Volume 46, Number 3 THE PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGIST MAY/JUNE 2009

A Publication of the American Institute of Professional Geologists

Professionalism Is Our Purpose

www.aipg.org

TTPGP G Volume 46, Number 3 THE PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGIST MAY/JUNE 2009 Inside This Issue

AIPG 2009 Annual Meeting Edition Welcome Letter 3 Meeting Program 4 Field Trips 5-9 5 Short Courses 10-11 Social Events 12 Exhibitor Opportunities 13 Sponsorship Opportunities 14 Registration Form 15 FEATURES AIPG National Officers-Candidate Articles and Biographies 24 Applications for the Forms Challenged Lawrence (Larry) Austin, CPG-05181 52 7 PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE-Field Collecting in the Pikes Peak Batholith, Steve Maslansky, CPG-04481 55 Geologic Models as Teaching Aids; Some Personal Examples Paul Lindberg, CPG-06844 60 Groundwater Exploration and Development in Haiti James Adamson, MEM-1532 and Stuart Dykstra 62 AIPG Raft Trip on the River 7 Holly Walton-Buchanan, PhD 64 Anthropogenic Hillside-Erosion and Floodplain Inundation, Cul-de-Sac, Haiti Barney Popkin, CPG-06547 66

58 ON THE COVER - Blossoming Orchards in Grand Junction, Colorado. Photo courtesy of Grand Junction Convention and Visitors Bureau. 2009 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE PRESIDENT - John L. Bognar, CPG Leggette, Brashears & Graham, Inc. O: (314) 845-0535 / [email protected] PRESIDENT-ELECT - Michael D. Lawless, CPG DEPARTMENTS Draper Aden Associates O: (540) 552-0444 / [email protected] PAST-PRESIDENT - Daniel J. St. Germain, CPG 17 Editor’s Corner Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. O: (201) 398-4381 / [email protected] 18 Section News VICE PRESIDENT - Timothy L. Crumbie, CPG Geoscience Consultants, Inc. O: (502) 868-0975 / [email protected] 22 Members in the News SECRETARY - David P. Palmer, CPG ElPaso Natural Gas Company 23 Test Your Knowledge O: (602) 438-4203 / [email protected] TREASURER - David R. Rhode, CPG 33 President’s Message RBC Wealth Management O: (303) 488-3645 /[email protected] 34 Student Membership Application EDITOR - Robert A. Stewart, CPG LFR Inc. O: (860) 290-9300 / [email protected] 35 Executive Director’s Column ADVISORY BOARD REPRESENTATIVES Robert W. Gaddis, CPG 36 Professional Ethics and Practices Newfield Exploration Mid-Continent O: (918) 732-1651 / [email protected] 39 Professional Liability & Risk Management Adam W. Heft, CPG Parsons Brinckerhoff O: (517) 886-7400 / [email protected] 41 Marketing Mark W. Rogers, CPG Engineering/Remediation Resources, Inc. 43 Hydrothink O: (323) 224-8300 / [email protected] Ronald J. Wallace CPG 44 Test Your Knowledge Answers State of Georgia O: (404) 362-2589 / [email protected] 45 Student’s Voice NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 1400 W. 122nd Ave., Suite 250 46 In Memory Westminster, CO 80234 7:30 AM - 4:30 PM MDT; M-F (303) 412-6205 • Fax (303) 253-9220 47 Professional Services Directory [email protected] • www.aipg.org EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR - William J. Siok, CPG - [email protected] 48 AIPG Membership Application ASSISTANT DIRECTOR - Wendy J. Davidson - [email protected] PROFESSIONAL SERVICES MGR - Cathy L. Duran - [email protected] MEMBERSHIP SERVICES MGR - Vickie L. Hill - [email protected] 50 New Applications and Members OFFICE ASSISTANT - Cristie J. Valero - [email protected] OFFICE CLERK - Emma M. Schlundt - [email protected] 69 AIPG Store LIFE AND HEALTH INSURANCE GeoCare Benefits Insurance Plan Phone: 800-337-3140 or 805-566-9191 http://www.geocarebenefits.com/ E-mail: [email protected] AUTO AND HOME INSURANCE Liberty Mutual Phone: 800-524-9400 American Institute of Professional Geologists (AIPG) is the only national organization that certifies the competence http://www.libertymutual.com/lm/aipg and ethical conduct of geological scientists in all branches of the science. It adheres to the principles of professional SUPPLEMENTAL INSURANCE responsibility and public service, and is the ombudsman for the geological profession. It AFLAC was founded in 1963 to promote the profession of geology and to provide certification for geologists to establish a standard of excellence for the profession. Since then, more Phone (303) 674-1808 than 10,000 individuals have demonstrated their commitment to the highest levels of http://www.aflac.com competence and ethical conduct and been certified by AIPG. PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY INSURANCE The Wright Group The mission of the American Institute of Professional Geologists (AIPG) is to be the Phone (800) 322-9773 (303) 863-7788 superior advocate for geology and geologists, to promote high standards of ethical http://www.thewrightgroupinc.com conduct, and to support geologists in their continuing professional development. ALAMO RENTAL CAR - (800) 354-2322 - Member #BY-218167

AVIS RENTAL CAR - The Professional Geologist (USPS 590-810 and ISSN 0279-0521) is published bi-monthly by the American Institute of Professional (800) 222-2847 - Member AWD #L123443 Geologists, 1400 W. 122nd Ave., Suite 250, Westminster, CO 80234-3499. Periodicals Postage Paid at , Colorado and additional mailing offices. BUDGET RENTAL CAR - (800) 455-2848 - Member BCD #Z663100 POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The Professional Geologist, AIPG, 1400 W. 122nd Ave., Suite 250, Westminster, CO 80234. AIPG FOUNDATION Subscriptions for all Members and Adjuncts in good standing are included in annual membership dues. Subscription prices Ray Talkington, CPG are $20.00 a year for Members’ additional subscriptions and $30.00 a year for non-members for 6 issues (for postage outside of the U.S. add $10.00). Single copy price is $4.00 for Members and $6.00 for non-members. Claims for nonreceipt or for Geosphere Environmental Management, Inc. damaged copies are honored for three months. 51 Portsmouth Avenue Entire contents copyright 2009 by The Professional Geologist. Original material may be reprinted with permission. Deadline Exeter, New Hampshire 03833 for articles and advertisements is six weeks preceding publication. Advertising rates available upon request. Opinions and (603) 773-0075/FAX (603) 773-0077 views expressed by the authors are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of the American Institute of Professional Geologists, its staff, or its advertisers. [email protected] Printed in U.S.A. by Modern Litho-Print Company in Jefferson City, Missouri. For AIPG news and activities go to www.aipg.org. AAIPG’sIPG’s 4466tthh AnnualAnnual MeetingMeeting GGrandrand Junction,Junction, ColoradoColorado

AIPG’s 46th Annual Meeting will be held October 3-7, 2009 in Tuesday, October 6th (half-day trips) Grand Junction, Colorado, located at the boundary between the • Oil Rig Site Tour Rocky Mountains and the . The meeting is being • Water System Operations in the Grand Valley: co-sponsored by AIPG, the Colorado Section of AIPG, the Grand Dave Merritt leader Junction Geological Society, and Mesa State College. Given the • Colorado National Monument: Bill and Sandy Hood leaders incredibly diverse geology occurring within a half day’s drive of Grand Junction, the meeting’s schedule is designed to allow you to • Grand Valley Winery Tour: Robert Fakundiny leader take in this geological wonderland with a variety of field trips and technical sessions. We are also offering a variety of short courses. Wednesday, October 7th The following technical sessions, field trips, and short courses are • Origins of the Unaweep Canyon: Bill Hood, Andreas Aslan and being planned. Fuller descriptions of the field trips and short courses Red Cole leaders can be found on AIPG’s website, www.aipg.org. Actual registrations • Late Jurassic Dinosaur Localities of Rabbit Valley: will affect which field trips and short courses will actually occur, so John Foster leader please register as soon as possible. • Mass Movement and Landslides: Jon White leader Technical Sessions (specific sessions will depend on what abstracts are submitted) Thursday and Friday, October 8th & 9th • The challenges of mountain road building and maintenance • San-Juan Geology/Mining History: Rob Blair and • Oil & gas, coal, and uranium development in western Colorado: Bob Larson leaders technical and environmental challenges • Colorado River Headwaters and Trans-Mountain Diversions: • Uses, diversions, and water accounting in the Upper Colorado Peter Barkmann and David Merritt leaders River Basin • Surface Coal Mining and Reclamation NW Colorado: • Landslide problems created by western interior shales Jim Burnell leader • Acid waters, natural and man-caused: what is natural, what is not, and what can be done about it? • The impacts of resource development on local communities Short Courses • Permitting and regulations affecting development of all types Friday, October 2nd • Natural resources: geology, development issues, and trends • Subsurface Data Management, Analysis and Visualization using RockWorks (at Mesa State’s computer lab) presented by Jim Reed Field Trips and Allison Alcott. Saturday, October 3rd • Utah’s Arches/Canyonlands and Dead Horse Point: Tom Chidsey Saturday, October 3rd leader • GIS I-Intro To ArcGIS for the Earth Scientist (at Mesa State’s • Douglas Pass: Eocene Plant and Insect Fossil Collecting: computer lab) presented by Jim Russell and Verner Johnson John Foster leader • Two-Phase Extraction - Innovative Applications with Multiple • Underground West Elk Mine Tour: Wendell Koontz leader Remediation Technologies and Recirculation presented by Mehmet Pehlivan and Jim Jacobs Saturday, October 3rd and Sunday, October 4th • Mass-wasting Features Associated with the Lake City Caldera, Sunday, October 4th , Colorado: Joe Fandrich leader • Techniques for Giving Technical Presentations: Larry Cerrillo and Graham Closs Sunday, October 4th • Introduction to GPS Technology (at Mesa State’s computer lab) • Uravan Mineral Belt/Uranium Mine Tour: Bill Chenoweth, Dick presented by Verner Johnson and James Russell White, Tom Cavanaugh, and Jake Eisel leaders • In Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Ethenes: DNAPL Source • Natural Gas Development-Piceance Basin: Zones presented by Naji Akladiss, Larry Syverson, Hans Stroo, Wilson Clayton, Ryan Wymore and David W. Major • Geology and Geologic Hazards of the Uncompahgre River Valley Area in Montrose County Area: Jon White and Nancy • Natural Resource and Reserve Definitions: Their Evolution, Lamm, leader Meaning, and Current Status by David Abbott

Monday, October 5th David M. Abbott, Jr., CPG-4570 • Ouray Hot Springs General Chairman, 2009 AIPG Annual Meeting • Colorado National Monument Sightseeing: Bill and Sandy Hood leaders

October 3-7, 2009 Field Trips Utah’s Arches/Canyonlands Formation in the Somerset Coal Field. West Elk Mine has been & Dead Horse Point in operation since 1982 with sufficient reserves to last through 2020. Date: Saturday, October 3rd West Elk has a variety of geologic features of interest includ- Time: 7:00 am to 6:00 pm ing normal tectonic faults, compactional faults, and paleo-sand Cost: $100/$150 (includes box lunch and beverages) channels. The mine tour will focus on coal mining processes, Leader: Tom Chidsey longwall mining, coal geology, and structural deformation fea- This trip features a spectacu- tures exposed in the mine. Depending upon the time available lar tour of the classic geol- and the interests of the group, additional topics may include ogy of the Colorado Plateau, roof support, pillar design, and coal exploration. including two of Utah’s famous National Parks - Arches and Canyonlands, as well as Dead 2-Day Field Trip-Mass-Wasting Features Horse Point State Park. The Associated with the Lake City Caldera, San Juan geologic history, regional Mountains, Colorado facies, structural geology, stra- Date: Saturday, October 3rd-Sunday, October 4th tigraphy, geomorphology, and Photo provided by Moab Utah Time: Depart at 8:00 am from the DoubleTree economic geology will be cov- Visitors Bureau. ered. Featured stops include Cost: $325/$350 (includes transportation box lunch, salt-cored anticlines, hikes to some of the most renowned arches, beverages, and single occupancy overnight Quaternary river terraces, unconformities, the Moab fault, and accommodations) Upheaval Dome. Every stop will be surrounded by magnificent Leader: Joe Fandrich, MEM-1494 panoramic views and lots more. This trip is a two day, one night excursion to the Lake City, area of the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado. The Slumgullion earthflow, Lake City landslide complex and glacial Douglas Pass: Eocene Plant and outwash debris flows are the primary subjects of this trip. The Insect Fossil Collecting geomorphologic relationships of mass-wasting, ephemeral lake formation and the creation of flat-floored valleys associated with Date: Saturday, October 3rd the Lake City caldera will be observed and demonstrated. Time: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm Cost: $100/$150 (includes box lunch and beverages) Participants should bring a camera and suitable clothing for Leader: John Foster mountain elevations up to 11,500 feet. Early October weather can be beautiful in the San Juans; however, snow and/or rain This field trip will travel north from the Grand Valley up to is always a possibility. A jacket and hiking shoes or boots are nearly 9,000 feet elevation above Douglas Pass where outcrops recommended; a short ¼ mile hike onto the earthflow will be of the Eocene Green River Formation are exposed among brush up a steep but negotiable slope. Binoculars can be useful for and conifers. We will be collecting plant and insect fossils from observing features at a long distance. Green River oil shale deposited in ancient Lake Uinta. Some of the fossil types found here include leaves of poplars, sycamores, *Cancellation of 2-day field trips made between 8/31/09 and and maples, plus recognizable crickets, beetles, and flies - all 9/16/09 will be assessed $150 to cover hotel cancellation fees 45 million years old. and/or room charges.

Underground West Elk Mine Tour Uravan Mineral Belt/Uranium Mine Tour

Date: Saturday, October 3rd Date: Sunday, October 4th Time: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm Time: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm Cost: $100/$150 (includes box lunch and beverages) Cost: $100/$150 (includes box lunch and beverages) Leader: Wendell Koontz, CPG-10334 Leader: Bill Chenoweth, Dick White, Tom Cavanaugh, CPG-10493 and Jake Eisel West Elk Mine, the West’s premier longwall mine, is operated by Mountain Coal Company and located in Gunnison County, This trip will include a description of the mining history of the Colorado. Coal is mined from the East Seam of the Mesa Verde area as well as the geology. One stop will be at the former site of

www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 5 October 3-7, 2009 Field Trips

the Uravan mill and townsite- Cost: $100/$150 (includes box lunch and beverages) The Birth Place Of the Atomic Leader: Jon White and Nancy Lamm, CPG-04885 Age. Another stop will view the This one-day field trip to Montrose County in west-central mines on Atkinson Mesa- all Colorado will examine the general geology and resultant geo- closed, but the dumps remain. logic hazards that occur within the arid to semi-arid, lower Some of these mines date back Uncompahgre River valley. The field trip will focus on the mid- to the 1920s during the radium Pleistocene to Holocene evolution of the valley, with emphasis on boom. The first half of the trip recent surficial deposits and landforms, including glaciofluvial will end in Paradox Valley, a terraces, alluvial fans, stream capture and valley abandonment, collapsed salt anticline, at the mesa formation, and landslides. The Mancos Shale defines site where a new uranium mill this valley area. Preferential river incision and topographic is planned. lowering in the shale has created a broad, 8-mile wide valley Lunch will be at the Monogram Mines on top of Monogram between the monoclinal dip slope of Dakota Sandstone from the Mesa with views of Paradox Valley and several other mines in Uncompahgre Plateau to the west, and the same sharply-tilted the vicinity. From here we will overlook Energy Fuels planned rock exposed on the flank of the Gunnison Uplift to the east. Pinon Ridge Mill Site and the inactive Cotter Open Pit Mine. The Mancos Shale, and the soils derived from it, is commonly Local geology will be presented including historical and current problematic with land use planning and development. Slope mining operations. instability and threat of landslides, both expansive and collaps- After lunch the group will go to another location on Davis Mesa ible soils, erosion, and environmental concerns with salinity and or Monogram Mesa to visit an active uranium mine. The field selenium concentrations will be discussed. Field trip attendees trip will split into two groups, one going underground to look at will receive the new CGS publication, Open-file report 09-01, uranium - vanadium mining operations and the other going to a Geologic hazards mapping project of the Uncompahgre River nearby location for further discussion of the geology, review of valley area, Montrose County, Colorado. drilling logs and insights into permitting processes for drilling and mining of uranium. The groups will then switch so that all Colorado National Monument Sightseeing participants have the opportunity to go underground. Date: Monday, October 5th Time: 8:00 am to 12:00 noon Natural Gas Development-Piceance Basin, Cost: $75/$120 (includes box lunch and beverages) Western Colorado Leader: Bill Hood, CPG-02185 and Sandy Hood Date: Sunday, October 4th Join National Park Services volunteers Bill and Sandy Hood Time: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm for a sight-seeing trip to see the Cost: $100/$150 (includes box lunch and beverages) hanging canyons of Colorado National Monument. We will This is a one-day trip that will show the range of gas develop- follow the Rim Rock Road across ment activities in a highly productive basin on the Western the monument and enjoy the Slope of Colorado. Stops will show a range of activities, including scenic overlooks as we make the exploration, fracing, development and production, with on-site 19 mile trip along the canyon discussions and instruction. Both the geological and engineer- rims. We will talk a bit about ing aspects will be on display for gas development in one of the how this spectacular landscape classic “tight gas sands” plays. developed and tell you about colorful John Otto, the person Geology & Geologic Hazards who did more than anyone else of the Uncompahgre River Valley Area in to get the area set aside as a Montrose County national monument. Toward Photo provided by Grand Junction the end of the trip we will stop Visitor & Convention Bureau. Date: Sunday, October 4th at the Visitor Center where you Time: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm can purchase souvenirs, look at the exhibits and perhaps take a short hike.

6 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org October 3-7, 2009 Field Trips

Ouray Hot Springs Spanning 1.7 billion years of earth history, the rocks of Colorado National Monument tell a remarkable tale of ancient moun- Date: Monday, October 5th tains, a northward-drifting continent and millions of years of Time: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm erosion. A short hike will take us onto an ancient bed of No Cost: $80/$120 (lunch is on your own) Thoroughfare Creek, then down into the modern creek to see This trip will travel southeast to the city of Ouray, which is the results of flash flooding. The drive along Rim Rock Drive surrounded by the stunning beauty of the towering San Juan will give ample time to discuss the stratigraphy and the forma- Mountains. In Ouray, we will enjoy the 250 by 150 foot public tion of the hanging canyons that are the main feature of the pool containing over a million gallons of crystal clear natural monument. We will stop briefly at the Visitor Center to see hot springs water, free from the strong smell of sulfur typical an animated story on the geologic history then descend to the of many hot springs. In addition to several soaking sections at Grand Valley, crossing one of the faults that elevated this part a variety of temperatures ranging from 96 to 106 degrees, the of the Uncompahgre Plateau. Then we will take a somewhat pool has a lap swimming section, a diving area, a large slide, longer path back to the convention to allow participants to get and a shallow section for younger children. a good look at the Redlands Fault.

Oil Rig Site Tour Grand Valley Winery Tour

Date: Tuesday, October 6th Date: Tuesday, October 6th Time: 12:00 noon to 5:00 pm Time: 12:00 noon to 5:00 pm Cost: $75/$120 (includes transportation, Cost: $75/$120 (includes box lunch and beverages admissions,box lunch and bottled water Leader: Robert Fakundiny, CPG-04977 This trip will visit a Helmerich and Payne FlexRig 4, a high This trip will visit several wineries in the Grand Valley efficiency rig that is capable of drilling 22 wells from one pad where you will enjoy not only the beautiful Colorado scenery, and can drill and complete wells simultaneously. This trip will but also the award winning wines of the area. also tour the Williams Parachute Creek Gas Plant which pro- cesses the gas they produce in the Piceance Basin. Long pants and sturdy shoes are required (no sandals).

Water System Operations in the Grand Valley

Date: Tuesday, October 6th Time: 12:00 noon to 5:00 pm Cost: $75/$120 (includes box lunch and beverages Leader: David Merritt The Grand Junction Valley of Colorado (so named because it grew at the junction of the Grand and the Gunnison Rivers) is the home to five irrigation entities, four municipal/domestic water providers and three endangered Colorado River fishes. On this tour, you will see how all of these interests can coexist to make the best use of a limited and important river.

Colorado National Monument Photo provided by Grand Junction Visitor & Date: Tuesday, October 6th Convention Bureau. Time: 12:00 noon to 5:00 pm Cost: $75/$120 (includes box lunch and beverages Leader: Bill Hood, CPG-02185

www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 7 October 3-7, 2009

Field Trips

Origins of Unaweep Canyon Mass Movement/Landslides

Date: Wednesday, October 7th Date: Wednesday, October 7th Time: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm Time: 12:00 noon to 5:00 pm Cost: $100/$150 (includes box lunch and beverages) Cost: $75/$120 (includes box lunch and beverages) Leader: Bill Hood, CPG-02185, Andres Aslan and Leader: Jon White Rex Cole This field trip offers the opportunity to visit an important active Unaweep Canyon, a spectacular wind gap that crosses the landslide that is affecting Interstate 70 in DeBeque Canyon. The Uncompahgre Plateau, has been the subject of controversy landslide is located in Mesa County of west-, since it was first described by members of the Hayden Survey 20 miles (32 km) east of Grand Junction. The landslide complex of 1875. Which river or rivers flowed through the canyon? How has displaced the south wall of a 500-ft (152-m) deep canyon thick is the valley fill? Has the canyon been glaciated? If so, that was incised by the Colorado River into Cretaceous Mesa was it Pleistocene glaciation or was it late Paleozoic glacia- Verde Group sedimentary strata. Recent investigations show tion? What do Pleistocene lake beds add to the story? What do the landslide complex exhibiting several mechanisms of both the Colorado River terraces near Grand Junction tell us about rock and soil-type slope failures, including rockmass shearing, the timing of abandonment of the canyon? On this trip we will block gliding and toppling, and translational and rotational enjoy the beautiful scenery of the canyon, review the history of soil-type movements. thought about the canyon, look at some of the evidence and tell This field trip will be visiting an active landslide where there you about the controversies. Join us for a fun day and come to are dangerous high cliffs and ground openings. A moderate your own conclusions about this interesting canyon. to strenuous 1-mile hike is required were we will climb to the top of the land- Late Jurassic Dinosaur Localities of slide. Care is need- Rabbit Valley ed by the field trip participant about Date: Wednesday, October 7th where they walk on Time: 12:00 noon to 5:00 pm the landslide. The Cost: $75/$120 (includes box lunch and beverages) landslide fissures Leader: John Foster and and cliff edges may be unstable and, West of Grand Junction, almost to Utah, lies Rabbit Valley, where furrows exist, an area of exposure of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation unknown soil bridg- that contains dozens of bone localities. We will visit sev- es in overlying loess eral of these, starting with the Mygatt-Moore Quarry, which may be spanning since 1981 has yielded open fissures. more than 5,000 bones belonging to at least seven species of Jurassic 2-Day Field Trip-San Juan dinosaurs, includ- Geology/Mining History ing the first Jurassic ankylosaur known Date: Thursday, October 8th-Friday, October 9th from North America, Time: Depart at 8:00 am from the DoubleTree Mymoorapelta. Other Cost: $425/$450 (includes transportation box lunch, dinosaurs found beverages, and single occupancy overnight in Rabbit Valley accommodations) include Apatosaurus, Leader: Rob Blair, CPG-10779 and Allosaurus, Stegosaurus, and Camptosaurus. We will then Bob Larson, CPG-04682 visit the Museum of Western Colorado and see dinosaur mate- This Field Trip will begin at Inspiration Point on Loghill Mesa, rial from this area on display, in the research collections, and overlooking the sedimentary stratigraphy on the boundary of undergoing preparation in the lab. the San Juan Volcanic Field and the Sneffles Range. Following this introduction and a summary of the geological history, the

8 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org October 3-7, 2009 Field Trips tour will travel to Ouray, Colorado, through the sedimentary, sides of the continental divide tap its waters. This two-day field pre-volcanic sequence and visit Box Canon Falls. A short hike trip will take participants up river from Grand Junction to the will be required to view the classic angular unconformity from headwaters and back down again through some of Colorado’s the “high bridge” in the Box Canon Park. The tour will then finest scenery including the Roaring Fork Valley, Independence proceed to the Camp Bird Mine via 4-wheel drive tour vehicles, Pass, Camp Hale, and Glenwood Canyon. Along the way we will viewing the sedimentary-volcanic contact and the lower units visit important agricultural canal diversions, trans-mountain of the San Juan tuff-breccia. The geology and mining history diversion facilities, and geologic features that characterize this of the Camp Bird Mine great river system. There will also be opportunity to learn the will be discussed and basics of Colorado Water Law. we will then travel to *Cancellation of 2-day field trips made between 8/31/09 and the Revenue-Virginius 9/16/09 will be assessed $150 to cover hotel cancellation fees Mine, for similar dis- and/or room charges. cussions. We will con- tinue towards Yankee Boy Basin and as time Surface Coal Mining and Reclamation, permits discuss geolo- NW Colorado gy and the mine histo- ry, but allowing for an Date: Thursday, October 8th-Friday, October 9th early evening return Time: Depart at 8:00 am from the DoubleTree to Ouray where dinner Cost: $325/$350 (includes transportation box lunch, and a possible soak in the Hot Springs pool can be enjoyed. beverages, and single occupancy overnight accommodations) The following morning a bus trip will go south on Highway 550 Leader: Jim Burnell, MEM-0205 towards Red Mountain Pass and Silverton, where discussions will be made of the Precambrian through Tertiary volcanic This NW Colorado coal trip will visit two large surface coal stratigraphy and mining history. The Silverton Caldera will be mines in Moffat County, Colorado. The Colowyo Mine (a Rio viewed and the history of the Idarado Mine, the Red Mountain Tinto company) and the Trapper Mine (Trapper Mining) extract Mining District, and the Silverton area mines will be discussed. coal from multiple seams of the Cretaceous Williams Fork The bus will depart from Silverton so that an early evening Formation. Combined, the two mines produce approximately return can be made to Grand Junction, backtracking over Red 10 million tons of low-sulfur coal per year. Both mines have Mountain Pass and Ouray to Grand Junction. won numerous awards for their reclamation, particularly for restoration of habitat for sharp-tailed and sage grouse. On many *Cancellation of 2-day field trips made between 8/31/09 and days, large herds of elk can be seen on the reclamation. The trip 9/16/09 will be assessed $150 to cover hotel cancellation fees will view the mining and reclamation activities on the Trapper and/or room charges. Mine on Thursday, stay overnight in the area, visit the larger Colowyo Mine on Friday and return to Grand Junction Friday 2-Day Field Trip-Colorado River Headwaters & afternoon. Trans-Mountain Diversions *Cancellation of 2-day field trips made between 8/31/09 and 9/16/09 will be assessed $150 to cover hotel cancellation fees th th Date: Thursday, October 8 -Friday, October 9 and/or room charges. Time: Depart at 8:00 am from the DoubleTree Cost: $325/$350 (includes transportation box lunch, beverages, and single occupancy overnight accommodations) Leader: Peter Barkman, CPG-09524 and David Merritt “Lifeblood of the West”, sourced by snowmelt high along the continental divide, the Colorado River flows west from the Rocky Mountains through Colorado supplying water for much of the region along its way. A thriving agricultural economy on the west slope is sustained by the river and urban regions on both www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 9 October 3-7, 2009 Short Courses Subsurface Data Management, Analysis and Two-Phase Extraction - Innovative Applications Visualization using Rockworks with Multiple Remediation Technologies and Recirculation Date: Friday, October 2nd Time: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm Date: Saturday, October 3rd Location: Mesa State College Computer Lab Time: 9:00 am to 4:00 pm Maximum: Limited to 12 attendees Location: DoubleTree Hotel Cost: $175 Cost: $99 CEU’s: 1 CEU from Mesa State College This short course will give attendees a clear understanding of This hands-on short course will be focused on the management, how two-phase and multiphase extraction can be applied in analysis, and visualization of subsurface data based on bore- the field. Attendees will be able to make intelligent decisions holes, measured sections, surface samples, etc. Specific topics in selecting remediation alternatives related to two-phase include the management of geophysical, geotechnical, ana- extraction, and will understand how vacuum assisted extraction lytical, lithologic, stratigraphic, hydrologic, and structural data methods work in subsurface. This workshop will be beneficial from vertical, inclined, and deviated boreholes and measured for project managers, consultants, geologists, hydrogeologists, sections. Output and analytical topics will include surface mod- engineers, industry representatives, agency representatives, els, striplogs, cross sections, fence diagrams, and solid modeling. and government representatives who perform or evaluate dif- Special emphasis will be placed on three-dimensional graphics ferent remediation techniques. and computing the volume and mass properties of geological Each attendee will receive a handout package consists of the features such as contaminant plumes, ore bodies, aquifers, and course notes, two-phase extraction pilot test procedures and hydrocarbon reservoirs. data forms and checklist for selecting two-phase extraction Registration fee includes morning coffee and pastries, box lunch, as a remedial alternatives. Attendees are encouraged to bring break, materials. their case information to discuss if two-phase extraction can be Instructors for this course are Jim Reed, Director of Research a viable alternative to consider a pilot test. and Development, RockWare, Inc., and Alison Alcott, Trainer Instructors for this course are Mehmet Pehlivan, MEM-1546, and Geological Consultant, RockWare, Inc. PG, CHG, Leighton Consulting, Inc., Irvine, California and James A. Jacobs, CPG-07760, PG, CHG, Environmental Bio Systems, Mill Valley, California. GIS I-Intro To ArcGIS for the Earth Scientist

