde & Schwarz on tiedustelujärjestel- mien keskeisten komponenttien kuten antennien, monitorointivastaanottimien ja suuntimoiden yksi johtavia valmistajia.

Vastaanottimista uusimpia ovat esim. PR100, hyvin pienikokoinen (n. 2 kg) kannettava vastaanotin 9 kHz ...7 GHz:iin. LAN-liitäntä mahdollistaa sen käytön myös kauko-ohjattavana vastaanottimena isommissa järjestelmissä. Sen iso ja selkeä R&S EM510 is a fully digitized HF värinäyttö taas on etu käyttäjälle, kun receiver and covers the frequency range lähdetään ulos kentälle tehtävää suoritta- from 9 kHz to 32 MHz. maan. Koko IF signaalinkäsittely tehdään suori- EM 500-sarjan vastaanottimet kattavat tuskykyisillä signaaliprosessoreilla ja taajuusalueen 9 kHz...32 MHz (EM 510) ja FPGA piireillä. Näin laitteissa itsessään on 20 MHz...3,6 GHz (EM 550). Ne pohjau- tehokkaat suodattimet ja erilaisia signaalin tuvat samaan teknologiaan kuin VXI- evaluointitoimintoja. pohjaisissa järjestelmissämme käytetyt EM010/EM050 vastaanotinmodulit. Ne Tasomittaukset, modulaation mittaukset ja täyttävät mainiosti kasvaneet vaatimukset kaistanleveysmittaukset ovat modernin

22 AFCEA Helsinki Chapter 10 Years vastaanottimen perusominaisuuksia. 34 Rohde & Schwarz on saksalainen elek- GHz/s pyyhkäisynopeus maksimiresoluu- troniikka-alan yritys, jonka päätoimi- tiolla mahdollistaa erityisesti lyhytkestois- paikka on Etelä-Saksassa Münchenis- ten ja taajuushypintälähetteiden vastaan- sä. Yli 70 vuotta sitten perustettu yritys oton ja ilmaisun. Taajuuspyyhkäisyjen on koko historiansa toiminut radioteknii- lisäksi voidaan skannata muistipaikkoja tai kan mittauslaitteiden ja radiojärjestel- kanava-asetusten avulla. mien kehityksen uranuurtajana. Tänä päivän yritys työllistää noin 6800 henki- löä liikevaihdon ollessa n. 1,4 mrd Digitaalisten lähetteiden analysointia var- EUR. Rohde & Schwarz on Euroopan ten vastaanottimille on myös kehitetty suurin mittauslaitevalmistaja sekä joh- valmis PC-ohjelmisto signaalin luokittelua, tava radiojärjestelmien ja monitorointi- bittivirran analysointia ja dekoodausta var- laitteistojen toimittaja. ten. Yleisradio- ja TV lähetintekniikka on Ominaisuuksien ja toimintojen osalta mo- myös aina ollut osana toimintaa ja lemmat vastaanottimet ovat periaatteessa olemme useissa maissa uusien DVB ja identtisiä taajuusaluetta lukuunottamatta. DVB-H verkkojen lähettimien toimittaja. Suomessa olemme olleet pitkäaikaise- na kumppanina asiakkaillemme yli 50 vuoden ajan ja Itsenäinen tytäryhtiö Rohde & Schwarzin Finland perustettiin 1.7.2004.

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CONTROL EXPRESS MILITARY COMPUTERS

CEF WSx Military Computer connectors on the rear wall of the chassis are fully waterproof in accordance with the Designed and manufactured by Control MIL standard. Switches, optical drives, Express Finland Oy, the CEF WSx is a hard disks and the computer’s indicator powerful military computer with particu- LEDs are protected behind a lockable front larly suitable application for vehicles. The mask. Resistance to vibration and shock is CEF WSx military computer is in a sealed ensured by Control Express Finland Oy’s chassis, with cooling effected through heat patented CEF Damper 28 suspension and exchangers. The computer’s heat exchan- shock absorption system. gers allow a low internal temperature to be maintained even though air circulating The most valuable part of a modern mili- within the chassis has no direct contact tary computer is not the apparatus itself but with the air outside. With its sealed design the data on the hard disk. Consequently, the CEF WSx is suited to the most merci- CEF WSx hard disks can be easily less of environments. The CEF WSx has removed from the computer after use by been designed for installation on a standard means of the quick-release hard disk trays width 19” hardware rack. The WSx chassis and transferred, for example, to a strong- is 2U high (88 mm) and its installation box until next required. depth is approximately 50 cm. The CEF WSx military computer complies When closed, the CEF WSx chassis comp- with CE norms and the following EMC lies fully with the requirements for dust standards: MIL STD 461E (1999), Tests penetration and water splashes specified in RS103, CS101, CS114 the IP54 protection classification. External

