Annual Report 1 2020 Annual Report

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ANNUAL REPORT 1 2020 ANNUAL REPORT

centers centers disciplines and and disciplines as one network to as to one network spread across more than than more across spread advance international peace. We are more than 150 thinkers are more 150 than thinkers We working together together working perspectives perspectives and doers from diverse and doers diverse from twenty countries and global six 2 2020 ANNUAL REPORT Philanthropy for Peace CONTENTS Financial Statements Making anImpact Board ofTrustees Donors 30 26 21 6 5 programming andoutreach, sharppolicyideas,andever- major powers. Through itsincisive commentary, thoughtful and through intensifying geopolitical competition among challenges thatliebeyond thereach ofany onecountry apathtowardchart cooperation onthemajorglobal before us,Carnegieremains uniquelypositionedto help Amid thepandemicanduncertainnew era unfolding is clearer andmore thanever. important the CarnegieEndowment for International Peace’s mission In ayear thathasdemonstrated thefragility ofglobalorder, Letter From theChair Penny Pritzker Sincerely, difficult globalperiodstronger than ever. I amconfident thatCarnegiewillemerge from this quickly pivoted to operating underdifficult conditions. colleagues worldwide adapted to thepandemicand and scholars. Iamalsoproud oftheway my Carnegie partnership withBillBurnsandCarnegie’s terrific staff I amvery proud to leadtheBoard ofTrustees, andofour the organization. improving diversity, equity, andinclusionatevery level of strongly supportive ofCarnegie’s renewed commitment to challenges across oursixglobalcenters. Iamalso itself andaproven enthusiasmfor tacklingthorny new demonstrated anextraordinary capacity for reinventing andadvisethisinstitution.Thesupport Carnegieteam has Alongside adedicated group oftrustees, Iamhonored to meets thisprofound momentoftesting headon. more impressive globalnetwork ofscholars, Carnegie

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Maurice R. Greenberg Chair Carnegie India Carnegie Haenle Paul Policy, Global for Center Carnegie–Tsinghua Trenin Dmitri Center Moscow Carnegie Yahya Maha Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center CENTER DIRECTORS CENTER DIRECTORS Balfour Rosa Carnegie Europe Chaudhuri Rudra

en diversity, equity, and inclusion at every level of Carnegie. level and inclusion at every equity, en diversity, landscape, our fundraising a challenging philanthropic Despite with major gifts ahead of schedule, from campaign is well years five After and foundations. other donors, our board, for grateful not be more I could president, as Carnegie’s I be more nor could receive, to continue all the support we colleagues. my of work of the extraordinary appreciative Sincerely, Bill Burns the post-pandemic world. We renamed our center in Beirut our center renamed We world. the post-pandemic American scholar the wonderful Kerr, in honor of Malcolm in the region a sign of our investment world, of the Arab the from which is still recovering and especially in Lebanon, long-standing social, and facing August in horrible explosion an important began new We and political issues. economic, in neighbors Russia’s facing on the challenges initiative made the South Caucasus and other parts of the region, of Aso Tavitian, and thoughtfulness the generosity by possible last spring. away and friend who passed trustee a remarkable strength plan of action to an ambitious new adopted And we

and Administration and James Family Chair and Angela Nomellini Chair Nomellini Angela and Andrew S. Weiss S. Andrew Vice President for Studies, Marwan Muasher Marwan Vice President for Studies George Perkovich Vice President for Studies, Ken Olivier RauschAlison PresidentVice Development for Sanoff Melissa Officer Financial Chief Sport Lynne Senior Director, Human Resources

Team

and Strategy and Harvey Fineberg V. Chair Vice President for Communications Communications for President Vice Ian Gottesman Ian Officer Information Chief Magnuson Lucas Laura Chief Operating Officer Operating Chief Evan A. Feigenbaum Vice President for Studies Senior Vice President for Studies, Dibble Elizabeth William J. Burns J. William President Carothers Thomas Management Management our first-ever also put together we 2020, In fall and video of essays a compendium digital magazine, and navigating understanding segments aimed at better policy work better for the American middle class, drawing drawing the American middle class, for better policy work well beyond heartlandwork in states of field years on two beltway. the Washington out Africa, and plan to launch it with a new director in director it with a new launch and plan to out Africa, Carnegie by organized A bipartisan early 2021. task force U.S. foreign make to on how report an innovative produced the quality of our policy analyses and prescriptions. of our policy analyses the quality based program, Africa a new funding for secured We’ve of partners through with a network initially in Washington viewership. For the first time ever, Carnegie was ranked ranked was Carnegie ever, time the first For viewership. the to tribute as the best think tank in the world—a to built, and and staff have that our scholars respect 110-year history. Our overall digital following has grown has grown digital following Our overall history. 110-year with records new reached have as we dramatically, and video events and social engagement, traffic, website commitment of my colleagues across Carnegie’s six Carnegie’s across colleagues of my commitment have we past tumultuous year, this Over global centers. other time in our than at any productive been more In this complicated and uncertain world—beset by the by world—beset and uncertain In this complicated and international dysfunction, pandemic, domestic and of the resilience deeply proud remain disorder—I Letter From the President President the From Letter 4 2020 ANNUAL REPORT are seeingglobally. we collectively don’tget ahandleontheexploitation we trying to police themselves, theeffects willbeprofound if around theworld. Though socialmediacompanies are co-opted by foreign anddomesticactors incountries media, it’s clearthatourway ofcommunicating isbeing understand andblockintrusionsinto ourutilities.Onsocial we alsohave usedadvancements inAIto intelligently these canandare beingexploited. Ontheotherhand, tracking ofindividualsthrough location-based services, On AI,for instance, facial recognition, computer vision,the while employing thetechnology we need. and standards would helpmitigate thedownsides we see media andwhatkindofgeopolitical andeconomic systems independent, objective analysis oftheimpactsocial for anopeningfor badactors. Itisvitalthatwe have create advances bothimportant butalsoaperfect storm is converging withthematurity intelligence ofartificial to four years. The openness ofoursocialmediaplatforms The tech landscapehaschanged dramatically inthelast government together to tackletheseissues? you seetherole ofthink tanks inbringingindustry and and disinformation. Asaleaderintech how startups, do cloud governance, international standards andnorms, cantly over thepast few years, withnew on efforts Carnegie’s tech andcyberprogram hasgrown signifi IBRAHIM MAHA Q&A WITHCARNEGIE TRUSTEE - just from minority employees orafew loudvoices. This is What feels different isthatthecall to actionis coming not whether government, nonprofit, or for-profit. on diversity asacriticalcomponent oforganizations, Lives Matter movement isarenewed, even new, emphasis having theterrible deathofGeorge after Floyd andtheBlack abouttheconversationsbeen soimportant we have been The conversation around diversity isnotnew, butwhathas outcomes for policymakers andbusiness leaders? How doyou seetheconnection between DEIandbetter diversity ofvoices amongourstaff andonourplatforms. Carnegie’salso supported efforts to increase the You have beenachampionfor women intech andhave is more relevant thanever. untangle alltheseissues, soCarnegie’s work inthisspace There isaneedfor fresh approaches anddeepthinkingto efforts to bringnew anddiverse perspectives to its work. and policyworld aswell, Carnegie’s andIamgladto support that are homogeneous. That issurely truefor thethinktank management teams performing ata higher level thanthose In business, myriad studiespointto diverse boards and investing inamore equitablefuture. table, from allwalks oflife, are committed to creating and becomes amantra thatwe live by, thatallvoices around the improve the system to everyone. Myhopeisthatdiversity burden for action,from beingataskfor thosetryingto That thisconversation, to shifting issoimportant andthe speaking—being populated by peopleofallbackgrounds. talking to ourselves. Now Iseetheserooms—metaphorically speaker was awoman oraperson ofcolor. We have been have beenonplenty ofpanelsaboutdiversity where every the majority. Like many others whocare aboutthisissue, I equal platforms andaccess are coming from members of the first timethatIcan remember thatthecalls for more

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. He

1984

and joined the ’s annual list of ’s Time 1980 . , most influential people. 100 2016