Date: Saturday, October 3rd Techniques for Giving Technical Presentations Time: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm Location: Mesa State College Computer Lab Date: Sunday, October 4th Maximum: Limited to 12 attendees Time: 8:00 pm to 12:00 noon Cost: $175 Location: DoubleTree Hotel CEU’s: 1 CEU from Mesa State College Cost: $45 This course will cover introductory GIS geared towards the Throughout the year most of us will attend one or more pro- earth scientist. The participants will learn how to build ArcGIS fessional meetings where technical presentations are given. database and how to import maps and overlays. The course Generally, these presentations range from good to excellent in will be taught at the GIS/GPS lab at the Mesa State College content, but more toward the poor end in delivery. This work- campus. This state-of-the-art facility offers the participants shop is intended to provide us all with some techniques to make the opportunity to work with the newest technology including our next technical presentation a memorable one. Topics to be ArcGIS 9.3. covered are the do’s and don’ts of PowerPoint, the use of notes, Registration fee includes morning coffee and pastries, box lunch, speaker do’s and don’ts, and more. If you are scheduled to give break, materials. a presentation anytime soon, this is a must attend workshop that will benefit both young and old professionals. Instructors for this course are Verner Johnson, Mesa State University, James Russell, CPG-07338, Summit Data Services/ Instructors for the course are Graham Closs, CPG-07288, GIS Coordinator, Gilpin County, CO. Colorado School of Mines and Lawrence A. Cerrillo, CPG- 02763, Hydrogeologist/Mediator/Facilitator/Arbitrator.

10 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org October 3-7, 2009 Short Courses Introduction To GPS Technology Natural Resource and Reserve Definitions

Date: Sunday, October 4th Date: Sunday, October 4th Time: 1:00 pm to 5:00 pm Time: 1:00 pm to 5:00 pm Location: Mesa State College Computer Lab Location: DoubleTree Tree Maximum: Limited to 12 attendees Cost: $99 Cost: $125 This ½-day short course will review the evolution of the reserve CEU’s: .5 CEU from Mesa State College and resource definitions over the past 100 years. Current areas This workshop will introduce the basics of GPS technology, of agreement, disagreement, and public confusion over current how it is implemented in a professional environment, and mining, petroleum, and governmental resource and reserve gives attendees hands-on experience in the use of field data classification systems will be highlighted. Anyone involved in collection software and hardware. In addition, this workshop estimating natural resources or reserves or who uses these will demonstrate workflows related to field/office data integra- estimates should attend. tion with new geographic information systems such as ESRI’s Instructor for this short course is David Abbott, CPG-04570, ARCGIS Server 9.3. Consulting Geologist LLC. Registration includes break and classroom materials. Instructors for this workshop are Verner Johnson, Mesa State University, James Russell, CPG-07338, Summit Data Services/GIS Coordinator, Gilpin County, CO, and Mike George, Northline GIS. SSaturdayaturday - WWednesdayednesday A Continental breakfast, lunch In Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Ethenes: and afternoon breaks will be avail- DNAPL Source Zones able to all registrants FREE-OF- Date: Sunday, October 4th CHARGE at the DoubleTree Hotel. Time: 1:00 pm to 5:00 pm If you are attending a field trip, Location: DoubleTree Hotel Cost: $125 boxed lunches and beverages will This course will review DNAPL source treatment technology be provided. which is designed to 1) reduce the mass of contaminants within the source area and 2) prevent migration of contaminants above unacceptable levels. The enhanced ISB technology reduces source mass and controls flux through the enhanced dissolution and desorption of DNAPL constituents into the aqueous phase, and subsequent microbially mediated degradation processes. Enhanced ISB of DNAPL source zones has been demonstrated Reserve Your Hotel Room Now effectively in the field at a few chlorinated solvent sites. Instructors for this course are Naji Akladiss, P.E., Maine DoubleTree Hotel Department of Environmental Protection, Larry Syverson, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Hans Stroo, (970) 241-8888 SERDP/ESTCP, Wilson Clayton, Aquifer Solutions, Inc., Ryan Wymore, Camp, Dresser & McKee, Inc., and David W. Major, Geosyntec Consultants. Meeting Code-Grand Junction 2009 To receive discounted rates

www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 11 October 3-7, 2009 Social Events

Welcome Reception

Date: Sunday, October 4th 2009 AIPG Annual Meeting Time: 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm Grand Junction, Colorado Location: DoubleTree Hotel Cost: Included with Registration Please visit the AIPG website for the most current and up to date information. This is a chance to get to know your fellow colleagues attending the annual meeting. This Sunday evening reception is the per- www.aipg.org fect opportunity to renew acquaintances, meet new people, and visit exhibitors. The reception will feature a cash bar and hors d’oeuvres.

Awards, Dinner and Entertainment

Date: Tuesday, October 6th Time: 6:30 pm to 8:30 pm Location: DoubleTree Hotel Cost: $60 Tuesday evening will be a pleasant one in the company of friends and colleagues. The festivities will begin with the AIPG National Awards presentation. Dinner and entertainment will follow. This event is intended to be informal, relaxing, and an opportunity for all attendees to meet and socialize.

Meet and Reminisce Should I become a CPG? Date: Wednesday, October 7th Time: 6:00 pm to 9:00 pm Have a you been thinking about upgrading Location: DoubleTree Hotel your membership to CPG? If the answer is yes, Cost: $25 What are your waiting for? To find out if you have the qualifications go AIPG will celebrate 50 years soon. It has been noted that a few of to Article 2.3.1 of the AIPG Bylaws. The AIPG our members are getting a bit on in years. Unfortunately, many Bylaws can be found on the AIPG website or have also gone on to more heavenly pursuits. The 2009 annual the directory. meeting in Grand Junction Colorado will include a keg and kicks evening to encourage a gathering of young and old for a non- The CPG application can be found on the structured reminisce and ruminate session. Old-timers will have website under ‘How to Join’. Just follow the an opportunity to relate stories such as those by past President instructions. The basic paperwork includes Russ Slayback in recent TPG articles, and perhaps newer AIPG the application, application fee, transcripts, members can provide their perspectives into today’s approaches geological experience verification and spon- to career and association life. All are certainly invited to come and sors. share a relaxing evening. We suspect there are a great many stories If you have any questions, you may contact with pertinent lessons to be learned from all geologic disciplines. Vickie Hill, Manager of Membership Services Hors d’oeuvres and a cash bar will be available! at [email protected] or call headquarters at 303- 412-6205.

www.aipg.org

12 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org October 3-7, 2009 Exhibitor Opportunities

www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 13 October 3-7, 2009 Sponsorship Opportunities

14 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org October 3-7, 2009

www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 15

EDITOR’S CORNER Taxes, Haiti, and Outreach to Students

Robert A. Stewart, CPG-08332

These three seemingly unrelated top- these things), but to illuminate the salt, in small plastic packets, from the ics reflect the fact that most of this issue’s work area. At the end of this mess was Waste Isolation Pilot Project (WIPP) in column was written on April 15, the a 50-foot gap, open to the ramp, which New Mexico. I acquired these samples deadline for me to review the May/June I almost missed, my night vision almost from a WIPP exhibit booth at an AEEG TPG, reflect on events since writing the non-existent, if not for an 18-wheeler in meeting a few years ago, thinking I could last column, and, of course, get my tax front of me whose driver saw over the recycle them somehow for students – the returns in. work vehicles and made the turn at the samples were wildly popular at the GSA This year my wife and I e-filed on last second. The exit for the post office meeting and made for a good conversa- the 14th, and mailed a check for what is the first after merging onto I-91, and tion starter, and my garage is slightly we owed, with a voucher, on the same it quickly became apparent that half of less cluttered. Tim Stone, CPG, joined day. So far, so good, low stress, and con- Hartford County was in the same boat me for a day, and saved me the embar- venient, right? Not so fast. At 9:30 p.m. with their tax returns. So with the clock rassment of puzzling over the assembly of on the 15th we got an email response winding down, and the post office park- the AIPG display, despite plenty of early- from the IRS that our e-filing had been ing lot as busy as a land office during a childhood experience with Tinkertoys. rejected, and the reason provided didn’t gold rush, I found parking with a few The GSA meeting included two excellent make sense. Too late to figure it all minutes to spare. At any rate, I made it luncheon opportunities for students: out, we printed and signed the forms, in time, had the envelope date-stamped, the John Mann Mentors in Applied assembled the attachments and W-2 and resigned my fate to the IRS, which Hydrogeology Program, and the Roy J. statements, and I jumped in the car hopefully won’t identify my occupation Shlemon Mentor Program in Applied for the half hour drive to the Weston as a geologist for an automatic audit. Geoscience. These events give geoscience Street post office in Hartford, which is And on the way home my Subaru didn’t students an opportunity to meet with always open until midnight on the 15th. turn into a pumpkin. geoscience practitioners, mostly from The fastest way to the post office is I-84 This issue of TPG includes two articles outside academia. The AIPG booth was east to I-91 north. The confluence of on Haiti. Adamson and Dykstra describe near the luncheon area, and the many the two interstate highways is in the the detailed geological investigation interested students got the opportunity middle of Hartford, and is a dangerous, used successfully to identify a favorable to learn about our organization and its messy interchange at the best of times. location for a water supply well in the importance for students and young prac- Before leaving the house, I checked the northern part of the country. The United titioners in terms of networking and Connecticut DOT’s website for motor States and Canada are blessed with a professional advancement. Professional vehicle accidents blocking the road – all water supply that is mostly abundant meetings are great venues to publicize clear. And here’s where the practical and pathogen-free, although climate AIPG to students and others, and I urge joke continues. Although there were no change and population growth into arid you to try it if possible. Your presence and reported accidents, the website notices areas have resulted in stresses similar experience will be appreciated. did not include the presence of DOT to those on Haiti. Popkin discusses prob- contractor with a work crew at the lems of accelerated erosion and flooding I-91 on-ramp. The DOT had closed two related to land-use practices near Port- lanes for a mile leading up to the work Au-Prince, also issues that are shared by Call for Articles area, traffic was crawling, and the clock the . For a highly enjoyable was ticking down toward midnight. The perspective on some of these matters, I Articles are always welcome for off-ramp to I-91 had been transformed recommend John McPhee’s The Control the TPG publications. For more into a 500-foot goulash of police cruis- of Nature. information on how to submit your article for publication, please ers with red-and-blue lights flashing, I represented AIPG at the Northeast visit the AIPG website. Locate highway signs and barriers with yellow Section meeting of the Geological Society the ‘Author Article Instructions’ warning blinkers, and blinding, white of America in Portland, Maine this past on the right side of the drop down klieg lights with the intensity of the sun March. Exhibit booths are always more arrow. The AIPG website is www. pointing at oncoming traffic, presumably successful if you can provide swag that aipg.org. not just for the sake of annoyance and appeals to your audience. I brought confusion, (but I often wonder about along a few dozen small samples of rock

www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 17 SECTION NEWS

Arizona Section west Georgia on February 4, 2009. We I usually sit down with the chairman spent most of the time crawling around and find out what is new with them Greetings Arizona Section in Howard’s Waterfall Cave. When we and tell them some of the activities we Members, Supporters, Guests and would stop to rest and talk about the are doing. Fellow Geologists: This first news- geology of the cave, the young kids that letter of 2009 brings you a wealth of Ron Wallace, came along would want to turn out the Georgia Section President information on AIPG Arizona Section lights. Late in the afternoon we drove and AIPG National activities, and what over to Pettijohn’s Cave and only spent Illinois/Indiana Section is happening in the State of Arizona, a few hours there. The rocks were really regionally and nationally related to the slick so we didn’t go very far into the cave. Fall 2009 Illinois-Indiana Section geology profession. On February 13, We all had a great time and I would like Meeting. The Illinois-Indiana Section 2009 the Arizona Section hosted a din- to thank Cal Johnson for again leading of AIPG is pleased to announce that ner with the AIPG National Executive this field trip. the Fall 2009 meeting will be held Committee and Headquarters staff. The Hope to see more of our members on at the Morton Arboretum on October next morning the Arizona Section held 21, 2009. This meeting will be our its annual meeting in Tucson at the future outings. You can’t stay at your desk and not get out! Annual Vendor Networking Night. Arizona Geological Survey office. The The Morton Arboretum is not only is a Section hosted 15 members and 20 Student Members. Each year our sec- terrific venue, it also has the advantage guests, including the AIPG National of being centrally located within the Executive Committee and Headquarters Chicago area. Moreover, it is convenient staff, and several distinguished guests to have our meetings in a well-known within the profession. location. Our meeting will be in the new Arizona Board of Technical Visitor’s Center which has a wonderful Registration. On behalf of the section, view of the lake and the majestic sur- Erick Weiland provided a letter to the roundings. This will be an evening meet- Arizona Board of Technical Registration ing to accommodate everyone’s busy in coordination with the Association schedules with a start time of 6 pm and of Environmental and Engineering wrapping up at about 9 pm. As with Geologists (AEG), recommending a swift our previous meetings, there will be no nomination for the replacement of Dawn charge for AIPG members (non-members Garcia as the geologist representation Group shot before we got dirty are asked for a donation). Snacks will on the Board, as her term has expired. be provided, along with a cash bar for AIPG would like to express our thanks refreshments. to Dawn Garcia for her time and efforts The Value of AIPG. Ramona Cornea, on behalf of the geologists in the State CPG-08983, LandTech, Inc. I graduated as our representative to the Board of from the Institute of Oil, Gas and Geology Technical Registration and through it in Bucharest, Romania in 1970, with a to the Association of State Boards of MS degree in Geophysical Prospecting. Geologist (ASBOG) and the administra- This was a technical institute prepar- tion of the geology exam that it provides. ing, among others, professionals for Thank you Dawn – your efforts are much geological and geophysical engineering. appreciated! For the next 22 years I worked full time as a geophysical engineer in Romania California Section Stalagmites in Howard’s Waterfall with various geological enterprises. I Welcome To Mark Rogers. The also obtained a PhD degree from the University of Bucharest, Romania in California Section of AIPG welcomes tion asks each of the universities that offer 1986. Mark Rogers to California. Mark now a geology degree to nominate one student lives in the Long Beach area. He has that our section will pay their student After my immigration to the USA been on the AIPG National Executive membership. The five students for 2009 in 1992, I was determined to meet Committee, the Advisory Board and has are: Andrea McHugh - Georgia Southern, American geologists and, if possible, to held other leadership posts as well. He Morgan Warren - Georgia State, Justin continue working in the geological field. was active in the Alaska and Hawaii Griffin - Georgia Southwestern, Mike Thus I contacted the American Institute Sections prior to coming to California. Kocsis - University of Georgia, Rochelle of Professional Geologists (AIPG), the He has agreed to serve the California Petruccelli - University of West Georgia. only national organization at that time Section as Secretary. We are grateful to I have met two of the students so far and that could officially certify my creden- have Mark as a member and our gain is have ordered membership certificates tials in the geological sciences. AIPG the loss for the Hawaii Section. that we will frame and deliver to each had given me the names of its members university. I’ll probably start visiting residing in Aurora, Illinois area, and in Georgia Section the universities in either late March or this way I had the chance to meet Dr. William Lang. Despite my heavy accent, Last Field Trip. We had a great in April. Georgia Southern has asked me Bill kindly took the time to listen to my turn out of students from Georgia State, to come to their award picnic on May 1, geological expertise and invited me to West Georgia, and University of Georgia 2009. If any member is an alumni and the AIPG Illinois Section, AEG meetings to attend our caving field trip to north- would like to come along, let me know.

18 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org SECTION NEWS

and ISGS workshops. I got immediately that our section has become active again, promotes integrity and ethical behav- accepted by fellow geologists as we dis- having so many participants to our ior. covered many professional affinities. semiannual meetings. Thus, each year • Providing liability insurance and a I felt like I was back home among my at the time of renewing the membership full line of health, life, and accident Romanian geologist friends when in application, I’m doing it without asking insurance. American geologists’ company. I real- myself what AIPG is doing for me. I • Hosting annual meetings where ized that before belonging to a nation renew without any hesitation, but with industry leaders present publications or nationality we, geologists, belong pride and confidence that I belong to the to keep you on the leading edge of the to a large geological family. It was so right group of geology professionals. industry. comforting! Why AIPG? Jeff Groncki, CPG-11118, • Offering an online job board where you Dr. Lang offered me not only a job Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. “Why AIPG?” is a can post a resume or new employment at his environmental geology business, question that each of us have had to opportunity. Strata Power, but a recommendation to answer at some point in our career. • Offering discounts on AIPG publica- become a Certified Professional Geologist The short answer is Value. Providing tions. (CPG). I presented my application, proof value to members is possibly the biggest of studies and experience to the AIPG challenge AIPG faces. It is important to • Providing access to resources that will and I was granted the CPG certification understand the resources and benefits keep you on the forefront of emerging in no time. I cannot express how happy available to you as member of AIPG or as legislation and policies that will help and proud I was to belong to the largest a Certified Professional Geologist (CPG); you serve your clients by being able American association dedicated to pro- this will allow you to help promote AIPG to foresee their problems and correct moting geology as a profession. as a group and encourage professionals them before they realize. As a CPG member, I participated and students to get more involved in • Offering award recognition for out- to the Illinois-Indiana Section and got AIPG activities. As an organization, one standing professionals and scholar- to know other brilliant geologists like of AIPG’s missions is to promote high ship opportunities for students. Dick Berg, Myrna Killey, Bill Dixon, standards of ethical conduct within the • Providing individuals opportunities and Beverly Herzog. We have gotten to geological profession. AIPG National for networking with other geologists know each other during field trips and provides value to members by offering that have similar professional and had lots of fun sharing our professional the following core services: ethical standards. experiences. • Certifying professional geologists In addition, the Illinois/Indiana Then I started participating to the based on their competence, integ- Section provides value by offering the AIPG national annual meetings and met rity, and ethics. Earning the title of following additional value: geologists from other states. I immedi- CPG enhances your credibility with • Hosting biannual meetings that fea- ately had the same feeling of coming clients, regulators, legal counsel, and ture technical presentations, legal home. These annual meetings provided your employer and demonstrates your issues, and regulatory updates. At me with the chance to take field trips led personal commitment to achievement one of the biannual meetings we also by prominent geologists of the host state, and continuing development. invite contractors, including drillers, and learn the applied geology specific to • Providing a collective voice for geolo- remediation vendors, laboratories, each state. So far, I have learned about gists to the state and federal govern- waste disposal companies, and oth- the geology of Wisconsin, New York, ment on issues that affect geologists. ers to attend and participate in an Kentucky, Minnesota, and Michigan. • Publishing and distributing a bi- evening of networking. By making During these trips I also felt as if I was monthly magazine to all members the meetings free to AIPG members traveling back in time because I felt that presents like a geology college student again. I a wide range was most impressed by the quaternary of articles geology that is not well represented in that deal Romania, but also with the crystalline with real structures of Minnesota and Michigan, issues rou- the caves and sinkholes of Kentucky, and tinely faced basement rocks of the Big Apple were by geolo- also quite impressive. And I’m not even gists and a mentioning the beauty of the nature in thought pro- fall colors and the fun. voking ethics The AIPG annual meetings have column that given me the chance to continue my pro- consistently fessional activity by holding presenta- offers guid- tions at the technical sections and being ance to young informed on the geological advance- profession- Illinois/Indiana Section Board Members and Guest Speakers – 2008 Fall ments in other geological fields. als and is Meeting: from left to right: David Pyles (KPRG and Associates, Inc.), Craig Also, I met the people in the head- paramount McCammack (V3 Companies), Jeff Groncki (Malcolm Pirnie, Inc.), Erik Spande quarters and the Board of AIPG which to maintain- (CH2M HILL), Marzi Sharfaei (Malcolm Pirnie, Inc.), Jessica Wallace (KPRG inspired me to join the section board ing an orga- and Associates, Inc.), Martin Hamper (Arcadis), Dan St. Germain (Malcolm where I have held the position of trea- nization that Pirnie, Inc & AIPG President), Neil Sturchio (University of Illinois at Chicago), surer for the last two years. I’m proud and Ramona Cornea (LandTech, Inc.).

www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 19 SECTION NEWS

we continue to provide an incredible and; 3) Under Michigan: The Story of Continuing Education-AIPG en- opportunity for professionals to net- Michigan’s Rocks and Fossils by Charles courages all members to further their work and learn. Ferguson Barker. The books will be careers by keeping up to date with our • Publishing a semi-annual newslet- used for exploration and reinforcement chosen field. For recent CPGs continuing ter to keep members informed about of earth science concepts. They will also education is a must. Most professional Section business and upcoming events. be used for the instruction of non-fiction fields are requiring it or are leaning We invite you to submit any recently reading. The books will ultimately be toward it. Check with the AIPG website published articles to the AIPG Section housed in the either the library or to find out how easy it can be update your board for inclusion in a future news- Learning Center, so they are available resume. AIPG offers some on line cours- letter. for use in any Wilcox classroom. es and outlines what constitutes con- Our Section is here to serve its mem- Jason Lagowski, tinuing education to keep up with your bership, so please feel free to contact any Michigan Section Vice President & certification as well as requirements for board member regarding any issues of Awards Committee Chairman state licensing. Always remember that concern or any hot topics that you would AIPG is here to support you and help you. like to see featured at one of our meetings There is a great staff available to answer or in one of our newsletters. or help you with continuing education.- just call or email. Increasing your involvement in AIPG will open up many doors and increase South Dakota Section your visibility in the professional arena. In addition, obtaining CPG status will, by 2009 John Paul Gries “Geologist association, include yourself in a group of the Year” Award. The South Dakota of professionals known for competence, Section of the American Institute of integrity, and ethics that will make you Professional Geologists is pleased to more marketable in the geologic com- announce that Dr. Jack A. Redden, munity. I encourage you to get involved emeritus professor at the South Dakota and make an effort to take advantage of School of Mines and Technology, has the value that AIPG offers. Students examining Michigan rocks at Wilcox been selected to receive the 2009 John Elementary School in Holt with their Paul Gries “Geologist of the Year” Award Michigan Section new books. for his exceptional work in the field of geology. Dr. Redden recently published Reminder of Section Awards a landmark publication through the Nominations This will be my third year U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) titled as a member of the executive committee, “Maps Showing Geology, Structure, and as well as the chairperson for the Awards Geophysics of the Central Black Hills, program. I am looking forward to the South Dakota” which represents the remainder of 2009 under the direction culmination of over fifty years of geologic of our new President Sara Pearson. For mapping and interpretation in the Black those of you who were at the December Hills region. Release of this publication annual meeting, Sara won the award for elevates comprehension of Black Hills outstanding contribution to the Section geology to a level of detail and accuracy for 2008 and joins a distinguished group never before achieved, and this publica- of former winners. I would like to take tion will serve as the standard portrayal this opportunity to remind the member- Michigan Section Members enjoying dinner of Black Hills geology at this scale for ship that we have the Awards program to before the presentation by Patty Brandt of the years to come. acknowledge our members’ contribution MDEQ-RRD. to AIPG and to foster the earth sciences through our educational grants. We are currently in the process of updating Pennsylvania Section our webpage which when complete will include links to the nomination forms Growing Greener Program for our internal awards and the forms Governor Rendell is still pushing an for the educational grants. I encourage aggressive agenda for this Pennsylvania th all of you to take advantage of these program. As you know, On May 17 2005 programs in 2009. What follows is a the state’s voters approved expanding summary of how our 2008 Educational and continuing the existing program. Award Grant has been used by Wilcox Hundreds of millions of dollars are Elementary School in Holt. The educa- being spent to clean our environment tional grant was used to purchase: 1) and quality of life. Much of these dollars Lake Michigan Rock Picker’s Guide by will be distributed through municipal Kevin Gauthier and Bruce Mueller (class governments to create new growth in set)/Lake Superior Rock Picker’s Guide core communities as well develop new by Kevin Gauthier and Bruce Mueller; opportunities for PA citizens. Are there still opportunities for your firm? Just The award was presented to Dr. Redden at 2) The Complete Guide to Petoskey Stones the Journey Museum on March 21, 2009. by Bruce Mueller and William H. Wilde, research the programs.

