Multi Purpose Deep Tunnel (MPDT) An Integrated Solution for Flood Control, Water Supply, Waste Wa ter, Road Tunnel and Public Utilities in the Mega City

Presented to : Singapore International Water Week (SIWW) 2008 June 25, 2008 Suntec Singapore International Convention & Exhibition Centre - Water Leaders Summit and South East Asia Business Forum

FIRDAUS ALI, PhD.

A N A A N I R Y A MI L N Jakarta Water Supply Regulatory Body E U P M (JWSRB)

1 Environmental Serious Problems being faced by Mega City of Jakarta.

1) Floods, paralyzing the city (Business, Industrial and Municipal damages);

a) 2002 Flood damages IDR 9.9 Trillions b) 2007 ditto IDR 8.8 Trillions

TOTAL IDR 18.7 Trillions (eq. to USD 2.05 Billions) 2) Raw water scarcity and also badly polluted; 3) Water supply coverage ratio, only around 55 %; 4) Untreated waste water, causing water borne diseases due to e-colli; 5) Excessive abstraction of Ground Water, causing land subsidence and sea water intrusion as well as worsening the flood control management; 6) Traffic congestion is severe, causing national loss IDR 43.3 T/annum (eq. to USD 4.76 B/annum); 7) Climate change worsen the situation. Strategy to Solve Those Problems :

STRUCTURAL Urban Integrated Efficient Cost effectiveness MEASURES Infrastructure Development

INFRASTRUCTURE SERIOUS PROBLEMS

NON STRUCTURAL MEASURES

Social Economic Solving Problems Political By Stages Land Acquisition

BEST EFFORTS

Key Words : 1) Land Acquisition 2) Commitment on Urban Integrated Infrastructure Development by sta ges a City a KL) and utility shaft, shaft, utility and KL) rtilizer. ta; Water Reclamation Reclamation Water city piped water service service water piped city xcept for holding pond and and pond holding for xcept ply, Water, Waste SMART( project

MULTI PURPOSE DEEP TUNNEL MULTI(MPDT) TUNNEL PURPOSE DEEP Road Tunnel and Public Meg Tunnel Utilities the Road and in Jakarta Supply clean water for the Northern part of Jakar of part Northern the for water clean Supply Improve water quality in water bodies; bodies; water in quality water Improve fe organic and gas) (methane power electric Produce An Integrated Solution for Flood Solution Integrated Control, An Sup Water    Plants (WRPs) to : to (WRPs) Plants due to a more reliable supply of raw water; raw of supply reliable more a to due ingresses + ingresses road; toll of egresses as in TARP project (Chicago). project TARP in as With the Following Benefits; Following the With 1.2.flood; peak Controlling including wastewater urban management, Improving 3.improved to due abstraction water ground Reducing 4.e acquisition land no need tunnel of Constructing 5. in as roadway toll as tunnel the Utilizing Ciliwung River Basin

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West East Central Egress Map of MPDT Airport Concept

Egress Grogol Dam Roxy

Cideng Pumping Station Egress Melati Attenuation Karet Sluice Pond Gate Manggarai Sluice Gate

Setiabudi Pond WTP Toll Road Balekambang - Manggarai

Holding Basin MPDT Central Zone Headworks MPDT FOR CENTRAL ZONE (CILIWUNG, CIDENG, KRUKUT)

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MT Haryono

Pluit Reservoir MPDT Ri ver Bed / West Flood Way / Surface MPDT Area : 80 Ha River Bed / West Flood Way / Su rface (Half part is for WWTP/ Advanced Activated Sludge) Bell Mouth Intake Sewage U tili ty Shaft Holding Basin Utility Shaft pipes +++4 Ha Drainage network

+ 15 m + 15 m Diversion Weir Full PressurizF ully P ressurized ed Flow Flow Egress Roxy Diversion Weir Inlet 3 (100 m (2503 /s) duringm /s) dur 7 ing hour 3with Off Take R 100 (emerg encyou tlet) + 12 m with R 100 + 12 m (emergency outlet) Head works

