Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from the Marine Sponge Genus Agelas

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from the Marine Sponge Genus Agelas marine drugs Review Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from the Marine Sponge Genus Agelas Huawei Zhang 1,* ID , Menglian Dong 1, Jianwei Chen 1, Hong Wang 1, Karen Tenney 2 and Phillip Crews 2 ID 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; [email protected] (M.D.); [email protected] (J.C.); [email protected] (H.W.) 2 Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz 95064, CA, USA; [email protected] (K.T.); [email protected] (P.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-571-8832-0613 Received: 19 September 2017; Accepted: 3 November 2017; Published: 8 November 2017 Abstract: The marine sponge genus Agelas comprises a rich reservoir of species and natural products with diverse chemical structures and biological properties with potential application in new drug development. This review for the first time summarized secondary metabolites from Agelas sponges discovered in the past 47 years together with their bioactive effects. Keywords: marine sponge; Agelas; secondary metabolite; natural product; bioactivity 1. Introduction The search for natural drug candidates from marine organisms is the eternal impetus to pharmaceutical scientists. For the past six decades, marine sponges have been a prolific and chemically diverse source of natural compounds with potential therapeutic application [1,2]. The marine sponge Agelas (Porifera, Demospongiae, Agelasida, Agelasidae) is widely distributed in the marine eco-system and includes at least 19 species (Figure1): A. axifera, A. cerebrum, A. ceylonica, A. citrina, A. clathrodes, A. conifera, A. dendromorpha, A. dispar, A. gracilis, A. linnaei, A. longissima, A. mauritiana, A. nakamurai, A. nemoechinata, A. oroides, A. sceptrum, A. schmidtii, A. sventres, and A. wiedenmayeri. Since the beginning of the 1970s, many research groups around the world have carried out chemical investigation on Agelas spp., resulting in fruitful achievements. Their studies revealed that Agelas sponges harbor many bioactive secondary metabolites, including alkaloids (especially bromopyrrole derivatives), terpenoids, glycosphingolipids, carotenoids, fatty acids and meroterpenoids [3]. These natural products are an attractive resource for drug candidates due to their rich chemodiversity and interesting biological activities. Mar. Drugs 2017, 15, 351; doi:10.3390/md15110351 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Mar. Drugs 2017, 15, 351 2 of 29 Mar. Drugs 2017, 15, 351 2 of 29 Agelas clathrodes Agelas conifera Agelas dispar Agelas inequalis Agelas mauritiana Agelas sceptrum Agelas wiendermayeri Agelas sp. Figure 1. Photos of Agelas sponges provided by professor Crews. Figure 1. Photos of Agelas sponges provided by professor Crews. 2. Natural Products from Agelas Genus 2. Natural Products from Agelas Genus The chemical diversity of natural products is determined by the biological diversity of organisms. ToThe date, chemical 291 secondary diversity metabolites of natural ( products1–291) have isdetermined been isolated by and the biologicalcharacterized diversity from the of organisms.marine Tosponge date, 291 Agelas secondary spp. (Table metabolites 1). These chemicals (1–291) have were been introduced isolated and and assorted characterized as follows from according the marine to spongetheir biologicalAgelas spp. sources. (Table 1). These chemicals were introduced and assorted as follows according to their biological sources. Mar. Drugs 2017, 15, 351 3 of 29 Mar. Drugs 2017, 15, 351 3 of 29 Mar. Drugs 2017, 15, 351 3 of 29 Mar. Drugs 2017, 15, 351 3 of 29 2.1.2.1. Agelas Agelas axifera axifera 2.1. Agelas axifera 2.1. Agelas axifera ThreeThree newnew