20 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org SECTION NEWS

until May 1, so publication The Professional Geologist. until that date we The position taken by your university will work with the president is a positive example of how a Provost to make proactive response from the profession certain that the can make a difference. I am thankful Department’s that several AIPG members took the position is secure. time to get involved and demonstrate From all our the importance and relevance of geosci- faculty, staff and ences to the administration at MTSU. students, I thank We should now be about acknowledging each of you who and commending Dr. McPhee’s decision wrote letters and to support the department. This is a emails on our very fortunate turn of events for which behalf. During we can take some gratification - but no This photo was taken March 18, 2009 during the AIPG South Dakota a meeting with rest. This issue will likely come back and Section Annual Meeting in Pierre. The shot includes some of the attend- President McPhee will need the continued involvement of ees. Starting from the right: J.F. Sawyer, 2009 President, Gary Haag, Tom last Tuesday, he professional geoscientists to secure a Durkin, Tim Kenyon, Derric Iles, Jeff S. Hart, Larry Stetler, Bob Townsend, mentioned to our future for the department. Pat Emmons, Joanne Noyes, and Mike Meyer. Not shown are Damon faculty the many Thank you again for bringing this Powers, John Foster, Sheldon Hamann, and Bill Siok. supporting emails to our attention and agreeing to work and letters he with us to build a stronger relationship In addition to this latest publica- received on behalf between academics and the profession. tion, throughout his career Dr. Redden of Geosciences. They made a big differ- Larry Weber, PG, CPG has published numerous outstanding ence during his review of our depart- AIPG - Tennessee Section President publications on Black Hills geology and ment. I also thank all of you who called Past National President has become a leading expert on the or visited to provide advice and encour- stratigraphy, structure, and ore depos- agement. We are very fortunate to have its of rocks exposed in the Black Hills you all as loyal friends. uplift. Dr. Redden also has influenced During the next two years, we will and assisted thousands of students, review all aspects of the Department, Letter to the Editor colleagues, professional geologists, and including student recruitment, curri- interested lay persons, and he continues cula, and outreach to government and to serve as a wonderful source of geologic industry. Please contact me at any time Hello all, knowledge for those around him in his to offer suggestions as to how we can I just received a 25-year service pin current position as emeritus professor at continue to grow the Department and and a kind letter from John and Bill. the South Dakota School of Mines and prepare our students for post-graduate Technology. Very nice; thank you. academic and professional careers. I will Best regards, undoubtedly solicit your advice as we Michael Root, CPG-06386 Tennessee Section proceed through the review process. Yesterday afternoon, MTSU President If you get the chance, another short Sydney McPhee released his response to email to President McPhee (smcphee@ the MTSU ‘Positioning the University mtsu.edu) and Provost Kaylene Gebert for the Future’ steering committee’s ([email protected]) in support of the AIPG Section recommendation that the Department of decision to retain Geosciences would Websites Geosciences be eliminated or merged with be beneficial and appropriate. I believe AIPG Section Website links another department. I am very happy to that the President’s recommendation are on the AIPG National report that President McPhee disagrees to retain our department clearly shows Website at www.aipg.org. with the recommendation, and instead the MTSU administration values geosci- Click on the top right drop proposes that Geosciences continues to ences as a core academic discipline. operate as a single academic depart- down menu and click on Again, I thank you all for your sup- ment. He also proposes that Geosciences Section Websites. If your sec- port. be moved to a newly realigned College of tion does not have a website Arts and Sciences, which should greatly Warner Cribb contact AIPG Headquarters increase the Department’s visibility both Professor of Geology to get one setup (wjd@aipg. on and off campus. Furthermore, he sup- Middle Tennessee State University org). AIPG Headquarters will ports the formation of a university-wide Department of Geosciences maintain a website for your ‘E^4 Consortium’ (energy-environment- MTSU PO Box 9 section. Several sections (AZ, CA, CO, FL, GA, HI, IL education-economics), through which Murfreesboro TN 37132 Chapter, MI, MO, NM, OK, Geosciences can play a leading role 615-898-2379 PA, and TN) are examples in developing MTSU interdisciplinary Professor Cribb, of websites hosted by AIPG programs in energy, environment, and With your permission, I would like National. K-12 science education. The President’s to forward this letter to our AIPG head- recommendations will not be finalized quarters for possible inclusion in our

www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 21 MEMBERS IN THE NEWS

LBG Names Three New and Engineers (National Ground planning and development, environmen- Vice Presidents Water Association) and Environmental tal assessments, numerical flow and Professionals of Connecticut. solute transport modeling, quantitative Shelton, Connecticut -- Leggette, Based in LBG’s White Plains, New contamination evaluations, and litiga- Brashears & Graham, Inc. (LBG), a pro- York office, Mr. Benvegna has over 23 tion support. He specializes in applica- fessional ground-water and environmen- years of experience in the environmen- tion of numerical models to evaluate tal engineering services firm, has named tal consulting field. He learned from water resources as well as contaminant Michael Manolakas, CPG Applicant, the ground up at LBG, starting as an flow and contaminant transport in the John Benvegna, CPG-08276 and James intern in 1985, and he has a variety of subsurface, and has experience in field Beach vice presidents of the firm. contamination and water supply project hydrology and hydrogeology, and appli- Based in LBG’s Shelton, Connecticut experience. Over the course of his career cation of quantitative hydrology in the office, Mr. Manolakas’ 15 years of expe- he has been involved in all aspects of water resources arena. rience includes completion of numerous these projects from basic field work, Mr. Beach earned an M.S. degree Phase I through Phase III environmen- data evaluation and reporting, to over- in hydrology from the New Mexico tal site assessments as well as treatabil- all project/client management including Institute of Mining and Technology and ity studies, design of remedial systems, budgeting, client representation and a B.S. in hydrology from Tarleton State remedial cost estimating, remediation regulatory negotiation. University. He is a member of the of soils and ground water, ground-water A Certified Professional Geologist by American Geophysical Union and the flow and solute transport modeling, the American Institute of Professional Association of Ground-Water Scientists database management and GIS model- Geologists, Mr. Benvegna received a and Engineers (National Ground Water ing. He has managed sites undergoing B.S. degree in marine geology from Association). investigations and remediation as part Southampton College, Long Island Leggette, Brashears & Graham, Inc. of the RCRA Corrective Action, CTDEP University. He is member of the American was the first consulting firm in the Property Transfer Act Program, CTDEP Institute of Professional Geologists, United States to specialize in ground- Consent Order, CTDEP Voluntary and the Association of Ground-Water water geology. Over the last 60 years the Remediation Program and NYSDEC Scientists and Engineers (National firm has completed projects in 48 states Voluntary Cleanup Program. Ground Water Association). and 19 foreign countries. The firm has Mr. Manolakas is a Licensed Mr. Beach is located in the Austin expertise in almost every aspect of water Environmental Professional in Con- office of LBG-Guyton Associates. He supply, contamination and mine dewa- necticut. He holds a B.S. degree in is a Professional Geoscientist with 20 tering hydrogeology. Headquartered in geological sciences from The Ohio State years of experience in ground-water and Shelton, CT, LBG has 19 regional offices University and is a member of the surface-water hydrology, water resource throughout the Unite States. Association of Ground-Water Scientists

22 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

Robert G. Font, CPG-03953

1. “Serpentinization” is best represented by which one of the following equations?

a) Fe2SiO4 + ½ O2 +2H2O → Fe2O3 + Si(OH)4

b) CaCO3 + SiO2 → CaSiO3 + CO2

c) 5Mg2SiO4 + 4H2O → 2(OH)4Mg3Si2O5 + 4MgO + SiO2

2. We are evaluating the short-term slope stability of a 100% water-saturated clay. Which strength value is best to use?

a) The value of the “unconfined compressive strength”. b) One-half the value of the “unconfined compressive strength”. c) Twice the value of the “unconfined compressive strength”.

3. We have found specimens of the mineral “siderotil”. Which of the following best applies?

a) We have found a manganese silicate. b) We have encountered a hydrous sulfate of iron and copper. c) We have established the presence of iron carbonate.

4. This country is located just about entirely above the 60o north latitude line, is typified by very old bedrock of mainly Archean and Proterozoic age, has a complex history of Pre-Cambrian plate tectonic activity and associated rock deformation, plutonism, volca- nism and metamorphism, includes metallic ores (such as chromium, gold, silver, zinc and cobalt) as well as dia- mond-bearing “kimberlite” intrusive pipes as its natural resources and has four distinct geographical provinces:

a) Norway b) Estonia c) Finland

www.geodm.com or Answers on Pages 44 www.aipg.org

www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 23 CANDIDATE FOR AIPG NATIONAL PRESIDENT-ELECT 2010 Candidate for AIPG National President-Elect

Samuel W. Gowan, CPG-07284, Clifton Park, New York

I am honored to be selected as a can- These are not mere platitudes. I have rent activities and past experiences with didate for President-Elect of AIPG. The always stressed continuing education local organizations will bring value to underlying philosophy of AIPG is funda- in our geological consulting business National AIPG. mental to the manner with which I have and I recently encouraged our staff to It is important for AIPG to continue conducted my professional practice, and seek additional training opportunities to educate our membership, vet contro- I strongly believe it is fundamental to regardless of our work load and the eco- versial and relevant issues in the TPG, the survival of our profession as we face nomic downturn. We must strengthen and develop position statements. This many economic, resource, environmental ourselves even during difficult times. is necessary to maintain the relevance and political changes. The daily news is This philosophy has served us well as of AIPG and our profession as a whole. filled with issues related to services that we guided our company through two The importance of these actions were geologists provide, whether our services previous recessions. underscored in my recent experience include protection of the environment, I also work actively with our local and as the Chairman of the AIPG Ad Hoc development of natural resources, guid- statewide professional geology organiza- Committee on Climate Change. One ing public policy members, or educating tions to develop educational opportuni- of the many significant things that I the public. Geologists are, or should be, ties that are integrated with the goals learned from this effort is that geologists in the forefront of these activities, and of increasing revenues and member- do not always appreciate the value that AIPG is the professional organization ship for those organizations. I have our profession brings to the table on that is best suited to support geologists extensive experience with these chal- many key issues such as climate change. in those efforts. lenges as a co-founder and past president I sensed an undercurrent from our mem- The current economic downturn likely of the Hudson Mohawk Professional bership that the opinion of geologists is will shrink geological employment at a Geologists Association (HMPGA) and of little value and we should yield to our time when we need more practicing pro- past-president and current member of more esteemed colleagues in the other fessionals. The need for water resource the Board of Directors of the New York sciences. This is simply not true. In development and protection, environ- State Council of Professional Geologists regard to the climate change issue, geolo- mental impact mitigation and forecast- (NYSCPG), which is pursuing licensure gist’s expertise and opinions are critical ing, mineral resource evaluation and for geologists in New York State. At our to the discussion through chronicling the development, and energy resource devel- most recent annual meeting of NYSCPG, past conditions, observing current condi- opment, to name a few, are more impor- which was attended by current and past tions, and building on our knowledge to tant than ever in our history. Anything members of the NEAIPG Executive forecast future conditions. Geology is that AIPG can do to improve the quali- Committee, we formulated a conceptual fundamental to the discussion. fications of the practicing professional program for continuing education that I offer the issue of climate change only will make us stronger and enable us to may be a good model for AIPG. As the as an example. A lack of appreciation of be available when we are needed most national oversight organization, AIPG geologic relevance is evident in many by society. The AIPG strategic objective would work with local geology groups, applied projects and when we present of focusing on continuing education is statewide licensing organizations, and ourselves to the public. It is incumbent a key element. This is much more than regional AIPG sections that provide on AIPG, the advocate for the profession giving geologists another plaque on the the “boots on the ground” to adopt and of geology, to continue to foster a stronger wall or credential on their resume, but apply this program. AIPG can provide sense of value within our profession. This rather helping our colleagues be bet- the administrative continuity while the will strengthen our profession and give ter equipped to address current issues, local groups can identify the educators us a better voice. while helping them meet educational and the course content that are germane Thank you for the opportunity to training requirements for their respec- to their particular regional issues. This express my thoughts. I look forward to an tive state licensure and professional approach will provide an opportunity opportunity to give back to a profession registrations. It is through this type of for revenue sharing between AIPG and that has been beneficial to me by leading service to our membership that we will the local groups, and it will comple- AIPG to remain a strong, forward look- strengthen our sections and increase ment our ongoing effort to support the ing and ever evolving organization. membership. state licensed/registered PGs. My cur-

24 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org CANDIDATE FOR AIPG NATIONAL PRESIDENT-ELECT 2010 Candidate for AIPG National President-Elect

Mark W. Rogers, CPG-08926, Long Beach, California

I am honored to be nominated for the (ExCom) bring value to the CPG title as student categories as a means to bring position of President-Elect for 2010. I have measure of high competence, integrity in new members to AIPG. Increasing served the AIPG at both the National and and ethical conduct. To this end, I sup- membership is vital to AIPG’s financial State levels for the past 12 years. From port promoting the profession of geology stability as well as promoting fresh/ 2006 to present, I served on the National and the critical roles geologist play in the new ideas to better serve its members. Executive Committee as Secretary, then society by increasing public awareness in The member category is an excellent as an Advisory Board representative environmental hazards, educated land way for those geoscientists to continue for the past two years. I have served planning and development, construc- their professional development until (and continue to serve) on several AIPG tion materials, exploration and mining such time that they qualify for CPG sta- committees from 2004 including the activities, and the responsible develop- tus. Additionally, I encourage continued Continuing Professional Development ment of earth resources for alternative development of student sections at the (CPD), Section Membership, Seminar/ and /or renewable energy. This year university level and promotion of earth Short Course and CPG Practicality in California, I will be working in con- science and geologic hazards awareness Committees. From 1997 to 2003, I junction with the National ExCom to at the lower age groups (K-12 school lev- kept in close contact with the Executive promote CPG value and geologists’ role els). As CPGs, we provide a very valuable Committee through my involvement in society by coordinating with local geo- network resource for university students as Section President for Alaska and logical societies and Assoc. for Women as interns or for those venturing out into Hawaii. In 2008, I worked with a group Geoscientists (AWG) to host a regional the job market. The National Executive of dedicated CPG’s in screening appli- conference in either the Bay Area and/or Committee has performed well on the cants for the Hawaii Section. In 2009, Los Angeles. This work will continue to programs noted above and my goal is to I relocated from Hawaii to California to the local government agencies towards continue the momentum. As president, continue managing environmental / con- establishing mutually acceptable terms I will strive to preside at all meetings struction projects as a civilian contractor for all entities to recognize the CPG of the Institute and of the Executive for the Department of Navy. I continue designation and its professional develop- Committee, and shall perform the duties to serve on AIPG’s National Screening ment programs as an invaluable asset customary to the office. Committee. Other AIPG activities for to state-sanctioned PG/CHG/CEG or As President-Elect, I would be honored 2006-2008 included working with CPG’s similar designations. to serve on the Executive Committee and and State government representatives Promote increased participation undertake special projects requested by in preparing legislative resolutions for in the CPD program - I support incoming 2010 President Mike Lawless. establishing the Geological Survey and increased participation in the CPD pro- My current work as Advisory Board Rep- State geological registration in Hawaii. gram by working to make the process resentative with the National ExCom It would be an honor and privilege to more “user friendly” and providing more will allow me to maintain a smooth continue serving AIPG on the National available resources to the membership transition with President Lawless in Executive Committee as President- (i.e., college out-reach, and on-line semi- continuing and/or enhancing AIPG’s Elect, and President. nars / short courses for CEUs). I am programs. Thank you. If elected, I intend to promote continu- working with the National ExCom to ing efforts in the following programs: prepare seminars or short courses in Promote increased CPG value conjunction with local universities to Vote and practicality - I have worked with bring local membership more CPD pro- past and current AIPG presidents and grams that provide CEUs and/or PDUs Vote the CPG Practicality Committee in that were once only available through responding to the needs and issues of larger regional conferences, meetings the general membership to better serve or venues. Vote the AIPG Sections. My goal would be to Increased membership - I support help the National Executive Committee the continued use of the member and www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 25 CANDIDATE FOR AIPG NATIONAL VICE PRESIDENT 2010 Candidate for AIPG National Vice President

Charles W. Drake, CPG-11179, Orlando, Florida

During my two years serving as an member for that matter, to learn how some engineers were trying to exclude Advisory Board member, and now serv- National can help with section issues geologists from identifying geologic haz- ing on the Strategic Plan review commit- and also to enlist the aid of the sections ards. We were successful in working with tee, I have learned the importance of the at the National level. county staff and presenting the county AIPG at the national and local levels. An additional responsibility of the commissioners our support of including The importance of AIPG as an organiza- Vice President is to undertake special geologists. The ordinance passed with tion and the members who comprise the projects as assigned by the President. As geologists being included. organization is undeniable. I have seen John Bognar has assigned the Strategic I commit to the members of the AIPG the positive results of concerted efforts Plan review, I expect to work closely that I will continue to provide leader- of geologists across the country to con- with Mike Lawless when he assumes ship and support to meet the vision and tribute, at the national and local levels, the office of President. As I just men- mission of the AIPG, and as a result to promoting geology and the geological tioned, I am serving on the Strategic to make our profession more visible in sciences and assist municipal and state Plan review committee, and traveled to the public’s eye and make us stronger regulators with writing of ordinances Tucson this past February to meet with professionally. I take this responsibil- and law. the other committee members to discuss ity seriously, as do all of your executive Because of the impact that I see the the Strategic Plan. The Strategic Plan is committee members, and look forward to AIPG has, I am honored to be a nominee important to AIPG because it will guide continuing to work for the betterment of of for the office of Vice-President. The us over the next few years in how we meet our members. first responsibility of the Vice President our vision and mission as the geosciences is to assume the office of President under and geology practices change. There will certain circumstances; to that end I will likely be many tasks that will come from maintain close contact with the President implementation of the Strategic Plan, Have you received an email from so that I understand the issues and and I will gladly take on that responsi- AIPG Headquarters recently? If the work being conducted by the President. bility if asked. answer to this question is NO, then Perhaps more important will be to main- I believe that it is the responsibil- you need to contact AIPG Headquart- tain the liaison between the Executive ity of professionals, whether geologists, ers and update your email. You may Committee and Section Presidents. As engineers or architects, to provide ser- contact us at [email protected]. You the current Florida Section President, I vice to that profession in some way. I may also login to the website (www. understand the issues that the sections will continue to support our profession, aipg.org) and update your informa- face, and how National has helped each and believe that I have done that for tion. You may also contact your sec- section with those issues. Similarly, the the Florida Section, with the help of tion officers with your email update. sections can and have helped National many other geologists. It is my ability AIPG sends out notices on semi- with larger issues. to react quickly to issues and contact nars, conferences, scholarship infor- Having the experience of being on the AIPG members to assist that I think mation, and section newsletters. Advisory Board as well as President of is one of my stronger suits. In Florida, Headquarters receives several hun- the Florida section and currently serving we have had geologists added to the dred return emails due to incorrect on the Strategic Plan review committee Florida Water Resources Act to allow information in our database. will allow me to immediately be a benefit us to sign and seal certain documents If you do not have [email protected] to AIPG. I am committed to working where historically, only engineers were on your approved senders list, then with the section presidents in any way allowed by statute to do so. We have you need to. Please add this email to possible, whether it is to increase mem- also lobbied successfully to be part of a your approved list of senders. bership, assist with legislative activities, springs of Florida task force and write So please update your email. You or local regulations that may adversely portions of legislation. At the county might be missing out on some very impact us geologists. I will welcome calls level, many geologists responded to a important information. or emails from each section president, or draft geologic hazards ordinance where

26 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org CANDIDATE FOR AIPG NATIONAL VICE PRESIDENT 2010 Candidate for AIPG National Vice President

Ronald J. Wallace, CPG-08153, Roswell, Georgia

First of all I would like to thank the 40 members to approximately 120 mem- I believe that the continued success of Nominating Committee and Executive bers. If I am elected as Vice-President, I AIPG hinges on the development of its Committee for recommending and will use this same approach to reach out student members. I was very fortunate approving my nomination as Vice- to all Section Presidents, as often as it to have some energetic and very bright President. During these tough economic is needed, in order to ensure that each students from Georgia State University times, AIPG needs to be a strong and section reaches its highest potential. initiate a student chapter. We are now unified force where geologists can net- Although I’ve been President of the in our 5th year, and we have had two work for employment, gain new and Georgia Section since 2002 and spent members receive AIPG scholarships. I insightful ideas, and receive encourage- much time with Georgia members, I felt am very proud of them, and we should ment as they reach important milestones that it was imperative that I also accept do all that we can to encourage young throughout their career. Although there a role in which I could also serve national students at other universities to follow will be a number of challenges, I will- members. From 2006-2008, I’ve served in the footsteps of those at Georgia State ingly accept each one knowing full well as State Affairs Chairman. This role University. The Georgia Section invited that there are few rewards greater than required that I communicate to each sec- all students to attend field trips in which serving the members of AIPG. tion regarding legislative activities that we visited contaminated sites to explain The main duty of the Vice-President is involved the field of geology. In a 2006 various types of remediation, demon- to act as a liaison between the Executive issue of “The Professional Geologist” I strate proper field techniques, and dem- Committee and the Section Presidents. authored an article in which I outlined onstrate various drilling techniques. This will require direct communica- various state legislative initiatives deal- These students are very fortunate to tion, at least once annually, with each ing with PG licensing and what we can learn this “hands on” experience before Section President in order to convey learn from this. writing their first professional resume. problems, concerns, ideas, and requests As I stated before, we are experiencing The Georgia Section pays for one student to the to the appropriate sections of the tough economic times. Therefore, it is membership from each university that Executive Committee. I personally feel critical that we find unique and creative offers a geology degree. I personally that annual contact with each section ways to generate funds for AIPG. For present a membership plaque to the does not clearly represent the views several years, the Georgia Section has department chairman so those students and concerns of each Section. There are offered a one-day short course on fate & selected for student membership are a number of very strong Sections such transport groundwater modeling. This recognized by their peers. as the Northeast, Michigan, Colorado, fee-based course has been a great suc- I encourage you to visit my website Minnesota, and Kentucky. However, cess. In May 2008, the Georgia Section at http://sites.google.com/site/ronwal- there are a number of other sections held its first “Innovative Remediation lacegeologist/ for more information that are clearly struggling and may Technology Conference”. The confer- about me and how I can best serve you need additional support, cooperation, ence was a huge success, with a large as Vice-President of AIPG. and encouragement from the Executive number of sponsors, exhibitors, and Committee. Before I became Section guests attending. Our 2nd conference is President in 2002, we typically had two currently planned for September 2009. field trips and two newsletters each year. Not only do these conferences help Plan to Attend Now, we typically have six newsletters sharpen the skills for working profes- and six meetings annually. In order to sionals, they generate much needed rev- 2009 AIPG promote our section, I made it a point enue. A number of the members on the Annual Meeting to highlight our activities and to note Executive Committee including myself Grand Junction, any special accomplishments by any of helped National to organize their own

our members in both “The Professional “Innovative Remediation Technology Colorado Geologist” publication and our Section Conference” that was held last fall in October 3-7, 2009 website. As a result of my proactive Denver. approach, membership has grown from

www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 27 CANDIDATE FOR AIPG NATIONAL SECRETARY 2010 Candidate for AIPG National Secretary

Ramona M. Cornea, CPG-08983, Rockford, Illinois

I was pleasantly surprised when I was six days a week, 8 hours a day. In the Geologist (CPG). I presented my applica- called by Mr. William J. Siok asking if summer we had field practice for two tion, proof of studies and experience to I’d consider a nomination for National months. The syllabus included math, the AIPG and I was granted the CPG Secretary. I accepted without hesita- physics, chemistry and technical geolo- certification. I cannot express how happy tion and with great honor and pride. gy. The third to fifth year was exclusively and thrilled I was. Primarily I was proud Previously I was Board secretary to dedicated to specialization in geological/ to belong to the largest American asso- the Rockford Network for Professional geophysical prospecting. The American ciation dedicated to promoting geology Women and I’ve known how difficult this equivalence of geology courses was 150 as a profession. position can be especially for someone semester hours. My strong commitment Shortly after my coming to the USA I having English as a second language. to Geology began therefore, in my col- was hired as a geologist in the Chicago Still I accepted your nomination, because lege years. area with various environmental con- I feel an obligation to commit myself to I graduated from IPPG in 1970, sulting companies thereby allowing me working first hand with the leaders of with an MS degree in Geophysical to fulfill my American dream using the American geologists and to promot- Engineering. For the next 22 years I exclusively on my geological expertise. ing this profession especially to young worked full time as a geophysical engi- As a CPG, I participated in the people who are considering becoming neer in Romania with various geological Illinois-Indiana Section meetings and geologists. enterprises, enjoying very much my jobs the AIPG annual meetings. These I would like to explain my connection that varied from processing and inter- national annual meetings provided me to geology. I decided to become a geolo- pretation of geophysical data of potential the opportunity to take field trips led by gist early in high school not knowing and induced fields, geothermal reservoir prominent geologists of the host states, anything about the profession other engineering, and geomagnetic observa- such as Wisconsin, New York, Kentucky, than it provided opportunities for work- tory data management. Meantime I Minnesota, and Michigan. The AIPG ing outdoors that appeared fascinating. continued my education and I obtained annual meetings also gave me the chance During my time in Romania, when one a PhD degree in geophysical engineer- to continue my professional activity by was accepted to a certain college based ing from the University of Bucharest, lecturing at the technical sections, and on a very tough and competitive exam, Romania in 1986. being informed on advancements in students had to follow a mandatory col- After my immigration to the USA other geological fields. Also, I met people lege syllabus established by the dean and in 1992, I was determined to meet at the headquarters and the National faculty, then after graduation, required American geologists and if possible, to Board of AIPG, and I was inspired to join to work until retirement in that field. continue working as a geologist. Thus the section board, where I held the posi- In Communism, education was free but I contacted the American Institute of tion of treasurer for the last two years. the commitment was for life. Therefore, Professional Geologists (AIPG), the only I gladly and proudly accept the nomi- selecting a certain college was like being national organization at that time that nation to run for a position at the AIPG married to the profession and this deci- could officially certify my credentials in national level. I’m confident that I will be sion had to be made at a very early the geological sciences. AIPG gave me able to perform the duties of a national age. the names of its members residing in the secretary and I’d appreciate your vote My choice for college was the Institute Aurora, Illinois area. Through this ser- that will allow me to be more involved in of Petroleum, Gas and Geology (IPPG) vice, I met Dr. William Lang. Despite my promoting geology and in giving back to in Bucharest, Romania, the only tech- heavy accent, Bill kindly took the time the profession and organization that has nical institute preparing engineers for to listen to my geological expertise, and been so generous to me. Thank you! applied geology and geophysics. The invited me to the AIPG Illinois-Indiana curriculum included required courses, Section and AEG meetings and ISGS laboratories and seminars, for five years, workshops. from October 1st though June 15th, with Dr. Lang also offered a recommenda- VVoteote a two-week break between semesters; tion to become a Certified Professional

28 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org CANDIDATE FOR AIPG NATIONAL SECRETARY 2010 Candidate for AIPG National Secretary