Stor m Water Wastewater Egress Tanah Abang Hea dwo rk MT Haryo no + Ho ldin g Bas in Wastewater + 12m Melati Attenuation Ponds + 12 m (area : 3.5 Ha) Length : + 22 Km Ciliwung Kota Diameter : + 12 m Volume : + 2.5million m 3 KaretSluice Q = 0 LengthFilling Time : + 3: + hour 22 Km Gate Diameter : + 12 m Volume : + 2.5 mill ion m 3 Fil ling Time : + 7 hour W est Flood W ManggaraiSluice ay Gate Pejompongan WTP Ponds (area : 4.35 Ha) Plan of MPDT Toll Road (underneath Ciliwung River and West Flood Way) Ingress Balekambang - - Manggarai Through DTRS Thr ough MPDT h Headwork MT Haryono h SafeSafety Level - Diversion Weir (at “Normalized”Kali(at “Normalized”Kali Ciliwung and B KB) - Offtake Structure Ciliwung and BKB) - Holding Pond (+ 4 Ha)

Flood Q 100 3100 t Manggarai Sluice Gate=Flood 750 Q m /s ManggaraiSluice Gate= t Peak P eriod 750 m3/s Peak Period Q MP DT (max) at Peak Flood = 10025 0 m 3/s 3/s (the flow isus uallydischarged into theexis ting u rban drainage syste m to downtown 3 Qa rea DTRS a t Alert(max) Level 1) at peak Flood = 100 m /s (the flow is usuall y discharged into the existing urban drainage system to down town area at alert level !)

CILIWUNG RIVER River Bed / West Flood Way / Surface

Utility Shaft

Fully Pressurized Flow + 15 m (250 m 3/s) during 3 hour

with R 100 + 12 m (emergency outlet)

Storm Water Wastewater

+ 12 m

Length : + 22 Km Diameter : + 12 m Volume : + 2.5 million m 3 Filling Time : + 3 hour Flood Data, February 2007 MPDT & Other Alternative Technology

N Ancient Ground Water Jakarta Water Resources Management DAM o. MPDT Canal (problems & solutions) River Recharge

1. Flood control      2. Scarcity of Raw water resource      3. Sewage      4. Ground water conservation    (DG)  (SG) 5. Improvement of surface water quality      6. Land acquisition      7. Cost       8. Technology      9. Integrated Urban Water Resources     

10 Potential Revenue USD usd    .

= appropriate;  = how?;  = not possible;  = not effective;  = unnecessary;  = a must;  = relatively expensive;  = inexpensive; USD = potential; usd = slightly potential;  =relatively easy

Note : in addition to matters mentioned above, MPDT also benefits in improving toll road & utility network FLOW DIAGRAM OF MPDT CONCEPT IMPLEMENTATION “Flow Diagram of MPDT Concept ” I. Pre -Feasibility Study (FS) to Basic Design

This phase comprises of :

1) Technical Aspect, for Geological aspect and Hydro Geology, Soil Investigation, Flood Control, Traffic System Engineering and Management, Waste Water Management and its Reclamation Plant, Utility Shaft, Civil/Structural Engineering Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Health and Safety Engineering.

2) Economical Aspect, economical aspect is needed to observe to what extent investment is economically feasible to mitigate the impact of flood damages and address economical benefit. Continued..

I. Pre -Feasibility Study (FS) to Basic Design

3) Ecological and social culture aspect, which comprises of :

A. Environmental/ecological impact in development phase and operation and maintenance phase.

B. Cultural social aspect, especially for those community reside along side Ciliwung river and west flood way including acceptability level.

