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Tutankhamun's NILEMAGAZINE.CO.UK | #19 | APRIL–MAY 2019 £4.90 NILENILE~ Because You Love Ancient Egypt BUBASTIS City of the Cat Goddess GREAT PYRAMID Clues to its Construction WOMEN OF POWER TUTANKHAMUN’S TREASURES NILE 20 6 BU 41 51 13 WOMEN QUEENS MARSH OF HATNUB BAS OF BIRDS POWER AND THE TIS AND EGYPT OF THE GREAT Nicky Nielsen INFLUENCE Jeff Burzacott In this second Brian Alm A new National GODS PYRAMID chapter of a Geographic Lesley Jackson Roland Enmarch five-part series on The first article in a exhibition in royal residences in three-part series Washington, D.C., The last article in a How research by the eastern Nile on the remarkable showcases Egypt’s four-part series on Roland Enmarch Delta, Dr. Nicky royal women of powerful women: bird symbolism in and the Hatnub Nielsen explores ancient Egypt who, from the founding ancient Egypt. Epigraphic Project the history and out of duty or queen of the New Lesley Jackson led to a discovery development of the ambition, stepped Kingdom, Ahmose- takes a look at the that could offer city of Bubastis, the beyond the ancient Nefertari, to Egypt’s waterbirds that clues to how the main cult centre of world’s traditional last queen and inhabited Egypt’s Great Pyramid was the cat goddess roles and shaped reigning pharaoh, marshes. constructed. Bastet. Egypt’s history. Cleopatra. 2 NILE #19 | APRIL–MAY 2019 NILE #19 April–May 2019 4 Map of Egypt 4 The NILE Crossword 5 Timeline 35 ARCE Update 59 New Discoveries! THE COVER 66 Exhibitions & Events 68 Coming Up TUTANKHAMUN 68 Contact NILE IN PARIS 69 Back Issues Jeff Burzacott 69 Subscribe to NILE After wowing sellout crowds in Los Angeles, SUBSCRIBE & SAVE! Tutankhamun’s world tour Get Nile Magazine delivered to continues. This time, the your door every two months blockbuster exhibition hits and save over 20%. Paris. Every 6th magazine is free! We take a close look at See page 69 for your fabulous more of the stunning pieces subscription offer. from Tutankhamun’s tomb. © LABORATORIOROSSO, VITERBO/ITALY 29 - FROM THE EDITOR ritten on a wall in the fabulously-decorat- Thomas Chiodini, John Sarr, Prof. Joachim Quack, and ed tomb of Nefertari, the beloved Great Royal Christian Casey at Brown University in Rhode Island. WWife of Ramesses II, is a tribute from a mourn- In fact, Christian has now come on board as a language ing pharaoh to his beautiful wife: specialist to help solve those tricky hieroglyphic passages, and to share his love for ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs. “Just by passing, she has stolen away my heart.” Welcome Christian! Many of the hieroglyphic passages in this issue have benefitted from Christian’s expertise. Except. it’s not on that wall. It’s not really anywhere— There are also a handful of belated thank yous that I’d except someone’s imagination, who put it on the internet. like to mention. Firstly, to Franck Monnier, co-author of And now it’s everywhere. But it sounds plausible. And that’s the recently-published The Great Pyramid: Operations one of the reasons why, wherever possible, if an author Manual, for his terrific diagram of Abu Simbel in the last quotes an ancient Egyptian text, I track down the original issue of NILE (p. 47). Dr. W. Raymond Johnson, director hieroglyphic words. Sometimes, like the romantic line of the Epigraphic Survey of the Oriental Institute, Univer- above, they don’t exist. Sometimes they exist but have sity of Chicago, kindly sourced some hieroglyphs from changed dramatically through the retelling. By sourcing Medinet Habu for the same issue (p. 20). François Olivier the original texts, both you and I can be assured that what of Meretseger Books frequently provides fabulous hi-res is quoted is authentic. And besides, I’m a firm believer in photographs, and also makes a selection of Digitized Trea- the idea that to truly understand the ancient Egyptians, we sures freely available to everyone. These are hi-res scans of must turn to the words they left behind. fabulously-illustrated, classic books. To download your free So when I was a little unsure of my translation of a text copies, just head to meretsegerbooks.com for Brian Alm’s article on Women of Power and Influence Welcome to issue #19. As always, I hope you enjoy your (page 41), I reached out for help from the invaluable Egypt- NILE time! ologists Electronic Forum run by Aayko Emya. I’m grateful to those that responded with help and advice: Peter Sullivan Jeff Burzacott ~ PhD, Ted Loukes, Mila Guerassimova, Rhio Barnhart, [email protected] NILEMAGAZINE.CO.UK 3 NILE hen it came to describing this calcite canopic jar lid—just one of the