Adam W. Heft, CPG-10265, Holt, Michigan

I was honored and a bit surprised to I believe that AIPG already provides tunities to provide added value to both receive a call from AIPG National several good value to its members, particularly current and prospective members. weeks ago asking whether I would accept those with the CPG designation. Many If elected, I intend to help the rest of a nomination for National Secretary. I companies recognize the value of the the Executive Committee find ways to had to give the matter a bit of thought, CPG designation, rank it equally with promote AIPG and provide additional as I wanted to be sure that I would be other licensed professionals (PEs, CPAs, value to its current and prospective able to devote the time required to the etc.), and give those individuals higher members. The National Secretary is position and do my best for AIPG. As respect, compensation, and internal rec- responsible for keeping records of the with anything, however, if something is ognition than they might otherwise get. Institute and the National Executive important enough, there is always a way In addition, various regulating or licens- Committee. In addition to managing to devote the necessary time and energy ing agencies recognize the designation, these records for the sessions that occur to it. In keeping with my decision to be and allow reduced years of experience to during the upcoming term, I would like active in AIPG, I decided that I would acquire a license or certification. I have to look back at previous year’s records to accept the nomination. found that it is actually easier to attain see what ideas may have worked, what I have been a member of AIPG for just state licensure since I have AIPG certifi- didn’t, and what ideas may have been over 10 years now. When I first joined, cation. Several states require continuing overlooked. my supervisor, who is not a member of education for professionals once they are Thank you for your consideration. AIPG, said that he hoped that I would licensed. AIPG offers many opportuni- be someone that would actively par- ties to attain the required hours. ticipate in the organization now that I I would like to relate a recent example had my certification. I assured him that of what AIPG can do for an individual. Climate Change Letters would be the case. I feel that you only I was contacted by my undergraduate get out of an organization what you advisor, who, on behalf of one of his sent to United States put in. I have actively participated in students, was looking for information Government Officials Section activities from the beginning, on prospective job openings in Michigan. and in 2007 helped organize a successful Since the economic climate, particularly A letter with the AIPG national annual meeting. I attended my in Michigan, was (and is) less than ideal, Climate Change Statement first annual meeting in 2000, and began I told him that I didn’t have any specific was sent from AIPG National networking with members from all over leads. I suggested that the student send President John Bognar to the country. me a short bio to include in the Michigan President Obama, Secretary As a current member of the National Section newsletter. Within two weeks of Advisory Board, I am on the subcom- the issue of that newsletter, the student of Energy Chu, Speaker Nancy mittee reviewing AIPG’s strategic plan. was contacted by a prospective employ- Pelosi, House Republican One of the main goals of the Executive er, interviewed, and offered a position. Leader John Beohner, Senate Without AIPG, this wouldn’t have been Committee as stated in the plan is to pro- Majority Leader Harry Reid, vide additional value to members. This possible, and the student would likely goal has been recognized to be the most still be looking for a job. Consequently, and Senate Minority Leader important of the issues facing AIPG. As this individual plans to join AIPG, hav- Mitch McConnell. this goal is met, the other goals, includ- ing seen its value. ing increasing membership, increasing In addition, we must also look to the If you wish to view the let- non-dues revenue, and so on will all fall future. We should always be open to new ters, please go to the home into place. Once individuals believe that ways of doing things. It is easy to point page of the AIPG website at their membership is valuable, they will to what AIPG has to offer as it stands. www.aipg.org. take advantage of more of what AIPG We must continue to look for new oppor- has to offer. www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 29 CANDIDATES FOR AIPG NATIONAL PRESIDENT-ELECT 2010

Samuel W. Gowan Mark W. Rogers CPG-07284 CPG-08926 Clifton Park, New York Long Beach, California

Statement of purpose or goals you have for AIPG: To Statement of purpose or goals you have for AIPG: To continue the development of education programs that continue implementing the initiatives begun by recent support state licensed professional geologists, provide presidents which includes promoting the profession of service to our members, and expand our revenue geology, supporting continued professional develop- sources. Another important goal is to expand the ment (CPD) and the careers of geologists, fostering membership from those segments of our profession cooperation and support between the State Sections and that are underrepresented within AIPG. This will require National, and improving the financial stability of AIPG at continued efforts to strengthen our relevance beyond the State and National levels through expanded revenue AIPG certification. sources (i.e., increased membership and Regional Conferences/Seminars). Another important goal is to provide better value to members and potential Universities Attended Degrees Granted Dates members through use of On-Line CPD Courses, job fairs, and improved coordination/networking/ Colby College B.A .,Geology 1976 strategic alliances between AIPG and other science organizations (i.e., AEG, AWG, GSA, NOAA, Texas A&M University M.S., Geology 1981 and USGS).

Texas A&M University PhD., Geology 1985 Universities Attended Degrees Granted Dates Company Title Dates University of Idaho B.S., Geology 1983 North American Exploration Inc. Geologist 1976-1978 University of Alaska-Anchorage Graduate Studies in Environmental Science 1997-99 EarthTech, Inc. Independent Geological Consultant 1981 Becon Const. Co., Mining Svc. Independent Geological Consultant 1982-1984 Company Title Dates FARCO Mining Company Independent Geological Consultant 1985 Alaska Gold Company Engineering/Exploration Geologist 1981-86 Dunn Geoscience Corporation Geologist/Associate 1986-1992 Smith-Emery Company Environmental/Engineering Geologist 1987 Alpha Geological Services, Inc. Geologist/President (1998-present) 1992-present WestGold Explor. & Mining, Ltd. Project / Exploration Geologist 1987-88 WGM Mining Consultants Project / Exploration Geologist 1988-91 AIPG Activities: Dates Dames & Moore Consultants Engineering Geologist 1991 AIPG Northeast Section Executive Committee Member 1988-2004 RZA AGRA Alaska, Inc. Project Geologist 1991-93 AIPG Northeast Section Scholarship Committee Member 1994-present GeoEngineers, Inc. Project Geologist 1993-2001 AIPG Northeast Section Legislative Liaison and Registration Committee Member 2000-present Dawson Group, Inc. Office Mgr./Sr. Project Mgr. 2001-02 AIPG Northeast Section Meetings Committee Member 1989-2004 Parsons Infrastructure & Tech. Senior Project Manager 2003-04 AIPG Northeast Section Annual Meeting Committee (Saratoga Meeting 2004) 2002-2004 Environmental Chemical Corp. Project Manager / Senior Hydrogeologist 2004-08 AIPG National Climate Change Committee Chair 2008 ERRG, Inc. Project Manager 2008-present AIPG National Presidents Award 2008 AIPG Activities: Dates Alaska Section Chair, Technical Programs for 36th Ann. Mtg. 1997-99 AIPG 2009 National Award Recipients Alaska Section Executive Committee 1997-01 Alaska Section State Geology Registration Chairman 1999-01 Alaska Section President-Elect 2000-01 Hawaii Section President 2003-05, 2008 Hawaii Section State Geology Registration Committee 2003-present Hawaii Section Screening Committee Chairman 2004-present California Section Secretary 2009 Western States National Screening Committee 2008-present AIPG National Technical Presenter at 41st Annual Meeting 2004 AIPG National Presidential Certificate of Merit 2004 AIPG National Certificate of Appreciation, CPG Practicality Committee 2005 AIPG National Secretary 2006-2007 AIPG National Advisory Board Representative 2008 AIPG National Advisory Board Representative 2009 Dr. Robert Fakundiny Daniel St. Germain

AIPG 2009 National Award Recipients

Ben H. Parker Memorial Medal Dr. Robert Fakundiny, CPG-04977 Rensselaer, New York Martin Van Couvering Award Daniel St. Germain, CPG-07858 Dr. Patrick Leahy Stephen Testa Cornwall, New York John T. Galey Sr. Dr. Patrick Leahy, CPG-10507 Alexandria, Virginia Honorary Membership Stephen Testa, CPG-06464 Mokelumne Hill, California Outstanding Achievement Dr. Fred Spilhaus Washington, DC Dr. Fred Spilhaus

30 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org CANDIDATES FOR AIPG NATIONAL VICE PRESIDENT 2010

Charles W. Drake Ronald J. Wallace CPG-11179 CPG-08153 Orlando, Florida Roswell, Georgia

Statement of purpose or goals you have for AIPG: My goal is is to work as needed to meet the goals of Statement of purpose or goals you have for AIPG: the By-Laws and further defined in the Strategic Plan. We need to communicate with the Section Presidents This will provide service to our members in many ways, more often than only at the Annual meeting and to have and allow our profession to grow not only in numbers a continuous dialogue throughout the year. We need to but in stature and the way we are viewed by the public. use our collective knowledge from all sections to help the I want geologists to be recognized nationally for all of sections that are struggling. The sections need to com- our technical abilities. municate with the universities and give geology students the opportunity to attend section meetings and to learn what we as professionals do in our jobs. Universities Attended Degrees Granted Dates University of Florida B.S., Geology 1979-1982 Universities Attended Degrees Granted Dates Lamar University B.S., Oceanographic Technology 1973 Company Title Dates University of Kansas M.S., Geology 1979 St. Johns River Water Mgt. District Hydrologist 1982-1985 Universal Engineering and Testing Hydrogeologist 1985-1985 Company Title Dates Dyer, Riddle, Mills & Precourt, Inc. Hydrogeologist 1985-1990 Skidaway Inst. of Oceanography Research Technician 1973-1976 Hartman and Associates, Inc. Hydrogeologist/Vice-president 1990-2002 Exxon Company, USA Geologist to Senior Petroleum Geologist 1979-1990 Tetra Tech, Inc. Hydrogeologist/Vice-President 2002-present Exxon Company, USA Marketing Engineer 1990-1992 Engineering Science Senior Geologist 1992-1995 Applied Earth Sciences Senior Geologist 1996-1997 AIPG Activities: Dates Sierra Piedmont Project Geologist 1997-1998 Vice-President of Florida Association of Professional Geologists 2005-2006 Mill Creek Environmental Services Senior Geologist 1998-1999 Legislative Action committee 2007-present Georgia Envir. Protection Division Senior Geologist to Advanced Geologist 1999-present President of FAPG a section of AIPG 2007, 2008 Florida Section Legislative action committee 2005-present AIPG Activities: Dates AIPG National Advisory Board Member 2007-2008 AIPG Georgia Section Executive Committee 1997-1998 AIPG Strategic Plan Review Committee 2009 AIPG Georgia Section Vice President 1999-2001 AIPG Georgia Section President 2002-2009 AIPG National Advisory Board Representative 2004-2005 AIPG National State Affairs Committee Chairman 2006-2008 Presidential Certificate of Merit Georgia State University Student Chapter 2006 AIPG National Treasurer 2007-2008 AIPG National Advisory Board Representative 2009 AIPG National Energy Statement Committee – Chairman 2009

Position Available I am recruiting on a retained basis for an international mining company that is now looking for an experienced senior mining VOTE ONLINE professional. Login and Password required I would be interested in speaking to an engineering professional who has operated at a high level, ideally within coal mining. This role would involve managing a large region of mines operating at the COO level for numerous mine sites throughout the country. The total compensation should be around AUS$325K as well as arranging employee sponsorship (if applicable), company car, 5 weeks vacation, relocation assistance and the prospects are very strong globally. I have a more detailed job description on my web site should you wish to review it and please feel free to forward or share my contact information within anyone who could have an interest in this position. I appreciate your assistance! Thank you, Paul Feeney Managing Director Sanford Rose Associates - Wayne Tel: xx1-201-962-2122 [email protected] www.sanfordrose.com/wayne www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 31 CANDIDATES FOR AIPG NATIONAL SECRETARY 2010

Ramona M. Cornea Adam W. Heft CPG-8983 CPG-10265 Rockford, Illinois Holt, Michigan

Statement of purpose or goals you have for AIPG: Statement of purpose or goals you have for AIPG: I intend to help find ways to promote AIPG with the goal Promoting geological and geophysical prospecting as a of providing additional value to its members and pro- profession among college students interested in applied spective members. geological sciences.

Universities Attended Degrees Granted Dates Universities Attended Degrees Granted Dates Institute of Petroleum, Gas and Geology Central Michigan University B.S., Geology/Earth Science 1990 Geology and Geophysics Faculty Michigan State University M.S., Geology 1993 Geophysical Prospecting Section, Bucharest, Romania M.S., Geophysical Prospecting 1965-1970 Company Title Dates Peterson Environmental Services Field Geologist 1993-1994 University of Bucharest, Romania PhD.Geophysical Prospecting 1974-1978, Fitzgerald Henne & Associates, Inc Senior Project Geologist 1994-2009 Company Title Dates Parsons Brinckerhoff Senior Supervising Geologist 2009-pesent Institute of Applied Geophysics, Geophysical Engineer/ Scientific Researcher 1970-1980 Enterprise of Drilling and AIPG Activities: Dates Geological Exploration Geothermal Reservoir Engineer 1980-1990 Michigan Section Assistant Newsletter Editor 2000 - 2007 Institute of Geology 2007 Annual Meeting General Chairman 2004 - 2007 and Geophysics Manager, Scientific Researcher 1990-1992 Michigan Section Newsletter Editor 2007 - present Strata Power Senior Geologist, Gas Chromatograph Operator 1992-1994 Michigan Section Significant Contribution Award 2007 Wang Engineering, West, Project Manager, Geologist, AIPG Presidential Certificate of Merit 2008 Geotechnical Laboratory Technician 1994-1996 AIPG National Advisory Board Member 2009 ATC Associates Inc. Project Manager/ Environmental Geologist 1996-1999 Environmental Consulting Svcs. Sr. Project Engineer/ Environmental Geologist 1999-2000 LandTech, Inc. Sr. Project Engineer 2000-pesent

AIPG Activities: Dates IL-IN Section-Treasurer 2006-present

AIPG Student Chapters

Bowling Green University Eastern Michigan University of Nevada-Reno Founded in 2004 University Founded in 2008 Chapter Sponsor: Founded 2006 Chapter Sponsor: Robert K. Vincent, MEM-0216 Chapter Sponsor: Jonathan G. Price, CPG-07814 Walter J. Bolt, CPG-10289 Central Michigan Ohio State University University Georgia State University Founded in 2004 Founded 2003 Founded 2005 Chapter Sponsor: Chapter Sponsor: Chapter Sponsor: Thomas Berg, CPG-08208 David J. Matty Ronald Wallace, CPG-08153 Temple University Colorado School of Mines James Madison Founded 2006 Founded 1999 University Chapter Sponsor: Chapter Sponsor: Founded in 1998 Dennis Pennington, CPG-04401 Graham Closs, CPG-07288 Chapter Sponsor: Cullen Sherwood, CPG-02811 Wright State University Founded in 1996 Chapter Sponsor: Thomas Berg, CPG-08208

32 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org

PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE

State of the Institute

John L. Bognar, CPG-08341

In my candidacy letter as I ran for scientists know climate change. I have The document spells out the type of work president-elect of AIPG, I spoke of my articulated AIPG’s unbiased status by professionals such as geologists, engi- plans once president, to keep some of telling these folks in the letter that the neering geologists, geological engineers, the initiatives of past presidents alive. AIPG is uninfluenced by money from and engineers are able by education and The first of these is the AIPG’s strategic outside. I sent this letter for two reasons, experience to do in responsible charge. plan reviewed most recently by Past first, I felt as though so much hard work The drudgery of this work has been the Presidents Robert Fakundiny (2001) had gone into creating the policy that seemingly endless cycles of review and and Larry Weber (2006). Given Past we owe it to the membership not to let revision. It is my hope that the document President St.Germain’s (2008) yet to be the work languish and second, the most will be published soon, but then again, solved agenda item “What do we want important reason, our elected officials that has been my hope for three years to be when we grow up?”, the time for need to hear from that group of scientists now. Stay tuned on this as I push for its an overhaul of the strategic plan was (the geologists) most knowledgeable on publication. past due. Current President-Elect Mike the subject. Because climate change is The fiscal health of AIPG is good. Lawless is heading up a committee that a completely politicized concept being There are two items warranting dis- includes the Executive Director Bill woven into the political agenda of those cussion. First, Executive Director Siok Siok, immediate Past President, Dan currently in power, I do not believe those last year implemented a policy that St. Germain, Treasurer David Rhode, particular elected officials will want to AIPG headquarters will be the primary Advisory Board Representatives Robert hear more from us. While the letter offers pecuniary and organizational manager Gaddis and Adam Heft, myself and further assistance, given the political of the annual meeting and dedicated Chuck Drake of Florida, a volunteer momentum on pending carbon cap and staffer Cathy Duran full time to the job. from the membership. In February, the trade legislation has, (tongue in cheek Doing so last year for the Flagstaff meet- strategic plan committee met in person here) they may not want to cloud the ing, brought in $80,000 dollars to the for the better part of day and hammered issue with facts. Copies of these letters national treasury. That is a lot of bang out a basic revision, with some work are posted on the AIPG web site. for the buck. The other item is that our remaining at the subcommittee level. Another man doing great work for long term stock market investment has The revised plan which removes some AIPG is Advisory Board Representative suffered, for now, the same impact that antiquated items and will look more spe- Ron Wallace in charge of the Energy most of us have personally endured to cifically into the future than its predeces- Position Statement Committee. At our retirement accounts and other stock sors, is to be presented to the Executive our Executive Committee meeting in market investments. The good news is, Committee for ratification in June. February, Ron reported much progress we are closely watching the fund man- Past President Dan St. Germain has been accomplished by an exuber- agers and investment firms with whom would be the first to tell you that he had ant group of talented expert workers. we have trusted our assets. AIPG places no intention of tackling global warming The goal is to have the draft position well deserved trust in Treasurer Rhode, or climate change during his tenure, but statement presented to the Executive who happens to be a professional invest- he did as the issue reared its ugly head. Committee for review and hopefully ment advisor. He has kept a critiquing Dan and his committee came up with ratification at our annual meeting. It is eye on the investment and has recom- an AIPG position on the subject. A lot of my intention to send this position state- mended to the Executive Committee to work, gnashing of teeth and wringing of ment to the aforementioned group of stay the course. His recommendation hands went into this effort. To follow-up elected officials. has been accepted. with Dan’s work, I sent a letter to the The Institute has been working with Finally, do not let the bleak econo- new president, the majority and minor- the American Society of Civil Engineers my eliminate your plans to attend the ity leaders of both houses of Congress (ASCE) Geo Institute and the Association AIPG annual meeting this fall in Grand and the Secretary of Energy. The letter of Engineering and Environmental Junction as it promises to be splendid. contains the AIPG climate change posi- Geologists (AEEG) for five or six years Keep on the positive thinking path. Your tion while also explaining the fact that now to compile a document called the attendance at this meeting will benefit geologists more than any other group of Joint Task Force on Areas of Practice. you. Making new and seeing old friends www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 33 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE is always a gift and a lift, regardless of economic conditions. By now many of you section leaders have been contacted by Vice President Tim Crumbie as he pros- elytizes on behalf of the annual meeting. Please heed his call to participate. With your attendance and insightful contri- butions at the annual meeting you will make AIPG even stronger tomorrow than it is today.

www.geodm.com or www.aipg.org

STUDENT APPLICATION FORM

34 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S COLUMN Geoscience Employment?

William J. Siok, CPG-04773

These are interesting times. Some political pundits and If it hails or if it snows, Keep a-goin’! hacks alike are constantly advising us that the present eco- ‘Taint no use to sit an’ whine nomic turmoil is as bad as the Great Depression (1929 to When the fish ain’t on your line; ~ 1942). Perhaps it is, but then maybe it’s not. The fact is Bait your hook an’ keep a-tryin’— that I am no expert either way, but I am of the opinion that as individuals, as members of a profession, and as a nation Keep a-goin’! we must, in spite of all the confusion, anger over the loss of When the weather kills your crop, Keep a-goin’! jobs and savings through no fault, and market uncertainty, Though ‘tis work to reach the top, Keep a-goin’! continue to work diligently and with conviction to accomplish S’pose you’re out o’ ev’ry dime, our personal and professional goals. Gittin’ broke ain’t any crime; Some members of AIPG (and of AIPG sister societies) have Tell the world you’re feelin’ prime— lost jobs. This is not a pleasant or joyful experience, but one which can and will be overcome. Most geologists who have Keep a-goin’! been in the marketplace for a while appreciate the “inside” When it looks like all is up, Keep a-goin’! wisdom that layoffs during a career are inevitable. Certainly Drain the sweetness from the cup, Keep a-goin’! this is not everyone’s experience, but it happens to enough of See the wild birds on the wing, our colleagues to make it a high probability that each of us will Hear the bells that sweetly ring, be laid off at least one time during our individual careers. When you feel like surgin’, sing— Referring back to another time when the citizenry of the USA was struggling with similar economic and social malaise, Keep a-goin’!” the first poet laureate of Georgia, Frank L. Stanton (1925), pub- Maybe this piece of folk poetry is simple, but it does offer lished a piece designed to encourage discouraged citizens. You encouragement. And to offer additional sources of supportive can judge whether it has a place in today’s marketplace: information, there are numerous society sites available. “Keep a-Goin” AIPG members should avail themselves of the very reli- Frank L. Stanton able and solid resources provided by the American Geological Institute (AGI) regarding the state of the profession at any If you strike a thorn or rose, Keep a-goin’! moment in time. A particularly informative docu- ment currently available on the AGI website (www.agiweb.org) is the insightful document “2009 Status of the Geoscience Workforce Report Summary”. An excerpt from the Workforce Report, Introduction: “The report is based on original data collected by the American Geological Institute, and on existing data from federal data sources, professional membership organi- zations, and industry data sources. It provides a framework for identifying the strengths and weaknesses in the geoscience human capital system.” If you’re dealing with unemployment, please avail yourself of the resources, both informa- tional and promotional, posted on both the AIPG website (www.aipg.org) and that of AGI. Keep a-goin’!

www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 35 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND PRACTICES - Column 121

Compiled by David M. Abbott, Jr., CPG-04570, 2266 Forest Street, Denver, CO 80207-3831, 303-394-0321, fax 303-394-0543, [email protected]

Can One Keep a Client’s Asset as the field falsely seems to qualify as project or construction Insurance that a Bill Will Be Paid? management experience.” Howard’s article prompted a number of comments that Odin Christensen, CPG-08676, contributed a different appeared in columns 14, 15, and 16 (January, February, and view from those expressed in column 120, (March/April 2009). March 1997). In particular, Andrew McCorkle, CPG-08949, Christensen commented “I have had opportunities to hold noted that terms like “project manager” are open to wide inter- reports or assets until being paid, and I have always returned pretation. For example, if one completed a thesis, couldn’t one everything belonging to the client and delivered all reports claim to have been the manager of the thesis project? Such a promised. While I have had clients fail to pay, I find consider- claim is far different from those who have received a Project able comfort and pride that my performance has been ethical Manager Program (PMP) certification—I know of at least one and professional. This may be a poor way to run a business, CPG who has done so and there may well be others. but it is a good way to live a professional life. In the long run, Then there is the problem of letters of reference. It seems it is always better to take the high road in my opinion.” that if you don’t write a glowing letter of reference but instead Christensen acknowledges that his approach doesn’t result write, “Leadbelly is the least competent geologist with whom in getting paid but contributes to his personal well-being, I have ever worked,” you are likely to be sued for your hon- which is worth consideration. The size of the outstanding bill esty. and the amount of work one has from other clients may affect whether one wishes to take this approach. Assuring the Reliability of Your Resume Honesty—Being Minkowed Sampling Results: the LA Abrasion Test A recent newspaper article highlighted the activities of My article, “Assuring the reliability of your sampling Barry Minkow’s Fraud Discovery Institute to expose corporate results,” was published in the November/December 2007 TPG. officials who have dishonestly padded their resumes that are Marty Andrejko, CPG-08512, added to the discussion in published in SEC filings, usually by claiming to have degrees his “Data/Results Reliability” discussion in his Professional that were never granted. The new verb for such exposure is Liability and Risk Management, column 22 in the January/ being “Minkowed,” that is, having the padding in one’s resume February 2008 TPG. In column 114, in the March/April 2008 publicly exposed. “Been there, done that!” was the title of an TPG, I discussed the problem presented when samples are col- article by John Howard, CPG-08740, in the November 1996 lected from high-nugget or statistically inhomogeneous sites. TPG.1 I’m returning to the topic because it seems that there This problem occurs in coarse-grained precious metal deposits is a greater tendency to pad resumes in tough economic times. because the precious metals occur in relatively large, discrete A resulting problem is that un-padding a previously padded particles or minerals that are not evenly distributed over the resume is increasingly difficult, especially when degrees were area from which a sample is collected. Collecting duplicate claimed that were never awarded. field samples or from split cores that will have essentially the same analytical results may be practically impossible. But claiming un-awarded degrees is not the only problem. While sampling issues are an important part of assuring the As Howard noted, “Phrases like ‘project manager’, ‘remedial reliability of sampling results, the reliability of the analytical design’, ‘remediation management’, ‘RI/FS’, and other techni- or testing method can also be an issue. cal jargon are littered throughout the resumes in the attempt to provide validity and substance to a mediocre resume? Now The LA Abrasion test (ASTM C 131, AASHTO T 96) has for it appears that collecting groundwater samples for a project many years been one of the standard tests used by highway involving environmental remediation qualifies as remediation departments and others to characterize the suitability of an 2 design or management. Overseeing a UST removal project in aggregate deposit for road construction. In the LA Abrasion test, a dried sample of aggregate that meets a specified size requirement, including minimum size, is placed in a drum

1. In Geologic Ethics and Professional Practices 1987–1997, AIPG Reprint Series #1, the title of Howard’s article was expanded to “Resume honesty: been there, done that!” and that is the title used for the CD, Geologic Ethics & Professional Practices, AIPG Reprint Series #2, which includes the earlier book. 2. The LA Abrasion and Micro-Deval tests discussed in this topic are designed to measure degradation. Other standard aggregate quality tests measure, soundness (exposed to repeated wetting and freeze-thaw cycles), skid resistance, and alkali-silica reactivity in cements. The efficacy some of these other tests of aggregate quality have also been questioned.

