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2 Carloviana ""

Volume2 No.29 New Series 1981 Journal of Old Carlow Society Editor: Hugh Dolan Printed by 'Nationalist' Carlow The way forward

"Some dream a dream, and say why? Recruiting young people will be the Others, dream a dream, and say why most difficult part of the renewal CONTENTS not?" prograrrune. I know that many potential At many times throughout our history young members cannot identify Page many of our people who were not satisfied themselves with the Society as it is now. The District of Leighlin .•••.. 4 with the prevailing conditions have asked One reason is the name, and the other is "why not". that they say that there are no young peo­ Growing up in Carlow •••..•. 7 Tone and Emmet asked this question. ple in the Society. The recruiting of The Rev. Samuel J .K.L. and O'Connell asked it. Davitt members throughout the county will not Haughton ...... 10. and his followers asked it. Larkin, Con­ be too difficult, but the problem will arise nolly, Pearse and McDonagh, each in when those people are admitted to Riches of Clonmore .....••.... 13 tum asked "why not". membership. The corrunittee will have to National Monuments of I "dream a dream" of the Old Carlow plan a prograrrune which will be of in­ Carlow ...... 14 Society and say "why not". The "why terest to all members whether they come not" is why not restore it to its initial from Poulmounty, Hacketstown, Old Frank O'Meara; Myshall ... 15 vigour. Leighlin or Kildavin. Carlow Material in Since 1946 ahnost every trade and The Society has had successes, most National Museum .....••... 16 profession has had to learn new methods notable being . the County Museum. Carlow Town Bands and techniques. However, in my view, some important In that time the Society, especially the themes and eras have had insufficient at­ 19()()-1950 ...... 18 latter years, has tended to preserve a tention paid to them: the development of St. Colman of "status quo". This has led to ahnost com­ education in the County and the War of Stradbally ...... 20 plete stagnation within the Scoiety and Independence. I know that many items has led . to two of its main weaknesses at' dealing with each of those subjects are Dr. Michael Comerford ...... 22 the present time. These are (1) thel available, if the Society makes a decision Carlow Criminal Court ...... 23 almost complete concentration of to exhibit them, but until that time, Carlow Electricity members in the immediate vicinity of owners prefer to keep them in private pos­ Undertaking ...... 24 Carlow town and (2) the ahnost complete session. absence of active young members. I may appear to be very dissatisfied County Carlow Museum •.•.. 25 - The~ founding members did Trojan with the Society. This is not so, but I, in Secretary's Report ...... •.....26 work, but time has taken its toll. Until common with some members, do realise The Census of Ireland people with the same enthusiasm are that a revitalising prograrrune will have to again induced to becom!) members, the be undertaken irrunediately if we are to 1861 ...... 27 Society cannot achieve its Conner vigour. · have a Society not only as good as but one Members of Old Carlow I offered myself for election as which will be better than all others in the Society ...... 29 Chainnan because some members, among' country. them myself, asked why not have a For that reason I invite anyone who is vibrant Society with nwnerous young interested in helping to improve and ex- · members and a membership from the tend the influence of the Society to con­ whole County. tact me. The first hurdle of becoming Chainnan was not very difficult to achieve, but the revital,ising of the Society cannot be Seamus Murphy, achieved, without the co-operation of the Chairman, present members. October, 1980. Old Carlow Society.

Cover: Gateway at St. Lai,erian• Cathedral, Old Lei1hlin. Photo by William Elli• (See article on pafe 4). 3 The District of Leighlin Laserians country

~~~~~~~~-M:argaretHayden~~~~~~~~-

Ireland has always been famous for its Paire Ban, presumably from the white tury. However, long before the Christian glorious past and possibly it is this con­ habits of that multitude of clerics there on era Leighlin was important as being the sciousness of greatness which has in­ that occasion. St. Laserian died in 639 residence of the kings of Leinster. The fluenced us over the centuries. Leighlin, and over succeeding centuries the Abbots reputed site is at a place close to the vil­ from where I come, is one of these places. contined to be "a flame of Gold over noble lage on the west side of the river and is The whole parish has a rich historical Ireland". called Dinn Righ. It is now just a raised heritage and in Ireland's golden era there During the Danish invasion the ring of land high over the Barrow with no was a monastic school here. At that time monastery was plundered and many peo­ mark or indication of its historical as­ the present parish of Leighlin consisted of ple slain. In the following century Old sociations. seven parishes and the remains of the Leighlin was again looted. In 1060 the For centuries then, we had these two churches in these places may still be seen. place was also burned and Irish warring townships of Old Leighlin and New Leighlin was a city then extending for a chieftains were sometimes involved as Leighlin or Leighlinbridge. Wars and radius of more than four miles and its well as foreigners. After the coming of the persecution took their toll of the monastic centre was at the site of the present Nonnas Old Leighlin as distinct from settlement at Old Leighlin and in the Cathedral at what is now known as Old New Leighlin or Leighlinbridge on the reign of Henry Vill the Church which was Leighlin. Literally the name "Leighlin" Barrow began to diminish. Leighlinbridge all that remained of the monastery passed means "half glen" and Old Leighlin is a became a strategic position as the Barrow into Protestant hands. The cult of St. small village set in a fold of the hills fonn­ fonned the limits of the Pale. Laserian lives on still, strong and undim­ ing the southern tip of the Slieve Margy The monastery was still at Old med. On his feast which is April 18th ridge. Only on one side has the sightseer a Leighlin and in fact a Corporation ad­ there is a Pattern to the Blessed Well look at far horizons, which are fonned by ministered law here until the mid 19th near the Church and public Devotions are the Blackstairs Mountains, dominated by century. The newer part of the city con­ held. Many people have a wonderful belief the highest peak, Mount Leinster. tinued to flourish. The Nonnas set up and in the miraculous power of the water. St. Laserian, the first Abbot of the endowed a Cannelite Monastery in what Ballinabranna is now the out-parish of ·monastery is the patron saint of the is now Main Street. Nearby a castle Leighlin and is north of it on higher ,parish - of the whole diocese in fact. fortress was built by them for protection ground. The area is also historically rich. Prior to his coming, St. Gobhan was in from Irish attacks. Sir Peter Carew Clogrennane Castle is near here and it charge, but he relinquished his post in founded the monastery and lived at the was also a Nonnan stronghold. The favour of St. Laserian. who was advised Castle. Irish chieftains from the Slieve Butlers were the owners of the Castle. in a vision to set up his monastery "where Margy Ridge made many forays on the There are many raths around and fonner he would see the sun first shining" (It was Nonnans within the walls. They had good generations had a wholesome dread of of­ a wet day) . Under Laserian's rule the vantage points from the hills and no fending the "Good People". monastery became famous as a place of doubt there were many bitter battles. piety and learning with 1,500 monks TRADITION AND FOLKLORE there at