100 to 2000 He began his career at the French at the French his career He began Ministry in Finance Department in Treasury French of La on the boards serves also currently Nationale des Sciences Fondation and HSBC. Politiques the U.S. Business Council, he was the was he Council, the U.S. Business on the representative sector private for High Panel general’s UN secretary being include His awards Sustainability. on Time listed the world’s Castries de Henri Senior and Europe Chairman Montaigne; Institut President, Adviser, General Atlantic; Vice Chairman and Lead Nestlé Director, Independent of Institut Henri de Castries is president the EMEA Montaigne, senior adviser for and vice Atlantic, of General region and of directors chairman of the board of Nestlé. He lead independent director of AXA as the chairman and CEO served from New Trustees New BalsillieJim International for Centre Chair, and Founder for Institute Co-founder, Innovation; Governance Thinking Economic New chairman Jim Balsillie is the former In Motion Research of and co-CEO of He is the co-founder (BlackBerry). Thinking, Economic New for the Institute and of Canadian Innovators, the Council Governance International for the Centre Innovation. to appointed only Canadian ever The

VICE CHAIR VICE Steven A. Denning Atlantic General Chairman, Senior Counselor, Brunswick Group Brunswick Counselor, Senior George Siguler Director, Managing and Partner Founding Company and Guff Siguler Ratan N. Tata Chairman, Trusts Tata Rohan S. Weerasinghe Citi Secretary, Corporate and Counsel General Yichen Zhang Chairman and CEO, Limited Holdings Capital CITIC Robert Zoellick Director, Enterprise Asset Management Parekh J. Deven Partners Insight Director, Managing Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein Commissioner High Nations United Former for Human Rights Victoria Ransom Former CEO, Wildfire and Director of Product, Google L. Rafael Reif Technology of Institute Massachusetts President, Adebayo Ogunlesi Adebayo Global Partner, Managing and Chairman Partners Infrastructure Okonjo-Iweala Ngozi Chair, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance Kenneth E. Olivier Past Chairman and CEO, Dodge & Cox Oppenheimer Jonathan Generations Oppenheimer Director, Catherine James Paglia Sunil BhartiSunil Mittal Enterprises Bharti Chairman, and Founder

Chairman, Value Retail PLC Chairman of the Board of Directors, Swiss Re Ltd. Scott Malkin D. Maha Ibrahim Maha Partners Canaan Partner, General Walter B. Kielholz Patricia HousePatricia Vice Chairman of the Board, C3.ai Jane Hartley Jane Former U.S. Ambassador to France and Monaco President, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Betty Moore and Gordon President, Finucane Anne Vice Chairman, Bank of America Senior Adviser, General Atlantic; Vice Chairman Nestlé Director, Independent Lead and FinebergHarvey V. International Peace Castries de Henri and Europe Chairman Montaigne; Institut President, William J. Burns for Endowment Carnegie President, Managing Director, Allen & Company Burke David Chief Executive Officer, Selby LaneLLC C. K. Birla Group Birla CK Chairman, Bradley Bill Founder and Chair, Centre for International International for Centre Chair, and Founder for Institute Co-founder, Innovation; Governance Thinking Economic New Former Special Representative for the U.S. Department of State; Chairman of SBI/Cellular One BalsillieJim Group Chief Executive, Petrofac Limited Petrofac Executive, Chief Group Elizabeth Bagley F. Ayman Asfari Ayman Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker Penny Chairman of PSP Partners and Pritzker Realty Group; Chairman of Inspired Capital Partners; Former U.S. Board of Trustees Board CHAIR MAHA MAHA IBRAHIM 6 2020 ANNUAL REPORT 7 2020 ANNUAL REPORT

seamlessly to cross-pollinate ideas and seek seek and ideas cross-pollinate to seamlessly questions. big to answers unrivaled expertise in geopolitics, technology, technology, geopolitics, in expertise unrivaled together policy—work and foreign economics, Now more than ever, amid a pandemic and and a pandemic amid more ever, than Now countless other gobal challenges, Carnegie’s international scholars—drawing on their share grounded analysis to help leaders and leaders help to and groundedshare analysis smart, decisions. informed make policymakers Our network of more than 150 experts experts 150 than more of Our network to placed uniquely is centers global six across 8 2020 ANNUAL REPORT Coronavirus Compilations A Sobering Landscape A Sobering Coronavirus in Conflict Zones: Frances Z. Brown, editors Brown, Z. Frances Jarrett Blanc and

Srinath R Rhea Menonand t South South h e Coronavirus Asia’s aghavan, editors

Ba ttle

With

O’Donohue, editors O’Donohue, Thomas Carothersand Andrew Polarization and the Pandemic 9 2020 ANNUAL REPORT

Global Society Civil in the Coronavirus of Shadow editor Youngs, Richard As people sought out answers online, our audience online, our audience As people sought out answers nearly by increased sites center all of our across Our year. the previous to million in comparison three 8.5 million unique page- million to 5.7 from rose reach demand this heightened to In response in 2020. views published a variety Carnegie scholars information, for COVID-19 of analyzing the effect compilations, of essay and regions. of issues range on a broad As the virus spread around the world, Carnegie’s scholars scholars Carnegie’s the world, around As the virus spread volume publishing an unprecedented at work, hard were across effects devastating on the pandemic’s of analysis and regions. of issues range a broad - Dmitri Trenin, Eugene Rumer, and Andrew S. Weiss and Andrew Rumer, Eugene Dmitri Trenin, Steady State: State: Steady Foreign Russian Coronavirus After Policy Dmitri Trenin, Eugene Rumer, and and Rumer, Eugene Trenin, Dmitri Andrew S. Weiss Steady State: Russian Foreign Policy After Coronavirus

How the Coronavirus Tests theHow Coronavirus Tests Democracy European editor Youngs, Richard ing innovative multimedia content, it has already it has already content, multimedia ing innovative readers. than 70,000 more reached technology, and geopolitics, to inform the choices the choices inform to and geopolitics, technology, the world. all over decisionmakers and of leaders featur A beautifully designed digital magazine Navigating a Post-Pandemic World” analyzed analyzed World” a Post-Pandemic Navigating affairs, on foreign the impact of the coronavirus once-in-a-generation moment, Carnegie launched moment, Carnegie once-in-a-generation the noise cut through to of essays a collection After: Day ahead. “The the road and illuminate The coronavirus pandemic has upended the way pandemic has upended the way coronavirus The this At and do business. communicate, people live, PANDEMIC WORLD PANDEMIC NAVIGATING A POST- NAVIGATING THE DAY AFTER: AFTER: DAY THE 10 2020 ANNUAL REPORT of Chinese actors’ experiences. own policycommunity learnmore fullyfrom thediversity Western engagement intheGlobalSouth;andhelpChina’s portive ofsocietiesandeconomies; provide lessons for players to better channelChinese energies to besup between Western andChinese policymakers; enablelocal power. Policy prescriptions shouldhelpto reduce friction more granular andcomparative view oftheriseChinese in sixregions oftheworld, theinitiative willdevelop a touchpoints. Through curated research andother programs cussion ofChina’s globalrole by investigating thesemany bysupported theFord Foundation, aimsto broaden dis “China—Local/Global,” amultiyear Carnegieinitiative ing andassimilating localforms, norms,andpractices. working through localactors andinstitutionswhileadapt its globalinfluence notjust by its modelbut exporting by the world. Yet itisbecoming clearthatChina isextending China isexporting elementsofitsdevelopmental modelto LOCAL/GLOBAL CHINA—

- - - and cooperation intheArctic. Trenin’s contribution focused on Sino-Russian competition other priorities.CarnegieMoscow Center Director Dmitri facial recognition tools to dealwiththepandemic and both governments are exploiting digital surveillance and China’s growing presence in Russia’s Far Eastandhow the CarnegieMoscow Center’s podcasthave addressed impact ofthepandemic.Gabuev-hosted episodesof Sino-Russian partnershipinthedigitalrealm andthe and theRussian press, Gabuev hasexamined the growing publishedinthe In articles Central Asia,Europe, theUnited States, andEastAsia. initial findings to senior government leaders from Russia, has conducted briefingsonthe Pax Sinicaproject andhis ground for anew Beijing-centered regional order. Gabuev ines how Russia anditsneighbors could become atesting Center’s Alexander Gabuev, thePax Sinicaproject exam logical, andfinancialdomains.Led by CarnegieMoscow expand itsinfluence inthegeopolitical, security, techno China isquietlyexploiting Russia’s withtheWest rift to PAX SINICA conference. the U.S.Indo-Pacific Command’s 2020 Chiefs of Defense Tata Chair for Strategic Affairs Ashley J. Tellis speaks at Security intheIndo-Pacific Financial Times , Foreign Policy