alkaloids,alkaloids, namednamed axistatinsaxistatins 11 (1(1),), 22 (2(2),), andand 33 (3(3)) (Figure(Figure2 ),2), were were isolated isolated and and Three new alkaloids, named axistatins 1 (1), 2 (2), and 3 (3) (Figure 2), were isolated and characterizedcharacterizedThree new fromfrom alkaloids,Agelas Agelas axiferanamedaxiferacollected collectedaxistatinsin in the1 the (1 Republic ),Republic 2 (2), andof of Palau Palau3 (3) and and(Figure found found 2), to towere exhibit exhibit isolated inhibitory inhibitory and characterized from Agelas axifera collected in the Republic of Palau and found to exhibit inhibitory characterizedeffectseffects on on cancer cancer from cell cell Agelas lines, lines, axifera including including collected P388, P388, BXPC-3, inBXPC-3, the Republic MCF-7,MCF-7, of SF-268,SF-268, Palau NCI-H460, NCI-H460,and foundKM20L2 KM20L2to exhibit andand inhibitory DU-145.DU-145. effects on cancer cell lines, including P388, BXPC-3, MCF-7, SF-268, NCI-H460, KM20L2 and DU-145. effectsTheThe exquisitely exquisitely on cancer sensitive cellsensitive lines, Gram-negative Gram-negativeincluding P388, pathogen pathogen BXPC-3, NeisseriaMCF-7, Neisseria SF-268, gonorrheae gonorrheae NCI-H460,and and the the KM20L2 opportunistic opportunistic and DU-145. fungus fungus The exquisitely sensitive Gram-negative pathogen Neisseria gonorrheae and the opportunistic fungus TheCryptococcusCryptococcus exquisitely neoformansneoformans sensitive wereGram-negative inhibited inhibited by pathogen by 1–13– 3withwith Neisseria MIC MIC values valuesgonorrheae of 1–8, of 1–8,and 2–4, the 2–4, and opportunistic and8 μg/mL, 8 µg/mL, and fungus 1–4, and 2, Cryptococcus neoformans were inhibited by 1–3 with MIC values of 1–8, 2–4, and 8 μg/mL, and 1–4, 2, 1–4,Cryptococcusand 2,8–16 and μ 8–16 g/mL,neoformansµg/mL, respectively. were respectively. inhibited Furthermore, by Furthermore, 1–3 withthese MIC compounds these values compounds of had1–8, antimicrobial2–4, had and antimicrobial 8 μg/mL, effect and on effect 1–4,Gram- on 2, and 8–16 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, these compounds had antimicrobial effect on Gram- andGram-positivepositive 8–16 bacteria,μg/mL, bacteria, respectively.including including Staphylococcus Furthermore,Staphylococcus aureus these aureus, Streptococcuscompounds, Streptococcus hadpneumoniae pneumoniaeantimicrobial, Enterococcus, Enterococcus effect onfaecalis Gram- faecalis and positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and positiveandMicrococcusMicrococcus bacteria, luteus luteus including [4]. [4]. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Micrococcus luteus [4]. Micrococcus luteus [4]. 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 Figure 2. Chemical structures of compounds 1–3. Figure 2. Chemical structures of compounds 1–3. Figure 2. Chemical structures of compounds 1–3. 2.2. Agelas cerebrum 2.2. Agelas cerebrum 2.2. Agelas cerebrum Marine sponge Agelas cerebrum was classified as a new species in 2001 [5]. Chemical investigation Marine spongespongeAgelas Agelas cerebrumcerebrumwas was classified classified as as a a new new species species in in 2001 2001 [5 [5].]. Chemical Chemical investigation investigation of of CaribbeanMarine sponge specimen Agelas A. cerebrumcerebrum led was to classified the isolation as a of new three species brom ininated 2001 compounds, [5]. Chemical 5-bromopyrrole- investigation Caribbeanof Caribbean specimen specimenA. A. cerebrum cerebrumled led to to the the isolation isolation of of three three brominated brominated compounds, compounds, 5-bromopyrrole-2- 5-bromopyrrole- of2-carboxylic Caribbean specimenacid (4), 4-bromopyrrole-2-carboxylicA. cerebrum led to the isolation acid of three (5) and brom 3,4-bromopyrroleinated compounds,-2-carboxylic 5-bromopyrrole- acid (6) carboxylic2-carboxylic acid acid ( 4(),4), 4-bromopyrrole-2-carboxylic 4-bromopyrrole-2-carboxylic acidacid ((55)) andand 3,4-bromopyrrole-2-carboxylic3,4-bromopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid ( 6)) 2-carboxylic(Figure 3) [6]. acid Biological (4), 4-bromopyrrole-2-carboxylic tests indicated that these isolatesacid (5 )had and strong 3,4-bromopyrrole cytotoxic activities-2-carboxylic in vitro acid against (6) (Figure3 3)) [[6].6]. Biological tests indicated that these isolates had had strong strong cytotoxic cytotoxic activities activities inin vitro vitro against (Figurehuman 3) tumor [6]. Biological cell lines tests at ≥ 1indicated mg/mL, thatincluding these isolates A549, HT29 had strong and MDA-MB-231. cytotoxic activities in vitro against human tumor cellcell lineslines atat≥ ≥1 mg/mL, including including A549, A549, HT29 and MDA-MB-231. human tumor cell lines at ≥1 mg/mL, including A549, HT29 and MDA-MB-231. 4: R1 = H, R2 =H, R3 = Br 4: R1 = H, R2 =H, R3 = Br 4:5: R R11= = H, H, R R22=H, = Br, R 3R=3 Br= H 5: R1 = H, R2 = Br, R3 = H 5:6: R R11 = = H, Br, R R2 2= = Br, Br, R R3 3= = H H. 6: R1 = Br, R2 = Br, R3 = H. 6: R1 = Br, R2 = Br, R3 = H. Figure 3. Chemical structures of compounds 4–6. Figure 3. Chemical structures of compounds 4–6. Figure 3. Chemical structures of compounds 4–6. 2.3. Agelas ceylonica 2.3. Agelas ceylonica 2.3. Agelas ceylonica Only one case of chemical study on Agelas ceylonica has been reported [7]. The specimen of A. Only one case of chemical study on Agelas ceylonica has been reported [7]. The specimen of A. ceylonicaOnly collectedone one case case fromof of chemical chemical India Mandapam study study on on Agelas Agelascoast ceylonicawas ceylonica found hashas to been produce been reported reported one methyl[7]. [7 ].The Theester specimen specimen hanishin of A. of(7 ) ceylonica collected from India Mandapam coast was found to produce one methyl ester hanishin (7) ceylonicaA.(Figure ceylonica 4),collected collectedwhich fromhas from been India India previously
Recommended publications
  • Reef Sponges of the Genus Agelas (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Greater Caribbean
    Zootaxa 3794 (3): 301–343 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:51852298-F299-4392-9C89-A6FD14D3E1D0 Reef sponges of the genus Agelas (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Greater Caribbean FERNANDO J. PARRA-VELANDIA1,2, SVEN ZEA2,4 & ROB W. M. VAN SOEST3 1St John's Island Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute (TMSI), National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227. E-mail: [email protected] 2Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Caribe, Centro de Estudios en Ciencias del Mar—CECIMAR; c/o INVEMAR, Calle 25 2- 55, Rodadero Sur, Playa Salguero, Santa Marta, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] 3Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, P.O.Box 9517 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] 4Corresponding author Table of contents Abstract . 301 Introduction . 302 The genus Agelas in the Greater Caribbean . 302 Material and methods . 303 Classification . 304 Phylum Porifera Grant, 1835 . 304 Class Demospongiae Sollas, 1875 . 304 Order Agelasida Hartman, 1980 . 304 Family Agelasidae Verrill, 1907 . 304 Genus Agelas Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 . 304 Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 . 306 Agelas cervicornis (Schmidt, 1870) . 311 Agelas wiedenmayeri Alcolado, 1984. 313 Agelas sceptrum (Lamarck, 1815) . 315 Agelas dilatata Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 . 316 Agelas conifera (Schmidt, 1870). 318 Agelas tubulata Lehnert & van Soest, 1996 . 321 Agelas repens Lehnert & van Soest, 1998. 324 Agelas cerebrum Assmann, van Soest & Köck, 2001. 325 Agelas schmidti Wilson, 1902 .