the peak of its glory. AN OLD SAYING The lives of the people revolved about An old saying which is often quoted by As usual in a district with such a that monastery because it was a hospital people living quite far away from the dis­ historical background there are nwnerous and an orphanage as well as a centre of trict is "Old Leighlin I dread you and the traditional stories and folklore. In giving learning, religion and the arts. All kinds hills above you". I suspect that this say­ some of them I cannot vouch for their of crafts were taught there and stories ing originated in Nonnan times and was complete authenticity but they probably were told and written down. The monks coined by them. It is, if this be true, more had a basis of truth. According to tradi­ were famous too for their curing herbs a tribute than a criticism because the tion there are a lot of underground pas­ and ointments. Irish waged war relentlessly with the sages near the site of the old monastery at Lords of the Castle and the soldiery who Old Leighlin. Historians say that the one DATE OF EASTER kept the bridge. The hills too would have linking the Church with the Blessed Well It is not generally known that St. provided vantage points to ensure the is probably a fact. Old and long gone peo­ Laserian was instrumental in getting the· success of these forays. In time these ple believed that a passage stretched from date of Easter to co-incide with the rest of Nonnans like all the others became more the Church to the site of another ancient Europe. Ireland had kept behind Europe Irish than the Irish and absorbed Church over three miles away (Wells) . in this respect. A Synod was convened at themselves into the commurifty. 'The Others maintained that the passage Old Leighlin to gain approval of the ac­ Cannelite Monastery was occupied until emerged less than a mile from the village. cepted date and St. Laserian was made the 19th century when sadly, the last few The theory is that the monks hid in these papal Legate to this gathering. After members of the Community made their passages in times of persecution bringing much discussion the date of Easter as we way back to the Mother House in Kildare. the sacred vessels and vestments with know it, was approved. Ever since the The present bridge in Leighlin is that them. field where the Synod took place is c;~ed_ .Nonnan one and dates frog1 the 13th cen- The idea of the shorter underground 4 exit is in a tleld which is called the coUJa .tney ao r 1t was really a nooson s notame re11giou11 ana meo10g11:w uuuA11. criosog. Obviously it had a connection choice - to infonn or to die tortuously. To He paid one visit at least back to Leighlin with the monastery. There is also a Mass be branded an infonner was considered about 1910 and wa11 instrumental in bush, said to be hundreds of years old in worse than death. Once again the Carews bringing the Mercy Sisters here at that the field. The terrain here is limestone were in the forefront of trouble. time. He also donated the high altars that and there is a working quarry close by. Denis Carew was due to die after being are in Leighlin and in Ballinabranna. Limestone creates natural fissures in the flogged for some miles on his way to Profesl!or John Tyndall was another rock and it is feasible that the monks prison. Prison was a small room on the Leighlin man whose fame was world wide could have improved on the natural caves. east side of the bridge in Leighlin. To him and wal! one of the world's greatest scien­ Investigation is difficult because some of his visiting wife said "Leave no other tists. A11 a youth he was interested in the field has got overgrown with briers. widow but me" In other words don't turn nature but around 1839 his mind was on Another old story giving credence to infonner. Brigid Carew was about forty at more serious things and drawing and the idea of underground passages is the the time and had several children. Up to geometry were his l!ubjects. His teacher fact that years ago, when iron-bound recent years a lane in Leighlinbridge was WBI! John Conmill who was another of. carts traversed the hill road immediately called murdering lane. The name dates Leighlin'I! "greats". He and Tyndall; his south of the site of the old monastery from '98 when many prisoners were moat brilliant pupil are l!aid to have travellers delcared that a hollow sound brought here to be mutilated and finally worked out geometry problems in the dust always came from a particular part of the hanged. The inn facing the Carlow road of the road from the hedge school in Bal­ hill. The declaration was made in good was also prominently associated with that linabranna on their way iioine John Tyn­ faith without being aware of any time. It is a shop and dwelling house now. dall started work as a surveyor but over traditional story. The "Big Tree" is also a Men from the hills and the valleys; from succeeding years he got a degree in well known landmark in the village just at ;Leighlinbridge and Old Leighlin - were philol!ophy, got proficient in three :the Church ga1:es. This is repu1:ed to be on ronong those slain and even to this day languagel! and Wal! a lecturer and writer. the si1:e of an ancient _yew tree called F.o there is a reticence in recalling those He del!igned a lamp which was used at Rossa or Rossa's yew tree. It was a sacred families who got branded with the name the Howth Lighthouse. He went on tours tree in pagan times which fell in St. "infonner". with Bl!tronomers to study eclipsel!, Laserian's time and the wood was shared Always it seems the area around the studied the cau&el! of rainbows and was a out for building monasteries. It is still cal­ bridge in Leighlin was . a haiarcfous consu!t.iiit in street lighting in major led the "Big Tree" and has a raised cir­ place to live. There was many a faction townl! in England. Truly he fulfilled his cular platform around it where flowers are fight at the fair of Leighlin, held annually. prophecy. "I will join the Barrow with the grown. I remember it as a spreading ash There were dark deeds done in the days Thamel!". He died in 1893. Some moun­ tree at one time but this too, succumbed when river traffic brought an influx of tains, a town, a village and a glacier have to stonn and about seven years ago a cop­ employees of rival companies. Many been named after him but there is no per beach was plan1:ed by Muintir Na Tire times in the recent past the river Barrow monument or building commemorating and is flourishing._ has overflowed into the street-s when rain him in his native village or county; The old-time monks also enjoyed some fall got excessive. However there are moves to rectify this in renown as healers. This healing was sup­ the near future. plied by botanised medicines. They used FAMOUS NAMES Another Leighlin man, Myles Kehoe, herbs, plants, flowers and various sages In retrospect it would seem that the wee a hero of the battle of the Little Big from which drinks and ointments were love of learning is inherent in us all and Horn Bl! a captain in the U.S. Army. He made. Another old tradition concerns the that includes Leighlin. The parish, with wa11 born near Leighlin in 1840 and fol­ holy water font which is still in the its out parish - Ballinabranna has had a fowed a military career. For a· time he was Church. This is certainly old and hewn fair share of notable and learned people. with an Irish contingent with the Papal roughly with primitive tools. The story is Naming the great Church leaders first we Anny but lat.er he transferred to the U.S. that the font was pulled out and thrown have Cardinal Cullen who had close con­ Anny. In that fatal battle with the Siom outside several nights in succession but it nections with Leighlin. He was born in tribe he was second in command and met hiE was always back the next day. One very Ballytore where the family had death by rifle fire at