- , - 11 2020 ANNUAL REPORT - - (right) speak to Schwarzman scholars at a 2019 event in Beijing. event scholars at a 2019 Schwarzman (right) speak to Maurice R. Greenberg Director’s Chair Paul Haenle (left) and Rudra Chaudhuri Chaudhuri (left) and Rudra Haenle Chair Paul Director’s R. Greenberg Maurice In April, the Carnegie–Tsinghua Center found creative creative found Center In April, the Carnegie–Tsinghua in anniversary its tenth celebrate to and meaningful ways a video, pandemic: an anniversary the midst of the global a virtual stakeholders, to message colleague” special “dear Center’s of the Carnegie–Tsinghua of the alumni reunion social and a dedicated Program, Ambassadors Young media campaign. to has been committed the last decade, the center Over com solutions to identifying constructive of its mission conducted research advancing by mon global challenges a unique providing scholars, and international Chinese by gen the next dialogue, and training high-level for platform partners at Tsinghua support from With of leaders. eration the globe, the across stakeholders and from University to approach a collaborative foster to is continuing center how and with the world is engaging China analyzing how a changing China. to is responding the world

continued to mentor scholars from all the cohorts to date. date. to all the cohorts from scholars mentor to continued engaged with them on timely foreign policy issues and issues policy with them on timely foreign engaged Further policy. in foreign a career insights into provided Haenle Paul Director Center Carnegie–Tsinghua more, this year, they were given the opportunity to seek career seek career the opportunity to given were they this year, Bill Burns during the Carnegie President from advice Annual Address, of Tomorrow Global Leaders exclusive in which he scholars with the Schwarzman a discussion interns at the center, Schwarzman scholars have gained gained have scholars Schwarzman at the center, interns think world-class working in a of experience first-hand end of their program the approached tank. As the scholars spanning China’s engagement with the world. with the world. engagement spanning China’s as and working program training a practical Through strong partnership for the past three years. Through this Through years. the past three for partnership strong has provided Center Carnegie–Tsinghua the partnership, with meet and engage to the scholars opportunities for policy issues foreign key discuss to Carnegie experts The Carnegie–Tsinghua Center and the Schwarzman and the Schwarzman Center Carnegie–Tsinghua The master’s one-year highly selective program—a Scholars had a in Beijing—have University at Tsinghua program

ANNIVERSARY ANNIVERSARY TENTH TENTH CENTER’S CENTER’S TSINGHUA TSINGHUA CARNEGIE– Schwarzman Scholars Partnership Scholars Schwarzman Carnegie–Tsinghua Center and Center Carnegie–Tsinghua 12 2020 ANNUAL REPORT BALFOUR ROSA a diversity ofvoices in allfacets ofitswork. its policyanalysis andrecommendations andembracing global network, integrating interdisciplinary research into both European capitalsand theCarnegieEndowment’s In doingso, Carnegie Europe isstrengthening itstiesto center’s community ofdecisionmakers andstakeholders. analysis andcreating space for debate, by enhancingthe reputation ofproviding excellent European foreign policy Under herleadership, CarnegieEurope isfortifyingits foreign andsecurity policy. inEuropeanexpertise politics,institutions, and Fund oftheUnited States, shehasextensive joined inApril.Formerly withtheGermanMarshall Rosa Balfour, CarnegieEurope’s new director,

NEW DIRECTOR CARNEGIE EUROPE’S

world to Brussels. as itsability to connect Brussels to theworld andthe event showcased thecenter’s regional influence, as well examined globalchallenges andEurope’s new role. The for Foreign Affairs andSecurity Policy JosepBorrell Fontelles Carnegie Europe’s Julyevent withEUHighRepresentative Europe’s Role Global Disorders and

13 2020 ANNUAL REPORT ------International Strategy to Better Better to Strategy International System the Financial Protect Threats Cyber Against NELSON AND ARTHUR TIM MAURER G7 deliberations next year. year. next G7 deliberations implementation, a Decem in the strategy’s step As a first FinCyber Carnegie’s by organized conference ber 2020 Monetary Fund, the International together brought team 150 and over Forum, Economic Bank, the World the World and cybersecurity to dedicated an event participants for the strategy. in outlined pillars six of inclusion, one financial FinCyber Project FinCyber an unprece going through is system global financial The by is being accelerated which digital transformation, dented the globe around banks pandemic. Central the coronavirus cur behind digital weight their throwing considering are this pivotal At systems. and modernizing payment rencies undermine trust and derail could moment, when a breach than ever. essential is more cybersecurity innovations, re Initiative Policy Cyber Carnegie’s this risk, address To outlining an “Internation 2020 in November leased a report Against System the Financial Protect Better to al Strategy of an international on the expertise It draws Threats.” Cyber as well than 200 stakeholders, and more advisory group at the Carnegie hosted game as the insights of a cyber war in collabora Developed Conference. Munich Security 2020 provides the strategy Forum, Economic tion with the World Thought online threats. combat to vision of how a long-term ex and industry have governments, banks, in central leaders with the governor its recommendations, support for pressed the will inform of the Bank of England stating that the report

to a networked problem.” problem.” a networked to Philanthropist Craig Newmark, founder of craigslist, of craigslist, founder Newmark, Craig Philanthropist a field that is badly is helping create said that the “PCIO and warfare information from threats address needed to approach a networked fostering by operations, influence project driven by fellows of the Assembly:Disinformation of the Assembly:Disinformation fellows by driven project Berkman Klein Center. University’s at Harvard forum platforms when they have removed disinformation disinformation removed have when they platforms Instagram, Facebook, campaigns, including Reddit, is a partner database The and Twitter. Google, YouTube, to counter them. counter to a searchable is Disinfodex, One timely PCIO project online made by database of all the public disclosures network of twenty-eight advisers and partners, it is and partners, advisers of twenty-eight network influence assessing for standards guild-like promoting of efforts and measuring the effectiveness operations on data and analysis from these stakeholders to create create to these stakeholders from on data and analysis about influence known what is currently baselines for a them. And, through counter to and how operations The Partnership for Countering Influence Operations Operations Influence Countering for Partnership The these bridges Alicia Wanless, Carnegie’s led by (PCIO), their collective improve to in order communities disparate PCIO draws The capacity. and policymaking knowledge governments, the tech industry, media, academia, and industry, the tech governments, civil society. Influence operations are disrupting democracies all disrupting democracies are operations Influence counter will be made to little progress Yet the world. over without closer partnership among operations influence OPERATIONS OPERATIONS INFLUENCE INFLUENCE COUNTERING COUNTERING FOR PARTNERSHIP PARTNERSHIP 14 2020 ANNUAL REPORT POSTURE REVIEW NUCLEAR orthodox “left/right” or “deterrer/disarmer” or “left/right” orthodox thinking about disarmamentanddeterrence, whichchallenged acknowledge aspositive. Healsopublished two essays identify steps thateachcould take thattheothers would ing sidesclarifytheircontentions about eachotherand Through bothinitiatives, Perkovich soughtto helpoppos on Creating anEnvironment for NuclearDisarmament. ofState’sas anadviserto theU.S.Department initiative possess nuclearweapons andthosethatdo;second, encouraging cooperation between states that donot which soughtto strengthen nuclearnonproliferation by Substantive Advancement ofNuclearDisarmament, Foreign Affairs Ministry’s Group ofEminent Persons for ment initiatives: first, asaU.S.memberoftheJapanese Nomellini Chair, two supported governmental disarma George Perkovich, whoholds theKen OlivierandAngela for theincoming presidential administration. producing amodelU.S.nuclearposture review debates ondisarmamentanddeterrence and progress toward two goals: bridginginternational Carnegie NuclearPolicy Program madeimportant Foundation andtheEdgerton Foundation, the With generous from support theMacArthur