    [Show full text]
  • Defensive Synergy: the Antipredatory Role of Glass Spicules in Caribbean Demosponges
    DEFENSIVE SYNERGY: THE ANTIPREDATORY ROLE OF GLASS SPICULES IN CARIBBEAN DEMOSPONGES Adam C. Jones A Thesis Submitted to the University of North Carolina at Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Biological Sciences University of North Carolina at Wilmington 2004 Approved by Advisory Committee ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ Chair Accepted by __________________ Dean, Graduate School This thesis has been prepared in the style and format consistent with the journal Oecologia ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . ………………………………………………………… v LIST OF TABLES ..…………………………………………………………………. vi LIST OF FIGURES ..………………………………………………………………... vii INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………… 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS …………………………………………………… 9 Sponge collection and identification………………….……………………… 9 Crude extract isolation……………………………………………………….. 9 Spicule isolation……………………………………………………………... 10 Feeding assays………...……………………………………………………... 11 Statistical procedures…………………………………………………………. 13 RESULTS ……………………………………………………………………….…… 16 DISCUSSION …………………………………………………………….………… 29 Benefits of statistical procedures ……………………………………………. 35 LITERATURE CITED ……………………………………………………………... 36 iii ABSTRACT Many sponge species produce secondary metabolites that deter predation. Sponges also contain siliceous spicules, but previous studies have provided little evidence that spicules offer any defense against generalist fish predators. However, feeding
    [Show full text]
  • Cnidarian Phylogenetic Relationships As Revealed by Mitogenomics Ehsan Kayal1,2*, Béatrice Roure3, Hervé Philippe3, Allen G Collins4 and Dennis V Lavrov1
    Kayal et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:5 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Cnidarian phylogenetic relationships as revealed by mitogenomics Ehsan Kayal1,2*, Béatrice Roure3, Hervé Philippe3, Allen G Collins4 and Dennis V Lavrov1 Abstract Background: Cnidaria (corals, sea anemones, hydroids, jellyfish) is a phylum of relatively simple aquatic animals characterized by the presence of the cnidocyst: a cell containing a giant capsular organelle with an eversible tubule (cnida). Species within Cnidaria have life cycles that involve one or both of the two distinct body forms, a typically benthic polyp, which may or may not be colonial, and a typically pelagic mostly solitary medusa. The currently accepted taxonomic scheme subdivides Cnidaria into two main assemblages: Anthozoa (Hexacorallia + Octocorallia) – cnidarians with a reproductive polyp and the absence of a medusa stage – and Medusozoa (Cubozoa, Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Staurozoa) – cnidarians that usually possess a reproductive medusa stage. Hypothesized relationships among these taxa greatly impact interpretations of cnidarian character evolution. Results: We expanded the sampling of cnidarian mitochondrial genomes, particularly from Medusozoa, to reevaluate phylogenetic relationships within Cnidaria. Our phylogenetic analyses based on a mitochogenomic dataset support many prior hypotheses, including monophyly of Hexacorallia, Octocorallia, Medusozoa, Cubozoa, Staurozoa, Hydrozoa, Carybdeida, Chirodropida, and Hydroidolina, but reject the monophyly of Anthozoa, indicating that the Octocorallia + Medusozoa relationship is not the result of sampling bias, as proposed earlier. Further, our analyses contradict Scyphozoa [Discomedusae + Coronatae], Acraspeda [Cubozoa + Scyphozoa], as well as the hypothesis that Staurozoa is the sister group to all the other medusozoans. Conclusions: Cnidarian mitochondrial genomic data contain phylogenetic signal informative for understanding the evolutionary history of this phylum.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Defenses of the Caribbean Sponges Agelas Wiedenmayeri and Agelas Conifera