the age of 22. Hie ancient family in the district is Carey's. moved shortly before the Cardinal's horse, Comanche was the only survivor of They claim descent from the Carews by birth. He was ordained in Rome where he that carnage. Later the Indians refrained which name they were known up to 100 ministered for thirty years after. In 1850 from mutilating hil! body because of the years ago. Tradition clainis that the he was appointed Archbishop of Annii.gh religious emblem he wore round his neck. monks made a promise to them that the and in 1866 became Ireland's first Car­ The present owner of the ancestral home family would never die out because they dinal. at Orchard near Leighlin is also named did some very needful service for the The Cardinal's nephew was another Myles. monks at one time. This belief has been a prominent Churchman and also became Many simple unlettered people of my source of hope for the present family who Cardinal of Sydney. Patrick Francis Car­ district come to mind as being great but waited a long time for children of which dinal Moran was born in Main Street their greatness is in eternity rather than the youngest two are sons. Leighlin and his eminent uncle started in time. They are in the true tradition of him on his priestly studies in Rome. He this island of saints. I can remember poor 1798 spent many years on the staff of the Irish half nourished people corning from the The parish of Leighlin had fluctuating College there. On returning to Ireland he hills to perfonn religious duties fasting fortunes aft.er the Nonnans got as­ was secretary to his uncle for a time. In from midnight. These men and women similated into the community. There were 1871 he was appointed Bishop of Ossory had no mod. cons. as today. The work, only the poor and the rich and most after some months as Coadjutor. Then at was laborious and women often worked in. landlords were unjust, mean and cruel to the repeated requests of bishops in the fields too. They were devoted to their their tenants. The Penal laws were Sydney he went to them with Papal ap­ families and did their best to make a bet­ another imposition which laid the seed of proval. There were sad farewells from his ter life for them than had been their own strife in Irish hearts and this erupted into friends and relatives but the infant lot. Yet they were always light-hearted the Insurrection of 1798. It was as bitter Church in Aul!tralia l!oon felt the benefit and witty and many a good story has and heart-rending around Leighlinbridge of hie coming and he left a legacy of emerged from the hearthstones of a poor as anywhere else. Many local people were churches, convents and l!Chools to that but noble people. This way of life wu not 5 unnamed "greats" of our country have be­ There are cormnunity halls af Leighun, empty houses testify to this. One aspect queathed to us that same staunch spirit of Old Leighlin and Ballinabranna. In all endures however. The contours of the faith which probably still holds us in all cases these halls were possible when new countryside - that long line of hills ·..:. the life's adversities. schools were built and the community distant views - were familiar to Laserian took over the old buildings and re­ Wld his monks too. MODERN TIMES constructed them into halls. Each area I realize this as I look through the win­ So now we come to our own times. has its own functions and organisations dow of my house towards Barney's Hill Leighlinbridge with the parish Church of and there is a friendly rivalry in all just two short fields away. That is the hill St. Laserian is the centre of activities. aspects of sport and leisure activities. in whose folds is the field called Criosog. Geographically Old Leighlin is more the This does not mean that the parish is not We played in it as children without know­ centre. From here the parish has a rough unified. There are a number of occasions jng anything of history or field names. circumference of over three miles. The when the whole parish as one must put Even then we got the feeling of eeriness, of hills to the west rise like sentinels as if to heart and soul into some fund raising pro­ being back in time and isolated from the guard the fortunes of the ageless ject and each area helps when the cause of present. In spring the brown bracken countryside - Laserian's country. That any one area is claiming attention. mingles with golden furze; wild life is Nonnan bridge in Leighlin is still a Now the way of life is vastly different abundant and rivulets gurgle downhill hazard and was never designed to take since Laserian's time. The ancient city of and lose themselves underground. To me the amount of traffic of to day. In recent Leighlin has now divided into two villages this field with the humps has now a new years many spills at the bridge have with Ballinabranna forming what would significance and I wonder does history live demonstrated this fact but happily the have been a kind of suburb. The older on in subterrarean passages. Perhaps the loss was in goods and not in human life. area at Old Leighlin now consists of one devices of the present will sometime un­ Now a cantilever crossing is being erected street. There is a square where the "big earth the whole story of Laserian and his for pedestrians while plans are going tree" stands and all is dominated by the monks. ahead for the erection of a new bridge imposing church gates to the 16th century. However whether this happens or not farther upstream and a linking road Church. Like other places the population this district of Leighlin will always be which will bye-pass the village. This may LASERIAN'S COUNTRY. present other problems but the Barrow­ side here has become a.modest tourist at­ traction and may be more attractive when heavy traffic is eliminated. The local Community Council have provided seating and tables and a riverside garden has made it a pleasant stop for picnic meals for motorists. Fanning is the principal occupation Duiske Abbey andJanns vary from the rich lands of the Barrow valley to the cold marshy moorland of the hills. Most of the in­ dustries of the area are based on agriculture and the young men from the hills supplement their incomes by seasonal work in Carlow Sugar Factory. By way of bonus the poor land of the hills has some turf banks and it is possible for families to cut turf for their own use. This photograph Much of this area has also been taken by William Ellis over for afforestation and the young trees shows the inter­ are a pleasant backing for the wide view ior of Duiske of countryside which attracts summer­ time motorists. Abbey, Graigue­ The Limestone Quarries and namanagh. This Monumental Works near Old Leighlin magnificent bui­ lding was re­ provide good employment. There is also a opened for public Limestone industry at Ballinabranna and worship on June a small coal mine on the Ballinabranna 1st 1980. The outskirts of the pariah which is the reason Old Carlow for the presence of grindstones in the area. Grindstones were circular stones of Society wish to congratulate all granite or limestone with a central pin to which a horse or donkey was yoked. The those concerned stone wa11 thu11 rotated while coal slack with the restor­ mixed with clay .was spread underneath. ation of this historic building This crushed coal-clay combination was made into "bombs" or little balls and was the normal firing Ulled in the days of open fires. The grindstones are falling into dis­ use now and many have gone completely. A knitting factory in Leighlin employs youths and young girls while factories and offices in Carlow and Bagnalstown absorb the non fanning population. 6 urowmg up m lJartow ------Padraig 6 Snodaigh------