- - by former international defense and armscontrol officials. able text, whichsuccessfully appearsone,” asa‘bipartisan’ provocative inthebestsenseofword,” and“a remark the report was describedas“thorough and, attimes, experts from theUnited States, Europe, Russia, andChina, Widely read by seniorgovernment advisers andnuclear complexities posedby new technologies. arms control initiatives to engage China andaddress the ballistic missile defenses; andoffers examples ofnew the orthodoxy thatforbids negotiating limitsonnational ly, to renounce launch-on-warning options;challenges weapons from theU.S.nuclearforce posture and,related use); urges steps to eliminate themostdestabilizing recommends anew declaratory policy(short ofnofirst that do(andnot)necessitate U.S.nucleardeterrence; clear policies.This modelposture review assesses threats congressional staff, andothers to shapeand explain nu recommendations for theincoming Bidenadministration, Model NuclearPosture Review” to provide analysis and Policy Program prepared “Proportionate Deterrence: A With Carnegie’s Pranay Vaddi, Perkovich andtheNuclear much istoo much. about how muchnuclearforce isenoughto deter andhow - - - 15 2020 ANNUAL REPORT -

The network is part of the X-Border Conflict, Evidence, Evidence, Conflict, is part of the X-Border network The of the UK a component program, and Trends Policy It Office. and Development Commonwealth, Foreign, the Asia Foundation with is also run in partnership Institute. and the Rift Valley In December, the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East H. Kerr the Malcolm In December, under the theme its annual conference, hosted Center faced in which Lebanon a year After of global renewal. grappled challenges, mounting political and economic explosion, August the and endured with the coronavirus, has center the offices, the center’s which devastated itself as well. renew to ability remarkable demonstrated regional staff and of its dedicated the resilience Through such work has produced the center of scholars, network on civilian-military rela website ground-breaking as a new Lebanon” “Decoding and a popular world tions in the Arab place a young scholars series, alongside its blogs that offer and reform. renewal of Arab the future debate to Ghanem and including Dalia the region, from Scholars original research extensive produced Ahmed Nagi, have these border into and stunning original visual essays of neglected seen world a rarely exploring areas, smuggling networks. and covert hinterlands At a virtual event honoring the legacy of Malcolm Kerr, CNN’s Christiane CNN’s Kerr, of Malcolm the legacy honoring a virtual event At of the International Director Muasher, Marwan Carnegie’s Amanpour, Asia Department, Azour, Jihad and Central Middle East Fund’s Monetary the ten-year left) top look toward from and Ben Rhodes (clockwise from remarks also featured event Spring. The of the Arab anniversary Kerr. Bill Burns, and Ann Maha Yahya,

CENTER MIDDLE EAST MIDDLE KERR CARNEGIE CARNEGIE KERR MALCOLM H. H. MALCOLM until his assassination in 1984. until his assassination children. He later completed his PhD at Johns Hopkins completed He later children. and did Studies School of International University In 1982, of Oxford. at the University work postdoctoral he served where of AUB, president appointed was Kerr workers. He studied at Princeton before moving back to back to moving before He studied at Princeton workers. During this time, at AUB. his master’s complete to Lebanon with whom he had four Kerr, Ann Zwicker he met his wife, and the region. and the region. in Beirut, the son of humanitarian born in 1931 was Kerr discuss, and write their own future. Especially in light of future. their own and write discuss, is a the renaming in Beirut in August, explosion the tragic Lebanon in investment long-term of Carnegie’s reflection University of Beirut (AUB). The center will carry on Kerr’s will carry on Kerr’s center The of Beirut (AUB). University a of spirit, and generosity honesty, of intellectual legacy provide to continuing by of the region belief in the promise debate, to thinkers of Arab generation the next for a space In October, Carnegie renamed its Middle East Center its Middle East Center Carnegie renamed In October, scholar of an American H. Kerr, in honor of Malcolm of the American president the Middle East and former of political, economic, and social dynamics in conflict- of political, economic, goods, of people, and the flows borderlands, affected them. and ideas that connect North Africa, particularly in border areas. Through its on- Through areas. particularlyNorth in border Africa, the and local researchers, of scholars network the-ground our understanding improve to has been working center of Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Syria, Tunisia, Tunisia, Syria, Kuwait, Jordan, Egypt, Iraq, of Algeria, assess is to of its research A primary focus and Yemen. and human intervention, external conflicts, internal how shaping the Middle East and are and displacement loss As part of the X-Border Local Research Network, the Network, Research Local As part of the X-Border has Carnegie Middle East Center H. Kerr Malcolm borderlands in the complex research been conducting X-Border Project X-Border 16 2020 ANNUAL REPORT its ambitionsandlimitations. By reinventing itsrole in practice ofAmericanpower, findingabalance between Instead, theUnited States mustreinvent thepurposeand of undisputed American primacy. retrenching the United States mustmove beyond thedebate between foreign policy. At suchaprecarious moment,Burnsargued, by thepandemicandoutlinedfateful choices for U.S. In theessay, hesurveyed thegeopolitical damage wrought mirror, andamore anarchical order loomingdimlybeyond.” tional landscape],withAmericandominance intherearview into one ofthoserare momentsoftransition [on theinterna Carnegie President BillBurnswrote that“we have drifted In afar-reaching essay publishedby the by CarnegiePresident BillBurns “The United States NeedsaNew Foreign Policy” behindournationalborders or Atlantic restoring inJuly, anera - for usby otherplayers andforces.” for self-repair” and“shape ourfuture, before itgets shaped summon “our mostexceptional nationaltrait: ourcapacity there remains awindow ofopportunityfor Americansto Emerging from thewreckage andfragility ofthepandemic, could notbestarker, more urgent, ormore consequential. Burns warned thatthechoices for U.S.foreign policy greatest geopolitical challenge. nology; andmanagingcompetition withChina, America’s weapons ofmass destructionandtherevolution intech global challenges, from climate change andpandemicsto patchworks ofinternational coalitions to address grand pursuing more inclusive economic growth; assembling interrelated domesticrenewal priorities:supporting and the world, U.S.foreign policymustreorient around three Wong, a2019–2020 JamesC.GaitherJuniorFellow, the in April2020. Created by Thomas Carothers andDavid Governance Program launchedtheGlobalProtest Tracker fast-moving trend, Carnegie’s Democracy, Conflict, and makers, journalists,scholars, andothers keep upwiththis countries across theglobeinrecent years. To helppolicy A surge ofanti-government protests hasroiled politicsin TRACKER PROTEST GLOBAL an audience ofnearly54,000. most successful interactive digitaldatabases,reaching Since itslaunch,thetracker hasbecome oneofthe triggers, key motivations, duration, size, and outcomes. significant anti-government protests, evaluating their interactive tracker compiles up-to-date information on

- - 17 2020 ANNUAL REPORT - - - port that distills these priorities into an actionable foreign port an actionable foreign that distills these priorities into that can find support on both sides of the policy agenda of middle adopts a wider view this agenda aisle. Crucially, a broad these priorities into incorporating interests, class together, that, when taken policy realms of foreign array the secu policy to of U.S. foreign a rededication amount to of the middle class. well-being and economic rity policy agenda. This multiyear effort began with three case with three began effort multiyear This policy agenda. and Ne Colorado, in Ohio, studies of attitudes and trends the American heartland how understand better to braska, the traditional policy beyond foreign of discussions fits into and immigration. silos of trade re a finalized the task force of interviews, hundreds After