36 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND PRACTICES - Column 121 along with a specified number of steel balls. The test can be run on several specified sizes and the number of steel balls is varied depending on the sample weight being tested. The drum contains a single internal lifter to assure that the sample is thoroughly exposed to tumbling and the impacts of the con- tained steel balls and other aggregate particles. The drum is rotated at a 33⅓ rpm for 500 rotations. The sample is then removed from the drum and screened for the minimum size required. The weight percent of the sub-minimum size mate- rial is the reported test result. For example, an LA Abrasion test result of 20% means that 20% weight percent of the sample tested was reduced below the minimum size specification. Those of you familiar with mineral processing will recognize Figure 1: Duplicate Micro-Deval tests that the LA Abrasion test is a variation on a ball mill grinding on 19 samples. test for the Bond Work Index. The problem with the test is that it does not do a very good job of simulating actual aggregate degradation in highway use. The only times when aggregate Table 1 is subjected to tumbling like that imposed by the test is dur- Comparison of Micro-Deval and ing loading and unloading of the aggregate. Experience has LA Abrasion Tests shown that aggregate that passes a highway department LA Abrasion test limit—these vary from state to state—may or Micro-Deval Rank LA Abrasion Rank may not prove to be a suitable aggregate. Aggregate LA Aggregate LA In recent years, an alternative, the Micro-Deval test Abrasion Abrasion % (AASHTO TP 58-00), has been tested by a number of highway % Loss Loss departments and has been found to be a better predictor of 129217 aggregate performance. 217317 The Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) tested 317520 19 aggregates using both the LA Abrasion and the Micro- Deval tests.3 In the Micro-Deval test, a sample of aggregate 424721 of a specified size range is soaked in 2 liters of tap water for 5201121 a minimum of one hour. The sample is then rotated in a jar 6301323 mill with a charge of 5,000 grams of 9.5 mm diameter steel balls at 100 rpm for 2 hours. The loss is the amount of material 721424 passing the 1.18 mm sieve, expressed as a percent by mass of 8311626 the original sample. The differences between the Micro-Deval and LA Abrasion tests are: 934129 • In the Micro-Deval test the sample is soaked prior to and 10 31 17 29 during testing 11 21 6 30 • The number of rotations is 12,000 rather than the 500 used in the LA Abrasion test. 12 38 8 31 • The rotating drum used in the Micro-Deval is much smaller 13 23 10 31 than that used in the L.A. Abrasion test. 14 46 18 31 • The steel balls used in the Micro-Deval test are much smaller than those used in the L.A. Abrasion test. 15 32 15 32 • While the Micro-Deval test tends to polish (smooth and 16 26 9 34 round) aggregate particles while the L.A. Abrasion test 17 29 12 38 tends to break them. The first question to ask of any testing or analytical method 18 31 19 44 is, “Are similar results obtained from duplicate samples?” 19 44 14 46 Figure 1 is a scatter plot of CDOT’s duplicate Micro-Deval tests on the 19 aggregate samples, which were selected from The left-hand two columns of Table 1 present the results of among good, fair, and poor aggregate sources. the comparison test in the order of the Mirco-Deval test rank- The 0.996 R2 correlation coefficient for these 19 samples ing. The right-hand two columns of Table 1 are ranked by the demonstrates excellent repeatability. The 19 aggregate sam- sample’s LA Abrasion test, with the lowest numbers being the ples were also run through the LA Abrasion test. Table 1 best aggregate and the highest numbers worst aggregate. Cells presents the results of both test methods. with no shading were rated as good quality aggregates, those with medium shading were rated as fair quality aggregates, and those with darker shading were rated as poor quality aggregates. In general, the Micro-Deval test provides better

3. www.co-asphalt.com/documents/Micro_Deval-study.pdf, accessed 2/25/09 www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 37 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND PRACTICES - Column 121 prediction of aggregate suitability than the LA Abrasion test. Andrejko noted that, “that four Canadian Provinces (Quebec, There is no correlation between the two tests. Alberta, Manitoba, and New Brunswick) allow E-sealing.” He The test aggregates ranked 1 through 13 on the Micro-Deval also quoted rules issued by the Association of Professional test were all of good or fair quality. There also was a distinct Engineers, Geologists and Geophysicists of the Province of break in the results between the samples ranked 13th and Alberta (APEGGA) regarding the use of electronic professional 14th. The sample ranked 13th experienced an 11% Micro-Deval seals and signatures. This past fall I was part of a team that loss while the sample ranked 14th had a 15% Micro-Deval issued a Canadian National Instrument 43-101 report for a loss. CDOT concluded that a 15% maximum Micro-Deval loss Saskatchewan mining company seeking public financing. The would be a good specification standard for judging aggregate required Certificate of Qualifications page for that report, quality. which is where the Qualified Person’s signature and seals are While the CDOT study and a number of similar studies placed, contained the phrase, “Original Document signed and demonstrate that the Micro-Deval test is superior to the LA sealed by…” but contained neither an electronic or manual Abrasion test for judging aggregate quality, the Micro-Deval signature nor an electronic copy or manual imprint of our pro- test is still a tumbling test that does not necessarily reflect fessional seals. The Canadian colleagues with whom I worked actual aggregate wear during use.4 Dr. William H. Langer on this project assured me that quoted phrase was acceptable of the US Geological Survey has proposed that petrologic to Canadian securities regulators. What have your experiences examination of aggregates provides an even better predictor been with both Canadian provinces and US states? of aggregate quality.5 We rely on measurements as the bases for our interpreta- tions. But we must check the reliability of those measurement Topical Index-Table of Contents to the methods in order to ensure that our interpretations have a Professional Ethics and Practices Columns reliable foundation. We must ensure both that the samples A topically based Index-Table of Contents, “pe&p index.xls” we are testing are representative of the material being tested, covering columns, articles, and letters to the editor that have i.e., that they are statistically homogeneous to the extent pos- been referred to in the PE&P columns in Excel format is on the sible, and that the testing method(s) chosen measure what AIPG web site in the Ethics section. This Index-Table of Contents we are seeking to measure. If the collected samples are not is updated as each issue of the TPG is published. You can use it to find those items addressing a particular area of concern. representative and/or the testing or analytical methods do Suggestions for improvements should be sent to David Abbott, not measure what we think (hope?) they measure, then our [email protected] interpretations have a weak basis and our conclusions may be wrong. Geologic Ethics & Professional Practices Ethics Question #6: is now available on CD Electronic Professional This CD is a collection of articles, columns, letters to the editor, and other mate- Seals or Stamps rial addressing professional ethics and general issues of professional geologic In column 110 (July 2007) I wrote about practice that were printed in The Professional Geologist. It includes an electronic the use of professional seals, electronic version of the now out-of-print Geologic Ethics and Professional Practices 1987- and otherwise, which included comments 1997, AIPG Reprint Series #1. The intent of this CD is collection of this material from a number of members of the AIPG in a single place so that the issues and questions raised by the material may be Ethics Committee. Marty Andrejko, more conveniently studied. The intended ‘students’ of this CD include everyone CPG-08512, commented on this discus- interested in the topic, from the new student of geology to professors emeritus, sion in his Professional Liability and Risk working geologists, retired geologists, and those interested in the geologic pro- Management column 21 in the September fession. 2007 TPG. Several of the commenting AIPG members will be able to update Ethics Committee members expressed their their copy of this CD by regularly down- distrust of some people in cyberspace who loading the pe&p index.xls file from the might capture and misuse electronic signa- www.aipg.org under “Ethics” and by tures and seals contained within electronic downloading the electronic version of The copies of professional reports and preferred Professional Geologist from the mem- hard copies containing manual signatures bers only area of the AIPG website. and seals. I’m bringing up this subject The cost of the CD is $25 for members, again to ask about changes that may have $35 for non-members, $15 for student occurred in the past 18 months or so and to members and $18 for non-member stu- solicit comments from readers about their dents, plus shipping and handling. To experiences with the use of electronic seals order go to www.aipg.org. Five dollars and stamps. from every CD sold will be donated to the AIPG Foundation.

4. The Micro-Deval test better reflects what happens to loose aggregate placed on a road surface, or a graveled road, but aggregate con- tained with asphalt or concrete is subjected to different stresses. 5. Langer, W.H., 2001, Geological considerations affecting aggregate specifications in Proceedings, 9th Annual Symposium, International Center for Aggregates Research: International Center for Aggregates Research, Austin, Texas, 16 p.

38 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY AND RISK MANAGEMENT - Column 27 Did You Get Paid by the Client?

Martin J. Andrejko, CPG-08512, 665 Norwood Road, Downingtown, PA 19335, [email protected], (484) 888-6747

In David Abbott’s “Professional Ethics the interesting technical aspects of the or even a hint of previous contract situ- and Practices” Column 120 ( March/April project or the need to keep staff busy, we ations such as this (nonpayment), then 2009) the primary discussion was around take on the project. As an underwriter, this client should have never been con- whether or not one can keep a client’s there have been times that I have writ- sidered, at all.” Sometimes this is tough- asset as insurance that a bill will be paid. ten an account, in part, because of the est thing to do, walk away from potential Several risk management issues came to “cool” stuff that the account worked on. work. As an underwriter, there are times mine as I read the discussion thread. Several years back I was excited to write that your instinct tells you to stay away One of the commenters that Abbott the coverage for an architect that was from a certain account. That is a tough quotes was Fred Fox, CPG-01273, who, the design architect for the that season’s thing at times because you want to bring in referring to a project for a housing “This Old House” project on PBS. I didn’t in the premium but you are worried development, stated “We both knew experience any losses on the account but about significant claims potential where that the particular client was tough to even underwriters can have subjective this account might not be profitable for collect from.” and stated “...after we did thoughts impact their work. your firm. This is where that line from the job the client didn’t pay but instead So what can you do in these cases Kenny Roger’s “The Gambler” comes in, shut down, opening the next week under where you have concerns about the cli- “You got to know when to hold em, know another name.” The first danger sign of ent paying you for the job? One thing when to fold em, know when to walk this project that Fox was involved in, you can do is request a business credit away and know when to run”. Sometimes was that it was a residential project. In report on your potential client which you need to trust your instincts and walk general, residential projects tend to be will give you information about their away from a project that may cost your tougher project types from a risk stand- payment history, existing credit obliga- firm money. point. There are several reasons why tions, legal filings, etc. Keep in mind that In Fox’s case, he noted that his firm this is the case. The first is that typically these credit reports are not a panacea as lost $20,000 in fees and another $5,000 the clients for residential projects are some info may be missing and if there in equipment. So he had to write it off (I developers and in general, developers are any errors your recourse against the have a Seinfeld episode running through are a tough client type. The developer credit report vendor is fairly limited as my head, “Jerry all these big companies will typically set up a business entity per the purchasing agreement. Absent they write off everything”). But think for one specific project separate from the a business credit report, you may want about the true cost of a write off. A parent company so that, if the project to look at how your contract deals with typical consulting firm generates under fails, the assets of the parent company payment issues. At a minimum, you 10% annual profit, but for the sake of are protected. Be careful if you are work- should include specific language dealing argument (and simpler math) let’s use a ing for a client that is an LLC, as LLCs with billing and payment. Some sample 10% profit margin. A firm would have to are typically setup for a single project. It language for a billing and payment generate $250,000 in fees to replace this appears that in the case of Fox’s project, clause is included in the ASFE Contract lost $25,000. That is just to get you back this may have been the case as the client Reference Guide that was co-sponsored to even. That $25,000 that was lost could shut down the one company and opened by AIPG back in 1997. As with any of the have been used for additional employee under a new name the next week. The sample language contained the Guide, training, employee bonuses, or updating second warning sign was that Fox knew you should consult with competent local of equipment. So you can see how these up front that this client might become a counsel. Another possibility is to require non-payment situations have a larger collection problem. Sometimes, in spite a retainer up front for the project and/or impact on a firm and their staff. If the of our instincts, we go forward with a require payment from the client prior to typical profit margin is lower, that break project but don’t do anything to protect releasing your work product. Once you even amount gets larger. us from what we think might go wrong. release the work product to the client, Ron Yarbrough, CPG-06545, is I am not intending to single Fox out you lose a lot of leverage. quoted in Abbott’s column and dis- in this case. Most of us have taken on Another commenter quoted in Abbott’s cusses how he is “…in the process of projects in our career where we thought column was Mike Ruddy, CPG-09741 suing one former client and another there might be problems but because of who commented “If there is a history, had not paid me for work performed www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 39 5 months ago.” I would urge caution when deciding whether or not to sue a client for non-payment. Approximately one-third of professional liability claims are triggered as a result of the design professional filing a non-payment claim against a client. Admittedly, many times the client isn’t paying because they were displeased with the services and might have filed the claim anyway. But filing the non-payment claim almost guaran- tees that the client will come back with a negligence claim. When this happens you’ll find yourself paying legal fees for two law firms, the first being the firm that you used to file the non-payment claim and the second being the firm that your professional liability carrier will assign to defend the professional liability claim.

Send comments to Martin J. Andrejko, 665 Norwood Road, Downingtown, PA 19335, [email protected], phone (484) 888-6747.

40 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org MARKETING – COLUMN 18 Social Networking: Should You Care? (Part 1) Duane A. Carey, CPG-10305

So-called social networking sites are ahead and check it out (www.facebook. female with no children might see an ad all the rage. Will they fulfill all of their com) and sign up for a free account. for fertility treatments. For our baby- hype as marketing tools? Maybe. Can The site will make it very easy to find clothes maker the answer was simple; they be good business tools? Definitely. folks from your home town, college, high target only those users who listed one Read on for a quick summary of two of the school, etc. of the two schools as their alma mater. more common ones and some thoughts In my opinion, Facebook has some A quick search of Facebook’s advertising on how you might put them to use. In the utility as a marketing tool at both the tool showed that almost 50,000 users next issue, we’ll explore a few more. local and national/international levels over age 22 had graduated from those Not long ago, I’d come home to find for small businesses. Let me give you schools. So we recommended a pay-per- that the baby sitter had been on my two quick examples. In one, we set up a click ad campaign where the client’s ad computer while we were away. Always promotion on the local classic rock radio would show up only on the pages of those the paranoid dad, I would check the station for three of our clients, all of alumni, with a headline such as “USC browsing history and find sites such as whom were advertising on the station at Baby Clothes” and a cute accompanying MySpace and Facebook. I didn’t know the time. It was a favorite pet contest, in photo. At an average cost of well less much about them, beyond the fact that which people sent in photos of their pet than a dollar per click (probably more they were places where teenagers and and the best one won lots of cool prizes. like 20 or 30 cents), depending on com- twenty-somethings wasted inordinate On the opening day of the contest, I petition for that demographic, Facebook amounts of time. They seemed innocu- posted a message on my Facebook page turned out to be a great example of very ous enough, so they weren’t of much and sent it to all of my “friends” in order targeted marketing when you consider concern. Now just a few years later, to give the promotion lots of traction that just about every alumnus is a good they are places where grown-ups waste and interest. Sure enough, in probably prospect. Recent grads may be having inordinate amounts of time. I bucked the less than eight hours, dozens of great babies themselves or have friends who trend for a while, but recently signed up photos were on the radio station’s web are, and older grads may have grandkids for a few of the more predominate ones in site, inspiring others to follow suit. So on the way. In this way, Facebook is order to speak more intelligently about at the smaller scale, you can use a tool one of the best deals out there, because them when clients asked if/how they like this to turn out bodies for some type opportunities to target your marketing should engage this growing medium. of event. Is your firm raising money for according to a user’s demographics are Facebook. The Facebook numbers your local Rotary club? Imagine how few and far between. are simply staggering, with the site much more money you could generate Linked-In. Compared to Facebook’s now boasting 175,000,000 active users. by tapping into hundreds of contacts in gaudy 175 million-user statistic, Linked- As many of you may have noticed, the this manner. In’s 30 million seems puny, but its demo- fastest-growing group is adults over 35; On a more national scale, I was recent- graphic profile is much more impressive. indeed, although the kids knew about ly contacted by a woman in California Around 60% of its users have incomes of this years ago, we folks with creaky who makes baby clothes branded with at least $93,000, and those with $200,000 knees and backs have just discovered the logos of two prominent universi- to $350,000 incomes are seven times it, and are embracing it like we’re back ties in the southwest. She was disap- more likely to have 150 connections than in the 70’s and the CB radio was just pointed with the number of sales from lower-income users. So what does this introduced! These days, not a day goes her website and needed some help. So I mean for your business development? by that my inbox doesn’t have a new looked into Facebook’s advertising tool, Honestly, I have no idea. For several message from an old friend or relative which at first glance appears similar years now, I’ve been part of this network, asking to be my Facebook “friend” – and to Google’s adwords, where you can accepting connections when a colleague that includes a good family friend in his buy pay-per-click ads that are context- requests to link together, but I’ve never mid-70’s, demonstrating that this phe- specific in accordance with the search really seen the benefit to someone who nomenon is not limited to the youngest terms someone enters. But here’s where is fully- or self-employed. As far as I can among us. Facebook is so different: it displays ads tell, the theory is sort of like six degrees By far, the greatest thing about (unobtrusively, by the way) not by search of separation (or six degrees of Kevin Facebook is the ability to catch up with terms, but according to the demograph- Bacon, for those of you who know about old friends – to see what they look like, ics of the Facebook user. So a 60-year- that). If I want to contact the CEO of how many kids they have, and where old married male user might see an ad IBM, I supposedly contact his golfing they now live. If you haven’t tried it, go for Viagra, while a 30-year old married buddy who’s linked to the VP of sales at the company that makes the hinges for www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 41 MARKETING – COLUMN 18 laptops, who is connected to a banker, many business endeavors. So as you who goes to church with a guy I used to explore these many tools, be careful drink beer with in college. Now really, to think about the consequences of what are the chances that anyone in that anything you post on any site. The old Is Your Profile chain is going to take my call or respond adage used to be “don’t write anything to my email? you wouldn’t want to see on the front Correct? On the other hand, I have seen Linked- page of the newspaper”. That holds true, It is impportant to keeep only now your words live for eternity In help people in search of jobs. Just last yyour adddress, phone month a friend called to say that his com- in cyberworld and are only a couple of pany was interviewing someone for a job. clicks away. numberrs, andd e-maiil When they did a Google search for this In the next issue, we’ll discuss a few infformattion upp to daate person, they noticed that I was linked more of the so-called Web 2.0 tools, inn our reecords. Pleasse to her via Linked-In and contacted me including Twitter and YouTube. Until for a reference. I had great things to say then, drop me a note and let’s “con- takee the time too go to the about her, which only confirmed their nect”! AIPPG Naational Websiite own assessment. Ultimately, she got the > loginn to job. But imagine what would have hap- Duane Carey is President of IMPACT the memmber poortion of pened if I had a negative view? She could Marketing & Public Relations in have performed well in the interview, Columbia, Maryland. He was a consult- the site and maake suure presented a good resume, and given ing hydrogeologist for 11 years prior to youur infoormatioon is coor- excellent references for them to call. But launching a marketing consulting firm recct. You can eedit youur if they discovered multiple negatives in 2003. He earned his MBA at Johns through their search of the various social Hopkins University (JHU), and is a reccord onnline. If you do networking sites, she might have lost the Certified Professional Geologist (#10305) not know your llogin aand job and never known why. and past President of the Capitol Section passsword you caan e-mmail And this brings us to the final point of AIPG. In late 2005, he took over the of this column. Although there are many helm of IMPACT, which was founded in Naationall Headquarteers great tools available in the social media 1990 by one of his professors at JHU. at [email protected] or call world, they potentially lay bare your He can be reached at 410-312-0081 or (303) 412-66205. whole personality, religious views, and [email protected]. political orientation, which can derail

42 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org HYDROTHINK You’re Out West Now Toto!

William J. Stone

Beneath the arid piedmont slopes of diameter well drilled to the top of bed- A journal paper in which I urged that the southwestern United States, the rock. A recording water-level instrument underflow be considered in monitoring regional water table often lies well below installed in the piezometer will indicate was rejected by a reviewer in an eastern the alluvium/bedrock contact. However, when underflow occurs. If perched water state because hydrologists there have in the rainy season, water infiltrating is detected, conventional monitoring never heard of underflow and apparently from ephemeral runoff may become wells (completed in the regional system) even have trouble visualizing it. There perched temporarily in the alluvium and can be strategically placed to determine are several reasons for this: most obvi- move along the bedrock surface as under- the nature and extent of the contamina- ous, it rains there. As a result, wetting flow. This conceptual model is important tion, as spread by the underflow. of the alluvium is perennial and water for adequately monitoring contaminated Once when with a state environmen- tables are generally shallow. In the west, sites on arid piedmont slopes, such as tal agency, I reviewed a site where the however, water is not only lost from waste-rock piles on bedrock at aban- soil was contaminated with fuels that streams but does not always go directly doned metals mines and arroyos crossing had been spilled over the years. Since to the regional water table. Tip: Don’t dump or spill sites underlain by shallow the setting consisted of a piedmont slope overlook underflow in designing a moni- bedrock. Water can move through buried with alluvium overlying Precambrian toring plan where bedrock is shallow but waste or contaminated soils, pick up bedrock and was crossed by an arroyo water table is deep. contaminants, and transmit them at that now ended at the site, it was a per- first horizontally offsite and later ver- fect candidate for an underflow piezom- Dr. Stone has more than 30 years of tically to the regional saturated zone, eter, so I ordered that one be constructed. experience in hydroscience and is the often at some unexpected distance from The water-level indicator installed by author of numerous professional papers the source. the reluctant owner apparently never as well as the book Hydrogeology in Characterizing such settings requires worked, but manual water-level mea- Practice – a Guide to Characterizing an underflow piezometer. That is simply surement when the instrumentation was Ground-Water Systems (Prentice Hall). a tube with a short screen at the bottom removed detected mud at the bottom, He may be contacted at wstone04@ (in the alluvium) placed in a small- confirming underflow had occurred. gmail.com.

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www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 43 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ON PAGE 23

1. The answer is equation “c” or [5Mg2SiO4 + 4H2O → 2(OH)4Mg3Si2O5 + 4MgO + SiO2]. “Serpentinization” is a low-temperature metamorphic process that involves heat and water and by which mafic and ultramafic rocks are hydrolyzed and oxidized into “serpentinites”. “Serpentinization” may be expected to occur at tectonic plate bound- aries, at or near the sea floor as well as in mountain chains, where ultramafic rocks are changed into “serpentinites”. “Serpentinites” are rocks composed mainly of “serpentine” minerals. “Serpentines” are typically green, greenish-gray or greenish-yellow secondary minerals formed by the hydrothermal alteration of magnesium-rich silicates. “Serpentines” can occur in both metamorphic and igneous environments. They tend to exhibit silky or greasy luster and conchoidal fracture. They may a have a somewhat soapy feel and are often veined or spotted with green and white shades.

The metamorphic reaction responsible for the generation of “wollastonite” (CaSiO3) is shown in equation “b” [CaCO3 + SiO2 → CaSiO3 + CO2]. “Wollastonite” may form as limestone is metamorphosed through a temperature increase at relatively constant pressure.

Equation “a” or [Fe2SiO4 + ½ O2 +2H2O → Fe2O3 + Si(OH)4] illustrates the weathering a ferrous silicate into hematite (Fe2O3) and soluble silicon hydroxide.

2. The answer is “b” or “one-half the value of the “unconfined compressive strength”. Short-term slope stability of a100%-saturated clay is best analyzed using the un-drained shear strength. Saturated clays behave as if the angle of internal friction (Ø) is zero (e.g., Ø = 0).

Given the Coulomb-Mohr equation of shear strength and the relationship between the major principal stress (P1) and minor principal stress (P3) at failure:

S = C + Pn tanØ (eq. 1) 2 o o P1 = P3 tan (45 +Ø/2) + 2C tan(45 +Ø2) (eq.2) then, if Ø = 0: S = C

P1 = P3 + 2C

C = Cu = (P1 - P3)/2 where Cu is the “un-drained shear strength”.

Un-drained shear strength is obtainable via the ”unconfined compression test”. In this test, the material is loaded to failure

under no lateral confinement. Substituting Ø = 0 and P3 = 0 into equations 1 and 2 above: S = C = Cu

P1 = 2C = 2Cu = UCS (where UCS is the “unconfined compressive strength”). Thus, UCS = 2Cu Cu = ½UCS

3. The answer is “b” or a hydrous sulfate of iron and copper [(Fe,Cu)SO4.5H2O]. “Siderotil” is basically a hydrous iron sul- fate [Fe2SO4.5H2O] where some copper may be needed to balance the structure. “Chalcanthite” is hydrous copper sulfate [CuSO4.5H2O].

“Rhodonite” constitutes an example of a manganese silicate (MnSiO3) and is either a rose, red or brownish-red triclinic mineral specimen that has been used as an ornamental stone, especially in Eastern Europe. “Siderite” or iron carbonate

(FeCO3) is a rhombohedral mineral specimen of the calcite group.

4 The answer is “c” or Finland. Recent glacial activity has shaped the surface of Finland, dictating its present-day geomorphology. Quaternary-age surface sedimentary deposits of glacial drift in the form of moraines, eskers, drumlins and kames are typical. Also, thousands of kettle lakes are present in the southern section of the country. Isostatic rebound due to glacial melting and retreat has giving rise to uplift and new land emergence. The four main geographical provinces are 1) Archipelago Finland, where rock and water predominate, including the Åland islands at the entrance of the Gulf of Bothnia, 2) Coastal Finland, with broad plains of clay strata where agriculture plays a significant role, 3) the Interior Finnish Lake District that supports extensive forests and 4) Upland Finland, including the Lapland region. The southernmost portions of Norway (south of Oslo and Bergen) including the areas of Stavanger, Arendal and Kristiansand lie below the 60o north latitude line. Norway also has six distinct geographical areas including that of the Scandinavian Mountains (the most dominant), the southern Skagerrak coast, SE Norway, the Western Fjords, the Trondheim area and Far NE Norway including the Finnmarksvidda Plateau. The Svalbard Archipelago and Jan Mayen Island also belong to Norway. Estonia lies south of Finland across the Gulf of Finland and is entirely below the 60o north latitude line.

