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URNISBN9789523443259.Pdf (2.436Mt) XAMK RESEARCH RESEARCH ON CURRENT AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS IN THE AUTOMOTIVE AND MOTORSPORT INDUSTRY Mikhail Nemilentsev, Jarmo Kujanpää & Jan Kettula (Eds.) Mikhail Nemilentsev, Jarmo Kujanpää & Jan Kettula (Eds.) RESEARCH ON CURRENT AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS IN THE AUTO­ MOTIVE AND MOTOR­ SPORT INDUSTRY Funded by EU, Russian-Federation and Republic of Finland XAMK RESEARCH 17 SOUTH-EASTERN FINLAND UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES KOUVOLA 2021 © Author and South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences Cover picture: Sami Helin Layout and printing: Grano Oy ISBN: 978-952-344-324-2 ISBN: 978-952-344-325-9 (PDF) ISSN: 2489-2459 ISSN: 2489-4575 (PDF) [email protected] PREFACE Mobility is under transition. We can see much evidence for this in our everyday life and surroundings. Vehicle charging facilities are building up, electric scooter services are popping up in many cities, cycling is becoming a true alternative for many and is being promoted by cities building new and enhanced cycle paths. In the larger view, we see that sustainability is driving much of the transition. Car manufacturers are facing strict regulation in several markets, which puts stress on achieve low levels of CO2 emissions. Electro-mobility is a relevant option for different types of vehicles and mobility needs, from small and short range (e.g., electric assist bicycles, urban distribution vans and trucks) to larger and longer range (buses, heavy goods vehicles). Reaching road transport with zero exhaust emissions requires a system-level change and renewal of the whole mobility ecosystem. As passenger cars are the dominant mode of transport in many countries, including Finland, the sustainability transition can be considered as a game changer for the industry. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are at the heart of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Sustainable transport is a key issue among the SDGs and the sustainability transition that is called for. Sustainable transport relates to, for ex- ample, health, energy, infrastructure, economic growth and cities and human settlements, which is why the development needs a multi-sectoral approach as well as multi-faceted actors to be involved. With all SDGs, partnerships are extremely important, and actors should be working tightly together at the local, regional, national and international levels. Cross-border co-development must also be realised, which in Finland’s perspective takes place in the EU, Nordic, Baltic and Russian contexts. To gain considerable results, the actors representing businesses, associations, local, regional and governmental authorities as well as education, research and development should all be involved. Digitalisation can be considered as an engine for the mobility transition. New services and business models which make use of the digital environment are being innovated. There is more and more data and information available, and increasingly in real time. This provides possibilities for planning and managing operations and reducing the environmental load e.g., by optimising our mobility and use of vehicles. For a traveller, especially a city dweller, the opportunity to fulfil one’s mobility needs with many alternative modes and their combina- tion can offer a freedom which has traditionally been connected to car use. As Finland has been a leading country in introducing Mobility as a Service (MaaS), it will be interesting to see how this concept will be adopted. Simultaneously, technology is progressing based on a broad offering, for example, with increasingly intelligent functions providing driver - 3 - assistance and paving the way for more automated functions. For instance, as technology develops communication is becoming one of the key factors for future road transport. The value of the data and information increases when they are shared, and actors, for ex- ample those in an ecosystem, can gain competitive advantage by sharing high-quality data with each other. Even greater value can be obtained when there are platforms for refining common knowledge and understanding, especially on future possibilities. Therefore, I see the Race4Scale project and its objectives as highly important. For the project and the partners involved, I would like to stress sustainability as the key future development need and as the number one trend influencing the automotive ecosystem in the current decade, and likely for long beyond. This publication has three parts. Development director, PhD Tuija Arola presents an out- look on the motorsport industry and especially career opportunities. RDI Specialist and Futures Researcher Tero Villman highlights future perspectives for the passenger car in Finland. Both studies build on expert interviews and deliver up-to-date prospects. Even if sustainability is generally recognised as an important issue, it might come as a surprise to some readers that the motorsport industry is also addressing the issue, as Arola depicts. However, the need to do more in terms of sustainability is recognised and was also an issue raised by Lewis Hamilton while securing his seventh Formula 1 World Championship title at the Turkish Grand Prix 2020. The third part of this publication documents findings from two workshops in autumn 2020. The workshops tapped into the studies by Arola and Villman. The student participants of the two workshops wrote learning diaries, which are compiled to present the ideas raised in the workshops, focusing especially on competence development and future professions in the Finnish automotive ecosystem. When considering the future and new possibilities and opportunities for individuals and different businesses, the need for new knowledge and continuous learning can be clearly recognised. The transition described in this publication calls for the renewal of businesses and educational and other institutes as well as all of us, working now or in the future, in this field. As Tero Villman concludes in his study, there is a need for both new and old skills, and skills that cover a broad spectrum as well as specialised and expert skills. The career possibilities offered in the automotive sector, and more generally in the mobility sector, call for motivated people, eager for lifelong learning. Markus Pöllänen, Lecturer, M.Sc. (Tech.), Transport Research Centre Verne, Tampere University (https://research.tuni.fi/verne-en/) Pirkkala, 8 December 2020 - 4 - LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AWD All-wheel-drive. CBC programme Cross-border co-operation programme supporting the EU’s external actions with financing from the European Union, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Finland. CNG Compressed natural gas. CO2 emissions Carbon dioxide emissions. DAS: Dual Axis Steering Changing the alignment of the front wheels. ECTS European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System – Stand- ard for comparing academic credits. EV Electric vehicle. FIA Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile – The governing body for world motor sport and the federation of the world’s leading motoring organisations. ICE Internal combustion engine. JOT Just-On-Time, or JIT, Just-In-Time. Management philosophy. Lean Business methodology for eliminating waste of productivity. LPG Liquefied petroleum gas. MaaS Mobility as a service. NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA). NEDC New European Driving Cycle. R&D Research and development. RDI Research, development and innovation. SDG Sustainable Development Goals. SUV Sports utility vehicle – A car classification that combines el- ements of road-going passenger cars with features of off-road vehicles. - 5 - Traficom The Finnish Traffic and Communications Agency. Trafikverket The Swedish Traffic Administration. UNECE The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. VAT Value added tax. WLTP Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Procedure – The new standard for CO2 emissions and fuel consumption. WRC World Rally Cars. - 6 - CONTENTS PREFACE ..................................................................................................................................................................................3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..............................................................................................................................................5 1 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................................9 2 IN TRANSITION: PASSENGER CARS IN FINLAND 2020-2030 ....................................................10 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................10 2.2 Research Methods, Data Collection and Data Analysis ......................................................12 2.3 The Current State of Passenger Cars in Finland ......................................................................13 2.3.1 Mobility ....................................................................................................................................................13 2.3.2 The vehicle fleet.................................................................................................................................14 2.3.3 Renewal of the fleet ........................................................................................................................15 2.4 Towards 2030 (and beyond) ...................................................................................................................16
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