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nomic concerns into its policy formulation processes. To To processes. its policy formulation into nomic concerns a bipartisan task force convened Carnegie this gap, bridge foreign new to shape a officials administration of former Historically, the U.S. foreign policy community has done a has policy community U.S. foreign the Historically, distributional and domestic eco poor job of incorporating American households want to see better manage see better to American households want amid and risks downsides ment of globalization’s at home. stresses economic growing public support for international trade and U.S. trade public support international for many strong, relatively remain abroad leadership Americans today are divided and uncertain about divided and uncertain are Americans today Although abroad. States of the United the role MIDDLE CLASS TASK FORCE FORCE TASK MIDDLE CLASS POLICY FOR THE THE FOR POLICY U.S. FOREIGN U.S. interests abroad. abroad. U.S. interests White House spokesperson, moderated a virtual event with members of the a virtual event moderated House spokesperson, White Price, Dan Engel, Rozlyn force Class task the Middle for Policy U.S. Foreign a build to discussed how left). top They from (clockwise Sullivan and Jake that meets the needs of the middle class at home—and policy agenda foreign Jen Psaki, former Carnegie vice president for communications and incoming and incoming communications for president vice Carnegie former Jen Psaki, 18 2020 ANNUAL REPORT Global Technology Summit. of innovation withMicrosoft CEO Satya Nadella duringthe2020 (left) Carnegie Trustee and Board Chair Penny Pritzker (right)discussesthefuture politics ofanincreasingly digitalworld. and technology—a significant terrain intheinternational India’s uniquepositionatthecriticalintersection ofpolicy than fifteen countries, GTS 2020 showcased Carnegie digital cooperation. With thousandsofattendees from more data privacy, biotechnology, financialinclusion,andglobal they discussed significant technological issues relating to executive officer oftheSerumInstitute ofIndia. Together, manufacturing solutions,suchasAdar Poonawalla, chief Corporation; andthoseattheforefront ofIndia’s vaccine officer ofMicrosoft; Nobuhiro Endo, thechairmanof NEC representatives includedSatya Nadella,thechiefexecutive scholars, andinfluentialmembers ofcivilsociety. Industry ministers, prominent tech entrepreneurs, academics, Nigeria, Vietnam, andothers—and top Indiangovernment from seven countries includingAustralia, Austria, Togo, tinguished speakers, includingworld leaders—ministers The summitbrought together more thaneighty-five dis issues around thethemeof“GeopoliticsTechnology.” and scholars from around theworld to debate pertinent December 2020 convened policymakers, industryexperts, India’s annualGlobal fifth Technology Summit (GTS) in Hosted onafullyintegrated platform, virtual Carnegie SUMMIT TECHNOLOGY GLOBAL

Anahita Speaker Series economy. policy concepts around technology, security, andpolitical virtually, practitioners andexpertsdemystify complex professionals. During thesessions, whichare now held of interactive workshops designedfor studentsandyoung KnowledgeTransfer@CarnegieIndia isanongoing series @CarnegieIndia KnowledgeTransfer sociopolitical understanding oftheworld andhow itworks. crises like thecoronavirus, thereby bridginggaps inour of ground-reporting inIndiato policymakingduringglobal discussions have ranged from gender-specific challenges of women pioneers inIndiaandaround theworld. These ers to learnfrom theprofessional andpersonal journeys students, young professionals, diplomats,andpolicymak Speaker Serieshasprovided anessential platform for With more thanadozen sessions sofar, theAnahita Lahariya, India’s onlywomen-led rural mediachannel. Service officers, and Kavita Devi, thedigitalheadofKhabar Manjari Jaruhar, oneofIndia’s first female Indian Police the serieshashosted adiverse range ofleaders, including and theirprofessional experiences. LaunchedinApril2019, women’s speaker serieshighlightinginspiringwomen collaboration withtheVedica Scholars, is amonthly Carnegie India’s AnahitaSpeaker Series,organized in

- 19 2020 ANNUAL REPORT

virtual space, which had positive effects on our reach and on our effects which had positive virtual space, limited were events in-person Carnegie’s accessibility. participants, the distance and by for had we the space by the events. attend to travel be willing to participants would people at maximum holds only 170 space Our largest reaching are we online platforms, to pivoting By capacity. events. all our virtual across audiences significantly larger The response was extraordinary. In the first nine months of In the first extraordinary. was response The rise in traffic, a staggering saw website Carnegie’s the year, to compared visitors in unique increase percent with a 49 8.5 million visits. Our million to 5.7 from year: the previous than on our site is also spending longer virtual audience the pandemic. before so events, in-person its engaging for Carnegie is known meet their to pivoted when the pandemic hit, our scholars in the online and hold important conversations audience - - -

content that helped explain global events in the global events that helped explain content virtual and engaging events. news, through a series of live podcast recordings, stun recordings, podcast a series of live through videos, quick reaction explainer ning animated online content. Despite the requirements of re the requirements Despite online content. able to were scholars sponsible social distancing, before, than ever audience with a broader connect responded by stepping up our virtual offerings, stepping by responded and products launching a series of innovative evolved, so too has Carnegie. When the pandem so too evolved, Carnegie’s much of the world—and ic compelled Carnegie remotely, work six global centers—to As our audience’s needs and demands have needs and demands have As our audience’s VIRTUAL CONTENT VIRTUAL INNOVATIVE INNOVATIVE 20 2020 ANNUAL REPORT from 127,000 in2019 to 1.7 millionin2020. of CarnegieYouTube videosincreased more thantenfold, added 8,500new subscribers in2020 andtotal views individual views. Overall, Carnegie’s YouTube channel reach, withsomevideosracking upmore than18,000 deepfakes. Carnegiehashadahuge increase initsvideo missiles, theEgyptianmilitary’s economic activities,and animated explainer videosontopics suchashypersonic of itsvideocontent. Carnegie iscontinuing to develop andexpand thereach around theworld inreal time. taped several live episodes,connecting withlisteners produced by theCarnegie–Tsinghua Center inBeijing, and theSino-Russian relationship. commissioned pollingaboutthemoodofRussian voters, Carnegie Moscow Center’s podcastsfocused onCarnegie- about Sino-Indianborder confrontation. Episodesofthe 2020: atimelyconversation withAshley J. Tellis inJune the mostdownloaded episodeofallCarnegiepodcastsin reaching over 72,000 listeners. Interpreting India In 2020, thenumberofdownloads skyrocketed for and editor Supriya Sharma. 2014 and2018, renowned scholar Pratap BhanuMehta, economic adviserto theGovernment ofIndiabetween downloads. Key guestsincludedArvindSubramanian, chief total show downloads doubled,withover 75,000 unique (which includestwo seasonsofcontent), Indian politicsandpolicy. From Januaryto September 2020 Fellow MilanVaishnav, Director ofCarnegie’s SouthAsiaProgram andSenior The wildlysuccessful scholar Ashley Quarcoo. Mahtani, andtheglobalfight for racial equality with rights abusesinHongKong withjournalistShibani human Malcolm H.Kerr CarnegieMiddleEast Center MahaYahya, explored Lebanon’s economic criseswithDirector ofthe downloads in2020. UnderLaura’s leadership, theshow World Unpacked across theworlds ofmedia,politics,andacademia, down thehottest issues inforeign policy. Featuring guests our flagshippodcast Laura LucasMagnusontook onthemantleofhosting Vice President for Communications andStrategy live andnearly6,000 watched therecording afterward. Susan Glasser. For onesuchevent, 720 viewers watched Ellen JohnsonSirleafandjournalistsThomas Friedman and and theworld. Guestsincludedformer president ofLiberia about issues ofcriticalimportanceto theUnited States Connects, Senior Fellow Aaron David MillerlaunchedCarnegie aseriesoflive-streamed conversations virtual amassed more than100,000 unique , apodcastproduced by CarnegieIndia, Recently, itproduced dynamic The World Unpacked Grand Tamasha examines thefascinating world of Interpreting India China andtheWorld podcast, hosted by Grand Tamasha , whichbreaks alsohad