44 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org STUDENT’S VOICE – COLUMN 10 Heroes, Mentors, and the Next step of Our Education Joseph J. Fiore, Jr., SA-01164

The sweet serenity of spring break has Sure, it can be said that his campaign that knowledge we can accumulate will afforded me the opportunity to catch up was aimed at supporting his own busi- be invaluable in tackling the next gen- on some long overdue reading. The top of ness, and I’m sure many would debate eration of geologic problems: shrinking that list includes The First Billion is the the validity of the plan itself for years. water supplies, damage to soils, finding Hardest by T. Boone Pickens, courtesy of But, at the end of the day it’s still taking the increasingly high hanging fruit in the mom and Santa. This little gem made it tangible steps to accomplish his goal of petroleum world, and dealing with the onto my list not only because I needed the decreasing America’s dependence on for- potential effects of climate change. assurance that the second and third bil- eign oil. He knows it’s not a perfect plan, Unfortunately, not every wise and lion would come easier after this uphill he says that. It’s taking steps in the right accomplished geologist has had the sup- battle to make my first (the going is slow, direction though, and I dig that. port to write accounts of their work like let me tell you), but because “Boone” is From a bigger perspective though, the Mr. Pickens has. Mr. Russ Slayback one of my heroes. book reads like a 200 page tome of advice has done us a tremendous favor with I’m sure there are conflicting opinions for somebody considering entrepreneur- his “Looking Back” articles, which if of the man out there, as he’s a fairly ship in the energy business. He’s been on you have not read yet you should. I controversial figure. Heck, some of you the scene for 60 years, and short of sitting wish we could just sit down and read may even have worked for Gulf, Citgo, down for a conversation with the man, the stories and insights of all the other or one of the other companies he “raided” reading his work is the closest you can great geologists of our time. In our own during the 80’s. But as I said, I’m a big get to his insights. Few people out there organization, there are a plethora of fan, and I’ll tell you why. Last spring, know as much about the business as he veterans whose experience collectively as gasoline prices hit an all time high, does and even fewer are as accessible; could fill terabytes. I would love to sit there was a lot of talk about the problem one click on Amazon and you’re golden. and learn the complete stories of my but no solutions. When the President of But one of the greatest benefits of being friends Larry Woodfork in West Virginia the United States (the best country in a young member of an organization like and Bob Fakundiny in New York. If the world, for the record) is reduced to this is that we can do better than that. you’ve ever even attempted to complete begging for assistance, and is denied, you Preparing to kick off a career now, it one of his humbling TPG quizzes, you are in trouble. will benefit us tremendously to know as know that just a glimpse of the immense All the sudden, in a veritable media much as we can about the work there compendium of a geologic reference that blitzkrieg, comes T. Boone Pickens: an is to be done. Now in my senior year, I is Robert Font’s mind would likely be American oil baron, with the only US really don’t know nearly enough about enough to ace the ASBOG exam. energy plan being espoused publicly any- what geologists do on a daily basis, in According to the AGI Status of the where. He considers the real issues, the any of the many disciplines in which Geoscience Workforce 2009, “the major- oft neglected wealth being transferred to we work, never mind mastering those ity of geoscientists in the workforce are our enemies, and the long term projec- things. Coming to the close of my formal within 15 years of retirement age.” The tion for where that leaves our country. undergraduate education, it’s time to overall demand for geoscientists in the In case you missed it, the basic idea begin the next phase of my education: near future is flat out unmet by the was to shift natural gas from electric- learning as much as I can from the number of students going into geosci- ity generation to transportation, and experienced geologists I know. ences. Specifically, there’s a diverging replace its absence in electricity pro- They know everything we can hope line between the supply and demand of duction with significant investments to learn in our careers, from the daily geoscientists in the oil and gas industry, in renewable energy, specifically wind. routine, to best practices, to the ups starting about now and steepening until Then, rather than complaining about and downs of the industries. They’ve when in 2030 there will be 30,000 geo- nobody following his lead, he is devel- had great victories, and they’ve made scientists less than needed. oping both industries himself as this is mistakes. Learning all of that will help My friends, we are in a minority, and printed. It’s one thing to be a proponent us to duplicate the former, and minimize we’re going to have to pick up the slack of a specific economic model, but entirely the latter. Literally centuries of tacit big time to do the work that society needs different to go out on your own and put knowledge is out there, held by the men of us. The worst potential symptom of your money where your mouth is. and women who have paved the way in this problem is our veterans retiring our profession right up to today. All of in the next fifteen years, before we

www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 45 STUDENT’S VOICE – COLUMN 9 were able to take and apply as much interested in helping to facilitate a men- as we can learn from them. With such torship program, or participating in one, an increased workload to shoulder, it’s please feel free to get in touch with me- I START AN undeniable that we’ll need as much help think it would benefit our organization AIPG STUDENT as we can get. tremendously, and I know the interest is Being a student member of this orga- out there for making it happen. CHAPTER nization is definitely a step in the right In the mean time, students: it’s our job TODAY! direction for learning as much as you to take care of business and carry our pro- can about the profession you are about fession well into this century. Knowing The AIPG Student to enter. As I’ve mentioned here time and what we’ve learned about the earth in again, the members of this organization classes is half the battle. Knowing what Chapter Manual is are generally excited to help out inquir- we can about what’s worked before is available on the ing students. The vast majority of people the other. It’s our duty to the profession you’ll come across are genuinely glad to to take the next step in our educations AIPG National see new blood entering the profession, and learn as much as we can from our Website at and will share with you as much as you geologic mentors. Like me, you may be are interested in learning. Take advan- coming up on graduation. But you’ll www.aipg.org. or tage of that. Communicate with those never stop being a student. contact National professionals you know, and develop relationships that will continue. Joey is a Senior at Northeastern Headquarters at Keep your eyes posted for any new University and the former Student Body (303) 412-6205 updates on professional-student mentor- President. ship within the organization. If anyone is

Douglas J. Mullett,CPG-10146 lost firms, always at increased responsibil- a courageous battle with Mantle Cell ity levels, and handled work includ- Lymphoma on January 5, 2009 at the age ing tank removals, RCRA regulation IN MEMORY of 52. He fought the good fight, always support, superfund site remediations, had a positive attitude, and never sur- and staff and contractor supervision. Charles R. Gibson rendered. Doug was employed by the He was beloved by his co-workers. In CPG-04752 Ohio Division of Geological Survey as the 2007 Doug found his “dream” job at Member Since 1980 supervisor of the Energy Resources Group the Ohio Geological Survey. He was from February 2007 until his death. thrilled to be working on “real” geology January 5, 2009 While Doug may not have been at the again and we were thrilled to have him Perryton, Texas Survey long, he has made a huge impact on our team. Mr. Mullett was active in on the lives of all our staff, and we miss the Boy Scouts of America for the last William C. Krafve him dearly. Doug received his BS degree 30 years in many capacities, including CPG-01298 in Geology from Mount Union College Den Leader and Cub Master for Pack Member Since 1966 in 1978 and went right into the Ohio 45 of Longacre Elementary. He was a oil fields first working for Appalachian member of the American Association December 2008 Exploration in Gnadenhutten, then New of Petroleum Geologists, the Ohio Tyler, Texas Frontier Exploration in North Canton. Academy of Science, and the American He then decided to return to school and Institute of Professional Geologists. He Douglas J. Mullett received his MS in geology from Wright will be remembered for his kindness, CPG-10146 State University in 1981. Doug then gentle soul, generosity, and devoted went to work for Cities Service in Tulsa, love for his family. Member Since 1997 Oklahoma from 1981 thru 1985 when January 5, 2009 he returned to Ohio to work for Lomak Farmington Hills, Petroleum in Hartville. Shortly after the bottom fell out of the oil market in 1986 Michigan Doug returned to school once again, this Looking time to Kent State where he completed Forward to George P. Walker, III his PhD work in geology (abd) and was CPG-02978 employed as a geology instructor through Seeing YOU in Member Since 1976 1991. Doug changed course in 1991 by Grand Junction, moving to Michigan and entering into October 2008 the environmental geology field where Colorado! Canyon Lake, Texas he remained for the next 16 years. In Michigan Doug worked for five different

46 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org PROFESSIONAL SERVICES DIRECTORY

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www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 47 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES DIRECTORY

ELLIS INTERNATIONAL SERVICES, INC. Dr. Robert Font, CPG, PG, EurGeol Valuations • Geology • Economics President www.minevaluation.com Geoscience Data Management, Inc. TREVOR R. ELLIS Our geological scientists specialize in the research, analysis and Certified Minerals Appraiser-AIMA electronic data capture of geoscience data. Certified Professional Geologist-AIPG Mineral Economist-MS Examples include unconventional hydrocarbon resources and oil & 600 Gaylord Street • Geology Reports gas field studies. Denver, Colorado 80206-3717, USA • Market Studies Phone: 303 399 4361 • Economic Evaluation 972-509-1522 (office) www.geodm.com Fax: 303 399 3151 • Property Valuation P. O. Box 864424, Plano, TX 75086 e-mail: [email protected] AIPG Corporate Member

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AIPG MEMBER APPLICATION

48 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org PROFESSIONAL SERVICES DIRECTORY

AIPG Corporate Member

BCI Engineers & Scientists, Inc. 2000 E. Edgewood Dr., Ste. 215 Lakeland, FL 33813 863-667-2345/863-667-2662 Fax www.bcieng.com

HAVE YOU SIGNED UP A MEMBER LATELY? REQUIREMENTS FOR GENERAL MEMBERSHIP EDUCATION: 30 semester or 45 quarter hours in geological sciences* with a baccalaureate or higher degree SPONSORS: 1 required from a CPG or Member SIGN-UP FEE (prorated): PLACE YOUR Dec-Mar = $95; Apr-Jun = $71.25 BUSINESS CARD HERE Jul-Sep = $47.50; Oct-Nov = $23.75 ANNUAL DUES: $95 plus Section dues AIPG Member $300.00 APPLICATION: Available on website www.aipg.org*

As defined by the American Geological Institute, Non-Member $400.00 a geological science is any of the subdisciplinary specialties that are part of the science of geology, Space can be increased vertically by dou- e.g., geophysics, geochemistry, paleontology, bling or tripling the size and also the rate. petrology, etc. www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 49 NEW APPLICANTS AND MEMBERS (2/11/09 - 4/12/09)

Applicants for certification must meet FL-Eve M. Huggins MEM-1629 AIPG’s standards as set forth in its Bylaws FL-David P. Cadwell MEM-1647 on education, experience, competence, GA-Carl R. Froede, Jr. MEM-1616 AIPG Membership Totals and personal integrity. If any Member or GA-David E. Smoak MEM-1642 board has any factual information as to GA-Peter Clyde Johnston MEM-1621 any applicant’s qualifications in regard to HI-Wendell Wen MEM-1626 these standards, whether that information KS-Jeffrey L. Binder MEM-1632 As of As of might be positive or negative, please mail KY-D. Michael Gragg MEM-1630 4//11/08 4/15/09 that information to Headquarters within LA-Lloyd R. Milner MEM-1631 CPG / Active 3,532 3,485 thirty (30) days. This information will be cir- MD-Ira P. May MEM-1620 CPG/Non-Practicing 422 404 culated only so far as necessary to process MI-Justin J. Johnson MEM-1614 Member 846 862 and make decisions on the applications. MI-Jon M. Hermann MEM-1641 Associate Mem. 20 18 Negative information regarding an appli- MN-Valerie E. Raverty MEM-1627 Student Adjunct 288 219 cant’s qualifications must be specific and MN-Kathryn A. Glusiec MEM-1611 Honorary 20 19 supportable; persons who provide informa- NJ-Darin Vogel MEM-1643 Corporate Member 3 3 tion that leads to an application’s rejection NV-Donald M. Hudson MEM-1609 may be called as a witness in any resulting NV-Douglas W. Willis MEM-1646 TOTALS 5,131 5010 appeal action. OH-Edward Haber MEM-1617 *Due to the availability of AIPG’s online OR-James D. Gless MEM-1636 directory, new member address information PA-Kathy D. McGuire MEM-1638 will no longer be printed in TPG. If you need PA-Susan L. Brown MEM-1618 AFLAC assistance locating this information please TN-Deborah E. Sanders MEM-1633 contact Headquarters. TN-Jessica Preston MEM-1639 TN-Gene D. Lockyear MEM-1622 Why Supplemental Insurance? Applicants for Certified TN-Charles D. Williamson MEM-1645 Even the best health insurance plan TX-Janis K. Franklin MEM-1648 can leave you vulnerable to: Professional Geologist WV-Donald L. Streib MEM-1637 Unpaid medical bills... includ- CA-Boris B. Kotlyar CO-Dean M. Misantoni New Student Adjuncts ing deductibles, co-payments, and CO-Dorinda K. Bair AK-Michael R. Breese SA-1510 out-of-network charges. MA-Bruce C. Ross AL-Lauren B. Phillippi SA-1502 Loss of income... if a serious illness MA-Mary L. Bruno CA-Sara C. Denise SA-1503 or accident seriously reduces the MA-Robert Peter Danckert CA-Laainam Chaipornkaew SA-1507 total earning power of the afflicted MI-Susannah Duly CA-Megan E. Martin SA-1508 NV-Quentin J. Browne CO-Lauralee Bossen SA-1490 employee and/or spouse. NV-Paul D. Noland GA-Mike Kocsis SA-1500 Out-of-pocket expenses... such as NY-Deborah M. Osterhoudt GA-Matthew A. Threlkeld SA-1513 the cost of travel, lodging, meals, OH-Thomas G. Powell IL-Julia M. Waldsmith SA-1494 child care, home care, and spe- SD-Linda J. Watts MA-Celina N. Will SA-1516 MA-Lesley E. Werblin SA-1517 cial equipment, as well as every- MA-Thomas J. Naughton SA-1518 day living expenses like mortgage/ Applicants Upgrading to CPG MA-Stephanie M. Kealy SA-1519 rent, car, utilities, food, and NV-Hugh R. Smith MEM-1628 MA-Anna M. Gillmor SA-1520 credit card balances. NY-Lee B. Kaplan MEM-1608 MA-Andrea Dunham SA-1521 MA-Marsha K. Allen SA-1522 That’s why over 40 million people New Certified Professional MI-Lee A. Copp SA-1489 worldwide have turned to AFLAC. Geologists MI-Katie S. Schon SA-1511 Our full range of guaranteed-renew- MI-Matt R. Beyer SA-1512 able insurance policies includes: AK-Jim Halloran CPG-03665 MN-Jennifer L. Trosvig SA-1496 Accident/Disability AK-Paul W. Jensen CPG-11258 MT-Jamie M. Kern SA-1509 CO-Matthew E. Bidwell CPG-11243 NY-Daniel C. Slane SA-1492 Short-Term Disability, Cancer, CO-Karen J. Wenrich CPG-11251 OH-Kimmaree M. Horvath SA-1493 Hospital Confinement Indemnity, MI-Andrew J. Graham CPG-11257 OH-Stephanie K. Jarvis SA-1495 Hospital Intensive Care, NV-Richard G. Walker, Jr. CPG-11256 PA-Breana M. Hashman SA-1506 Specified Health Event, Life, NV-Norbert M. Dircks CPG-11248 TX-Timothy A. Shin SA-1498 Long-Term Care, Dental NJ-Lynette Alomar-Matthews CPG-11253 TX-Cathina L. Gunn SA-1504 NY-Peter D. Muller CPG-11255 VA-William O. Nachlas SA-1501 Most important, all of our OR-Doann M. Hamilton CPG-11254 WA-Lucy K. Walsh SA-1505 policies pay cash benefits directly Chili-Darby I. Fletcher CPG-11259 WI-Cassandra J. Bodette SA-1499 to you even if you have other Peru-Alonso Sanchez CPG-11250 WI-Allison W. Mills SA-1497 coverage. You decide where the New Members WI-Susan R. Krans SA-1491 money goes. It’s your choice! AL-William H. McCroskey MEM-1625 New Associate Members CA-Ian Jones MEM-1610 TX-Veronica I. Ramirez AS-0054 CA-John D. Mattey MEM-1623 AFLAC CA-William Bater, IV MEM-1624 http://www.aflac.com CA-Nadine L. Langley MEM-1619 Carol Streicher, AFLAC Sales CO-Kurt F. Stauder MEM-1615 Associate CO-Rebecca W. Klein MEM-1644 Phone: (303) 674-1808 CO-James F. Venendaal MEM-1612 Please identify yourself as an CO-Dean A. Feller MEM-1613 AIPG Member to receive the AIPG Association discounted prices.

50 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org

Applications for the Forms Challenged

Lawrence M. (Larry) Austin, CPG-05181

We have educational requirements acceptable continuing education to to provide the applicant with everything and we’re sticking to them. However demonstrate a currency with techni- he/she needs to submit a complete pack- what should be a relatively simple pro- cal, regulatory, and economic factors age. They’re under “Member Forms” and cess often is not and often is made more affecting the profession, and available in both .PDF and MS Word difficult as more people get involved. 2. eight years or ninety-six months formats. I’d recommend the Word format So, my objective here is to help both our of experience in the practice of geol- if you intend to fill it out on the computer applicants and our membership in the ogy acceptable to the Executive unless you have a .PDF editor available. promotion of and assistance with the Committee. A master’s degree in a There’s also a flow chart if you wish to see application process. I’m going to con- geological science shall credit the how the process unfolds. Note to mem- centrate on the CPG application process applicant with one year or 12 months bers: If you’re assisting someone in the although, to a great degree, the com- of professional experience, or a doctor- application process, be sure to have them ments also apply to our other categories ate in a geological science shall credit send you, preferably via email, whatever of membership. the applicant with three years or they have at the time the question(s) First of all, let me introduce myself. I’m thirty-six months of such experience. arise. Now, if you’re like me, print all 10 one of the gate keepers. My official posi- In lieu of 1 and 2 above, evidence sat- pages so you have something in front of tion is that of chairperson of the National isfactory to the Executive Committee you to review. Just remember, if you’re Screening Committee (NSC), a position of the applicant’s sound knowledge looking over a partially completed appli- I’ve enjoyed for several years now. I work and proficiency in a field of geological cation, destroy your copy when done to with a team of your colleagues who are science may be substituted. ensure confidentiality. endowed with phenomenal patience and Applicants for Certified Professional We start on the cover page, Section I: unswerving dedication. They contribute Geologist shall affirm their adherence Most of this is relatively straight forward untold hours to the process. Herein I to applicable professional and ethical personal and current employment data. hope to lessen that load a bit. standards and shall provide acceptable We need it for purposes of contacting the Let’s start with Article 2.3.1 of the references from either (1) at least three applicant should any questions arise - AIPG Bylaws: professional geologists who have per- and they do. Just let us know how and 2.3.1 Requirements to be a Certified sonal knowledge of the applicant’s quali- where to best contact you, the applicant. Professional Geologist fications, integrity, and conduct, at least One item that’s a little more confusing is the “Major Fields of Geologic Practice.” Any person whose application for cer- two of whom are Certified Professional For brevity we use a series of abbrevia- tification as a Certified Professional Geologists, or (2) a professional society tions given on the second to last page of Geologist was received prior to May that is specifically recognized for this the packet. Pick the three that best apply 14, 2005 and who has met the require- purpose by the Executive Committee. to what you’re doing. ments for such certification as they In extraordinary circumstances, as an existed on the day that such person’s alternative to all or part of the foregoing, Now let’s go to Page 2, Section II, application was received shall be cat- the Executive Committee may require Record of College Training. This is where egorized as a Certified Professional acceptable references from no fewer you list your education so that we can Geologist upon approval pursuant to than six professional geologists who have compare it to the requirements of the the procedures in effect on the day personal knowledge of the applicant’s Bylaws and the college transcripts. The prior to the date the application was qualifications, integrity and conduct. applicant should list each college or uni- received. These are the requirements for CPG versity attended in order beginning with the most recent. They should include all Beginning on May 14, 2005, the certification. There are somewhat differ- studies, even those that did not involve requirements for certification as a ent requirements for other categories of geological sciences as we’ll delve into any Certified Professional Geologist shall membership and the reader is referred gaps we perceive in the history. Just note be: to Articles 2.3.2 through 2.3.4 for those other requirements. on the form that the major subject was 1. a baccalaureate or higher degree in something else. Hours of geology can be a geological science, and a minimum of Now let’s look at the process of assem- bling the information, filling out the provided in either Semester hours or thirty-six semester hours or fifty-four Quarter hours but tell us which units quarter hours in geological sciences forms and actually submitting an appli- cation for CPG with the expectation you’re using. And do the same for post- as recognized and approved by the graduate continuing education courses Executive Committee; and at the dis- that it will be acceptable. The forms are cretion of the Executive Committee; available on-line in a package intended

52 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org APPLICATIONS FOR THE FORMS CHALLENGED although here we don’t need a record of immediate supervisor although we’d Again, some common sense is in order non-career related courses. prefer they be if appropriate. However when selecting sponsors. No more than Official transcripts must be submitted it should be someone who is familiar two may be from the same organization for all geological sciences education and with your work and preferably has the at the time of submission. Please refrain come directly from the educational insti- geologic knowledge that is necessary for from using close relatives or subordi- tution to AIPG Headquarters as proof a qualified review. It does not have to be nates as these will not be acceptable. It of your education. If your list includes someone from within your employer, and becomes a “do over” that comes back to non-geological educational work at a often is not in the case of self-employed screeners whose attention is now focused different educational institution, sim- consultants. However, avoid using sub- for any little typo on your application. ply indicate on the form or submit a ordinates or relatives as this seriously Don’t do it! statement with the application that detracts from the credibility of the veri- In Section V we ask if you’ve held any your studies at that institution did not fier and likely will be rejected. state certification, license or registration include any applicable coursework and Please avoid the temptation to list and, if so, to list them. Also, to indicate that a transcript is therefore not being all your career responsibilities on one if any have been refused, revoked, sus- submitted for those studies. experience form and then forward it for pended or otherwise acted against and, Section III concerns documenting verification of the appropriate portion if so, to provide an explanation. How the record of experience for the indi- from several employers. Unless you’ve you respond to this question is extremely vidual. On the application form we taken the time to clearly indicate who important. The NSC members will check require a complete record of your work should verify what portion and advised up on claimed licenses, certifications or history from college onward. And yes, each verifier to clearly state what portion registrations. Much of this information this includes non-geological work experi- they are verifying, it leads to confusion is on-line. Proof is required for current ence although we do not need verification for both the verifiers and the reviewers. ones. Very important, if you’ve held a of the non-geological work experience. Often it results in denial of verification temporary work permit, be sure to list Please double check this history for of at least some portion of each form by it as such as not all states list tempo- continuity in dates and make sure all each verifier. If a screener is pressed rary permits on-line. If we check for relevant experience summaries are for time at that point it may be easier a license and the state doesn’t have it requested. And yes, we need to know if to just say no and let you go back and listed, we’ll have to investigate as to you took a six month stint as a cashier re-do it, adding weeks or months to the why it was claimed or the application at the local grocery store one time when review process. Again, save us all the may be denied. you were out of work. Otherwise we’ll grief. Make extra copies of the form We ask for your legal history in assume you were in prison for securi- and separate each position so that each Section VI. We’re not particularly inter- ties fraud or some similar nonsense and verification is for all and only the data on ested in speeding tickets but we are you’ll end up explaining it seven ways that form. It may take a little more time interested in any crime or action relat- from Monday. Save us all the grief, BE to do it this way but it saves time for the ed to geology, subject to investigation, THOROUGH! screeners later and thus, processing time injunction, fines or penalties related to Experience Verification forms are for the application. consumer, investor or securities fraud extremely critical yet poorly understood. Section IV requests a listing of or indicted or convicted of a felony. If There is a portion for the applicant to sponsors. For CPG, two must be AIPG so, be sure to add an explanation, the fill out and a portion for the person members and one can be another geolo- final judgement and why the charge(s) verifying the experience to fill out. As gist who meets the criteria for a profes- and judgement(s) are not pertinent to an applicant, only fill out the part that sional geologist sponsor as indicated on the application. pertains to you and the header, name and the sponsorship form (Baccalaureate Sections V and VI relate to items AIPG address, for the person who will verify degree or higher with 30 semester hours considers extremely important relative the information. When you describe your or equivalent in geological sciences and to ethics. If you have any questions at experience, please tell us what you at least 5 years of post-degree experience all regarding these specific questions, did in terms of geologic analysis, what in the practice of geology as a vocation.) contact us, either myself or Mr. David tools you used (i.e. cross sections, geo- This is often a major stumbling block Abbott of the Ethics Committee. We’d logic mapping, borehole logs, etc.), what for potential applicants. However it’s rather clear them up ahead of time than documentation you created (reports, mostly because we haven’t yet enacted have to deal with sensitive questions and correspondence) and whether you had a requirement to have AIPG branded bruised feelings later. supervisory authority along with what into our foreheads. There are likely a Section VII asks for a list of geologic level (supervised a team of 2 geologists considerable number of your colleagues societies and organizations of which you and 3 technicians), etc. We don’t need that are members but don’t consistently are an active member and Section VIII to know specifically what projects, cli- advertise it. A quick call or email to asks for a list of publications you have ents or sites were involved and we don’t Vickie at HQ will get you a list of sec- authored or co-authored. A complete list need your thesis or 3 reports attached tion members in your area and contact is not necessary here but manuscripts as examples as we’re likely not going information. If you contact me, I’ll try accepted for publication should be listed to read them anyway unless we have a to put you in touch with anyone I know as such. There are no right or wrong particular interest in the subject or sus- from the Institute in your general area answers here. and arrange a meeting. For the most pect something is amiss. Be concise. Your In Section IX you have an opportu- part, we’ll do whatever we can to make verifiers should review the information nity to present other pertinent infor- it easy for you to procure the appropri- you provided. Is it accurate? Please note mation. You are also invited to attach ate sponsors. that the verifier does not have to be your curricula vitae and resumes. However, www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 53 APPLICATIONS FOR THE FORMS CHALLENGED please refrain from overburdening the AIPG Headquarters. It will be held there application with copies of publications, until all the pieces are in (administra- theses, reports and the like as they may tively complete) and then forwarded not receive the attention anticipated. either for Section Review and then NSC Our screeners are, after all, volunteers. review or directly to the NSC for review INSURANCE Please respect their time. depending on the status of the Section Section X is your affidavit attesting Screening Committee and any prior PROGRAMS to the accuracy and completeness of the membership you’ve held with AIPG. At Available to application. Note that the notary’s seal a minimum the process is likely to take AIPG MEMBERS and statement is required for a CPG 60 days and you will be notified of where application. If the application is being your application is within the process GeoCare Benefits Program submitted from an area where a notary at key milestones. Please be patient but is not available, please contact HQ for also don’t hesitate to contact us should For information: guidance as we will work with you to you have any questions. Life and Health Insurance gain equivalency. AIPG’s application process can be an GeoCare Benefits Accompanying the application pack- intimidating experience for those seek- Insurance Plan age are the Geological Experience ing the CPG status. However since some http://www.geocarebenefits.com/ Verification forms and the Sponsor’s states require it for the practice of geol- Phone: 800-337-3140 or Statement forms. I’d like to emphasize ogy (e.g., Alaska ), others use it in their 805-566-9191 again that separate experience forms own certifying processes (e.g. Michigan and sponsorship forms should be filled for the title Certified Underground Auto and Home Insurance out in as appropriate and furnished to Storage Tank Professional), and we Liberty Mutual Insurance the individuals who then send the forms believe it to signify a significant life http://www.libertymutual.com/lm/ directly to AIPG-HQ for inclusion in achievement, it’s important that we be aipg the application. Note that each of these accurate, thorough and consistent. After Phone: 1-800-524-9400 forms has a section for the applicant all, we seek to sustain the significance Please mention client to fill out and a section for the verifier/ of those three letters appended to your #111397 when you contact sponsor to complete. Please do not fill the name at the bottom of the page. Liberty Mutual. verifier/sponsor sections out for them! This is readily spotted in the review Larry Austin has been involved with the practice of geology since 1975. He has AFLAC process and seriously detracts from the Supplemental Insurance credibility of the application! If they’ve been actively involved in AIPG’s National http://www.aflac.com agreed to assist you, they should be will- Screening Committee (NSC) for many ing to write the few sentences necessary years and is the current Chairperson. Phone: 303-674-1808 to complete these simple forms. He has also served two terms on the Please identify yourself as Executive Committee. Privately he is Finally, send the appropriate forms to an AIPG Member to receive President of Aqua-Tech Consultants, your verifiers and sponsors, contact your the AIPG Association Inc., an environmental, hydrogeological colleges and universities for transcripts discounted prices. and geotechnical consulting firm in and forward the rest of the package to Representative: Carol Grand Rapids, Michigan. Streicher

The Wright Group Professional Liability Insurance http://www.thewrightgroupinc.com Phone: 303-674-1808

Financial Services The Consulting Group at RBC Wealth Management David Rhode, Senior Investment Management Specialist/Financial Advisor http://rbcfc.com/david.rhode/ [email protected] Phone: 1-800-365-3246 Fax: 303-488-3636

54 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org Field Collecting in the Pikes Peak Batholith

