$EVWUDFWVRI/DWH-XUDVVLF²(DUO\&UHWDFHRXV6\VWHPV$UDELDQ3ODWH
%RXQGDU\ /\RQ1HXFKDWHO 6HSWHPEHU %XUHDX GH 5HFKHUFKHV *pRORJLTXH HW 0LQLq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·DWD\Q %DVLQ 8SSHU-XUDVVLFWR/RZHU&UHWDFHRXVVWUDWLJUDSKLFPRGHO IRUWKHHDVWHUQ$UDELDQ3ODWH +HQN-'URVWH 6KHOO +HQN'URVWH#VKHOOFRP! 7KH8SSHU-XUDVVLFWR/RZHU&UHWDFHRXVLQWHUYDODORQJWKHHDVWHUQHGJHRIWKH$UDELDQ3ODWHLVD VWUDWLJUDSKLF SX]]OH ZLWK PDQ\ PLVVLQJ SLHFHV ,Q WKH 8QLWHG $UDE (PLUDWHV 8$( DQG 6DXGL $UDELDWKLVLQWHUYDOFRQWDLQVWKHSUROLÀF$UDEUHVHUYRLUVVHDOHGE\WKH+LWKDQK\GULWH7KHVHZHUH WKHPDLQWDUJHWRIWKHÀUVWH[SORUDWLRQZHOOLQQRUWKHUQ2PDQEXWXQIRUWXQDWHO\WKLVUHVHUYRLUVHDO SDLUZDVIRXQGWREHDEVHQWDQGWKHZHOOZDVDEDQGRQHGDVDKXJHO\GLVDSSRLQWLQJGU\KROH,W EHFDPHDSSDUHQWWKDWLQ2PDQ0LGGOH-XUDVVLFVKDOORZZDWHUFDUERQDWHVDUHRYHUODLQE\GHHSZDWHU GHSRVLWVRISRRUO\GHÀQHG/DWH-XUDVVLF²(DUO\&UHWDFHRXVDJH 7KHQDWXUHRIWKHODWHUDOFKDQJHKDVEHHQDSRLQWRIGLVFXVVLRQIRUPDQ\\HDUV,QWKHVXEVXUIDFH VWUDWLJUDSKLF WKLQQLQJ RI WKH 8SSHU -XUDVVLF WRZDUGV WKH HDVW KDV EHHQ REVHUYHG ZKLOH LQ WKH Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geoarabia/article-pdf/18/2/197/4570627/eage_2012_workshop_2.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 $EVWUDFWVRI/DWH-XUDVVLF²(DUO\&UHWDFHRXV6\VWHPV$UDELDQ3ODWH East Salil Rayda Oman Habshan Arid lagoonal carbonates Humid lagoonal carbonates Evaporites Source rocks Uwainat UAE Habshan Aphanitic Limestone Asab ‘Mender’ Lekhwair Carbonate shoals Hemi-pelagic carbonates Argillaceous hemi-pelagic carbonates Tuwaiq UHWDFHRXVLQHDVWHUQ6DXGL$UDELDDQG2PDQ 1° 0.1° 0.05° 200 m 200 Hanifa Manifa Arab D SAUDI ARABIA OMAN Zakum-Chrysalidina 100 km Hith-Arab Jubaila Sulaiy )LJXUH:HOOFRUUHODWLRQSDQHOIRU0LGGOH-XUDVVLFWR/RZHU& Yamama West Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geoarabia/article-pdf/18/2/197/4570627/eage_2012_workshop_2.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 $EVWUDFWVRI/DWH-XUDVVLF²(DUO\&UHWDFHRXV6\VWHPV$UDELDQ3ODWH East OMAN Salil MOUNTAINS Hassanat Upper Mafraq Habshan onlap submarine Dhruma Shu’aiba Upper Mafraq Dhruma Hisyan mbr Rayda Habshan Marker Limestone Lower Mafraq Uwainat mbr Tuwaiq Lekhwair Aphanitic Limestone Nahr Umr Upper Kharaib Habshan Lower Kharaib HIGH Coastal/fluvial sands Inner shelf shale/marls Source rocks LEKHWAIR Hanifa Mender Hadriya reservoir Shu’aiba Bab Mbr Approx. 100 km Approx. Asab SHAYBAH XUDVVLFWR0LGGOH&UHWDFHRXVIURPHDVWHUQ6DXGL$UDELDWR2PDQ Manifa Arid lagoonal carbonates Evaporites Lagoonal carbonates Shu’aiba Upper Fadhili Reservoir/upper Araej Lower Araej KIDAN Sulaiy Khafji Jubaila Buwaib Biyadh Lower Fadhili Reservoir Yamama Arab Carbonate shoals Hemi-pelagic carbonates Argillaceous hemi-pelagic carbonates Marrat Chrysalidina bed Hith West Ma 200 150 L L E E )LJXUH6FKHPDWLFFKURQRVWUDWLJUDSKLFFURVVVHFWLRQIRUWKH- Aptian Toarcian Bajocian Aalenian Tithonian Callovian Oxfordian Berriasian Bathonian Barremian Hettangian Hauterivian Sinemurian Valanginian Kimmeridgian Pliensbachian Early Late Middle Early GTS2004 CRETACEOUS JURASSIC Chronostratigraphy Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geoarabia/article-pdf/18/2/197/4570627/eage_2012_workshop_2.