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Combat Soldier’s Computer design project will benefit in future through the accumulation of user experien- Control Express Finland Oy, in coopera- ce of the prototype series equipment in a tion with the Finnish Defence Forces variety of operational situations. On the Materiel Command, has developed a new strength of this further feedback, and toget- kind of Tablet PC, the Combat Soldier’s her with the customer, we will be able to Computer. continue development of the product towards the final production model.

Control Express Finland Oy (CEF) is Savonlinna-based company designing, manufacturing and marketing military and industrial computers, monitors and communications equipment. Our products are more reliable than normal office hardware and especially designed for demanding conditions. Our company also designs and implements a variety of The Combat Soldier’s Computer comprises automatic and neural network applica- load bearing equipment (LBE) worn over tions, mostly to meet the needs of the other kit, a Tablet PC and a battery. The processing industry. LBE protects the PC from shocks and The special ability of our company lies in moisture, and functions as a carriage supplying custom-made products, tailo- mounting for the battery and maps. red to the needs of individual customers. Dimensions of the Combat Soldier’s This guarantees that our customers Computer are 300 x 240 x 60 mm, and the receive products which match their requirements exactly. Our computerized weight approximately 3 kg. In addition to CAD/CAM design technologies and normal PC technology the equipment modular production line enable us to features an integrated 10” screen and GPS. react quickly to the changing needs of The chassis of the Combat Soldier’s our customers. In addition to customized Computer is protected to IP65 standard in products, CEF also manufactures and respect of dust penetration and water sells standard devices. We import a splashes. large part of the components used in manufacture ourselves in order to Design of the Combat Soldier’s Computer guarantee availability and favourable commenced in August 2006 with a price levels. prototype for the Signals School and Control Express Finland is a member of Military Academy. On the basis of user PICMG, an international organization of feedback and new requirements supplied industrial computer manufacturers, by the customer it was decided to produce whose activities include the development a prototype series of 11 for the Finnish The of standards for industrial computers and their components.

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PROVIDING INTEGRATION FOR NET-CENTRIC WARFARE

Communication systems play vital role during co-operation and joint operations

within our organization and with other In 2001, the Finnish Defence Forces saw a parties. clear need for a new communication solution which bases on a commercial Earlier, the biggest problem was that our product in order to integrate different information system consisted of several systems and perform different functions separate systems that did not communicate simultaneously. This product should also properly with each other. Transferring meet new challenges in mobile warfare data from one system to another was diffi- from a management and command point of cult, since these systems were not compa- view. Traditional technology was conside- tible. Maintenance of these systems red to be limited in its ability to provide became expensive, and our own organiza- sufficient interfaces, flexibility, capacity, tion needed a system that would be mobility, scalability, security and possibili- generally interoperable from one system to ties for decentralized operations. The new another within the Finnish Defence technology should offer higher capacity, Forces” quicker response and more efficient communication for both fixed and mobile troops. This was the basis for the development of the Ascom openAccess® technology and the Ascom Access Node as a first product built upon it.

The Finnish Defence Forces` Communication Needs

In the Finnish Defence Forces, communication and command play a vital role. In recent years the role of communication has changed and become more important than ever before. As colonel Kyösti Halonen Tactical Access Node from the Defence Staff of the Finnish

Defence Forces says: Ascom Access Node in an

Integrator Role “Communication in all of its forms plays a central role in the Finnish Defence Forces. At the moment, the Ascom Access Node With the help of communication and integrates our systems. As the Army, Navy technology, we can utilize our resources and Air Force have different and separate more efficiently.