The

’s ’s

PODCAST MOSCOWCARNEGIE CENTER 21 2020 ANNUAL REPORT Andrew Carnegie, Founder (1910) Carnegie, Founder Andrew 22 2020 ANNUAL REPORT (bottom) attheFebruary 2020 board meeting inWashington. Carnegie Trustees Steve Denning(top), David Burke, andVictoria Ransom Gates Foundation to fundCarnegie’s FinCyber initiative supporters andfoundations, including$1millionfrom the through thecontinued generosity oftrustees andoutside chair oftheboard, Penny Pritzker, thecampaignhasgrown fromgifts trustees Pat HouseandCathy Paglia andthe which now standsat$67 millionraised. Buildingonlead made significantprogress onitsfundraising campaign, so muchelse,by thepandemic.However, Carnegiehas The philanthropic landscapehasbeencomplicated, like of like-minded individualsandorganizations. increasingly relies onthegenerosity andsupport time. However, asglobalchallenges grow, ourwork to address andimpacttheglobalchallenges ofour diverse thinkers andpractitioners working together into theglobalCarnegienetwork ofindependent, tional peace. Today, thatinvestment hastranslated Carnegie madeahistoric investment ininterna In 1910, industrialist andphilanthropist An Ransom andfamily. an unrestricted large from campaigngift trustee Victoria which willlaunchinearly2021. Carnegiealsoreceived allowed Carnegieto create thenew Africa Program, A founding from gift trustee JonathanOppenheimer community andthefieldofinternational affairs. bring greater equity anddiversity to thescholarly made agenerous Carnegie’s to support gift initiatives to Carnegie Europe. Trustee Adebayo Ogunlesiandfamily theendowmentto support ofthedirector’s chairat Trustee Walter Kielholzmadealeadcampaignpledge which was inaugurated inOctober 2020. toward theMalcolm H.Kerr CarnegieMiddleEastCenter, Middle East,trustee David Burke committed aleadgift new course for theMiddleEast.Alsowithafocus onthe the region, thatattempts to contribute ofa to thecharting Program, withcontributions from dozens ofexpertsfrom Arab Horizons—a project ledby theCarnegieMiddleEast Trustee Ayman Asfari committed toward acampaigngift diversity initiatives—and George Siguler. family—the latter committed ofCarnegie’s to thesupport Elizabeth Bagley, Harvey Fineberg, MahaIbrahim and Carnegie alsoreceived from campaigngifts trustees for studies,Evan A.Feigenbaum. strategy for theAsiaProgram underitsvice president two new ofasignificantgrowth postsonChina aspart Steve Denning.Someofthiscommitment willunderwrite fromgift vice chairoftheCarnegieBoard of Trustees, Recent contributions includeasignificantunrestricted dedicated to cybersecurity inthefinancialsector. drew drew

23 2020 ANNUAL REPORT

Ankit Panda, Panda, Ankit Senior Fellow Stanton have engaged with the global network of Carnegie scholars of Carnegie scholars with the global network engaged have the COVID-19 to such as global responses topics discuss to with relations U.S., EU, and Russian pandemic, evolving policy implications of the U.S. election, the foreign China, of the future system, and the global financial cybersecurity technologies, and more. and emerging artificial intelligence Carnegie Corporate Circle Circle Carnegie Corporate representatives provides Circle Carnegie Corporate The companies sector leading private from and decisionmakers a rapidly navigating insights for with global and strategic the past year, landscape. Over changing international and private a series of closed-door convenings through and its members Circle Corporate individual briefings, the

Kim , was published by Hurst/Oxford Hurst/Oxford published by , was , is the inaugural Stanton Senior Fellow. Senior Fellow. Stanton , is the inaugural

Diplomat

technologies with Mike Nelson, senior fellow and director of the Technology of the Technology and director Nelson, senior fellow with Mike technologies Program. Affairs and International Carnegie Corporate Circle convenes in February 2020 to discuss emerging discuss emerging to 2020 February in convenes Circle Corporate Carnegie funds to continue hosting postdoctoral and junior faculty and junior faculty hosting postdoctoral continue funds to until 2045. Program in the Nuclear Policy fellows University Press in August 2020. At Carnegie, he will At 2020. in August Press University in race a missile on preventing project launch a new senior endowed the new creating Asia. In addition to gifted Carnegie Foundation position, the Stanton fellow Panda is a prolific writer and researcher specializing in researcher and writer is a prolific Panda in Asia. His book, and security nuclear weapons Jong Un and the Bomb senior fellow position to augment Carnegie’s work on work augment Carnegie’s position to senior fellow a senior editor previously Ankit Panda, nuclear security. at the A gift from the Stanton Foundation permitted the permitted Foundation the Stanton A gift from endowed establish a new to Program Nuclear Policy FELLOWSHIP NEW STANTON STANTON NEW 24 2020 ANNUAL REPORT in Washington. Carnegie Trustee Aso O. Tavitian attheFebruary 2020 board meeting oftheglobe.Deeplyentrenchedparts problems suchas and theWest increasingly itsattention to other shifting and Iran seekingto reassert themselves asregional actors, China expanding itseconomic andpoliticalclout,Turkey increasing, withRussia tryingto reassert itsdominance, Central Asia.Geopoliticaltensions intheregion are also are transforming theSouthCaucasus,Eastern Europe, and sweeping societal,economic, andgenerational changes Nearly thirty years thecollapse after oftheSoviet Union, Trenin, MarieYovanovitch, andAndrew S.Weiss. de Waal, Marc Pierini, PhilipRemler, Eugene Rumer, Dmitri in Washington, Moscow, andBrussels, includingThomas draws uponcontributions from leadingCarnegiescholars Caucasus. Led by SeniorFellow Paul Stronski, theinitiative lenges facing Russia’s neighbors,withtheSouth starting term project focus thatwillplace particular onthechal long-serving trustee oftheCarnegieEndowment, isalong- generous from gift theprominent late philanthropist and The AsoO. Tavitian Initiative, madepossible through a INITIATIVE ASO O. TAVITIAN

- Board ofTrustees in2008. of theRepublic ofArmenia.Tavitian joinedtheCarnegie and sponsorprojects thatfocused onthedevelopment scholarships to students ofArmenianandBulgarian origin 1995, heestablishedtheTavitian Foundation to provide SyncSort Inc.,servingasitsCEO from 1975 to 2008.In master’s degree innuclearengineeringandco-founded arship to attend Columbia University. Helater received a immigrated to New York in1961, having received aschol Aso O. Tavitian was borninSofia,Bulgaria, in1940. He International Peace Carnegie Endowment for Trustee Emeritusofthe Aso O. Tavitian, 1940–2020, struggled to meetthesedemands. itarian anddemocratic governments oftheregion have more accountable governance. Sofar, boththeauthor are frustrated by falling livingstandards andtheneedfor and economic shortcomings. People throughout theregion the region’s leaders to address long-standinggovernance Grassroots politicalactivismhasemphasized theneedfor leave theirmark. regional conflicts, corruption, andpoverty continue to prepare theregion to meetitslong-term challenges. to navigateopportunities dangerous currents andto better respond nimblyto evolving demandsandto capitalize on spirit ofcapacity building,theinitiative equipsleaders to foreign policies.Working withlocalpartners,andinthe with thedrivers thatare reshaping societies,politics,and ers withinandoutsidethebroader region come to grips outreach, theAsoO. Tavitian Initiative helpsdecisionmak Through grounded analysis, policyinitiatives, andpublic

- - 25 2020 ANNUAL REPORT - - - -

ized to nominate at least one candidate from underrepre from least one candidate at nominate to ized been especially those who often have communities, sented systemic such opportunities through from discouraged such as racism. barriers Expanding the James C. Gaither Expanding the James C. Program Junior Fellows nur aims to Program James C. Gaither Junior Fellows The It is policy professionals. of foreign generation the next ture in the field, fellowship entry-level competitive, the premier the highest risen to alumni have than 240 whose more nonprofit academia, business, echelons of government, and the press. organizations, the extraor representing on better focus a renewed With the and strengthens that characterizes dinary diversity that institutions as a nation, and on the role States United racism systemic in combating such as Carnegie can play talent, Carnegie is and nurturing diverse developing by cohort of junior fellows. a diverse recruiting to committed will be incentiv participating in the program Universities - -

opportunities sabbatical opportunities aimed at and new candidates. diverse more attracting inclusive culture. culture. inclusive internship expanded will be supported by Both programs global network. of and institutes universities from Carnegie will recruit and diverse a demonstrably higher education that have nity, build significant mentoring relationships with senior mentoring build significant nity, to a host of exposure and benefit from Carnegie scholars, of Carnegie’s the gamut across and research policy issues A two-year fellowship will allow young policy scholars policy scholars young will allow fellowship A two-year and research a substantial body of their own develop to policy commu the foreign in writing, establish networks of policymaking and international relations remains an remains relations of policymaking and international the best minds despite the very to proposition attractive of homogeneity. history field’s master’s degree students from underrepresented com underrepresented students from degree master’s that talent is not lost at this critical ensure munities to that the field It will ensure development. of career juncture New Research Posts Research New at post– aimed program a two-year Carnegie is creating of trustees and external funders, Carnegie is creating new opportunities to attract and retain diverse diverse and retain opportunities attract to new Carnegie is creating funders, and external of trustees been discouraged relations, aimed especially at those who often have talent in the field of international racism. such as barriers systemic such opportunities through from the curve in redressing the underrepresentation of groups that enrich this diversity of perspective. In of perspective. diversity that enrich this of groups the underrepresentation in redressing the curve generosity the racism, and through systemic over conversation national overdue of the long reflection International relations has long been interdisciplinary, drawing perspectives from politics, economics, politics, economics, from perspectives drawing has long been interdisciplinary, relations International stronger create and to the changing global currents understand better to and arts and sciences history, woefully behind remains relations the field of international societies. However, stronger policies for