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 $EVWUDFWVRI/DWH-XUDVVLF²(DUO\&UHWDFHRXV6\VWHPV$UDELDQ3ODWH RXWFURSVRIWKH2PDQ0RXQWDLQVWKHUHLVHYLGHQFHRIHURVLRQDQGWUXQFDWLRQRIWKH0LGGOH-XUDVVLF ,QWHUSUHWDWLRQVZHUHKDPSHUHGE\ GLIIHUHQFHVLQDQGLQFRQVLVWHQWXVHRIVWUDWLJUDSKLFQRPHQFODWXUHDFURVVSROLWLFDOERXQGDULHV VKDUS ODWHUDO FKDQJHV LQ VWUDWLJUDSK\ GXH WR WKH SUHVHQFH RI GHSRVLWLRQDO ZHGJHV DQG PRVW LPSRUWDQWO\ YHU\SRRUELRVWUDWLJUDSKLFDJHFRQWURO )XUWKHUPRUH FRUUHODWLRQV DUH KDPSHUHG E\ WKH IDFW WKDW WKH RQO\ KRUL]RQV WKDW FDQ EH FRUUHODWHG FRQÀGHQWO\RQDUHJLRQDOVFDOH =DNXP&KU\VDOLGLQDDQGWRS'KUXPD DUHTXLWHVRPHGLVWDQFHDERYH DQGEHORZWKHLQWHUYDORILQWHUHVW 6HYHUDOPRGHOVKDYHEHHQSURSRVHG ODWHUDOIDFLHVFKDQJHWRFRQGHQVHGGHHSZDWHUIDFLHV ODWHVW-XUDVVLFXSOLIWDQGVXEDHULDOHURVLRQIROORZHGE\GURZQLQJRU VXEPDULQHHURVLRQDVVRFLDWHGZLWKEORFNIDXOWLQJ 5HFHQWELRVWUDWLJUDSKLFGDWDFRPELQHGZLWKVHLVPLFREVHUYDWLRQVDOORZHGWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIDQHZ VWUDWLJUDSKLFPRGHOZKLFKZLOOKHOSWRGHÀQHWKHVWUDWLJUDSKLFWUDSSLQJSRWHQWLDOZLWKLQWKLVLQWHUYDO 7KH /RZHU WR 0LGGOH -XUDVVLF VWDUWV ZLWK DQ RYHUDOO WUDQVJUHVVLYH VHTXHQFH RI ÁXYLDO WR FRDVWDO VLOLFLFODVWLFV DQG VKDOORZPDULQH WR ODJRRQDO FDUERQDWHV ZKLFK RQODS WKH XSOLIWHG HDVWHUQ SODWH PDUJLQLQ2PDQ7KLVLVRYHUODLQE\DFRPSOH[RIFDUERQDWHVDQGVKRDOVWKDWSURJUDGHGWRZDUGVWKH ZHVWLQWRWKH5XE·$O.KDOL%DVLQ 7KHWUXQFDWLRQRIWKH0LGGOH-XUDVVLFFDUERQDWHSODWIRUPLVUHODWHGWRXSOLIWDQGVXEDHULDOH[SRVXUH RIWKHHDVWHUQSODWHPDUJLQDWWKHHQGRIWKH0LGGOH-XUDVVLF$NDUVWLFVXUIDFHZLWKH[WUDFODVWVKDV EHHQUHFRJQLVHGLQFRUHV7KH7XZDLTDQG'KUXPDIRUPDWLRQVDUHSURJUHVVLYHO\WUXQFDWHGWRZDUGV WKHHDVWDWOHDVWVRPHPKDVEHHQUHPRYHG7KHVXUIDFHLVRYHUODLQE\´DSKDQLWLFµ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Á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ÁXHQFHDQGDEVHQFHRIHYDSRULWHV7KLVVXJJHVWVDFOLPDWLFFKDQJHIURPDQRYHUDOO DULGVHWWLQJGXULQJWKH-XUDVVLFWRDKXPLGVHWWLQJLQWKH&UHWDFHRXV'XULQJWKH(DUO\&UHWDFHRXV WKLVSODWIRUPSURJUDGHGPRUHWKDQNPWRWKHHDVWWRDSRVLWLRQRIDSSUR[LPDWHO\WKHSUHVHQWGD\ QRUWKHUQ2PDQFRDVWOLQH6HLVPLFVKRZVDVSHFWDFXODUV\VWHPRIODWHUDOO\VWDFNHGEHOWVRIFOLQRIRUP VHWVVHSDUDWHGE\GLVFRQWLQXLWLHV Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geoarabia/article-pdf/18/2/197/4570627/eage_2012_workshop_2.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geoarabia/article-pdf/18/2/197/4570627/eage_2012_workshop_2.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 $EVWUDFWVRI/DWH-XUDVVLF²(DUO\&UHWDFHRXV6\VWHPV$UDELDQ3ODWH (YLGHQFHRIJODFLRHXVWDV\GXULQJWKH/DWH%HUULDVLDQWR/DWH9DODQJLQLDQ 5HFRUGLQWKH/HNKZDLU+DEVKDQ6DOLOSURJUDGLQJJHRPHWULHV 5D\GD%DVLQ6XOWDQDWHRI2PDQ (PPDQXHO'XMRQFTXR\ 0DHUVN2LO HPPDQXHOGXMRQFTXR\#PDHUVNRLOFRP! SUHYLRXVO\8QLYHUVLW\RI%RUGHDX[)UDQFH 3KLOLSSH5D]LQ 8QLYHUVLW\RI%RUGHDX[ )UDQFH &DULQH*Up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ÀQHGIRUWKHSHULRGIURPWKH%HUULDVLDQWRWKH /DWH9DODQJLQLDQ 7KH8SSHU%HUULDVLDQVHTXHQFHJURXSZKLFKUHFRUGVF\FOHVRIKLJKDPSOLWXGHUHODWLYHVHDOHYHO YDULDWLRQV 7KH8SSHUPRVW%HUULDVLDQ²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ownloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geoarabia/article-pdf/18/2/197/4570627/eage_2012_workshop_2.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021