Steven P. Maslansky, CPG-04431

Introduction at that time was sent all the way to Peak batholith is a type example of an Germany to be cut as gemstones. A-type granitic system (Anorogenic). Like many of you, my “geological It is distinguished from the S-, and roots” run deep. My interest in geology Geology I-type granitoids (Sedimentary proto- started at the early age of eight, with lith, Igneous protolith) by its higher The Crystal Peak Mining District my first rock set. It was later honed in alkali and iron and lower calcium and is located in the Pikes Peak batho- high school when I began collecting in magnesium content (Smith, et al 1999). lith, an anorogenic, epizonal pluton, the pegmatite deposits of southern New Three separate but texturally intergrad- exposed over an area encompassing York and western Connecticut. Back ing zoned intrusive centers (Pikes Peak, approximately 3100 km2 within the then I wanted to be a mineralogist and Buffalo Park, and Lost Park) comprise Colorado Front Range. The batholith field collector, and a job offer to be a the batholith. These intrusive centers was intruded between 1074±3 Ma and geologist at a gem mine in Africa seemed are located on the outer edges of the 1092±2 Ma and is composed primarily too unbelievable to be true. It was, for batholith with crystallization commenc- of granite to quartz monzonite (Unruh the offer was abruptly withdrawn when ing from rim to core for each of them. et al, 1995). Two theories exist for the the current mine geologist was hacked to (Hutchinson, 1987). death and the mine taken over by rebels. tectonic setting of this batholith, one by I switched career paths and have spent extension (rifting) and one by mantle A large part of the district is located 35 plus years in hydro- and engineer- plume (“hot spot”). Both potassic and within a smaller and slightly younger ing geology, but my first love has been sodic rocks exist within the batholith. pluton, the Lake George Ring Complex, mineral collecting. The potassic series accounts for 98 per- a composite structure that, with several other intrusions, was emplaced into the This past summer I had the oppor- cent of the batholith’s exposures and is dominated by the Pikes Peak Granite, larger batholith (Figure 1). Seven of tunity to field collect and to do some these intrusions (including part of the geologic reconnaissance in the Crystal a predominately pink coarse-grained biotite-hornblende syenogranite, and Lake George Ring Complex) are sodic in Peak Mining District of Colorado, an composition, and are distinguished from area north of Lake George in Park minor gray monzogranite. Rocks of the sodic series account for the remaining 2 the potassic rocks by their ferromagne- County, and Florissant in Teller County. sian silicate mineralogy (the presence The district covers an area of about 45 percent and are found in or immediately adjacent to the batholith. The Pikes of fayalite, the iron-rich member of the square kilometers: its most prominent olivine group, and/or sodic amphiboles) feature is Crystal Peak (2937 m), which has completely lived up to its name. Much of the land within the district is now in private hands, but currently there are about 175 unpatented mining claims within the , mostly north and west of Crystal Peak (Dorris, 2008). This area is most famous for the extremely aesthetic and exceed- ingly rare combination of smoky quartz and the blue-green variety of microcline known as amazonite. Any mineral col- lector can instantly recognize a “Pikes Peak” specimen. Amazonite mining in the District has been ongoing since the 1870s, most notably in the early days by the Foote Mineral Company of Philadelphia (Odiorne, 1978). Dr Albert E. Foote, M.D. (1846-1895) was one of the most prolific collector/dealers in the world at that time, or even by today’s standards. Foote employed 19 men to work the area. Smoky quartz found Figure 1: Geologic Map of the Pike Peak Batholith (after Smith, et al. 1999). www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 55 PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE and by whether diabase dikes, gabbro complex (those that do contain concen- the Baveno granite looked like grains and/or syenite are found associated with trations of rare elements and their asso- of millet (London, 2008). This area has the granitoids (Smith, et al, 1999). The ciated rare earth minerals and gemstone been famous for its mineral collecting for Lake George Ring Complex is roughly varieties). They were also classified rela- over a century and is the type location elliptical with approximate dimensions tive to their host rocks by depth-zone, for the Baveno-law twin crystal found of 6.5 by 8 km. It is believed that an ear- magmatic source, and by internal struc- in feldspars. lier and slightly larger fine to medium- ture. More recently (Černý, 1991; Černý The genesis of a miarolitic pegmatite grained granite stock (potassic trend) and Ercit, 2005), granitic pegmatites are is not well understood; it is the rarest of cut the coarse-grained granite of the being classified based on a combination the pegmatites. It is believed that miar- batholith. These granites are thought of metamorphic grade, rare and minor olitic pegmatites begin as a silicate melt to be textural variants of the Pikes Peak element content, and depth of emplace- with generally a granitic composition. Granites caused by differential cooling ment. Five classes are described: The melt contains gases of H2O and CO2 rates. The stock was later intruded by • Abyssal, upper amphibolite through as well as other volatile components that partial ring dikes of quartz syenite to low to high pressure granulite dissolve into the melt at pressures of 200 fayalite granite, and a smaller central facies; to 300 MPa. Cavities are typically found stock of quartz syenite to syenomon- • Muscovite, high pressure (Barrovian) in the center of the dikes where their zonite (sodic trend); its geometry was amphibolite facies (kyanite-silliman- minerals were the last to crystallize. controlled by ring-dike and possible caul- ite grade); Various scenarios for cavity formation dron-subsidence mechanisms (Wobus • Muscovite-Rare Element, mod- have been postulated. The most current and Anderson, 1978). The arcuate ridge erate to high pressure amphibolite research (London, 2008) hypothesizes structure of the complex shows up very facies; that at the time of their formation, nicely on aerial photos including Google cavities were not simply gas bubbles, but • Rare-Element, variable, including Earth™. The granitic rocks are strongly rather consisted of a very dense hydrous low pressure amphibolite (andalus- porphyritic in many areas. As the later silicate fluid or gel. Soluble fluxes (e.g. ite-sillimanite) to upper greenschist plutons intruded into the Pikes Peak boron, phosphorus, and fluorine) and facies; and Granite, tensional stresses caused frac- salts that were not utilized in pocket tures that allowed for the development • Miarolitic, very low to low pressure, crystal or clay formation migrated to of pegmatites crystallizing out of later amphibolite to greenschist facies. the adjacent host rocks where they stage magmatic fluids. Many of these The classes are then subdivided into metasomatically produced new miner- pegmatites are characterized by miar- ten subclasses with different geochemi- als (e.g. tourmaline, zinnwaldite). At olitic cavities (commonly called “pock- cal characteristics. Many of the subclass- some point the pocket or pockets that ets” or “vugs”) that appear to be most es are further subdivided into thirteen interconnected via the dike centerline abundant in and around the late-stage types and seven subtypes incorporating were overpressurized and ruptured. It plutons. Most of the crystal production subtle differences in geochemical sig- is assumed, based on low temperature is from such cavities associated with natures or P-T conditions of solidifica- minerals found in the pockets, that the pegmatite dikes; these can bulge out tion which are expressed as variable cavities formed at very low temperatures into pockets reaching a meter high and associations of accessory minerals (e.g. relative to a normal magmatic environ- several meters in length and depth. beryl, spodumene, columbite and the ment - perhaps less than 350°C. Most cavities are, however, grapefruit minerals of the garnet and tourmaline to watermelon in size, and are typically groups). Paralleling the above classifica- Collecting clay-filled and collapsed. tion scheme is one that is petrogenetic, Although one can follow surface float The pegmatite dikes within the batho- developed for pegmatites of plutonic der- to locate areas showing pegmatites (and lith can be as much as 50 m in length ivation. Families are named in this clas- sometimes amazonite and/or smoky and several meters in thickness and sification system. NYF has a progressive quartz) and mechanical excavation cer- depth, but most are generally much accumulation of Nb, Y, and F and con- tainly reveals the pegmatite dikes, they smaller. The dikes may pinch and swell tains Rare Earth Elements (REE) frac- are uncommon. Miarolitic cavities are over very short distances. Most of the tionated from sub to metaluminous to even more rare. Hundreds of linear pegmatite dikes occur between approxi- subalkaline granites. LCT contains an meters of pegmatites can be exposed and mately 2100 and 2700 m in elevation, accumulation of Li, Cs, and Ta derived no cavities encountered. The cavities in are en echelon in parallel or sub-parallel mainly from peraluminous to subalu- the Pikes Peak batholith are typically arrangement, and show a strong degree minous granites. A third mixed family classified by the predominant minerals of structural control (Foord and Martin, also exists. In the current classification found in them (e.g. common microcline 1979). Because they are more resistant system the pegmatites in the Pikes Peak only, amazonite only, smoky quartz only, than their host rocks, the pegmatite batholith are Class: Miarolitic, Family: combinations, etc.). Forty percent will dikes are delineated by their differential NYF, Subclass: Miarolitic Rare-Earth be predominately quartz, 25 percent relief. Aplite dikes are also common in Element or NYF, MI-REE. common microcline, 18 percent quartz the batholith. In addition, the basal por- The term miarolitic is from the Italian and common microcline, 9 percent ama- tions of many pegmatite dikes are aplitic word miglio (millet). The term was zonite, 3 percent amazonite and quartz, in character. coined to describe pockets found in the with the remainder pockets containing For decades, granitic pegmatites were Permian age Baveno granites and the rarer mineral species (Muntyan and classified as either simple (those that granophyres (micropegmatites) in the Muntyan, 1985). It has been estimated contain no evidence of hydrothermal southern Alps of northwestern Italy. that in the Crystal Peak Mining District, replacement by Li, F, Be, and B), or Evidently the small cavities found in 55 percent of the pockets will be com-

56 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE mon microcline, 18 percent will be ama- the broken surfaces, sometimes to the stabilize a crystal, repair is putting a zonite of various shades of blue-green, extent they recrystallize into doubly- loose crystal back or gluing portions of 16 percent will be smoky quartz, 10 terminated crystals. broken crystals together, restoration percent will be smoky quartz and com- Since many pockets exhibit loose is “gap filling” where parts of crystals mon microcline, and only one percent crystals or at least crystals that separate are missing, and reconstruction is will be an association of amazonite and upon removal, many specimens that the replacement of, for an example, a smoky quartz. Among the pockets with are on display or for sale are repaired, broken or missing tip of a crystal. All amazonite and smoky quartz, about 30 and many others are also restored - this cabinet size amazonite specimens, as percent will have matrix pieces; the is particularly true of the cabinet size well as any combination pieces sold by remaining majority will be filled with (>12.7 cm) specimens. Repairs are sim- reputable dealers, will have an indica- loose single crystals or shards. Of the ply the gluing of separated crystals back tion (usually on both the label, as well matrix pieces, perhaps 5 percent are of together. Amazonite crystals can cleave as the back of the specimen) that it is good museum or show quality (Dorris, or separate from an adjacent crystal rela- has been repaired, reconstructed, and/ 2008). Weeks of hand digging and days of tively easy, so the most common repair or restored and the number of separate mechanical excavation, even in an area is the reassembling of the microcline. instances of each. of “productive” pegmatites, may never Microcline feldspar is triclinic [ortho- produce a quality matrix combination clase, also KAlSi3O8, is in the monoclinic Mineralogy piece (Figure 2). system] and has two perfect cleavage Although amazonite (also called ama- planes essentially at right angles. Thus zonstone) and smoky quartz are the it cleaves most easily parallel to the hori- most famous specimens found in the zontal axis rather than the vertical. Most pegmatites of the Pikes Peak batho- combination pieces have the amazonite lith, at least 60 species (both com- and smoky quartz entwined and forming mon and rare) have been found. Those the matrix with easy separation at the that form exceptionally large crystals crystal faces. Lucky are those who find include albite (particularly the platy groups attached to the graphic granite variety known as cleavelandite), fluo- matrix. Prudent collectors photograph rite, goethite, hematite, 3 micas (biotite, the pocket contents and wrap distinct muscovite, and zinnwaldite), microcline, groups together to aid in reassembly. quartz, and topaz. Other accessory min- Most crystals have also been covered in erals form exceptionally fine euhedral clay, as well as iron oxides that stubborn- crystals (albeit small) including allanite, ly coat their surfaces and necessitate barite, calcite, barylite (rare beryllium Figure 2: A newly excavated intact plate of days of cleaning. Some specimens for sale mineral), bastnäsite [(Ce, Y, La)(Co )F)], smoky quartz and amazonite. 3 have also been restored. Restoration bertrandite (another rare Be mineral), is the addition of fillers to, for example, ferrocolumbite, phenakite (another rare The miarolitic pegmatites of the restore a broken quartz crystal tip. Many Be mineral), riebeckite (an amphibole), batholith characteristically show a zonal times the restoration is very minor, but and zircon (Muntyan and Muntyan, structure with an outer zone of graph- at other times the entire tip of the crys- 1985). ic granite (an intergrowth of skeletal tal has been replaced. It is important to The color of the amazonite in a given quartz and potassic alkali or sodic plagio- note that this is not the same as fakery pocket appears to be very consistent; clase feldspar), followed by increasingly where, for example, a loose crystal has however great variability can exist even larger anhedral crystals, and finally a been embedded into another specimen between nearby pockets. The origin of pocket containing the euhedral crystals. from which it did not originate. the color of amazonite has been contro- Some of the “pockets” are “frozen” in that Often the cleaning process chang- versial for decades. As with many blue- the amazonite crystals are embedded in es the original luster of a specimen. green minerals, copper was originally a mass of milky quartz. However the According to Kile and Wilson (1997), thought to be the cause. After chemical majority of the cavities have ruptured the purpose of restoration is to return analyses ruled out copper, iron was sug- and collapsed and are filled with clay a specimen to its original appearance. gested. Work in the seventies suggested composed of beidellite (a smectite), illite, Sometimes the luster of the amazonite a lead-potassium substitution (Foord and kaolinite (Kile, 2005). These clays has been enhanced (e.g. oil coatings, and Martin, 1979). Later work suggested were introduced during the final stages floor wax, silicone, etc.). This is certainly that lead in conjunction with structural of pocket formation and have led to the not restoration, but rather an unethical water and ionizing radiation, or by the protection and slow settling of broken practice, unless it has been disclosed to substitution of fluorine for oxygen may crystals. It is understood (London, 2008) the buyer. Because good preparation be the source of the famous blue-green that the clays represent the last rem- of a specimen, in particular cleaning color. nants of the hydrous silicate medium and trimming, can add greatly to its Twinning (Figure 3) of the microcline originating in the pocket. Although it value (sometimes thousands of dollars), is relatively common compared to other was once thought that pocket rupturing many professional specimen prepara- species, but still fairly rare. Even rarer was due to freezing, it is now common- tion services have appeared in the last are “white caps”. The white caps are ly believed that the inward rupturing few years. As a result, the broadly used thin growths (1-10 mm) of microcline on occurred during the last stages of pocket terms of repair and restoration have either a dome face (c, 001) or as a selec- crystallization. Many of the loose quartz been refined and replaced with the 4 R’s. tive overgrowth on an alternate prism crystals found show recrystallization on Reinforcement is simply using glue to www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 57 PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE

amazonite and smoky quartz specimen, most of the microcline found has been of known as “The Legend”, measures 57 by the amazonite variety. Work can be slow, 32 by 30 centimeters. It was removed even though heavy earth moving equip- from the Legacy Pocket (yes, these finds ment and blasting is employed, because can be so rare and spectacular that even excavated material must be moved. the pockets get named), which measured Operations at this site have removed approximately 1.7 meters long by 0.9 up to 12 meters of decomposed granitic meters wide by 0.6 meters high. Other rocks and competent boulders (Figure 5). notable finds in recent years include the 1997 strike when a large cavity was dis- covered on the Two Point Claim by Bryan Lees of The Collector’s Edge. Named the Tree Root Pocket because a tree root had penetrated a couple of meters into Figure 3a: Baveno twin. the miarolitic cavity, the cavity was 2 meters wide, 1.7 meters deep and 0.2 meters high. It is not uncommon for tree roots to penetrate a shallow miarolitic cavity (because it provides space and moisture), and many field collectors look for detached specimens brought up Figure 5: Working decomposed granite at the by the roots. The Tree Root Pocket had Smoky Hawk Mine. collapsed and many specimens required considerable repair and reassembly. Approximately 100 combination speci- Reclamation and safety considerations mens were recovered, as well as hun- require relocating excavated material dreds of small groups and single crystals. many times. It was once believed that Figure 3b: Manebach twin The amazonite was of the best color and commercial operations would be at best a the smoky quartz crystals (up to 17 cm) “break-even proposition” due to the ran- face (MSA, 2003). Thicker albite caps of the finest luster. Unfortunately no dom nature of the pockets, the small size have also been observed. additional pockets yielding specimens of the cavities, and fear of damage to frag- Notable Finds within the Crystal of significance were found in the vicin- ile specimens (Muntyan and Muntyan, Peak District ity (Kile, 2008). Considerable effort has 1985). Operations at this site and others Most collecting in the batholith has been expended around the Tree Root nearby have proven this to be untrue. been conducted by hand-digging in Pocket location looking for more spec- The equipment operators are able to weathered granite after finding a promis- tacular pockets with about a half hectare perform precision “surgical” removal of ing location (pegmatitic float or erosional excavated and up to 10 meters of mate- over- and side-burden materials so that highs). A few commercial operations rial removed, but the Tree Root appears pockets have remained relatively intact have been undertaken over the years. to have been “a one of a kind” find for when encountered. Currently the major commercial mine that site (Dorris, 2008). In 2001, a 14.6 The mine’s host rock is a medium- within the Crystal Peak Mining District by 12.4 cm amazonite and smoky quartz grained equigranular to porphyritic bio- is the Smoky Hawk Mine operated by specimen from the Tree Root Pocket tite granite that is pink to buff in color Joseph L. Dorris of Glacial Peak Mining. sold at a Sotheby’s auction for $41,000. when unweathered. It is composed pri- The mine sits at an elevation of between Fortunately, for the museum and min- marily of perthitic microcline and quartz 2600 and 2700 m. In 2005, Joe and his eral collecting community, specimens of with lesser amounts of biotite, and oligo- sons Scott and Tim removed perhaps the equally outstanding color and quality clase. This unit, as previously discussed, largest and most spectacular combina- have recently been discovered at the cuts through the coarse-grained granite tion specimen ever found (Figure 4). This Smoky Hawk Mine, which shares the (Pikes Peak Granite) that is adjacent to same trend as the Two Point Claim and the mine and nearby claims. The Pikes its Tree Root Pocket. Peak granite rock type is an equigranu- While collecting this past summer, lar to seriate (complete range of grains I spent most of my time at the Smoky between groundmass and phenocryst) Hawk Mine and surrounding claims. porphyritic granite and pink in color This area was burned over by the 2002 when fresh. This formation shows the Hayman Fire, which, although it made typical rounded outcrops and weathers reconnaissance easier, greatly affected (as does the medium-grained granite) the natural beauty of the area. Mining by hydration of the complex silicates operations at this claim have uncovered (e.g. biotite) and expansion forming a about 300 miarolitic cavities since min- thick pale orange, coarse and thick grus. ing began in 2002. This is a remarkable The transition from the granite to the Figure 4: “The Legend” considered the accomplishment in that only about 1 pegmatites is sharply delineated. The largest amazonite and smoky quartz hectare of the mine site has actually been optimal scenario for finding a large cav- specimen ever found. excavated. Even more remarkable is that ity appears to be when two or more dikes

58 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE merge, or when a single dike bulges near followed by longer periods of supply- Comments and Questions at www. a “roll” (an abrupt change in dike atti- controlled (diffusion limited) growth. minsocam.org/MSA/Special/Pig. tude from shallow to steep dip) perhaps Although more and more of the col- Muntyan, B.L., and Muntyan, J.R., 1985, caused by intersecting perpendicular lecting areas within the Pike Peak Minerals of the Pikes Peak Granite. fracture sets. Hematitic staining and the batholith will vanish due to more private Mineralogical Record, Vol.16, no. 3, presence of clay are good indicators of an land development and the closing of p. 217-230. adjacent pocket. Once a pocket is found, roads by the Forest Service, great and Odiorne, H.H., 1978, Colorado the preferred tools are a screwdriver and exceedingly rare mineral specimens will Amazonstone, the Treasure of gloved hands. Pocket minerals, when continue to be found. found intact, appear to grow towards Crystal Peak. Forum Publishing, the center, so that once found, the top, References Denver, CO., 51 p. bottom and left or right side of a small Pearl, R. M., 1974, Minerals of the intact or partially intact pocket can be Černý, P., 1991, Rare-element Granitic Pike’s Peak Granite. Mineralogical easily determined and help in the suc- Pegmatites. Geoscience Canada, Record, Vol. 5, no 4, p. 183-189. Vol. 18, p. 49-81. cessful recovery of that pocket (Figure Smith D.R., Noblett, J., Wobus R.A., 6). Each pocket is then photographed Černý, P. and Ercit, T. S., 2005, Unruh, D.M., Chamberlain, K.R., Classification of Granitic Pegma- 1999, A Review of the Pikes Peak tites Revisited. The Canadian Batholith, Front Range, Central Mineralogist, Vol. 43, no. 6, p 2005- Colorado: A “Type Example” of 2026. A-type Granitic Magmatism. Rocky Foord, E.E. and Martin, R.F., 1979, Mountain Geology. Vol. 34, no. 2, p Amazonite from the Pikes Peak 289-312. Batholith. Record, Vol. 10, no. 6, p. Unruh, D.M., Snee, L.W., Foord, E.E., 373-384. and Simmons, W.B., 1995, Age Dorris, J. L., 2008, Personnel communi- and Cooling History of the Pikes cation, and at www.pinacle5miner- Peak Batholith and Associated als.com. Pegmatites. Geological Society of Hutchinson, R.M., 1987, Granite- America Abstracts with Programs, Figure 6: A collapsed miarolitic cavity con- tectonics of the Pikes Peak Intrusive 27, A-468. taining euhedral crystals of amazonite and Center of Pikes Peak Composite Wobus, R.A., and Anderson, R.S., 1978, smoky quartz. Batholith, Colorado. Geological Petrology of the Precambrian Society of America, Centennial Field Intrusive Center at Lake George, and crystal groups wrapped separately Guide, Rocky Mountain Section. Southern Front Range, Colorado. to aid in potential reassembling. Kile, D.E., 2008, Amazonite and Journal of Research, U.S. Geological At the Smoky Hawk Mine, as with Smoky Quartz, Pikes Peak Region, Survey, Vol. 6, no. 1, p 81-94. other sites, the size of the pocket does Colorado. in American Mineral Reviewed by AIPG Associates not appear to exhibit any control over Treasures. ed. Staebler, G., Wilson, Editors: Neill Ridgley, CPG-05138, the size of the crystals found within. A W., et al, Lithographie, East Ray Talkington, CPG-07935, and John small pocket can produce large quartz Hampton, CT., p. 94-105. Berry, CPG-04032. crystals and a few large (relatively) Kile, D.E., 2005, Mineralogy and amazonite crystals, a large pocket may Steve Maslansky has 35 years expe- Provenance of the Clays in produce hundreds of small (2-3 cm) loose rience in a broad range of geotechnical Miarolitic Cavities of the Pike Peak amazonite crystals that do not vary sig- and environmental projects, with special Batholith, Colorado. The Canadian nificantly in size. Although amazonite concentration in emergency, investiga- Mineralogist, Vol. 43, no. 3, p. 1093- crystals approaching 45 cm have been tory and remedial responses to hazard- 1105. found in the Crystal Peak District (Pearl, ous substance releases. Besides his CPG, 1974), most are only a few centimeters in Kile, D.E. and Ebert, D.D., 1999, Crystal he is a registered geologist in four states, size. Research by Kile and Ebert (1999) Growth Mechanisms in Miarolitic chartered in the United Kingdom, and looked at crystal growth mechanism Cavities in the Lake George Ring qualified by the European Federation of amazonite and smoky quartz found Complex and Vicinity, Colorado. of Geologists. He is also certified as a in and around the Lake George Ring American Mineralogists, Vol. 84, hydrogeologist by the American Institute Complex. The authors examined 2281 p. 718-724. of Hydrology, and by the State of Arizona amazonite and 566 smoky quartz crys- Kile, D.E. and Wilson, W.E., 1997, Mineral as a remediation specialist. He has tals from pockets for which the entire Specimen Repair and Restoration: completed assignments in 39 states, content of the pocket could be studied. An Attitude Check. Mineralogical Canada, Greenland, Great Britain, They concluded that the small variation Record, Vol. 28, no. 2, p. 82-84. and Asia. Since 1982, Mr. Maslansky has been a principal of Maslansky in crystal size in each pegmatite can be London, D., 2008, Pegmatites. GeoEnvironmental, Inc. in Prescott, explained by a crystal growth mecha- Mineralogical Association of Arizona (formerly GeoEnvironmental nism that was initially governed by Canada, Special Publication 10, Consultants, Inc., White Plains, NY). He crystal surface-controlled kinetics (i.e. 368 p. crystals tend to grow larger in propor- looks forward to spending some quality tion to their size). This growth was then Mineralogical Society of America (MSA). time this summer mineral collecting. 2003, Pegmatite Interest Group, www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 59 Geologic Models as Teaching Aids; Some Personal Examples