What do you keep and hold and what many other countries and societies have not appeciate, as deserved, the efforts of do you clear away? We have lost or experienced. Jean Rowlands to bring that most in­ wasted too much already. Some years ago I remember once seeing Big Jim Larkin teresting · Young Irelander and anti­ at a Labour Party Conference a speaker, from Lynch's steps address a handful in a slavery campaigner, James Haughton, to referring to the Irish Language, said forties' election campaign - as few I sup­ our notice. But where is the plaque that " throw it on the ash-heap of pose as listel!ed to that brief sortee of marks his birthplace? Certainly Norman archaeology". Agus ar nd6igh m6rbh e na Gear6id O Cuinneagain's here with MacMillan is to be often thanked for iad ba mheasa, ni hiad anois ach oiread. Ailtiri na hAiseiri in the same decade if) marking Tyndall's place and positioning Ar a laghad bhi se macanta is labhair as a not that year: but no one said to me what him finnly in our local record. Who will do thoil is ·as a smaointe fein muinlaithe mar I had seen or heard and it was left to the for Peter Fenelon Collier and for Amnesty a bhid ag an teip a chuaigh romhainn is study of a decade and a half later to prick Nolan to mention two so differing men,. ag an abharachas ata ag creimeadh the memory into a realisation of what had each deserving our memory and shared luachanna i gcuile chearu den tir. passed by - extinct volcano perhaps, but pride in their being part of where we too Brother Dowling brought Sean history itself. Does anyone use the steps are or came from. And we are back to O'Ciardhubhain "out the hill" one after­ now? or would anyone attend a meeting roots - how deep to be duchasach. How noon and had Sean listen to him speak to still? Would Charlie or George or Garret many Kavanaghs and Nolana and elders there in an accent Sean later or Frank spill crowds up every artery and O'Neills have we really? One problem of thought resembled what we now designate all the way to Duggan's Cross as Dev. did community may be that Carlow was so as IBster. That I suppose was the last of once (and Lemass failed to do at the close long - I mean the town mostly here - a Leinster Irish in this area and none of us of that same campaign) but then many of thoroughfare and a garrison. So is Snod­ thought to do anything about the grafting you may not even know where Duggan's dy native? (only since 1846) or Ellis, on instead of restoration. Sean, a Carlow Cross was. Shepperd, Lambert, Jones, McGlade, man as you have gathered, was at this And there's the rub again: the failure Clarke, Curran, Carey, Shaw, Moore, year's Conradh na Gaeilge Ardfheis san to value our own. My aunt could sing Murray and Mulhall to mention a few Spideal an neasc6id ud i nGaeltacht "Killamey" and others "Galway Bay" - names from my immediate ambience Chois Fharraige. the Walkers and the Begleys could do an then? There was a certain shame in poverty I opera when in fonn - but Delia Murphy The railway brought its corps and so suppose that hastened the loss and singing "The Spinning Wheel", say, was a did the various militias and the rotating destruction of so much of value. Who is scandal to them. A diplomat's wife sing­ regiments in the barracks. Some of the Ned Ffrench's successor as a tinsmith? ing an oul' tinker song! - as if those arts bigger houses in Bridewell Lane they say the Gug Murphy's as a blacksmith in which a people on the run can bring, their were for the officers. Maybe but they also Bridewell Lane and Potato Market? poetry and music, somehow did not sheltered the transient and too short lives Where are their equipment and stock? belong at what was - ignorantly - con­ of people when T.B. that scourge of the Where indeed - bulldozed with the Lane ceived to be the peak of social life, an in­ forties left so many tears and regrets, so· itself and its offshoots. Who in their accessible one at that. But in music, at many blightings - and the occasional physical absence can understand the least, I think that wheel has turned. I touch of something beyond as when Liz celebration in certain lines of mine about don't know how it is with them now or if McGrath (was it in her First Communion the aunt who reared me there since but they still play but some years ago I wrote dress?) saw, she said, as it were an angel the grotty rut by Quinn's and the cul de of "Cromlech" and their quality, while the come to take her away. sac to the Corcoran haven are all that now Conradh's weekly seisiun in the Seven In parts then communities were formed remain. The garden of adventure and Oaks pays testimony to its acknowledged or welded in geography, in class perhaps strange memories beside the Mill race is vitality. It is so different from when and in shared suffering - but as has often gone I'm told. Perhaps Hopkins's and Donagh MacDonagh told me he had to been pointed out, this did not make one of their apples are too; it is hard to know, write the songs himself to make a Carlow. I suppose there was a community the town has changed so much. programme on us in his "Ballad Tour of in the Barrack Streets with names as There was a time when reverence Ireland" on Radio Eireann long ago or Griffith, Rossiter, English, Igoe, Stafford, either declined to superstition or mas­ Ciaran MacMathuna's failure to respond Carpenter, Abbott and Fleming to mark queraded in that fonn, but whichever it to my father's offer to set up sessions for their, too, disparate sources. was so still obtained in my youth that his Job of Joumeywork. What matter - And someone from one of those streets field monuments and memorials were we know, or do we? that the greatest piece no doubt would give a different picture, preserved by geasa or taboo that now go of all "Eibhlin A Run" is ours - at least enlighted from another angle. That really down before a grasping ambition that in the inspiration. Yes that wheel has is the pith of history, if it can be achieved. thinks its ownership absolute and not turned. All credit to those who kept the Should An Taisce or anyone else lend delegated - an avarice that will reap due resin on the bow in the years of ignorance themselves towards that they will deserve vengeance I fear in time unless it changes and ignoring; all credit too, to the ef­ our support as well as success. quickly. Pig ignorant prurience changed fore scence best seen, perhaps, in A more recent community I think was Rath na Pis to Larkfield and unlike Paire Comhalt&B Ceolt6iri na h8ireann's Killian's Crescent (I make no attempt at Mhuire with its transplanted community fleadhanna ce6il and in the rediscoveries accuracy here. I am merely evoking of "dirty Lane boys", as Michael Farrell highlighted by Sean O'Riade. Ta muid memories and impressions that may, if called us in Thy Tears Might CeaH, br6duil aria 88 an gcuid sin dar nduchas. worthwhile, spark more in others-) with one felt not only was the shame of past But then perhaps we do not boast its quota of lovely girls and usual mixture expressed in that change but a ruthles­ enough. Since we don't and keep our in­ of sources in names as Haughney, Walsh, sness that bodes no social good, as so formation too often to ourselves, we may Malone, Brooks, Long, Dalton, Flood, 7 .James's shop. The railway line of course the Workman's Club was really ap­ Old Burren not long above the weir where loomed big for them as boundary, refuge preciated - maybe I'm wrong. His the raised bank through two fields gave •courting spot, short-cut or playground. portrait is there alright. What of Val platfonn for many's the first ape drwnm­ -They had their favourite orchards, as we Vouaden'a or is his birthplace marked or ing aimed at impressing the budding :had ours: Keenan's and Feore's especial­ does anyone read his Caravan now or girls. Maybe one swruner was enough ly. Reynolds at the Courthouse took some. realise the extent to which his recitations there - I am not sure - before the more daring and I doubt if any of us thought of, - those amusing if soft centred (I'm not serious living by "Barrow's