4) Financial aspect, is needed in identifying to what extent private sector including BUMN and BUMD both national and foreign investment are financially feasible (FIRR, schematic fund and concession period) II. Feasibility Study (FS) to Detailed Design

1) After Pre-Fs is accepted by the government, the stages of FS and detailed design shall be continued by the proponent; 2) The result of FS and detailed design shall become a basis for negotiation process based on BOT scheme, or tendering process under PPP scheme between Government and Private sector;

3) The negotiation or tender result as mentioned above, shall become a baseline for entering the contract agreement between government and related private sector, based on pre determined of concession period. III. MPDT Implementation

Once FS and Detailed Design are completely done, next phase is to implement MPDT by the investor consortium through EPC system (Engineering, Procurement, & Construction) which consist of work items as follow:

A. Deep Tunnel 22 km including Holding Pond, Flood Forecasting and Warning Center, Weather Radar and Rain gauge Station, Sea Outfall Turbine Pump plus Surge Chamber; B. Toll Road 18 km including Ingress and Egress, Motorway Control Center, Safety Features including Escape Routes and Fire Hydrants ;

C. Sewerage system consist of Main Trunk, Secondary, Tertiary Pipe Networks and Water Reclamation Plant;

D. Utility Shaft . IV. Operational Management 1) This phase is not only expected by public at large but also by government and investor.

2) Considering that MPDT is a multi purpose, integrated and accurate monitoring and controlling are crucially important (for instance : integration among the SOP of flood control, toll road operational management and its safety features, sewerage system, etc)

3) Controlling of each component, consist of : a. Revenue Collection b. OM Costs c. Tariff adjustment d. etc. Development Cost (based price 2008)

1. MPDT : IDR 12.7 T ≈ USD 1,396 Millions  Deep Tunnel (including Holding Pond, Flood Forecasting and Warning Center, Weather Radar and Rain gauge Station, Sea Outfall Turbine Pump plus Surge Chamber); double deck toll road (including motorway control center and safety features inside tunnel) : IDR 11.7 T ≈ USD 1,286 Millions (unit price MPDT including double deck toll road is estimated IDR 650 Billions per km length)  Waste Water Trunk Main : IDR 0.5 T ≈ USD 550 Millions  Utility Shaft : IDR 0.5 T ≈ USD 550 Millions

2. Waste Water System : IDR 4.3 T ≈ USD 472 Millions  Secondary &Tertiary  Water Reclamation Plant /WRP (Recycle) Total : IDR 17 T ≈ USD 1,868 Millions Potential Revenue from Toll Road

 Estimated LHR (Daily Average of Traffic Amounts) : 51,000 vehicles/day ► captive market 25% of Sedyatmo toll road users ► based on LHR sedyatmo toll road data until December 2005 is 203,138 vehicles/day

 Captive market : ►short route (manggarai – tanah abang) ± 4 km : 20% ►medium route (manggarai – roxy) ± 8.5 km : 20% ►far route (manggarai – Soeta airport) ± 18 km : 60%

 Tariff per km (assumption) : IDR 1,000/km → (tariff in 2008) ►based on SMART-KL, Malaysia data, assumption tariff/km = IDR 1,666/km

 Effective days used : 350 days

Daily Average of Traffic Length Amounts estimated tariff Potential Revenue

Toll Road Route (km) (vehicles/day) % (IDR/vehicles) (IDR/day) (IDR/annum)

1 short 4 10,200 20% 4,000 40,800,000 14,280,000,000

2 medium 8.5 10,200 20% 8,500 86,700,000 30,345,000,000

3 far 18 30,600 60% 18,000 550,800,000 192,780,000,000

10.17 51,000 100% 10,167 678,300,000 237,405,000,000

 Potential revenue from toll road is IDR 237,405,000,000 per annum, or IDR 237,000,000,000 (rounded down) eq. to USD 26,000, 000 per annum Potential Revenue from Waste Water, Water Reclamation, Electricity, Fertilizer, and Utility Shaft

► Area of Central Zone : 6,932 ha ► Population : 450 People/hectare ► Total Population served : 3,119,400 nos ► Waste water production per people : 100 lt/people/day

► Total Waste Water : 311,940 m3/day : 113,858,100 m3/annum : 114,000,000 m3/annum ( rounded up) Potential Revenue from Waste Water

►Waste Water Charges (sources data : JWDP, 2000)

● Average Charges : 1,900 IDR/m3 →(2008)

