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Victor Ugas Regarding Venezuela January 10, 2020 (Extension) Original: Spanish

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Victor Ugas Regarding Venezuela January 10, 2020 (Extension) Original: Spanish INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS RESOLUTION 2/2020 Precautionary Measure No. 426-19 Victor Ugas regarding Venezuela January 10, 2020 (Extension) Original: Spanish I. INTRODUCTION 1. On December 27, 2019, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (hereinafter “the Inter-American Commission,” “the Commission,” or “the IACHR”) received a request for precautionary measures submitted by Beatriz Carolina Girón Medina as General Coordinator of the Venezuelan Prison Observatory (hereinafter “the representatives”), urging the IACHR to request that the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (“the State” or “Venezuela”) adopt the measures necessary to protect the rights of Mr. Victor Ugas. According to the information provided, the proposed beneficiary was deprived of his liberty on December 20, 2019 by police officers, and his whereabouts and fate have been unknown since then. 2. In accordance with Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested information from the State on December 31, 2019. To date, no communication has been received from the State. On January 7, 2020, the representatives submitted additional information. 3. Having analyzed the submissions of fact and law provided by the applicants, the Commission considers that the information shows prima facie that Mr. Victor Ugas is in a serious and urgent situation since his rights to life and personal integrity are at risk of irreparable harm. Consequently, pursuant to Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that the State of Venezuela: a) adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Mr. Victor Ugas. In particular, report whether the beneficiary is in the custody of the State and what his current circumstances are, or the measures adopted to determine his whereabouts or fate; and b) report on the measures adopted in order to investigate the alleged facts that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring. II. RESOLUTION 26/19. PM 426/19. Gilbert Alexander Caro Alfonzo, Venezuela 4. On May 2, 2019, the IACHR decided to grant precautionary measures in favor of Gilbert Alexander Caro Alfonzo, in Venezuela. According to the request, Mr. Caro was deprived of his liberty on April 26, 2019, by police officers. His whereabouts and fate have been unknown ever since. The Commission requested information from the State, but received no response. Having analyzed the submissions of fact and law provided by the applicants, the Commission considered, prima facie, that Mr. Gilbert Alexander Caro Alfonzo is in a serious and urgent situation, since his rights to life and personal integrity face a risk of irreparable harm. Therefore, based on Article 25 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission requested that the State of Venezuela adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life and personal integrity of Mr. Gilbert Alexander Caro Alfonzo. In particular, the State was asked to report whether the beneficiary is in its custody, his current circumstances, or the measures aimed at determining his whereabouts or fate, as well as on the measures adopted in order to investigate the - 1 - alleged facts that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.1 5. Mr. Gilbert Alexander Caro Alfonzo has been an opposition member of the National Assembly since his election on December 15, 2015. According to the information available, Mr. Caro was previously arrested for ten years and, after his release, he became engaged in social activism, setting up several foundations. It was previously reported that Mr. Caro was arrested on January 11, 2017 and released on June 3, 2018. 6. After the precautionary measure was granted, the Commission did not receive a response from the State of Venezuela on the measures adopted to comply therewith. On July 23, 2019, the beneficiary’s representatives reported that Mr. Caro was released without a release order, and that his legal situation is thus unclear. III. CONTEXTUAL ASPECTS RELATED TO THE PRESENT REQUEST 7. The IACHR, within the framework of its several mechanisms, has been monitoring the human rights situation in Venezuela. The Commission recently issued its Country Report on Democratic Institutions, the Rule of Law and Human Rights in Venezuela, in which it referred to the “serious deterioration in the observance of human rights and the serious political, economic and social crisis that the country is undergoing [...]”