treasures found in WTutankhamun’s cosy tomb—Howard Carter needed just one word: “perfect”. CALCITE STOPPER FOR NORTHWEST The lid, bears a royal face, with details sparingly highlighted in red and black—but whose face CANOPIC JAR, KING’S HEAD 18TH DYNASTY, REIGN OF TUTANKH- is it? The vast majority of the tomb’s treasures were likely to have been appropriated from recent AMUN regal internments. Possible candidates for the original owner of Tutankhamun’s canopic equipment VALLEY OF THE KINGS, KV 62 TREASURY are Nefertiti and the enigmatic Smenkhkare. CALCITE (ALABASTER) This stunning lid is part of the blockbuster exhibition,TUTANKHAMUN—THE TREASURE H. 24 cm, W. 19 cm OF PHARAOH, which is now on at the Grande Halle de la Villette in Paris. This leg of the world © LABORATORIOROSSO, VITERBO/ITALY tour runs through to 15 September 2019. In this issue we take a close look at some of the star attrac- JE 60687 / GEM 347-c tions in the exhibition; it starts from page 29. NILEMAGAZINE.CO.UK 1 Year Dynasty In This Issue ... 210 b.c. Ptolemaic Terracotta 332–30BC Ptolemaic Warriors Period p.63 280 b.c. Colossus of Rhodes 30 Late 438 b.c. 525–404 Parthenon Period 27 664–525 26 p.35 25 23 rd 945–715 22 3 I.P. p.20 1069–945 21 1186–1069 20 p.51 1184 b.c. Trojan New 1295–1186 19 Horse Kingdom 1550–1295 18 p.29 p.6 nd 17 2 I.P. 1650–1550 15 16 A* 1795–1650 13 14 Middle 1800 b.c. Code of Kingdom Hammurabi 1985–1795 12 p.13 2100 b.c. Ziggurat 2125–1985 11 of Ur 1st I.P. 9–10 7–8 2345–2181 6 p.59 Old Kingdom 2494–2345 5 2500 b.c. Stonehenge 2613–2494 4 2686–2613 3 p.41 Early 2890–2686 2 Dynastic Period 3100–2890 1 (A* = Abydos Dynasty) NILEMAGAZINE.CO.UK 5 Rt nq <KZt 333 # qK nK! !fKE 11 “THE MARSHES OF THE GODS, THE PLACE TO WHICH THE BIRDS COME.” The Abydos Cenotaph of Seti I DUCK COSMETIC BOX © THE WALTERS ART MUSEUM, BALTIMORE. INV. NO. 71.519. The wings of this charming cosmetic container pivot outward, revealing a storage compartment. The pintail duck is connected to fertility and regeneration, so a cosmetic container in this shape would have helped the makeup work its magic! This piece is dated to Egypt’s New Kingdom. 6 NILE #19 | APRIL–MAY 2019 MARSH BIRDS OF THE GODS © MANNA NADER .t The tomb of Menna +t ! and his wife Henuttawy Ta LESLEY < ! a (TT 69) was likely built in Thebes in JACKSON the early reign of Amen- hotep III (ca. 1390 B.C.). This is the last article To the ancient in a four-part series Egyptians, the Nile’s lush on bird symbolism in marshes, teeming with ancient Egypt. Lesley wildlife, were synonymous Jackson takes a look with fertility and rebirth, at the waterbirds that and this “Hunting in the inhabited Egypt’s marshes. Marshes” scene from TT 69 is rich in sexual symbolism. Menna and Hennuttawy are lthough primarily a desert shown twice, standing on a papyrus country, ancient Egypt was well skiff, either side of a papyrus thicket. On the endowed with wetlands along the Nile and in left-hand side, Menna knocks birds from the sky with a the Delta. Before clearance, draining and water throwstick, while on the right, he spears two fish. management, there would have been vast stretches of a These dynamic scenes showcase Menna’s power to tame A the Egyptian wilds, and therefore maintain maat (the variety of wetland habitats including almost impenetrable papyrus swamps. These places, teeming with all forms of Egyptian concept of divine harmony and order), as well as demonstrate his strength (and, possibly, sexual vigour). life, provided a very sharp contrast to the arid deserts which Henuttawy holds lotuses, symbols of regeneration, and bordered them. her fine linens are particularly figure-hugging, which helps As well as being aesthetically pleasing, they were very to stir her husband’s “creative” forces into action. productive and a source of freely available food in the form As we’ll read in this article, waterfowl such as ducks of fish and wildfowl. Wetlands were also liminal places: a and geese are linked to Egyptian origin stories, and so meeting of land and water which shifted with the seasons, scenes like this, featuring abundance and fertility, help to and a place which was neither land nor water. Because of guarantee the tomb owner’s daily rebirth in the afterlife. this they were of great spiritual significance. NILEMAGAZINE.CO.UK 7 METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART. GIFT OF NORBERT SCHIMMEL, 1985. ACC. NO. 1985.328.2. This “duck-throttling” scene probably originated from Akhet- Institute of Chicago as one in the Ny Carlsberg Museum in aten, the city founded by Akhenaten on the site of what he Copenhagen (AEIN 1776).
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