● Potential Revenue : 216,600,000,000 IDR/annum

: 217,000,000,000 IDR/annum (rounded up) eq. to : 24,000,000 USD/annum Potential Revenue from Water Supply

● Estimated Tariff : 2,500 IDR/m3 → 2008 ● Volume of water Produced : 265,149 m3/day → 85% of total waste : 96,779,385 m3/annum ● Potential Revenue : 241,948,462,500 IDR/annum : 242,000,000,000 IDR/annum (rounded up) Eq. to : 26,600,000 USD/annum Potential Revenue from Organic Fertilizer

Based on current urea prices ● Estimated price : 1,200 IDR/kg per kg in 2006

: 1,400 IDR/kg Estimated price in 2008

● Specific Gravity : 1.13 ton/m3

● Total Waste to be Treated : 17,078,715 m3/annum Assumption of waste to be treated for organic fertilizer is 15% of total waste (113,858,100 : 19,298,948 ton/annum m3/annum)

: 19,298,947,950 kg/annum

● Percentage of fertilizer from waste : 0.20% Milwauke, USA can produce 2 kg organic fertilizer from 1 ton of waste : 38,597,896 kg/annum ● Potential Revenue : 54,037,054,400 IDR/annum

: 54,000,000,000 IDR/annum (rounded down) Eq. to : 6,000,000 USD/annum Potential Revenue from Methane Gas (Electricity)

● Estimated Price : 4,500 IDR/kg Based on current retail price of LPG : IDR 55,000/12kg = IDR 4,583/kg

● Total methane gas for electricity : 8,491,537 kg/annum Based on assumption of CH4 (gas methan) = 0.22 x biosolid

● Potential Revenue : 38,211,916,941 IDR/annum

: 38,000,000,000 IDR/annum (rounded down)

: 4,000,000 USD/annum

Note : 1. Potential revenue from methane gas could also achieve through Carbon Finance Scheme; 2. This scheme is being implemented by Bekasi local government through methane gas conversion sale from TPA Sumur Batu to Dutch Government with 15 year concession period. Potential Revenue from Utility Shaft

● Length of Utility Shaft : 22 km ● no. of users (assumption)* : 7 operators

● Potential Revenue : 23,000,000,000 IDR/annum Eq. to: 2,500,000 USD/annum

*) assumption no of user water : 1 → palyja/tpj electricity : 1 → pln gas : 1 → pgn telecommunication : 4 → telkom, indosat, xl,cdma total : 7 Estimated Revenue per Year (based price 2008)

1. Toll Road = IDR 237 B ≈ USD 26 Millions

2. Waste Water = IDR 551 B ≈ USD 60.6 Millions - Waste Water Service Charges : IDR 217 B ≈ USD 24 Millions - Water from Reclamation : IDR 242 B ≈ USD 26.6 Millions - Electricity : IDR 38 B ≈ USD 4 Millions - Fertilizer : IDR 54 B ≈ USD 6 Millions

3. Utility Shaft = IDR 23 B ≈ USD 2.5 Millions

Total Revenue per annum = IDR 811 B ≈ USD 89.1 Millions Operation and Maintenance Cost per Year (based price 2008)

 Toll Road : 20% x IDR 237 B = IDR 47.4 B ≈ USD 5.2 Millions  Waste Water : 20% x IDR 551 B = IDR 110.2 B ≈ USD 12.1 Millions  Utility Shaft : 5% x IDR 23 B = IDR 1.15 B ≈USD 0.2 Millions

Total Operation & Maintenance cost = IDR 158.75 B = IDR 159 B (rounded up) Eq. to = USD 17.5 Millions Flood Damages Prevention (FDP) Government

Flood Damages Prevention (FDP) 0.5 x 1/3 x IDR 18.7 T = IDR 3.11 T (for 5 year) Eq. to = USD 342 Millions or approximately = IDR 623 B (per annum ) Eq. to = USD 68 Millions JAKARTA MULTIPURPOSE DEEP TUNNEL (MPDT) SYSTEM Thank You