Banks". Percy Poole's - his garden was such a '. ashamed or afraid of nostalgia at all) Further up river one could argue about glory and a pleasure. (You might have a· gems of comment are historic documents the church ruins in some field near Best­ different taste for ice-cream too an~ that say much about emigration if one is field on the Bruen Estate. If I was near it, beyond the bland try Murray's - no quiet enough to hear: it was the only time I ever consciously set .longer made - or Dillon's - a shop no foot on that estate except to pass the :longer in that trade or name). Strange "Although they do their best to make main gate once to chase a ball and never :that how quickly after the war we turned me feel at home an' safe did I see the portal Dolmen, on the from home-made as if bad and from. I'd rather thread this moment the brows Browne-Clayton holding, we so often quality - as in brown-bread - to the. of autwnn lafe boast of as the largest in Europe. It was •agent whitened dough from Dublin. But: That makes a thickened carpet along not a divinity about kings - Bruen was maybe that's too personal or too par­ where streamlets flow - pointed out to me once going into the es­ ticular. I'd lather be a-strollin on the roads tate office in Leinster Crescent or Court around Rathoe." Place but a manifestation of a deep and I mentioned a while ago that we do not And Mac Nevin brings me back to inherited rejection of conquest and a boast enough; perhaps poverty made us another community "Down by the river­ realisation of the inequity of land holding begrudge too much. Community of suffer­ side" "by Barrow's banks" and one I as it was. We had learned about Davitt as ing isn't always the fulcrum of sanctity: it know little about. I suppose I was in six it were and B&W four and a half thousand is because it is not that it is evil and to be houses and one (Losty's) pub in that acres of prime land on the outskirts of our eradicated. But back to boasting! Even if area. I cannot pinpoint the site of the old town still held in some feudal gavel. Some we didn't mount a gallop against Kildare electricity generating station. I doubt if years after leaving Carlow - in the mid­ lately who, beyond Antrim and Kevin any of it is left, and what a fascinating Annatrong maybe, produced a better fifties - I was more than glad to be (in piece of industrial archaeology and of the even the small way I was) associated at Gaelic football forward than Jimma Rea history of technology (and of Carlow) that Cartan Finegan's request with the agita­ and was there ever a more stylish pre-E.S.B. station would have been had it tion re those two estates - then recently centrefield than Luke Kelly and Jim Mor­ survived. I recall Merville Milk advertis­ sold to English combines - under the Iris (there may have been, in Laois, with ing in Carlow - fair enough there is the aegis of the Bennekerry Land Club. It Bill Delaney and Tommy Murphy, but I phenomenon of Carlow not having a was a nice education in politics too and think we have a claim on Tom though no creamery and Plunkett's Co-ops. failing showed how far from root Childers, then plaque marks his Bethlehem for us yet). to take off at all in the county but still and Minister was, with his "I will not be dic­ For years Dinny Hyland was the best all Finglas to Tullow Street is a bit much! tated to by any pressure group". pole-vaulter in Ireland; for more than a We graduated to the Barrow - and How practical Lemass was in shifting decade he was the most stylish. There there were lovelr lan~orous d~ys at or him, and how quick to read a situation was a Carlow school of vaulting with near the Club (inside when you could af­ Charlie - the new Minister - was when medals well beyond our due proportion - ford it) . Then in long swnmers of sun and he had the one divided and the other an but who writes the history of sport. Yet so the beautiful Ryans and the stories of experimental fann for An Foras Taluntais much of our talk and reminiscence is of Jimmy O'Neill's prowess and the Barrow - a debt I would like to record as repaid sport - the epics for example of county Mile (I could cross the Barrow) and the when its staff helped the union retain croH-country championships with occasional boat trip up to Knockbeg. Far­ Erin Foods in Carlow some years ago. Murphy, Jones and Lambert vying for rell's echoes are so much mine; ours I sup­ It was strange meeting boys from honours in Stanley's Bog. In my time and pose. In the better and more civic-minded other areas on the "track" was so dif­ in my father's too, we enjoyed our sport. years we could walk or scout-pace or stroll ferent an encounter from associating with Strange the way the legend goes. Ac­ as far as Athy on the towpath left us by them at school. I think it was there we en­ cording to the story my father was "a Barrow Navigation, and there was an in­ countered rightly other corrununities - great terrier of a wing forward in cup ducting field the name of which I can't Athy Road and Montgomery Street as competition"; "a dacent &logger", he said, recall on a reedy bend near the Factory well as that of Dublin Road. Perhaps I am and a look back at the newspapers sug­ tum. They have since ceased filling the forcing too much of a pattern here hut gests that he and not legend or Graigue side with their usable waste. cela n'import we certainly realised that heightened flashback was right. This is. About time too. Graiguecullen then was a differing and as an indication of how oral history (a moat But there was an apprenticeship to be far as we could judge a cohering com­ important and underuaed source) can be served in the New Burren first. Through a munity. - I have since described it as checked against the local contemporary field full of river grass, past the house of Carlow's Irishtown (without convincing record, checked and where neceBSary ad­ the tall Murphy girls to whom I may have too many it seems) though whether as it justed. been related, across the railway line, past is more and more built up from Carlow, it Another small community was New the children's beach and half way to the can retain its separateness is hard to Street - all gone - If Granby Row was Sally Hole to dive into which was the know, Graigue had its own scout troop new I doubt if many of us realised that cuhninating boast of competence after then ("Biber" MacDonald and Johnny the man next door but one in my few friends or relatives had held up chin or Brophy mastered us at first in those years short bllanta toeaigh ar bhior Hanover stomach; floats of flaggers made or in­ of hanging on to youth) and its outreach agus Raedh Granbi was a 1916 Veteran flated car tubes pressed into use to keep Killeshin its own pipe-band but the - Garcia Sergeant Tom O'Neill. I don't the novices afloat. Meanwhile along the transfer of Graigue to Laois for football think he was ever asked to give a talk on banks and up and down its one hill, bat­ tenns may not have helped corrununity that. Brown and Charlotte Streets had tles were re-won and games re-played un­ growth. A mhalairt ar fad bhfeidir. their own community - and chippers, and til in a good swnmer all was pleasantry. Because of that and the river and so again somehow I doubt if Michael By nascent adolescence, the games had many of their own institutions Graigut 8 mentioned. data on the Kavanaghs and the Cromwel­ but a look at that programme again might But ffie impression must not be con­ lian planters and in a brief span of talk help to touch the pith of local pride again: veyed of tight isolated villages - I had showed balance and amplitude. My father street profiles in ownership in rental in and have relatives all round the town and had some lhtle hand in the preparation I use and in occupancy over the life span of well outside it too. A grand-uncle on know - they were great friends - BO Dr. the chosen samples could for example