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 207: 255–262, 2000 Published November 22 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Chemical defenses of the Caribbean sponges Agelas wiedenmayeri and Agelas conifera Michael Assmann1, Ellen Lichte1, Joseph R. Pawlik2, Matthias Köck1,* 1Institut für Organische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Marie-Curie-Straße 11, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 2Biological Sciences and Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403-3297, USA ABSTRACT: Previous studies have determined that Caribbean reef sponges of the genus Agelas are chemically defended from fish predation by brominated pyrrole alkaloids, and that the compounds responsible for this defense have been elucidated for 1 species, A. clathrodes. In this study, we ex- pand our understanding of chemical defense in this common sponge genus to include the character- ization of defensive metabolites in the tissues of A. wiedenmayeri and A. conifera. Bioassay-directed isolation of defensive metabolites was undertaken using fish feeding assays carried out in laboratory aquaria and in the field. A. wiedenmayeri contained the same 2 major metabolites as A. clathrodes, 4,5-dibromopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (1), and oroidin (2), in addition to a small amount of bromoage- liferin (7). The 2 major metabolites were present at higher concentrations in samples of A. wieden- mayeri than in A. clathrodes, and their relative concentrations were reversed, with A. wiedenmayeri on average containing more 4,5-dibromopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (1) (2.0 mg ml–1) than oroidin (2) (0.8 mg ml–1). A. conifera contained a mixture of dimeric bromopyrrole alkaloids dominated by scep- trin (3), with <10% each of dibromosceptrin (5), bromoageliferin (7), dibromoageliferin (8), ageliferin (6), and bromosceptrin (4).
    [Show full text]
  • Florida Keys Species List
    FKNMS Species List A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T 1 Marine and Terrestrial Species of the Florida Keys 2 Phylum Subphylum Class Subclass Order Suborder Infraorder Superfamily Family Scientific Name Common Name Notes 3 1 Porifera (Sponges) Demospongia Dictyoceratida Spongiidae Euryspongia rosea species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey 4 2 Fasciospongia cerebriformis species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey 5 3 Hippospongia gossypina Velvet sponge 6 4 Hippospongia lachne Sheepswool sponge 7 5 Oligoceras violacea Tortugas survey, Wheaton list 8 6 Spongia barbara Yellow sponge 9 7 Spongia graminea Glove sponge 10 8 Spongia obscura Grass sponge 11 9 Spongia sterea Wire sponge 12 10 Irciniidae Ircinia campana Vase sponge 13 11 Ircinia felix Stinker sponge 14 12 Ircinia cf. Ramosa species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey 15 13 Ircinia strobilina Black-ball sponge 16 14 Smenospongia aurea species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey, Tortugas survey, Wheaton list 17 15 Thorecta horridus recorded from Keys by Wiedenmayer 18 16 Dendroceratida Dysideidae Dysidea etheria species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey; Tortugas survey, Wheaton list 19 17 Dysidea fragilis species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey; Tortugas survey, Wheaton list 20 18 Dysidea janiae species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey; Tortugas survey, Wheaton list 21 19 Dysidea variabilis species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey 22 20 Verongida Druinellidae Pseudoceratina crassa Branching tube sponge 23 21 Aplysinidae Aplysina archeri species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey 24 22 Aplysina cauliformis Row pore rope sponge 25 23 Aplysina fistularis Yellow tube sponge 26 24 Aplysina lacunosa 27 25 Verongula rigida Pitted sponge 28 26 Darwinellidae Aplysilla sulfurea species from G.P.