.2 As identified by the Commission “this is a complex problem that is rooted in the interference of the Executive in the other public branches”. The Commission noted that “[t]his breach of the principle of the separation of powers is most seriously manifested in the alarming behavior of the Judiciary”. Indeed, the exacerbation of the recent crisis in Venezuela was particularly monitored by the Commission in 2017 after “a series of decisions rendered by the Supreme Court of Justice (TSJ by its Spanish acronym) that amounted to interference with the National Assembly (AN by its Spanish acronym) and violated the principle of the separation of powers”.3 8. In the framework of the previous events, the Commission has expressed its “deep concern for the worsening of violence in Venezuela” and has become aware of the repression against the wave of social protests that occurred between April and July 2017, where more than a hundred deaths were reported4, as well as arbitrary arrests and complaints about acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.5 9. On May 18, 2018, the Commission expressed “its deep concern over the lack of minimum standards required to hold free, fair, and credible elections in Venezuela,” calling for the State to hold “elections within a reasonable and adequate time, based on the full and effective exercise of human 1 IACHR, Resolution 26/19. PM 426/19 – Gilbert Alexander Caro Alfonzo, Venezuela, May 2, 2019. Available (in Spanish) at: http://www.oas.org/es/cidh/decisiones/pdf/2019/26-19MC426-19-VE.pdf 2 IACHR, Country Report. Democratic Institutions, the Rule of Law and Human Rights in Venezuela, December 31, 2017, para. 470. Available at: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/venezuela2018-en.pdf 3 This situation worsened to the extent that an alteration of the constitutional order thus occurred with Judgments No. 155 and 156 rendered by the Supreme Court of Justice on March 28 and 29, respectively, in which it lifted the parliamentary immunity of members of the AN, determined that their acts constitute “treason”, granted the Executive Branch broad discretionary powers, and claimed competencies of the Legislative Branch. As the IACHR noted at that moment, “said measures implied usurpation of the functions of the Legislative Branch by the Executive and the Judiciary, as well as a de facto annulment of the popular vote through which the members were elected”. IACHR, Press Release No. 041/17, IACHR Condemns Supreme Court Rulings and the Alteration of the Constitutional and Democratic Order in Venezuela, March 31, 2017. 4 IACHR, Country Report. Democratic Institutions, the Rule of Law and Human Rights in Venezuela, December 31, 2017, para. 165. 5 IACHR, Country Report. Democratic Institutions, the Rule of Law and Human Rights in Venezuela, December 31, 2017, para. 165. Available at: http://www.oas.org/es/cidh/decisiones/pdf/2019/26-19MC426-19-VE.pdf - 2 - rights and democratic principles”.6 On October 1, 2018, in light of the crisis in Venezuela’s health system, the Commission, together with United Nations experts, urged the government to act more urgently in the mobilization of resources needed to restore the health system.7 After an electoral process that did not meet the minimum conditions to hold free and fair elections in the country, “the Commission warned about the further institutional weakening in Venezuela” and warned about “the persistence of structural issues that affect human rights,” stressing at the same time “the serious consequences that the withdrawal of the State from the OAS would have for the Venezuelan population”.8 10. On January 10, 2019, the Permanent Council of the Organization of American States agreed by a majority “to not recognize the legitimacy of Nicolas Maduro’s new term”.9 Furthermore, in response to the call for new demonstrations and the serious acts of violence that occurred in previous demonstrations, on January 23, 2019, the Commission called upon the State to “guarantee that social mobilizations be carried out in exercise of the right to peaceful assembly and demonstration and to protect the rights to life, personal integrity, and personal liberty of all those who demonstrate”.10 11. On January 25, 2019, the Commission was informed of acts of violence and repression in social demonstrations, illegal searches, arbitrary arrests, stigmatization and persecution of registered opponents in several localities. The situation is said to have generated human rights violations that are still being reported and that show the exacerbation of the situation.11 12. On February 1, 2019, the Commission expressed its alarm at the massive repression against demonstrators in Venezuela, as well as at the disturbing numbers of arbitrary arrests recorded during the social protests that took place in the last week of January.12 On February 22, 2019, the Commission expressed its concern about the continued harassment of human rights defenders in Venezuela.13 The IACHR urged the State of Venezuela to take urgent measures to guarantee that human rights defenders can carry out their work in the country, free from intimidation. 13. On March 1, 2019, the IACHR gathered information on the occurrence of serious acts of violence in Venezuela on February 23, 2019, in the framework of actions aimed at attempting to bring in humanitarian aid from different border-crossing points in Colombia and Brazil. The IACHR expressed its growing concern about the situation of extreme vulnerability faced by the Venezuelan people, inside and outside the borders, due to widespread poverty and profound restrictions on access to rights such as food, health, education, work, or housing.
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