INITIATIVES DIVERSITY DIVERSITY 26 2020 ANNUAL REPORT reflects cash contributions received from July1,2019, through June30, 2020. who encourage ourmission to advance thecauseofpeace. The following list We are grateful for thegenerous ofourdonors support infiscal year 2020 individuals whoinvest inourprograms andcore operations eachyear. ofadiversesupport group offoundations, corporations, governments, and The CarnegieEndowment for International Peace relies onthephilanthropic Technology and International General Nomellini Charitable Fund Angela and Olivier Ken The Technology and International Affairs Facebook, Inc. $1,000,000 to $1,999,999 Nuclear Policy Program The Stanton Foundation General Foundation James &Ardis Robert General Traubert Foundation Pritzker Foundation/Pritzker Russia and Eurasia Program Nuclear Policy Program Middle East Program Middle Carnegie Kerr H. Malcolm Program Strategy and Geoeconomics General Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy Center Moscow Carnegie Carnegie Europe York New of Corporation Carnegie above and $2,000,000 Donors Affairs Program Affairs Operations Influence Program, Partnership for Countering Center East

Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle Middle Carnegie Kerr H. Malcolm Fund Security and Stability Conflict, Kingdom United Carnegie India Development Trust Tata and Education Nuclear Policy Program Program Strategy and Geoeconomics Foundation MacArthur T. D. Catherine and John Democracy, Conflict, andGovernance Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy Asia Program Ford Foundation $550,000 to $999,999 Middle Carnegie Kerr H. Malcolm Democracy, Conflict, andGovernance International Development for Department Kingdom United Russia and Eurasia Program Carnegie Europe Tavitian Foundation Program East Middle Program Strategy and Geoeconomics Europe Program Carnegie Europe Society FoundationsOpen East Center Program East Center Program

Russia and Eurasia Program Program Strategy and Geoeconomics Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy Affairs Foreign of Ministry Norway Program Asia South Middle East Program Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy Foundation Luce Henry The General Foundation Sage Steven Denning/The General CharitableThe Chuard-Ransom Fund $250,000 to $549,999 General Foundation America of Bank General BagleyElizabeth $100,000 to $249,999 Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy Zhang Yichen General Democracy, Conflict, andGovernance Cyber Policy Initiative Foundation Hewlett Flora and William Program Strategy and Geoeconomics Suzanne & Walter Scott Foundation Middle East Program Middle Carnegie Kerr H. Malcolm Program Strategy and Geoeconomics Rockefeller Fund Brothers Visiting Distinguished Fellow John Kerry Trusts Pew Charitable The Program Center East

27 2020 ANNUAL REPORT

East Center East Program, Partnership for Countering Countering for Partnership Program, Influence Operations Center East Program, Partnership for Countering Countering for Partnership Program, Influence Operations The Asfari Foundation Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle Australia Department of Foreign Trade Affairs and Initiative Policy Cyber Asia Program Asia Inc.WhatsApp Affairs International and Technology $99,999 to $25,000 Al-HusryAli Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle ChinaAmway Policy Global for Center Carnegie–Tsinghua Anonymous Program Asia Program Eurasia and Russia Anonymous Policy Global for Center Carnegie–Tsinghua Twitter Affairs International and Technology Foundation UniKorea Program Asia United Kingdom Foreign & Office Commonwealth Center Moscow Carnegie United States Air Force Academy Program Policy Nuclear United States European Command Program Eurasia and Russia United States Indo-Pacific Command

East Center East General of Department Federal Switzerland Affairs Foreign Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle Program Policy Nuclear Economic andTaipei Cultural Representative Office in the United States Program Asia PSquared Charitable Foundation PSquared Charitable General G.M.Rao India Carnegie Schlosstein-Hartley Family Foundation General George and Pamela W. M. Siguler Oppenheimer Generations Oppenheimer Generations Foundation General Palestinian Business Committee on Reform and Peace Program East Middle Corporation Poongsan Program Asia Scott and Laura Malkin General Foreign of Ministry Netherlands Affairs Initiative Policy Cyber Program Policy Nuclear Ogunlesi Bayo and Amelia General Makena Capital Management Capital Makena James C. Gaither Junior Fellows Program

East Center East Program, Partnership for Countering Countering for Partnership Program, Influence Operations Walter B.Walter Kielholz Foundation Europe Carnegie General Cooperation Corporate Circle Japan Bank for International International for Bank Japan Maha Ibrahim Maha General Global Affairs Canada Program East Middle (GIZ) GmbH Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zusammenarbeit Internationale Europe Program Europe Program Policy Nuclear Program Eurasia and Russia Carnegie India Carnegie Finland Ministry for Affairs Foreign Facebook India Online Services Pvt. Ltd. Emerald Gate Charitable Trust Charitable Emerald Gate James C. Gaither Junior Fellows Program Embassy Japan Russia of in Center Moscow Carnegie Daniel Morgan Graduate School of of School Graduate Morgan Daniel National Security Program Asia Craig Newmark Philanthropic Fund Philanthropic Newmark Craig Affairs International and Technology Chumir Foundation for Ethics Leadershipin Program Eurasia and Russia David and Kelly Burke James C. Gaither Junior Fellows Program 28 2020 ANNUAL REPORT James C. Gaither Junior Fellows Program Fellows Junior Gaither C. James LLP Cooley Middle Carnegie Kerr H. Malcolm Consolidated Contractors Company Circle Corporate Citigroup Inc. Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy Giving Corporate Global Chubb Russia and Eurasia Program Circle Corporate Chevron Democracy, Conflict, andGovernance Foundation Mott Stewart Charles General Democracy, Conflict, andGovernance Charles Koch Institute Council Global Charina Endowment Fund Council Global Charai Ahmed Carnegie Europe Maria Livanos Cattaui Council Global Cartesian Capital Group Cyber Policy Initiative Capital One Russia and Eurasia Program Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy Associates Bridgewater Circle Corporate Inc. America, North BP Program Asia South The Boeing Company East Center Program Program

Corporate Circle Corporate Ltd. Hitachi, Carnegie India India PrivateGoogle Ltd. Nuclear Policy Program Carnegie India Office Foreign Federal Germany Carnegie India Flipkart Carnegie Europe European Commission Carnegie Moscow Center to Moscow Delegation EU Carnegie Moscow Center Equinor Asia Program America of States United in of the Japan Embassy Democracy, Conflict, andGovernance Ryan Drant Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy Company Chemical Dow Middle Carnegie Kerr H. Malcolm Darwazah Said Asia Program Partnership Global for Center Foundation Japan The Program Asia South Centre International Growth Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global (China) Ltd. Intel Co., General House Patricia Program East Center Policy

MUFG Bank, Ltd. Bank, MUFG Carnegie Moscow Center (Russia) Corporation Mitsubishi LLC Carnegie India Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw Circle Corporate AmericaMarubeni Corporation Carnegie Moscow Center Korea Foundation Program Asia South Kaye Family Foundation The Cyber Policy Initiative &Co. Chase JPMorgan Carnegie India T. V. Pai Mohandas Cyber Policy Intiative Network Omidyar Russia and Eurasia Program Capital Management Oaktree Circle Corporate Asia Program Corporation Grumman Northrop Carnegie Europe Public Diplomacy Division Treaty Atlantic Organization North Nuclear Policy Program The Foundation New-Land Circle Corporate America of Corporation NEC Carnegie Europe The Naval Postgraduate School Democracy, Conflict, andGovernance Institute Democratic National Circle Corporate Program 29 2020 ANNUAL REPORT