    [Show full text]
  • Photographic Identification Guide to Some Common Marine Invertebrates of Bocas Del Toro, Panama
    Caribbean Journal of Science, Vol. 41, No. 3, 638-707, 2005 Copyright 2005 College of Arts and Sciences University of Puerto Rico, Mayagu¨ez Photographic Identification Guide to Some Common Marine Invertebrates of Bocas Del Toro, Panama R. COLLIN1,M.C.DÍAZ2,3,J.NORENBURG3,R.M.ROCHA4,J.A.SÁNCHEZ5,A.SCHULZE6, M. SCHWARTZ3, AND A. VALDÉS7 1Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama. 2Museo Marino de Margarita, Boulevard El Paseo, Boca del Rio, Peninsula de Macanao, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. 3Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Invertebrate Zoology, Washington, DC 20560-0163, USA. 4Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Zoologia, CP 19020, 81.531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. 5Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1E No 18A – 10, Bogotá, Colombia. 6Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA. 7Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA. This identification guide is the result of intensive sampling of shallow-water habitats in Bocas del Toro during 2003 and 2004. The guide is designed to aid in identification of a selection of common macroscopic marine invertebrates in the field and includes 95 species of sponges, 43 corals, 35 gorgonians, 16 nem- erteans, 12 sipunculeans, 19 opisthobranchs, 23 echinoderms, and 32 tunicates. Species are included here on the basis on local abundance and the availability of adequate photographs. Taxonomic coverage of some groups such as tunicates and sponges is greater than 70% of species reported from the area, while coverage for some other groups is significantly less and many microscopic phyla are not included.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory and Atlas of Corals and Coral Reefs, with Emphasis on Deep-Water Coral Reefs from the U
    Inventory and Atlas of Corals and Coral Reefs, with Emphasis on Deep-Water Coral Reefs from the U. S. Caribbean EEZ Jorge R. García Sais SEDAR26-RD-02 FINAL REPORT Inventory and Atlas of Corals and Coral Reefs, with Emphasis on Deep-Water Coral Reefs from the U. S. Caribbean EEZ Submitted to the: Caribbean Fishery Management Council San Juan, Puerto Rico By: Dr. Jorge R. García Sais dba Reef Surveys P. O. Box 3015;Lajas, P. R. 00667 [email protected] December, 2005 i Table of Contents Page I. Executive Summary 1 II. Introduction 4 III. Study Objectives 7 IV. Methods 8 A. Recuperation of Historical Data 8 B. Atlas map of deep reefs of PR and the USVI 11 C. Field Study at Isla Desecheo, PR 12 1. Sessile-Benthic Communities 12 2. Fishes and Motile Megabenthic Invertebrates 13 3. Statistical Analyses 15 V. Results and Discussion 15 A. Literature Review 15 1. Historical Overview 15 2. Recent Investigations 22 B. Geographical Distribution and Physical Characteristics 36 of Deep Reef Systems of Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands C. Taxonomic Characterization of Sessile-Benthic 49 Communities Associated With Deep Sea Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands 1. Benthic Algae 49 2. Sponges (Phylum Porifera) 53 3. Corals (Phylum Cnidaria: Scleractinia 57 and Antipatharia) 4. Gorgonians (Sub-Class Octocorallia 65 D. Taxonomic Characterization of Sessile-Benthic Communities 68 Associated with Deep Sea Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands 1. Echinoderms 68 2. Decapod Crustaceans 72 3. Mollusks 78 E.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Checklist of Sponges (Porifera) From