Stapletown Road could talk of Indian Miller told me years later when P.P. in touch off a chain letter of accumulating Days in the British Anny of the last cen­ Droichead Nua but that again is not ad knowledge that could not but be a source tury while aunts in Haymarkmet and rem. of pride for us all denizens, exiles, new or Black Bog talked of their imprisonment in Whoever was responsible -the idealism old. Ireland in other wars. came through from the start. Other approaches can enhance ap­ I adverted to the puffing of wares some "The words using the term 'school preciation: the art and craft in buildings time ago. You'd think before the Squash place' in a wide sense, indicate the impor­ for example; the technology of particular advertising campaign that the country tance of and the prominent place the processes and of their superseders; the in­ was devoid of handball alleys (or of gable teaching of local history ought to occupy fluence of geographical and geological walls for those who could not join the club in the school curriculwn. It should be one features on some developments; the new or use the school shed or college courts of the chief sources of inspiration for your apprehensions of ecologists, and above all after hours). Our favourite was called the pupils." Padraig Pearse in "The Story of the restoration of history to its makers: Haggard, with its two walls, concrete floor a Success". these can en maaae help weld the ele­ and slight rise behind, where I once It says much for the three pamphlets ments into the community most would defended the honour of "the lane" against which resulted that they remained for like to see. Btheidir gur fiu don Taisce dul Charlie Ingram of the Deighton Hall as long the text - when obtainable - for the i dteang:inhail le coiste ~igse Carlow best I can remember winning but by a course - while it lasted - and that almost dthonn nithe da sort a bhrostu chun single stroke, and on home floor at that. fifty years later one can say of them that blatha faoi scath a gcornhoibrithe. Go Those alleys deserve listing and re­ The Barrow Valley and Its History is raibh rath ar iarrachtai d6 sort. furbishing. still the best survey of our story up to We had our own scale of values ob­ 1750 A.D . They could with benefit be yet This lecture was delivered to Carlow viously and I am quite in earnest - and to reprinted. Branch of An Taisce in May, 1980. suggest otherwise could put people astray But in another way is it not a mark of ...,... when I say that Tom Brown, Lil decline in matters of value to us here - I On Samuel Haughton Conroy, Barney Hennessy - about whom take it we are ad rem on this at least - It was stated in part 1 of the article on Con Ellis has written - and "Nick Nock" that one can say in so recommending Samuel Haughton (Carloviana No. 28) - who didn't want to be included in a them that nothing has been done since to that Professor MacCullagh of TCD was a photo-feature on Carlow town done in replace them. Local apathy and Catholic. This was taken from the Dic­ 1950 by the Times Pictorial or in a departmental ironing out of the rills of tionary of Scientific Biography entry. The later photographic show - loomed larger particularism may well have caused this author was very anxious to find out how a and were more important to us, more real, pass, but they are not enough to account Catholic in the first part of the 19th cen­ more ours than any posse commitatus of for the lack. tury could have become a Fellow and landlords was or could ever have been. 110 years ago the Editor of The Professor at T.C.D. and subsequent One belonged - the others (I suppose one Carlow College Magazine (addresses researches have shown that this is almost could be sorry for them in a way) never in Dublin and London) in a good review entirely false. Don Moyer the writer of could. I sense now that such closeness of of an early book on Irish Folk-Lore identification is not so easy and perhaps I this entry does not stand over this claim mentioned that "Irish speaking people are and as an American he was unaware of might suggest one reason above all - the wifortunately fast disappearing". Sixty Irish politics. The error resulted from a education system. years later the atmosphere had changed rather strange phrase in the R.I.A. An easy target perhaps but think of and locally I think that was evidenced by this. When my father taught in the thir­ Dr. Miller's three booklets and by the An­ obituary about his unusual religious views, ties - and for some time afterwards - nual Feiseanna with all the local lore col­ which would be read that he was a two subjects on the primary course were lected towards the competitions and pro­ Catholic. In all probability he was a Dis­ rural science and local history. Two ker­ jects they yearly engendered. senter or was not completely orthodox es­ nei subjects in any student - (rather than That much was fact and now I go on tablishment church. exam-) oriented schooling one would have remembering unchecked. The war, the Norman McMillan thought; both pelu long gone as clerks economic war before it, the clashes of in­ seek uniformity (and its concomitant) terests revealed (we were all on Paudge The finaL part of this article will be conformity. MacGamhna's side when he ploughed published in next years Carloviana. - 1 don't know 1t one can recalilectures, what one landed type had archly refused given two years before one's birth or to, despite the Governmental rules aimed whether the lectures themselves were at feeding us - at least), the terrible repeated. I certainly recall people talking emigration all tore the heart from about the series given (firstly perhaps) in forward-looking movements. The time I 1933 by the late Dr. Miller - who expect is ripe to look again: the Eigae acknowledged my uncle Ned's death with (this talk wifortunately clashes with) is The editor wishes to thank the fol• prayer when other clerics refused the one hopeful sign. Writing in Art and An­ lowing for their help in the publica­ church's roof to his coffin in 1923 (and tiquea Weekly Margaret Holland said tion of Carloviana: E. Dagg and staff communion to his sorrowing father, lately: "The original aim of the National of 'Nationalist'; W. Ellis and A. mother, brothers and sisters about a Trust, . . . . was to conserve the natural Burns. He is grateful to Director of dozen in all) and for this, in our family beauty of our countryside and the National Museum for list of Acquisi­ lore was passed over for promotion in buildings once necessary to its life such as tions from County Carlow and to later decades. He also caused my double mills, barns, or dovecotes; and of our in­ sponsors for financial aid. A number name, but thaCis by"flie -way. What is dustrial past, canals, mines or factories". of articles have had to be held over not is that in three talks then - he The emphasis there has changed a lot for next years journal. opened eyes and ears, told us about the since then and this had its parallel 9 The Rev. Samuel Haughton ------N. D. McMillan Ph.D. B.Sc.------