28 AFCEA Helsinki Chapter 10 Years systems, the Ascom Access Node func- her. With the Ascom Access Node, integ- tions as an integrating interface enabling ration between all these systems is easy. these systems to communicate with each other. On the other hand, the Defence Staff There are several possible roles in inter- is responsible for the Finnish Defence national crisis management operations and Forces’ core network and common servi- joint operations with various public autho- ces. At this interface, the Ascom Access rities. The Access Node integrates incom- Node functions as a device which connects patible communication networks to work the Army, Navy and Air Force to the net- together in these operations as well. work maintained by the Defence Staff. Ascom Access Node technology is ideal Thanks to the Ascom Access Node, diffe- for international collaboration and ensures rent data networks and information sys- interoperability. We have used the Ascom tems now work better together. Access Node technology in a number of crisis management operations such as the “Now we can transfer information electro- peacekeeping operations in Bosnia and nically from one system to another. This Herzegovina, Kosovo and Afghanistan. technology is compatible with various systems used both nationally and inter- Military operations or civilian crisis mana- nationally. Taking a long-term view, it gement operations – the Ascom Access becomes a cost effective solution as well Node fits almost every situation, since it since we don’t use overlapping systems for enables us to utilize existing networks. The the same tasks. Furthermore, this techno- Ascom Access Node can be used if there logy and the network are secure. The are local networks already in place, but it information is standardized in order to be can also be used when building totally new used by every person of our organization. systems. On the other hand, when building This improves our means and capabilities totally new communication architecture in in management and command”, Halonen a disaster area, the Ascom Access Node continues. can be easily moved to be operated by a commercial operator. This means that there Ascom Access Node in International is no need for military personnel to and Cooperational Crisis manage the system in the way there would Management be when a purely military system was used. The Ascom Access Node enables the The benefits of the Ascom Access Node extension and transformation of a military can be attained particularly well in inter- operation into a civilian crisis management national crisis management operations. operation and further into a network Soldiers, civilian authorities and internatio- operated by local operators. nal telecom operators work together in crisis management operations. Some of Esa Kaakinen, Senior Manager at Ascom these operators use their own communica- (Finland) Oy has extensive experience in tion systems, and some of them use the fields of communication and command commercial services. The Ascom Access systems. Concerning the impact of the Node fits well in interfaces where military Ascom Access Node he states: “The organizations, civilian organizations and Ascom Access Node technology has commercial operators should work toget- proven to be a decisive technology in ful- filling the communication needs in crisis

29 AFCEA Helsinki Chapter 10 Years management and disaster relief. Thanks to system changes, only a change of inter- this technology, we are now able to provi- faces is required. There is no need for de versatile solutions for both demanding customizing the system itself for every conditions in the field and broadband change. This means that the Ascom Access service environments in offices. The Node technology is also cost effective. Ascom Access Node is also an excellent Benefits of this system are especially solution for connecting multinational orga- apparent in crisis management operations:

nizations within the same communication when the operation´s lead country changes, infrastructure, without having to give up communication systems traditionally have established working procedures. changed also. With the Ascom Access Node, interoperability problems can be Advantages for the Finnish Defence solved. A lot of times tactical communica- Forces tion equipment is heavy and consumes a lot of power. We benefit from the Ascom In urgent situations a quick response is Access Node´s small size and low energy needed. The Ascom Access Node can be consumption.” easily moved from one location to another. On the other hand, the Ascom Access Cost Efficiency through Node uses internationally standardized Partherships interfaces and commercial technology which makes it a cost effective solution. The Finnish Defence Forces have concen- The Ascom Access Node can be used to trated on partnership programs with diffe- integrate almost any systems. When the rent companies. The goal of the partner-

30 AFCEA Helsinki Chapter 10 Years ship is to secure and lead development, and systems. On the other hand, we have to produce services cost effectively and selected an all-IP approach in the core of reliably. High standards in the partnership the system, making it easy to adapt the and risk management are guaranteed by latest networking developments and guidance and control procedures and features, such as routing protocols, internal management procedures. Relating network security, mobility etc. as part of to this partnership-oriented strategy, the the Ascom solution” tells Olavi Keränen, Finnish Defence Forces have chosen Director, R&D and Engineering from Ascom as a strategic partner for the imple- Ascom (Finland) Oy. mentation and development of integrated communication systems. To colonel Halonen the cooperation between the Finnish Defence Forces and “Right from the beginning the Ascom goal Ascom is very important: ”The only has been to develop a technology platform possible way to find a solution for our using the commercially available proven needs when we don’t have sufficient technology that is used in millions of resources is to develop our systems with systems. Our solution adapts that techno- partners. Our cooperation has been very logy to the demanding needs of the Finnish successful. Our needs as a customer have Defence Forces. On the one hand, Ascom been taken into account very well. We hope made it possible to continue using existing we can have influence on the development networks providing a wide set of adap- work in the future as well.” tation functionality to connect the existing

Attaching the radio relay antennas before elevating the mast: Finnish Army tactical communications system in Combined Endeavour 2000 exercise.