    VALDERRAMA D., ZEA S. - ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF SPONGES (PORIFERA)... CIENCIAS NATURALES ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF SPONGES (PORIFERA) FROM THE SOUTHERNMOST CARIBBEAN REEFS (NORTH-WEST GULF OF URABÁ), WITH DESCRIPTION OF NEW RECORDS FOR THE COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN LISTA ANOTADA DE ESPONJAS (PORIFERA) DE LOS ARRECIFES MÁS MERIDIONALES DEL MAR CARIBE (NOROCCIDENTE DEL GOLFO DE URABÁ), CON LA DESCRIPCIÓN DE NUEVOS REGISTROS PARA EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO Diego Valderrama*, Sven Zea** ABSTRACT Valderrama, D., S. Zea. #PPQVCVGFEJGEMNKUVQHURQPIGU 2QTKHGTC HTQOVJGUQWVJGTPOQUV%CTKDDGCPTGGHU 0QTVJ9GUV)WNHQH7TCD¶ YKVJFGUETKRVKQPQHPGYTGEQTFUHQTVJG%QNQODKCP%CTKDDGCPRev. Acad. Co- NQOD%KGPE +550 6JG0QTVJ9GUV)WNHQH7TCD¶%QNQODKCJCTDQTUVJGUQWVJGTPOQUV%CTKDDGCPTGGHUGZRQUGFVQJKIJVWTDW- NGPEGCPFƀWEVWCVKPIVWTDKFKV[CPFUCNKPKV[#PCPPQVCVGFU[UVGOCVKEEJGEMNKUVQHURQPIGUHTQOVJKUCTGCKU RTGUGPVGF#VQVCNQHFGOQURQPIGURGEKGU ENCUU&GOQURQPIKCG JQOQUENGTQOQTRJURGEKGU ENCUU*QOQU- ENGTQOQTRJC CPFECNECTGQWUURGEKGU ENCUU%CNECTGC YGTGHQWPFVQKPJCDKVTQEM[UJQTGUCPFTGGHUCDQXG m in depth. Some species in Urabá bear siliceous spicules larger than in other Caribbean areas, probably owing VQCFFKVKQPCNUKNKEQPKPRWVHTQOJGCX[TKXGTFKUEJCTIGKPVJGIWNH6JKUYQTMRTQXKFGUCFFKVKQPCNN[VJGHQTOCN VCZQPQOKEFGUETKRVKQPQHURGEKGUYJKEJCTGPGYTGEQTFUHQTVJG%QNQODKCP%CTKDDGCP Key words:5RQPIGU2QTKHGTC&GOQURQPIKCG%CNECTGC%CTKDDGCPJKRGTUKNKEKſGFURKEWNGU RESUMEN 'NPQTQEEKFGPVGFGN)QNHQFG7TCD¶%QNQODKCCDTKICNQUCTTGEKHGUO¶UOGTKFKQPCNGUFGN/CT%CTKDGUQOG- VKFQUCCNVCUVWTDWNGPEKCU[EQPFKEKQPGUƀWEVWCPVGUFGVWTDKFG\[UCNKPKFCF5GRTGUGPVCWPCNKUVCUKUVGO¶VKEC
    [Show full text]
  • Baseline Ecological Inventory for Three Bays National Park, Haiti OCTOBER 2016
    Baseline Ecological Inventory for Three Bays National Park, Haiti OCTOBER 2016 Report for the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) 1 To cite this report: Kramer, P, M Atis, S Schill, SM Williams, E Freid, G Moore, JC Martinez-Sanchez, F Benjamin, LS Cyprien, JR Alexis, R Grizzle, K Ward, K Marks, D Grenda (2016) Baseline Ecological Inventory for Three Bays National Park, Haiti. The Nature Conservancy: Report to the Inter-American Development Bank. Pp.1-180 Editors: Rumya Sundaram and Stacey Williams Cooperating Partners: Campus Roi Henri Christophe de Limonade Contributing Authors: Philip Kramer – Senior Scientist (Maxene Atis, Steve Schill) The Nature Conservancy Stacey Williams – Marine Invertebrates and Fish Institute for Socio-Ecological Research, Inc. Ken Marks – Marine Fish Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) Dave Grenda – Marine Fish Tampa Bay Aquarium Ethan Freid – Terrestrial Vegetation Leon Levy Native Plant Preserve-Bahamas National Trust Gregg Moore – Mangroves and Wetlands University of New Hampshire Raymond Grizzle – Freshwater Fish and Invertebrates (Krystin Ward) University of New Hampshire Juan Carlos Martinez-Sanchez – Terrestrial Mammals, Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians (Françoise Benjamin, Landy Sabrina Cyprien, Jean Roudy Alexis) Vermont Center for Ecostudies 2 Acknowledgements This project was conducted in northeast Haiti, at Three Bays National Park, specifically in the coastal zones of three communes, Fort Liberté, Caracol, and Limonade, including Lagon aux Boeufs. Some government departments, agencies, local organizations and communities, and individuals contributed to the project through financial, intellectual, and logistical support. On behalf of TNC, we would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. First, we would like to extend our gratitude to the Government of Haiti through the National Protected Areas Agency (ANAP) of the Ministry of Environment, and particularly Minister Dominique Pierre, Ministre Dieuseul Simon Desras, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the Mitochondrial Genomes of Calcareous Sponges and Cnidarians Ehsan Kayal Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2012 The evolution of the mitochondrial genomes of calcareous sponges and cnidarians Ehsan Kayal Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Evolution Commons, and the Molecular Biology Commons Recommended Citation Kayal, Ehsan, "The ve olution of the mitochondrial genomes of calcareous sponges and cnidarians" (2012). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 12621. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/12621 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The evolution of the mitochondrial genomes of calcareous sponges and cnidarians by Ehsan Kayal A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program of Study Committee Dennis V. Lavrov, Major Professor Anne Bronikowski John Downing Eric Henderson Stephan Q. Schneider Jeanne M. Serb Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2012 Copyright 2012, Ehsan Kayal ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • OEB51: the Biology and Evolu on of Invertebrate Animals