THE SECOND PERIOD: Irish coast. Consequently, Haughton was anti-evolutionists, but this role fell on the HIS GEOLOGICAL RESEARCHES well qualified for his election as Professor shoulders of the very prestigious, but by BETWEEN 1847 and 1851, Haughton of Geology, when Professor Phillips all accounts incredibly vain Sir Richard published eight very substantial vacated the.chair of Geology in Trinity in Owen (Ref 27) a most eminent and mathematical papers, but during this 18 51. He was to hold this position for authoritive anatomist. The embarrassing period of hectic mathematical endeavour thirty years, only resignipg this after his debacle which followed in the evolution his career was changing course as his later co-option to Senior Fellow in the col­ controversy, perhaps convinced Haughton boyhood interest in geology re-exerted lege. The duties involved with this chair, that he needed as thorough a knowledge itself and took him away from were that twelve lectures be delivered for of this subject as the victorious Huxley. In matliernatical physics. Paradoxically it each of the three college terms. There is any event we find in Professor Cun­ was this very interest in mathematical apparently no record of which rooms he ningham's obituary the following, physics, but in particular his involvement used in the college during this time, but in the controversy over the nature of tran­ we do know that there are twenty four He perceived that he could not treat of sparent media, which led him into specimens of his in the Museum Collec­ animal remains preserved in fossils geology. tion in the University and it has been sur­ without a knowledge of comparative "He came to the conclusion (1849) mised that he occupied rooms in the anatomy, and the readiest means of; obtaining this knowledge appeared to that it was only by the study of the Museum Building after it was built in him to lie in the thorough study, in the facts of reflection and refraction that 1857. the question could be decided, and with Jessop quoted the opinion of Professor first instance, of hwnan anatomy. He this end in view he made a great Holland in the Geology Department in was thus led to enter the Medical nwnber of laborious observations on Trinity as to the merit of Haughton's School, and consequently we find him the refraction of polarised light from work, and reported his professional asses­ at the advanced age of thirty-eight, many substances. The results he · ob­ sment thus, and already a Fellow of the Royal tained remain as a monwnent to his in­ Society, already widely known as a "Haughton's contribution in the mathematician and geologist, undergo­ dustry and a pennanent contribution geological sciences seem to be a reflec­ to science, although the controversy as ing all the drudgery attending a course tion of his whole career in that they of professional study (Ref 28). to the nature of transparent media has deal with so many branches. Regional drifted into new channels, owing to the geology, stratigraphy, palaeontology, This remarkable decision by Haughton, is development of electromagnetic theory mineralogy, petrology, structural passed over in all his biographical of light." geology and economic geology are all documentations without couunent. Such (Ref 20) included. His publication of rock, an incredible tum of events, is hardly The mathematical theory of light had analysis was an innovation in those without precedent in the history of science been greatly developed in Dublin by Mac­ days and in effect it was part of the and certainly demands some explanation. Cullagh and Lloyd, but in particular by beginning of geo-chemistry. His use of The fact that Haughton decided to em­ Sir William Rowan Hamilton (Ref 21), the distortion of fossils to measure the bark on a new course of study by taking who is undoubtedly today Ireland's most development in rocks is something medicine, in the very same year that the famous mathematician. Hamilton's great which remains significant in modem Origin appeared, can hardly be coin­ triumph in this field was his theoretical times." cidence, especially when his subsequent prediction of conical refraction (Ref 22), It has also been noted, perhaps not research is considered, and in particular which was subsequently experimentally surprisingly, that Haughton used a very his monumental work, The Principles of discovered by Lfoycf. Haugliton's work on mathematical approach in his geological Animal Mechanics (Ref 29). Conse­ light must be seen very much as a con­ work, and that his use of chemical and quently, for the writer, the only possible tinuity of these earlier studies, but his physical experimental techniques make reason for Haughton's decision to become work is significant not only because of its his research in his early period of special a medical student in 1859, was the ex­ painstaking nature but also because he note. igencies of the fundamentally important used the then, very novel, and new Haughton was an anti-evolutionist and evolution debate. This is not to say that petrological (geological) polarising his mathematical, physical, chemical and he was not moving towards medicine microscope. This instrument has in­ geological training made him a most for­ before this debate by following the numerable applications in geology and he midable enemy of evolution, even in 1859 natural development of his research, was consequently soon turning his atten­ when he published his first paper on fos­ because we know that he wrote seventeen tion more and more to a long series of sTis (Ref 24), butne evident1y felt a press­ medical papers and that the first of these studies on Irish and other rocks, but es­ ing need for medical, but in particular was contributed to the Royal Irish pecially granites. He thereby became a anatomical knowledge at about this time. Academy in 1856, three years before this geologist through his purault of It was of course in 1859 the Origin of date. This paper was entitled mathematics. the Species was first published by "Physiological experiments on strychnine This geological orientation in his Charles Darwin (Ref 25) and that his and nicotine" and suggested that nicotine researches is very evident in this 'second' 'Generalissimo' Thomas Henry Huxley may be an antidote for the poison period and he pursued a number of other (Ref 26) began his historic campaign on strychnine. Incidently, later a Dr. O'Reilly researches at this time which have impor­ behalf of the theory of evolution largely who knew of this paper, saved a man's life tant geological implications; these were because of the retiring nature of its in St. Louis after he had taken six grains experimental studies on suspended pen­ author who allowed his "bulldog" to fight of strychnine, by repeatedly infusing half dulums and on barometric pressure, and his battles. Haughton in Dublin, would a cigar in half a pint of water. theoretical work on the tides around the have perhaps been the best leader of the Haughton had become a member of the 10 . - ---- ...... :u.... -.." .. coo.a.UJ. '-'«HlIJtUl§U ~ ., - - - - ··--J --, .. ,----· -- 1vc puuuc examina- 18 4 5, the same year as he first became a student who began his studies in 1859. tions in mainland Britain. Booth's member of the Royal Irish Academy on Haughton was a man of religious con­ propaganda proved decisive and con­ whose Council he subsequently was to viction, whose attachment to the Church tributed enonnously to getting the great serve for thirty years from time to time of Ireland was apparently more than a Examination Movement under way, while during the remainder of hie life (Ref 30). mere convenience it afforded him by al­ personally he initiated the very important He was to receive the early distinction of lowing him to hold his paaitiona in Dublin Society of Arts' Examinations in 1856 being elected to the prestigious Royal University. His Fellowship was however (Ref 32). The author is at present col­ Society in London, in fact three years contingent on the taking of holy orders, laborating with Frank Foden and this will before he was first elected a Council which he consequently did in 1844, the hopefully lead in due course to a book, member of the Royal Irish Academy in year he obtained his Fellowship. He had which will detail the life of this important 1861. He had earlier written to John of course been brought up by Quaker contemporary of Haughton. The author Tyndall at the Royal Institution in parents, but they had ceased to be active­ has however just completed a book on the London enquiring as to how he might get ly involved in the Society of Friends after educational work of the other great elected to the Royal Society and had been their marriage and consequently