Paul A. Lindberg, CPG-06344

There is an old saying that “a picture function of a well-designed model should of the world’s more famous geological is worth a thousand words.” Since a be to educate all levels of viewers. wonders. On each of those trips I brought picture is a two-dimensional image, a Long before receiving a degree in along a personally built, one-of-a-kind model in three-dimensions can speak Geological Engineering from the portable geologic model to help illustrate many volumes. A wide variety of geologic University of Minnesota in 1956, I devel- the structural history found at each of models have been used historically to oped a flair for making three-dimensional the sites. portray technical information visually, drawings and building model airplanes. My professional work in the Jerome most often in the form of static museum Like my engineer father before me, I area began in 1971 and over the next 30 displays. Models can range from a simple enjoyed taking things apart and reas- years I was involved with intermittent demonstration, such as how a rock sembling them in an effort to under- mineral exploration and resource assess- folds or has been offset by a fault, to a stand the inner, hidden workings of ment of the separately owned mine sites more elaborate portrayal of an entire an apparatus. That three-dimensional of the United Verde and United Verde district. Models of underground mines experimentation stood me in good stead Extension (UVX) ore deposits that lie on are especially effective because the ore later in my professional career when I opposite sides of the Verde fault. While body, tunnels, stopes, faults and drill prepared many detailed geologic and the United Verde mineralized outcrops holes lay hidden below the ground sur- mine maps, technical drawings, block were exploited by Hopi Indians for col- face. Models of that type are useful for diagrams and mine models. All that took orful pigments in prehistoric time, the mine planning as well as visitor edifica- place before the advent of the computer UVX deposit lay hidden from view until tion. Many national parks now display age with all its bells and whistles. In its discovery by underground explora- recently built topographic models where more recent years I began constructing tion in 1914. I had the unique opportu- a large terrane can be viewed from all customized geologic models of both the nity of conducting district-scale geologic sides. Excellent examples can be found at static museum type and those that were and structural mapping, correlating a Grand Canyon National park in Arizona portable and employing moveable and century’s worth of mine records, super- and Denali National Park in Alaska. removable parts. In portable models the vising exploration drilling and integrat- Another outstanding topographic model rock strata can be tilted, faulted, eroded ing a large amount of recorded mining is located at Glen Canyon Dam in and added to just like a real evolving company information of ore deposits in Arizona. It shows not only the intricately landscape. While today’s computers are the district. During the mining life of sculptured landscape surrounding Lake capable of performing spectacular feats the Jerome ore bodies the deposits were Powell but it accurately portrays the of electronic wizardry, a portable model believed to have been formed by “hydro- many subtle rock strata colors so well can be taken to its corresponding field thermal replacement” of pre-existing that geologists can identify specific rock site and used to display the area’s geo- Precambrian volcanic and sedimentary formations. logic evolution on a one-to-one basis. strata (Anderson and Creasey, 1958). By In order for a geologic or terrane Such devices are effective educational the early 1970s, however, geologist Paul model to be an effective educational tools that can be appreciated by people Handverger and others had recognized tool it should capture the attention with a wide range of geological under- that the deposits were of the volcano- of the viewer, be visually attractive, standing. The beauty is that as the pieces genic type and not replacement ores. straightforward in its presentation and are placed or removed on the model, the The complex volcanic and structural allow the whole area to be appreciated. pace of construction can be adjusted to history of the Verde mining district has A model should also be versatile enough meet the requirements and questions of been summarized in the post-mining era in its design to provide educational value the age and abilities of the viewers. (Lindberg and Gustin, 1987; Lindberg, to a wide range of viewers, irrespective During the recent September 2008 1989). A recent high-precision U-Pb age of their technical training. A three- AIPG conference in Flagstaff I led two date by Sam Bowring at MIT for a USGS dimensional model minimizes the need field trips to nearby favorite geologic jasper study places the age of the Jerome for wordy explanations of the subject localities that I have studied for many Cu-Zn-Au-Ag massive sulfide deposits at matter and should not skimp on techni- decades. One field trip went to the ~1,738.5 ±0.5 Ma in Early Proterozoic cal accuracy. In other words, a geological Verde mining district at Jerome, Arizona time (Slack et al. 2008). High grade ores model, or other visual display, should not and the second trip went to the Grand were mined at Jerome between 1893 be “dumbed-down” or “sugar-coated” to Canyon to examine the geology of one and 1953 when most mining operations pacify an ill-informed public. The key

60 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org GEOLOGIC MODELS AS TEACHING AIDS; SOME PERSONAL EXAMPLES ceased. Because of the very well exposed evolution of the district from its burial by understand how geological processes volcanic host rocks and sulfide mineral- Paleozoic sediments to the present day have shaped the landscape presented ization at Jerome, that location has long can be readily demonstrated. before them. For me it has been per- been a favorite destination for geology For the Grand Canyon tour I also sonally satisfying to be able to share tours by students, government agencies brought along a one-of-a-kind geologic some of the geological knowledge I have and mining geologists from all over the model to make its geologic history a bit gained over my professional career with world. Permitted tours were done under more comprehensible. Casual visitors others. strict safety guidelines and I provided to the Grand Canyon are often over- a number of posters, block diagrams, whelmed by the grandeur of the scene References maps and sections for use in explaining presented so abruptly before them. After Anderson, C.A., and Creasey, S., 1958, the area’s geology. The general public, a quick look into the abyss most tourists Geology and Ore Deposits, Jerome however, was largely unaware of the take the requisite photos of the canyon, Area, Yavapai County, Arizona: remarkable story that the ore deposits often recruiting the help of passersby U.S. Geological Survey Professional had to tell. to have their pictures taken with the Paper 308, 185 p. plus maps. In 1991 I prepared a permanent canyon as a backdrop. Even though Beus, S.S., and Morales, M., 2005, Grand display of the Jerome geology for the there is no consensus by the geological Canyon Geology: Oxford University Jerome Historic State Park museum. community as to exactly how the Grand Press, 432p. The 1”=300’ model shows the surface Canyon evolved, its geology has been geology and cutaway sections into the ore well described (Beus and Morales, 2003). Lindberg, P.A., and Gustin, M., 1987, deposits down to the deepest mine level And the history of investigators and Field Trip Guide to the Geology, at 4500 feet. Accompanying the display theories of canyon genesis have also been Structure and Alteration of the are the main rock and ore specimens recorded (Ranney, 2005). Jerome, Arizona Ore Deposits that are keyed to the model. Included Over the years I have watched tour- in Geologic Diversity of Arizona in the collection is a rare and exquisitely ists attempting to understand the signs and its Margins, Davis, G.H., and preserved Precambrian “black smoker” that describe geologic features spread VandenDolder, E.M., eds.: Arizona specimen (deep sea hydrothermal sul- before them, but all too often their Bureau of Mines and Mineral fide column) from the United Verde eyes quickly glaze over without fully Technology, Geological Survey deposit that is one of the oldest and best absorbing the amazing story laid so dra- Branch Special Paper 5, p. 176- preserved examples on the planet. The matically before them. What the casual 181. model portrays the best available geol- visitor observes from the canyon rim is Lindberg, P.A., 1989, Precambrian Ore ogy based on surface, mine and drill hole the end product of a long and complex Deposits of Arizona, in Geologic records and does not simplify structural geologic evolution that took almost two Evolution of Arizona: Arizona detail. During the recent AIPG field trip billion years to construct. Nearby rim Geological Society Digest 17, p. this model provided the participants rocks might be somewhat more under- 187-210. with an introduction to the geology of standable to most viewers, but the rock Ranney, W., 2005, Carving Grand Jerome ore deposits. strata in the depths of the canyon blur Canyon: Grand Canyon Association, At the edge of the nearby United Verde into more of an art form than something 160 p. open pit, astride the trace of the Verde having scientific meaning. Slack, J.F., Grenne, T., Bekker, A., fault, the tour was shown a portable Years ago I recognized the need for a Rouxel, O.J., and Lindberg, P.A., model that displays the complex fault- straightforward educational model that In press , Suboxic Deep Seawater in ing history of the Verde fault system would portray the geological evolution the Late Paleoproterozoic: Evidence that has taken place since the time of of the Grand Canyon rocks as it would from Hematitic Chert and Iron. the Laramide Orogeny and regional have been built from the bottom to the Formation related to Seafloor- uplift. The 1”=400’ model incorporates top long before canyon itself had been cut hydrothermal Sulfide Deposits, two parallel east-west sections that pass by Colorado River erosion. The resulting Central Arizona, USA: Earth and through the two ore deposits lying on model shows three major episodes of Planetary Science Letters, 14 p opposite sides of the Jerome anticlino- deposition, tectonic uplift and erosion rium and Verde fault plane. Selected that has shaped the canyon country Paul Lindberg received a Bachelor of mine level plans are also included. The since Early Proterozoic time. Only after Geological Engineering degree from the model allows for movement on the Verde the Laramide uplift had raised the University of Minnesota in 1956 that fault plane during its Laramide age high- crustal rocks of the Southwest to their was followed by 20 years as a mineral angle reverse phase ~75 Ma as well as current elevation can the erosion of the exploration geologist with the Anaconda an associated décollement fault (gravity canyon be shown on the model by using Company in Western U.S. and Canada. slide) that exposed the apex of the UVX an overlay to represent rock units that Over the next two years he was the ore deposit, and subsequent reactiva- were stripped away. tion of the Verde fault plane during the Exploration Manager for McIntyre Mines The design and construction of inter- Ltd.out of Toronto Canada. Since 1978 development of the Verde graben 8-10 active and portable geologic models has Ma. Prolonged erosion directly over the he has been an independent consulting proven to be an effective educational geologist with field experience through- UVX deposit throughout Tertiary time tool that I have been able to share with allowed for groundwater to generate the out Western U.S., Western Canada and Elderhostel tours, local clubs, colleagues Alaska. Paul’s main field of interest is in bonanza grade supergene enrichment and friends. It is evident that by dem- of the Precambrian age ore deposit. By unraveling the complexities of structur- onstrating the step-by-step evolution ally deformed ore deposits. demonstrating the complex geologic his- of a landscape, most people can readily tory with the aid of the model on site, the www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 61 Groundwater Exploration and Development in Haiti

James Adamson, MEM-1532, and Stuart Dykstra

Nouveau Kiskeya has become synony- We were brought into the project with cover. Ultimately, this special treatment mous with the words “hope” and “change” one objective, to find clean water, enough made us uncomfortable, as the Haitians in northwest Haiti. Nouveau Kiskeya, to supply the development and the local we met were unfailingly gracious despite meaning “new Haiti” in Creole, is an communities. We conducted months of their living conditions. innovative mixed use land-development geologic research, including a visit to Work continued in the office analyzing project underway on the north coast of the USGS library and hundreds of phone all of our geologic maps and field data to Haiti. The key to Nouveau Kiskeya’s suc- calls with Caribbean and Haitian geol- target some drilling locations. The geol- cess was clean water, which was needed ogy authorities. We also tasked satel- ogy of the area is complex; the northwest for the development and the people of lites to obtain high resolution imagery of Haiti is one of the most tectonically the area. of the area to analyze the landscape for active areas of the Caribbean. Faults geologic features. The research left us strike through the landscape exposing with mixed emotions; we were optimistic confusing unconformities, folds had to about groundwater prospects based on be interpreted, and the varying rock our research but many of the experts we formations had to be characterized and contacted wished us luck but dismissed understood. the idea of finding quality groundwater. We were also discouraged by the reports and stories full of horror about the liv- ing conditions and poverty that blanket Haiti. Everything we read encouraged us to think that Haiti was an awful place, with a hopeless outlook and a dispirited population. The Author, James Adamson in Haiti. We packed up all of our field equip- ment, dusted off our Brunton compasses In May of 2007, we found that water and rock hammers, and headed to Haiti – clear, clean and plentiful – and it to start our field work. We arrived only was accomplished in spite of many who to find a beautiful country with people doubted it could be done. The discovery who radiate happiness and hospitality Project team investigating a spring with locals. has instantly delivered pride to the despite their impoverished conditions. people of northwest Haiti and is propel- All the people we met were open and ling the project forward. welcoming and gave us complete free- From all of our research and field Haiti shares the island of Hispaniola dom to wander their land. Grasping what data we developed cross sections and a with its much larger neighbor to the east, we were trying to do, they appeared to conceptual geologic model of the area. the Dominican Republic. Haiti was once be truly honored to work with us and be We determined that a steeply dipping considered the jewel of the Caribbean, part of the search. Eocene fractured limestone was the but now is viewed by many as a hope- We spent nearly six weeks performing most likely stratum to contain water. It less case with one of the worst water a geologic survey of an area greater than is positioned above relatively imperme- availability indices in the world. The 200 square kilometers. We conducted able layers of Cretaceous andesite and best word to describe northwest Haiti geologic transects, observed springs, conglomerate. Further, the nature of is poor; there is little economic activ- rock outcrops, faults and stream cuts. some regional faulting and intrusive ity, no utility or sanitation services and Road limitations provided us with about dikes hinted that groundwater could be no infrastructure. Disease is rampant, 150 km of rugged hiking in heat that trapped from immediately discharging infant mortality is high and modern often exceeded 100 degrees. Whenever to the ocean. sanitation is nearly non-existent. Clean we stopped to rest, the local people would There was another challenge to find- water is at a premium, especially in offer what they had to eat and race to ing water; a very thick unit of clayey marl northwest Haiti, considered to be one of bring us hand woven chairs. When it above our target aquifer. The marl was the driest areas of the country. rained, they would scramble to offer us deposited unconformably over a steeply

62 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN HAITI dipping limestone with a highly irregu- It took three days to drill the well. celebration was more than the promise lar upper surface, impeding our ability Every day we attracted a crowd reach- of a better way of life. There was a deep to estimate the depth to the limestone. ing up to 100 people that circled the drill sense of pride that water was found in Our data indicated that horizontal dif- rig. Enterprising women set up a food their area. The celebration went on and ferences of 100 feet could attribute to an vending area where they made and sold on, the experience was of the richest for extra 300 – 500 feet of drilling length to coffee, fried bananas, bread and spicy us and unforgettable to everyone present reach the aquifer. We only had 320 feet peanut brittle. During the drilling, the that day. of drill stem, so we had to carefully and locals would constantly study our facial precisely choose a location. There were expressions and try to interpret whether very few locations that met our criteria; things were promising or discouraging. all of them required a road be built for After about 300 feet of nerve-wracking drill rig access. drilling, things started changing. We had encountered our targeted limestone unit and were very excited. Suddenly, we lost circulation of the drilling mud as we had hit a crack in the limestone below. We had found the water! We soon began airlifting the water from the borehole; the crowd could not Haitian kids having their first ever shower believe that it was groundwater. Some after installing the well pump. thought it was just water that we used for the drilling, but water kept coming and coming. Rivulets gathered to form The completed test well is a small a small stream that flowed into the diameter well, and although it just pen- fields around the well. The celebration etrates the aquifer, yields 620 gallons per minute. The test well came to represent James Adamson analyzing a exploded upon our initial smiles and geologic contact. acknowledgment of success. much more as the project proceeded. Even though it was intended to be explor- atory, it required significant investment We took a deep breath and chose our and risk to complete. It became a verdict one drill site, as we were constrained of whether we had done our job. by project schedules and budgets. We The work is just beginning, we now suddenly felt the pressure when they have a 26 gpm pump installed and have starting building the road and the project constructed a 6,000 gallon reservoir to team purchased the well site property. It provide water to approximately 1,000 took three days for the drill rig to reach locals near the well. The aquifer is the site and the driller thought we were carefully being studied to determine crazy and told us we would not find water sustainable yields and a 15 km pipeline here. His reason was justifiable for a is planned to deliver water to Nouveau uninvolved observer, as we were very Kiskeya and the local communities along high on the landscape in a location that the way. even made us think. We were going in, Nouveau Kiskeya has large hurdles trusting all of our interpretations, rock ahead but the promise of a changing measurements and extrapolations for Haiti is there. The project’s backbone is what was beneath us. We were nervous Airlifting the high yield well a beautiful country and people, and now but confident. there is some water to contribute to the success of the project, the country and Women danced and chanted in Creole, people of northwest Haiti. people clapped while others watched in awe as water shot from the well. The James Adamson (jadamson@v3co. drilling-team director, a 20 year veteran com) is a Sr. Hydrogeologist and of such work in Haiti, said it was the Stuart Dykstra is a Principal and best well he had drilled. Turning to us he Hydrogeologist with V3 Companies Ltd. said, “We have changed northwest Haiti This project was recently awarded a 2009 forever.” The news of the discovery had Engineering Excellence Honor Award by reached out within minutes to people all ACEC (American Council of Engineering over Haiti and the U.S. Companies) – Illinois. Locals anxiously diverted the flowing water to their fields; women and chil- dren immediately collected their buck- Stuart Dykstra of V3, measuring the strike ets and jugs to replenish their supply. and dip of a limestone formation. People started washing their faces in the flowing water. It was clear that the www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 63 AIPG Raft Trip on the Colorado River

Holly Walton-Buchanan, PhD

Steve Sonnenberg and Great Unconformity. Photo by Going “big” on a rapid on the Colorado River. Photo by Holly Luanne Whitbeck. Walton-Buchanan. We hiked up into a canyon to inspect this 980-milliion-year- “OK, everybody – hang on! We’re going BIG and you’re old break in the rock record, trying to imagine the forces that gonna get wet!” erased ancient mountains and formed a huge Paleozoic sea on Twenty-one “river rats” splashed through the rapids of the this site, squarely on top of ancient bedrock. Colorado River, on a six-day trip in September, organized by Then came proof of a more violent past: a huge rock blocked AIPG. Colorado School of Mines professor Steve Sonnenberg, the middle of the channel, a 50- foot high lava plug called CPG-06201, expertly guided us on an excellent journey Vulcan’s Anvil, formed just 200,000 years ago. Pleistocene through 1.8 billion years of geologic time, from the Upper cinder cones and volcanoes spewed enough lava to block the Permian back to the Pre-Cambrian. As our motorized pon- ancient river and creating a huge, albeit temporary lake. toons churned slowly through the deep canyon, we marveled at the limestone and sandstone cliffs soaring above us, many over 3,000 feet high. Huge caverns were scoured out of their sheer walls.

Redwall Cavern. Photo by Holly Walton-Buchanan.

Soon the sedimentary formations were replaced by a jumble Vulcan’s Anvil. Photo by Holly Walton-Buchanan of tilted and folded Pre-Cambrian metamorphic rocks -- basalt, schist, and granite – forming a highly visible line across the cliff face. This was the Great Unconformity.

64 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org AIPG RAFT TRIP ON THE COLORADO RIVER

The few narrow beaches of sugary white sand along the Because of the success of this raft trip and its value in riverbank are studded with tamarisks and willows, shelter- public relations for AIPG, all participants voiced a desire to ing birds, deer, spotted skunks, ring-tail cats, and bighorn continue the tradition with a similar trip each year where mountain sheep (even an albino ewe!) from the relentless sun. possible. Special thanks go to Bill Siok of the AIPG office for A handful of these sandy strips hosted our campsite at night, setting up the trip, to Steve Sonnenberg for being our guide, providing a dandy cushion for our sleeping bags and a handy and to Ron Parratt of TXAU in Reno for assisting with the beach for preparing dinner and washing dishes. finances of the trip.

Dr Holly Walton-Buchanan received her PhD at the University of Nevada, Reno. Her most recent book recounts the history of the University’s Mackay School of Mines. She has also published histories of Reno’s historic houses and buildings and the University’s College of Education. She lives in Reno with husband Kel Buchanan.

Nightcamp. Photo by Ben Everitt

Each day found us climbing up through narrow, boulder- filled canyons, where we found treasures such as reptile tracks on Coconino sandstone or ancient Anasazi ruins and petroglyphs. Some trails led to hidden waterfalls cascading into clear, beautiful pools, perfect for swimming. AIPG group photo by Jean Beaulieu.

Vote Vote Vote

Remember, if you signed up for an electronic copy of the TPG, you will need to Hiking to the ancient Anasazi granary. Photo vote on-line at www.aipg. by Holly Walton-Buchanan. The partici- pants repre- sented several org. American states as well as three Canadian provinces: AIPG members Luanne Whitbeck and husband Dean Long (NY); You will need your login and Steve Sonnenberg (CO); Kel Buchanan and wife Holly (NV); password to vote. Ben Everitt and wife Cynthia (UT); Peter Schreuder and wife Kim Haag (FL); Michael Hoge (OH); Lynn Padgett (CO) and Contact AIPG Headquarters if guest Jeff Litteral (KY); Ginger McLemore and guest Coralee Carrier (NM); John O’Leary (MA); Michael Russ and Randy you need assistance. Shields (KY); Charles Wallis (British Columbia); and Jean Beaulieu (Quebec). AAPG members Jon Noad and Yvette Hagemans joined us from Alberta.

www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 65 Anthropogenic Hillside-Erosion and Floodplain Inundation, Cul-de-Sac, Haiti

Barney P. Popkin, CPG-06547

Haiti, slightly smaller than Maryland, is the largely areas to its cities, especially its capital Port-au-Prince and volcanic, mountainous western end of the old Caribbean secondary cities such as Gonaïves, is increasing at alarming tropical island of Hispaniola. The Cul-de-Sac watershed, the rates contributing to more slums and urban unemployment. subject of this paper, occupies an area between the national Most agriculture is dryland, historically on the thick, border with the Dominican Republic and the coast adjacent alluvial, well-drained calcareous soils in the plains, derived to Port-Au-Prince (Figure 1). Haiti is the poorest country in from upland volcanic rocks and midland carbonate rocks. Urbanization in the plains, even where below or near sea level, and absentee large-scale agricultural land owners, has led to declining agricultural production with catastrophic flood crises due to recurrent flooding from hurricanes, exacerbated by upper watershed deforestation, destruction of irrigation and drainage canals, and poor hillside agricultural practices. The crushing demands of poverty, coupled with diminish- ing available alluvial farmland, have forced small farmers to the hillsides (Figure 2). This migration has lead to extensive

Figure 1. Location map of Haiti (CIA, 2009). the Western Hemisphere, with 80 percent of its population in poverty, and 54 percent in abject poverty. It has suffered extensive difficulties, if not calamities, with awesome chal- lenges in recent times. These include, aside from hurricanes and Creole language, for example, wide-spread illiteracy and poverty, rapid growing population and unemployment, HIV/ AIDs explosions, declining incomes and diminishing wealth, Figure 2. Hillside cash-crop, seasonal vegetable farming, Cul-de-Sac extensive brain drain immigration of both workers and elite highlands, Haiti – note lack of erosion controls. (especially skilled and educated people), rising crime, insecu- rity and lawlessness, corruption, land tenure uncertainties, absentee large-scale landholders, dysfunctional government, deforestation for timber, firewood, charcoal, and land clear- and rapid and intensified hillside erosion from unchecked ing for quick cash, followed by seasonal vegetable farming deforestation and non-sustainable agricultural practices, peri- for cabbage, potatoes and yams, on bright-red, lateritic soils, urbanization, and urbanization. with little organic matter, on 40-60° slopes (Figure 3).It is Approximately 70 percent of Haiti’s nine million people work now cheaper to import rice and sugar than to produce it in in the agricultural sector, primarily for crops-for-cash, house- Haiti, contrary to when Haiti exported these crops. Hillside hold vegetable gardens, and important exports – coffee, cacao, farmers often use ropes as lifelines to reach their small, steep and mango, but these are limited by quality, seasonal storms, fields to tend their crops. As increasing poverty and urbaniza- and post-harvest challenges such as poor roads, insufficient tion increases pressure for food, many observers anticipate delivery and storage, and spotty customs office and uncertain continued degradation of the hillsides by replacement of the shipping. At the same time, the migration from Haiti’s rural few remaining forests or forest areas with seasonal vegetable

66 TPG MAY/JUNE 2009 www.aipg.org ANTHROPOGENIC HILLSIDE-EROSIION AND FLOODPLAN INUDATION

References Cardenas, Jose. September 23, 2008. Humanitarian Response to the Hurricanes in Haiti. Testimony before the Western Hemisphere Subcommittee, of the U.S. House Foreign Affairs Committee. http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/ car092308.pdf; accessed 12/29/08. Central Intelligence Agency. February 24, 2009. The World Fact Book, Haiti. (https://www.cia.gov/library/publica- tions/the-world-factbook/geos/ha.html) Daniel, Trenton and Jacqueline Charles. September 24, 2008. Do More For Haiti, Some Lawmakers Ask. The Miami Herald. Reprinted at http://dyinginhaiti.blog- spot.com/2008/09/do-more-for-haiti.html; accessed 12/29/08. FEWS NET. September 2005. Profils des Modes de Vie en Haiti. http://www.fews.net/livelihood/ht/National.pdf; Figure 3. Hillside cash-crop, seasonal cabbage farming, Cul-de- accessed 12/30/08. Sac highlands, Haiti – note lack of erosion controls. Popkin, Barney P., October 8, 2008. Hurricane Restoration crops, leading to further accelerated erosion and flooding, and Works, Haiti. MS PowerPoint Presentation to USAID/ related human tragedy. Cul-de-Sac, Haiti. These challenges are magnified in the large Cul-de-Sac Ross, Andrew. May 14, 2007. Cul-de-Sac Watershed, Data watershed, which contains Port-au-Prince and much of Summary and Analysis. Prepared for the Hillside the Haitian population, but several are not insurmount- Agriculture Program (HAP) by Development Alternatives, able, theoretically. Improved hillside agricultural practices Inc. for United States Agency for International are theoretically promising, such as soil restoration and Development (US AID). replacement, terracing, on-contour farming, alternating and Smucker, Glenn (editor). April 2007. Environmental intercropping of fruit trees, charcoal plantation trees, and Vulnerability in Haiti: Findings and Recommendations. vegetable crops. Floodwaters could be viewed as a resource, Chemonics and U.S. Forest Service report to US AID. and harvested for hydroelectric power and groundwater http://www.wilsoncenter.org/events/docs/Haiti_Final. recharge. Deposited sediments are also a potential resource pdf; accessed 12/29/08) as engineering and road-bed materials. Urban runoff could be Smucker, Glenn (editor). June 2007. Environmental Risks and captured for groundwater recharge with roof-top harvesting Opportunities in Haiti. Report to US AID. and recharge basins. These interventions require a national commitment from the Haitian government, not merely South-East Consortium for International Development and emergency responses common with the donor community, Auburn University (SECID). October 1994. Productive non-governmental organizations (NGOs), humanitarian aid Land Use Systems, Haiti: Water Harvesting and groups, and local communities. Small-Scale Irrigation. SECID/Auburn PLUS Report Although Haiti has been in the news lately due to recent No. 19 http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADL083.pdf; hurricanes and other tragedies, it has several international accessed 12/29/08. donors, NGOs, humanitarian organizations, and local com- US AID, Haiti, February 15, 2002. Hurricane George Recovery munities poised to improve the situation. Unfortunately, Program, Final Report. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/ foreign assistance has not led to sustained development, PDABZ625.pdf; accessed 12/29/08. although some short-term income and improvements have US AID, September 12, 2008. Haiti Food Crisis Response 1 resulted (such as ASSET, DEED, HAP ) on a discontinuous, Update Report http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/ often non-integrated project basis. Most assistance has led to PDACL895.pdf; accessed 12/29/08. dependency rather than the opposite. What, then, does the future hold for Haiti, as continued Mr. Popkin is a California Professional Geologist , Registered anthropogenic environmental degradation and urbanization Environmental Assessor, former USGS Hydrologist and accelerates erosion through increased peak flood heights, USAID Foreign Service Officer. He has over 40 years of expe- flood duration, and flood volumes? Some believe that Haiti’s rience in water, sanitation, wastewater, solid and hazardous agricultural future must diminish and that a massive lit- waste management, environmental assessment and mitiga- eracy, education, and vocational training program must be tion in the U.S., Asia, Latin America, Caribbean, Middle implemented and succeed to support other livelihoods such East, and North Africa. He has taught at U.S. universities as tourism, art-dance-music-performance centers, hospitality and colleges, and, trained over 2,000 U.S., host-country, and industry, retirement communities, and skills preparation for foreign-agency staff in environmental engineering for US AID. overseas foreign workers. Mr. Popkin is currently a consultant and may be contacted at [email protected].

1. Respectively, these abbreviations are: Agricultural Sustainable System and Environmental Transformation (ASSET), Development Economique pour un Environnement Durable (DEED), and Hillside Agricultural Program (HAP); each program originates with the US Agency for International Development (US AID), and is typically administered by one or more NGOs. An overview of these and other US AID programs can be found at the website of the latter – www.usaid.gov. www.aipg.org MAY/JUNE 2009 • TPG 67 New Book to purchase from the AIPG store. Geology Underfoot in Northern Arizona Member Price: $12.00 Non-Member Price: $ 18.00 Learn about the Geology of Northern Arizona with maps, photos and expert descriptions! This 6”x9” paperback has 321 pages that are packed with detailed information about Northern Arizona Geology. Limited stock available.

Author: Lon Abbott and Terri Cook Publisher: Mountain Press Publishing Company, ISBN Number: 978-0-87842-528-0

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