    OEB51: The Biology and Evoluon of Invertebrate Animals Lectures: BioLabs 2062 Labs: BioLabs 5088 Instructor: Cassandra Extavour BioLabs 4103 (un:l Feb. 11) BioLabs2087 (aer Feb. 11) 617 496 1935 [email protected] Teaching Assistant: Tauana Cunha MCZ Labs 5th Floor [email protected] Basic Info about OEB 51 • Lecture Structure: • Tuesdays 1-2:30 Pm: • ≈ 1 hour lecture • ≈ 30 minutes “Tech Talk” • the lecturer will explain some of the key techniques used in the primary literature paper we will be discussing that week • Wednesdays: • By the end of lab (6pm), submit at least one quesBon(s) for discussion of the primary literature paper for that week • Thursdays 1-2:30 Pm: • ≈ 1 hour lecture • ≈ 30 minutes Paper discussion • Either the lecturer or teams of 2 students will lead the class in a discussion of the primary literature paper for that week • There Will be a total of 7 Paper discussions led by students • On Thursday January 28, We Will have the list of Papers to be discussed, and teams can sign uP to Present Basic Info about OEB 51 • Bocas del Toro, Panama Field Trip: • Saturday March 12 to Sunday March 20, 2016: • This field triP takes Place during sPring break! • It is mandatory to aend the field triP but… • …OEB51 Will not meet during the Week folloWing the field triP • Saturday March 12: • fly to Panama City, stay there overnight • Sunday March 13: • fly to Bocas del Toro, head out for our first collec:on! • Monday March 14 – Saturday March 19: • breakfast, field collec:ng (lunch on the boat), animal care at sea tables,
    [Show full text]
  • 74. Engel, S. and Pawlik, J.R. 2005
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 303: 133–144, 2005 Published November 21 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Interactions among Florida sponges. I. Reef habitats Sebastian Engel1, 2, Joseph R. Pawlik1,* 1University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Center for Marine Science, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, North Carolina 28409, USA 2Present address: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093, USA ABSTRACT: Spatial interference competition is well described for many sessile marine invertebrates, but few studies have addressed interactions between neighboring sponges. We conducted transect surveys to assess interspecific interactions among sponges in coral reef habitats in Key Largo, Florida, USA. In total, 15 transect sites were surveyed at 5 reef locations with mean densities ranging from 13.0 ± 3.6 to 33.3 ± 5.9 sponges m–2. The most abundant of over 43 sponge species observed were Amphimedon compressa, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina insularis, and Niphates erecta, while the least abundant were Hippospongia lachne, Ircinia campana, and Pseudaxinella lunaecharta. A nearest-neighbor technique was used to determine the degree and frequency of interactions between randomly selected sponge pairs. Overall, 40.4% of sponges occurred alone, 31.0% in proximity to, and 28.6% in contact with other sponge species. Among sponges in contact interactions, 18.7% were epibionts, 19.4% were basibionts, and a relationship could not be resolved for the remainder. Statistical analyses of the frequencies of each interaction category revealed that the ability to overgrow or resist overgrowth varied among species. For example, Aka coralliphagum, Ectyoplasia ferox, and Phorbas amaranthus occurred alone in >60% of their interactions and were never overgrown by other species with which they came into contact.
    [Show full text]