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SAVOX COMMUNICATIONS LEADING INNOVATOR AND DESIGNER OF MISSION CRITICAL RADIO INTERFACE PRODUCTS AND PROFESSIONAL HANDS-FREE SOLUTIONS

As the Finnish technology forerunner Technology at SAVOX Communications SAVOX Communications is the leading is also gradually moving towards digital innovator and designer of performance applications such as video processing, improving mission critical radio interface voice command and control systems. products and professional hands-free Furthermore, verbal communication is solutions. Since 1982, SAVOX Communi- becoming more supported by the exchange cations has provided professionals a of data. In addition to speech, communi- variety of integrated communication cation will also include data such as systems that secure communication in telemetric and biometric readings and posi- demanding conditions. The products are tioning information. used by military, police, fire, rescue and industry professionals. In addition to versatile SAVOX® product portfolio, SAVOX Communications offers complete design and product development services. With in-house R&D, strong project management and cost competitive manufacturing services, innovations can be easily turned into commercialised products.

Continuous R&D, deep understanding of the industry fields and specialized know- how help SAVOX Communications to stay at the cutting edge of communication solutions. All products are designed in close co-operation with the end user, ensuring that the quality and functions will satisfy even the most demanding professionals. As a design-oriented company, SAVOX also emphasizes the usability and unique strategic design of its products. Integrated communication systems and strategically designed products will give room to concentrate on the task at hand.

It is not enough to react to the current Since situational awareness is of key needs of professionals, the forerunner has importance for professionals in combat or to be able to predict the future needs and other challenging environment, communi- outline the used technologies. As other cation has to be secured at all times. technology fields, also SAVOX is entering Constant communication increases aware- the world of wireless solutions. ness and improves the chances of soldier

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survival. The exchange of relevant data opportunities to several kinds of applica- gives more accurate details on soldier tions and it can enable functions such as status, making decision-making under sniper detection, instant identification, pressure easier. Speech and data trans- wireless team vehicle communication or mission technologies have become a unlimited connectivity to war theatre relevant part of modern soldier’s equip- networks. Under development is also the ment and the products used need to meet new SAVOX® waterproof product family, the requirements. As the forerunner of especially designed to meet the water communication technologies, SAVOX tightness requirements for military use. Communications stays at the cutting edge No matter what the application, the of innovations, always introducing state- usability is always prioritised in the design of-the-art technologies and applications of SAVOX® products. that fit the modern battlefield.

SAVOX Communications have designed several products for military use, rugged and watertight bone conduction headsets being its expertise. Currently, SAVOX Communications is strongly focusing on product development projects. Among the Savox Communications Oy Ab technology innovations is STEAM, a new Vitikka 4. FI-02630 Espoo technology platform that enables wireless +358-9-416 4111 00 www.savox.com group communication on the battlefield. This state-of-the-art platform gives various

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DESIGN OF LIGHT-WEIGHT MAST SYSTEM Markku Vuorinen, Mastsystem Int’l Oy, M.Sc.Eng.

Telescopic mast design specific communications mast and antenna systems. Selecting a mast directly from The requirements for designing and selec- manufacturers catalogues can be mislea- ting a good application specific telescopic ding, because it is possible to publish only mast system are set by the communication a part of the system design knowledge. system itself. The most important factors Designing a working system in which all are: parts fit together and optimal performance - Antenna height can be achieved requires close cooperation from three parties: end user, communica- - Antenna system weight; antennas, RF tion system contractor and mast manufac- unit weight, lightning protection, antenna turer’s engineering department. pointing devices, antenna mounting systems (antenna boom, brackets, adapters) and cables - Wind speed requirements; maximum wind speed for deployment and for operation, maximum wind speed for survival - Antenna pointing accuracy at operational wind speed - Mast transportation; mast transportation length, mast transportation equipment - Manual or electrical operation

- General conditions of use and user training Two grid antennas with pointing devices.

The list of design factors is long. It is quite Mast body construction materials clear that some of the factors may well remain open, because the final environ- A good mast body can be economically ment and equipment are simply not known manufactured from three common mate- in detail at the point of designing or rials: steel, aluminium and different selecting a mast for a new communications composites. Choosing best material is nor- system. mally based on elasticity coefficient and specific weight that define the mast length Generally, it is strongly recommended to and weight ratio, corrosion resistance, contact a mast manufacturer at as early transportability and general shock resistan- stage of project as possible for optimizing ce. the performance and cost. Responsible mast manufacturers have good engineering Theoretically steel is the ideal material for and development support resources for constructing different kinds of masts, but designing even difficult and customer for practical reasons it is not possible to utilize the excellent mechanical properties

36 AFCEA Helsinki Chapter 10 Years fully without making the whole structure quite heavy. The best elasticity coefficient and specific weight combination is achieved by using composite materials, typically carbon fibre reinforced composites. Alumi- nium has approximately same elasticity coefficient as carbon fibre composites, but combined with higher specific weight.