Robert B. Zoellick and Sherry L. Ferguson General L. Rafael and Reif Christine General School Country Riverdale General Jesse and Mindy Rogers James C. Gaither Junior Fellows Program J. Stapleton Roy General PLC Chartered Standard Initiative Policy Cyber Limited Sons Private Tata Corporate Circle University Pennsylvania of South Asia Program Wien Fund Family Global Council Li Family CharitableLi Family Fund General McLellanDonald Geoeconomics and Strategy Program Mitsubishi Heavy Industries America, Inc. Program Asia BhartiSunil Mittal India Carnegie National Engineering Industries Ltd. India Carnegie Raine Carlyle Elizabeth General

International Visegrad Fund Visegrad International Europe Carnegie Loren Hershey Loren Global Council IHI Corporation Program Asia Private India Technology Intel Limited India Carnegie John and Henrietta Goelet Henrietta and John Program East Middle Hadnot Jason General Fund Family Schifeling Hamblin General (India) Harman International Private Ltd India Carnegie James C. Gaither Junior Fellows Program Covington & Burling LLP Policy Global for Center Carnegie–Tsinghua Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP Program Asia Freeport-McMoRan Foundation General Bill Bradley Bill General BuoymasterJohn W. Corporate Circle Ellen Cleary General Conroy Joe The Asan Institute for Policy Studies Program Asia

Anonymous Anonymous General Anonymous Anonymous General Accenture Initiative Policy Cyber $24,999 Up to John Xefos John Europe Carnegie Wilson/Fineberg Gift Fund General Abigail A. Wender Abigail General South Asia Program Rohan S. Weerasinghe and Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy Global for Center Carnegie–Tsinghua The Warburg Pincus Foundation Europe Program Europe Corporation United Technologies Sweden Ministry for Foreign Affairs Stiftung Mercator GmbH Europe Carnegie Stephen A. Schwarzman Education Foundation Policy Global for Center Carnegie–Tsinghua Smith Richardson Foundation Richardson Smith South Asia Program Shell Oil Company Corporate Circle The Prospect Hill Foundation Hill Prospect The Program Policy Nuclear The Procter & Gamble Company Gamble & Procter The Corporate Circle 30 2020 ANNUAL REPORT June 30, 2020, andJune30, 2019 Consolidated Statements ofFinancial Position Financial Statements Current liabilities Liabilities andnetassets Total assets Total long-term assets Property andequipment,net Contributions receivable, net Investments Long-term assets Total current assets Contributions receivable, net Accounts receivable andprepaid expenses Cashandcashequivalents Current assets Assets Total liabilitiesandnetassets Total netassets With donorrestrictions Without donorrestrictions Net assets Commitments andcontingencies Total liabilities Total long-term liabilities Bondspayable, net Interest rate swap agreement Note payable, net Long-term liabilities Total current liabilities Note payable Bondinterest payable Accounts payable andaccrued expenses

$ 5,295,250 $5,295,250 $ 401,375,079 $ 5,494,777 $ 401,375,079 383,087,884 336,306,547 345,557,808 345,869,417 55,505,662 49,656,065 32,659,505 11,635,837

5,849,597 18,287,195 24,617,515 9,562,870 15,791,431 12,912,561 1,205,129 1,156,581 450,589 103,758 2020

$3,288,474 $ 389,230,069 $ 389,230,069 $ 5,662,463 372,563,008 329,744,488 342,983,934 340,671,353 44,700,206 48,558,716 10,408,365 23,862,325 10,926,865

32,636,157 16,667,061 3,858,510 9,791,827 1,655,684 5,716,749 1,212,771 1,212,771 433,799 136,237 2019

Net assets, endofyear Net assets, beginningofyear Change innetassets Fair value loss oninterest rate swap Investment return inexcess (deficit) ofspending rate Non-operating revenues andexpenses Change innetassets from operations Total operating expenses Fundraising Management andgeneral services Supporting Program services Operating expenses Total operating revenues andothersupport Other Publications Conference center rental income U.S.Government revenue Rental income Investment distributionto fundoperations, net Contributions Operating revenues andothersupport Net assets released from restrictions Without DonorRestrictions $ 6,745,229 $ 9,562,870 40,308,096 (5,383,066) 30,924,646 29,268,522 (1,363,995) 36,290,571 10,926,865 4,705,892 1,709,880 4,017,525 2,316,157 807,664 99,568 14,133 6,976 1,546 - $ 34,027,541 With DonorRestrictions $ 336,306,547 (30,924,646) 329,744,488 (11,266,684) 14,725,848 17,828,743 17,828,743 6,562,059 ------$ 40,772,770 $ 345,869,417 340,671,353 (5,383,066) (11,265,138) 29,268,522 21,846,268 14,725,848 36,290,571 58,136,839 4,705,892 1,709,880 5,198,064 2,316,157 807,664 99,568 14,133 6,976 Total - 31 2020 ANNUAL REPORT - Total 6,976 14,133 99,568 807,664 2,316,157 5,198,064 1,709,880 4,705,892 58,136,839 36,290,571 14,725,848 21,846,268 29,268,522 (11,265,138) (5,383,066) 340,671,353 $ 345,869,417 $ 345,869,417 $ 40,772,770 $ 40,772,770 ------6,562,059 17,828,743 17,828,743 14,725,848 (11,266,684) 329,744,488 (30,924,646) $ 336,306,547 $ 336,306,547 With Donor Restrictions With $ 34,027,541 - 1,546 6,976 14,133 99,568 807,664 2,316,157 4,017,525 1,709,880 4,705,892 10,926,865 36,290,571 (1,363,995) 29,268,522 30,924,646 (5,383,066) 40,308,096 $ 9,562,870 $ 9,562,870 $ 6,745,229 $ 6,745,229 Without Donor Restrictions Donor Without

Net assets released from restrictions from released Net assets Net assets, beginning of year Net assets, end of year Net assets, Investment return in excess (deficit) of spending rate of spending (deficit) in excess return Investment swap rate on interest loss value Fair in net assets Change Total operating expenses operating Total operations from in net assets Change and expenses revenues Non-operating Management and general Management Fundraising Operating expenses Operating services Program Supporting services Other and other support revenues operating Total Conference center rental income rental center Conference Publications Investment distribution to fund operations, net fund operations, to distribution Investment income Rental revenue U.S. Government Operating revenues and other support revenues Operating Contributions Year Ended June 30, 2020 Ended June 30, Year Consolidated Statement of Activities of Activities Statement Consolidated 32 2020 ANNUAL REPORT Jodi Vittori, editors Vittori, Jodi and Page Matthew FlowsFinancial Illicit Global and Corruption Dubai’s Facilitating in Role editors O’Donohue, Thomas Carothersand Andrew Dangers New Divisions, Old South and Southeast Asia: Political Polarization in Highlights Research

Daniel Baer, editors Erik Brattberg and Relations TransatlanticReimagining Tong Zhao Nuclear Arms Race a Forestall How to Help Defense: Missile on Gap U.S.-China the Narrowing Yahya, editor Maha Representation, and Resistance Opposition, Syrian Conflict: the in Politics Contentious

CarnegieEndowment.org

RECONCEPTUALIZING U.S.-ROK COOPERATION IN KOREAN UNIFICATION KOREAN IN COOPERATION U.S.-ROK RECONCEPTUALIZING | LEE Chung Min Lee Min Chung Unification andOutside Powers KoreanSouth Public Opinion on A Peninsula of Paradoxes: and Dmitri Trenin Dmitri and Tellis, J. Ashley Sadjadpour, Karim Naím, Moisés Feigenbaum, Evan A. Rosa Balfour, Michele Dunne, Presidency Views aBiden of Global Acton M. James Escalation Ambiguity and Inadvertent aNuke?: It Is Pre-Launch Chung MinLee and OutsidePowers Opinion onUnification South Korean Public A Peninsula ofParadoxes: KOREAN SECURITY ANDFOREIGN POLICY INITIATIVE UNIFICATION BLUE BOOK2020