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Hendiadys in the Hebrew Bible

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Hendiadys in the Hebrew Bible HENDIADYS IN THE HEBREW BIBLE HENDIADYS IN THE HEBREW BIBLE An Investigation of the Applications of the Term ROSMARI LILLAS Doctoral dissertation in Religious Studies at the University of Gothenburg June 1, 2012. Dissertation edition © Rosmari Lillas, 2012 Cover and layout: Rosmari Lillas and Thomas Ekholm Printed by Reprocentralen, Faculty of Arts, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, 2012. ISBN: 978-91-88348-48-7 ISSN: 1102-9773 Distributed by Department of Literature, History of Ideas, and Religion University of Gothenburg PO Box 200, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden To Warwick “Happy are those who study” Ps 119:2 (Hanson) Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................................. 1 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................ 5 Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Part I ..................................................................................................................................................13 Hendiadys in the Hebrew Bible.................................................................................................13 Chapter 1. Introduction...............................................................................................................15 1.1 Background and presentation of the issue............................................................................................... 15 1.2 Aim and scope....................................................................................................................................................... 20 1.3 Data of enquiry, delimitations, primary and secondary sources.................................................... 20 1.4. Outline of the thesis........................................................................................................................................... 21 1.5 Terminology, etc. ................................................................................................................................................. 22 Chapter 2. Methodological issues and angles of approach .............................................25 2.1. Rhetoric and rhetorical figures .................................................................................................................... 25 2.1.1 Figures, tropes and schemes ................................................................................................................... 26 2.2 Rhetorical criticism............................................................................................................................................. 30 2.2.1 Rhetorical criticism in biblical studies.............................................................................................. 31 2.3 Literary and stylistic features, grammatical constructions etc. ...................................................... 33 2.4 Angles of approach chosen or discarded................................................................................................... 35 2.5 Modus operandi..................................................................................................................................................... 38 2.5.1 Investigating usage and identifying phenomena.......................................................................... 38 2.5.2 Morpho-syntactic analysis...................................................................................................................... 40 2.5.3 Semantic relations, pragmatics and discourse analysis ............................................................ 41 Chapter 3. Etymology, first users and various subsequent applications ...................47 3.1. Etymology and the earliest examples........................................................................................................ 47 3.1.1 Suggested example of hendiadys in Porphyry’s commentary ................................................. 49 3.1.2 Suggested examples of hendiadyses in Servius’ commentaries.............................................. 50 3.1.2.1 Categorizations of suggested examples in Servius’ commentaries ................................................52 3.1.2.2 Summary of the use of the term in Servius’ commentaries...............................................................60 3.1.2.3 Indications of several users .............................................................................................................................62 3.2 Virgil’s poetry and technique ......................................................................................................................... 63 3.3 Remarks on hendiadys in Porphyry’s and Servius’ commentaries and in Virgil’s poetry.... 65 3.3.1 Rhetorical versus grammatical............................................................................................................. 69 3.4 Various definitions, forms and spellings................................................................................................... 69 3.5 The treatment of hendiadys by scholars of Latin, in grammars and definitions ...................... 72 3.6 Hendiadys in classical Greek, NT and LXX................................................................................................. 79 3.7 Hendiadys in Shakespeare’s Hamlet ............................................................................................................ 82 3.8 Implications of the results above for the study of so-called hendiadys in the HB ................... 85 3.9 Summary ................................................................................................................................................................. 85 Chapter 4. Hendiadys in the Hebrew Bible ...........................................................................87 4.1 Hendiadys in research and in works of reference on the HB and/or biblical Hebrew .......... 89 4.1.1 The study of Hebrew, Jewish grammars and Christian Hebraists......................................... 89 4.1.2 The 17th – 19th centuries.......................................................................................................................... 92 1 4.1.3 The 20th – 21st centuries ........................................................................................................................108 4.1.4 Hendiadys in Hebrew lexicons and dictionaries..........................................................................152 4.1.5 Hendiadys in Bible translations with commentaries.................................................................159 4.2 Treatment of hendiadys in reference literature on other Semitic languages ..........................159 4.3 Concluding remarks .........................................................................................................................................163 4.4 Summary ...............................................................................................................................................................165 Chapter 5. Phenomena and statistical results..................................................................167 5.1 Phenomena in the HB labelled hendiadys ...............................................................................................169 5.1.1 Biblical Hebrew .........................................................................................................................................170 5.1.2 Biblical Aramaic ........................................................................................................................................181 5.1.3 So-called hendiatris and hendiatetris...............................................................................................183 5.1.3.1 Biblical Hebrew.................................................................................................................................................. 183 5.1.3.2 Biblical Aramaic................................................................................................................................................. 184 5.2 Remarks on the results ...................................................................................................................................184 5.3 Statistical results................................................................................................................................................186 5.3.1 Multifariously ascribed functions......................................................................................................191 5.4 Concluding remarks .........................................................................................................................................192 5.5 Summary ...............................................................................................................................................................193 Chapter 6. Criteria and indications......................................................................................195 6.1 Suggested indications for identifying hendiadys in the Hebrew Bible .......................................195 6.2 Hyphenation ........................................................................................................................................................196
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