For transportable telescopic masts the most suitable material has proven to be composite, which in addition to the light weight has clear advantage over aluminium due to the smaller electrical conductivity. Simula- ted lightning strike tests have clearly shown that properly designed composite masts can survive surprisingly well full lightning strikes without any major dama- ge. Lack of plastic deformation is also an advantage for certain type of shocks and also shooting tests have shown that composite telescope sections do not get stuck 34-metre transportable light-weight mast together after shooting a bullet through a system. bundle of sections. This improves the communication system survivability. Typical mast mechanisms have been different screw drive arrangements and Mast mechanisms mechanisms based on flexible elements such as steel ropes, chains or belts as well Typical required antenna heights for as using pneumatic or hydraulic pressure. Nordic countries are 20 – 35 metres. Most Using pneumatic masts has been limited to important and effective way of eliminating more favourable environmental conditions or minimizing risks during setting up a than in Nordic countries. The pneumatic mast system is to minimize the free masts use the mast section tubes as unsupported mast length during erection. telescopic cylinders. Despite of the simple Technically this means that only masts that and ingenious structure these masts are can be guyed section by section during very vulnerable in demanding environ- erection are safe and applicable. The ments. Any loose particles or ice that can opening sequence of a telescopic mast adhere to the cylindrical outer surface wear sections is normally controlled by a latch the seals between the mast sections very mechanism that locks the upper inner quickly. Any scratch or dent in the alumi- section to the lower outer section until the nium tubes is even more difficult to hand- lower section is fully opened and can be le. The same applies to hydraulic masts to guyed. Masts without latching mechanisms great extent. Screw driven systems are may be used up to 20 m heights with care also quite sensitive for sand and dust. Any and depending on wind conditions as well grease anywhere in any mast gathers dirt as antenna and mast construction.

37 AFCEA Helsinki Chapter 10 Years and dust, which deteriorates the mast long term performance. Aramid ropes have very good strength and weight ratio and they are common- For Nordic environment belt driven masts ly used with larger mast systems. have been choice number one for deman- Polyester is also a reasonable compro- ding applications. Belt drive is not sensiti- mise between strength and handling ve for dust and dirt and compared to other equivalent hoisting mechanisms it is prac- properties due to the considerably tically service free and also a light weight lower price of the material, if the anten- solution. Belts are not conductive which is na pointing accuracy allows using more a clear advantage against lightning strikes. elastic guy ropes. Steel rope systems do evaporate in a frac- tion of a second in a lightning strike, which Future of mast systems results in immediate collapse of the mast system. Typical antenna pointing accuracy requirements have become more critical during Guy stakes the past few years. The higher frequencies and more directive antenna systems require Guy stakes have been subject to extensive nowadays typically a pointing accuracy of material research for extended life. At pre- about ±2 degrees for optimal transmission sent only the best guy stakes made of har- power and reception under all normal dened steels have been the only realistic weather conditions. The antenna pointing solution in Nordic countries. Various accuracy depends on the whole mast screw type guy stakes made of different system and its components. Only by proper materials may work well in certain soft engineering it is possible to guarantee the ground environments, but their life time is system performance. Increased pointing extremely limited in typical Nordic envi- accuracy requirements have lead to stron- ronment, where the ground is frozen for ger and stiffer mast constructions than in large part of every year. the past.

Guy ropes In future we will see even larger and taller masts than today. The tallest transportable Guy ropes are elements that transfer all telescopic composite masts so far have the wind loads from the mast to been 50 m, weighing only 180 kg. ground. Typical materials used for guy The demands of increased mobility and ropes are steel, polyester and aramid quicker setting up of communications sys- core ropes. The main requirements for tems will set new requirements for trans- guy ropes in addition to strength are portability and weight of the whole system. weight, minimal elasticity and general Remotely controlled systems are also one handling properties. Once again steel line of development that will change the has the best mechanical properties, but world of communication. The communi- handling steel ropes in everyday applications vehicles will have more and more cations is not comfortable. Steel ropes equipment, antennas and masts. also have a clear tendency to evaporate in lightning strikes.

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