it could .Carlow scientist, John Tyndall (Ref 33), encouraged by his fellow Carlowmen and not have been too much of a wrench for which goes into considerable detail on his probably assisted in obtaining hie elec- . him to become a minister in the then es­ examination work and which shows many tion. A year before this, he had become a tablished church. His religious views were Trinity influences. The inescapable fact is member of the Council of the Royal however highly significant in his career that in Victorian times the written ex­ Zoological Society of Ireland and four and these more than any other factor, amination was seen as a method of social years later he was to take the onerous job detennined his anti-evolutionary scien­ refonn, and it is therefore hardly surpris­ of Honorary Secretary, which he was to tific stance, which has ahnoet certainly ing that examinations were so popular in fill for twenty one years. He was also an blighted his reputation in the eyes of Ireland, where at the time, patronage was active manager of Royal Geological science in the first half of this century. rife. There is actually a tie up here Society of Ireland in which he served suc­ His religion has also probably largely between Tyndall, Haughton and cessively as Secretary, President and destroyed the influence of hie educational Galbraith, which is detailed in the Treasurer. The committee demands on work in Ireland, because the intellectual Leighlinman's biography (Ref 34). In his Haughton therefore radically increased protestant ascendancy of Trinity, of role as Military Examiner for Physics, during the three years he was a medical which Haughton is but one of the greatest Tyndall, had been involved in a small student, and it must be remembered that 19th century examples, received a jolt in controversy by drawing attention to the the routine of lectures and hospitals, dis­ the revolutionary struggles in our own excellency of the physics answers of the ectiona and laboratory work, were all in century, from which it will probably never 1856 Trinity College candidates in a let­ addition to his duties as Fellow of Trinity recover. Haughton's religion however, ter to The Times, because these can­ College and Professor of Geology at the clearly was a spur and a guide in hie didates had been completely overlooked in University. scientific work, and this must be taken the chief examiners reparts. It is in­ His research continued during these into account when his work is being con­ teresting to note that Haughton had in days and he wrote three medical papers sidered, and especially when assessing hie fact not been deterred, despite all his on urine during this time of renewed stu­ educational contribution. other commitments, from organising with dent studies, all of which he submitted to THE EDUCATIONALIST his great friend Galbraith, these time con­ the Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Samuel Haughton was a major figure suming classes for students preparing for Science. In his first paper, he reparted his in Irish education in the second half of the the public examinations for commissions researches on healthy urine; in the second nineteenth century and a man whose in­ in the Artillery and Royal Engineers. urine in health and disease and the third fluence became of some real international Haughton and Galbraith's students were the effect of diabetes on urine, which con­ importance. His educational work was in­ the moat successful candidates in the tained speculations which were wide of extricably linked with that of his close history of these examinations in Ireland. the mark. His geological researches con­ friend, the Rev. Joseph Allen Galbraith In connection with these classes these tinued, but at a somewhat reduced level (Ref 31), who received so little attention two men published a aeries of excellent during these strenuous years, but his ex­ from his contemporaries that only manuals, which subsequently became text perimental and physical researches ap­ minimal biographical details of his life books for the general use of Trinity Col­ pear to have received somewhat of a appear to have survived. Probably, lege, but these were used extensively stimulation, as he published a paper on Haughton here bears the main reepan­ elsewhere because they were written at a all of the following topics, elasticity of sibility for not writing a full obituary of time when college and school text books in materials, experiments to determine his friend, but in any event, little remains scientific subjects were beginning to ap­ velocity of rifle bullets, tides, wind, except for details of hie Trinity appaint­ pear for the first time. Haughton'e own storms, rainfall and animal mechanics. ment and publications. These two men examination papers were rriodele of Special attention should in fact be drawn collaborated very closely in their clarity. to his work on tides, which continued for educational work and it would be quite many years and included his very futile to attempt to evaluate their respec­ Haughton'a role as a text book writer laborious but highly significant 1854 and tive educational contributions and this demands some special comment. The 1864 studies on Duimal and Semiduimal will not be attempted here. Galbraith and Haughton Scientific Tides on the coasts of Ireland, based on Haughton's educational views are very Manual, were published in many observations from many stations made much a product of the refonning Trinity volumes between 1851 and 1864. These under the directions of the Royal Irish science tradition of the 19th century. Un­ volumes are on the subjects, Elementary Academy, in 1850 and 1851. He also questionably, the greatest single factor in Mathematica (1851), Plane made interesting speculations from his this tradition and one which dominates Trigonometry (1851), Arithmetic (1855 tidal knowledge on a murder of a certain Haughton's thinking on education, was 2nd Ed), Astronomy (1855), Euclid Book Mrs. Kirwan in 1852 and in another dis­ the universities examination tradition. I and Il (1856), Books I-VI in 2 volumes cussed the consequences of Tides on the This tradition so inspired the Leitrim (1859-63), Hydrostatics (1854), Optics battle of Clontarf. In any event he ob­ man, the Rev. Jamee Booth, a fellow stu­ (1854), Mechanics (1854), Experimental tained his M.B. and M.D. Hiem in 1862 dent with Haughton, that he embarked, and Natural Science Series, 4 volume. which was a full ten years after he had ob­ according to some authorities, almost (1859-65), Algebra Part 1 (1860), Tides tained his M.A. Vern, but this period was cf "ingle handedly in the 1840a on a very and Tidal Currents (1862 2nd Edition), 11 ...;11,,0QJ.U .&:..a.19.uu,;i \.a.Wicklow. (c) Two baronies: Rathvilly and Shillelagh. It was always renowned as 1. MONUMENTS IN STATE CARE a landmark and as a meeting place. There is an outstanding view from the stone and is easily reached since the Forestry Dept. National provided a pathway to it from the forest Site Monument No. Townland road. There is an unusual shaped Mass Tree at The Glen which is at the far end of Killalongford lane. In this lane also is Cloghaphile 347 Aghade the birthplace of John McCall the famous Ballyloughan Castle 361 Ballyloughan historian and writer. He was born on Ballymoon Castle 486 Ballymoon 16th August, 1822. The first member of the McCall family settled here in Kil­ Carlow Castle 308 Carlow lalongford from Kinelfarry, Co. Tyrone in White Chapel 393 Killoughtemane 1606. John McCall left home to work in The Black Castle 438 Leighlinbridge Dublin when he was 1 7 years old and in NumeyCross 362 Nurney 1856 be bought a public house 25, Monastery of Tech Patrick Street and it was a home from home for all the carters from Carlow, Moling 3 St. Mullins Wicklow and Wexford. In those pre­ Medieval Slab 4lS2 Strarbor railway days they brought butter, com and other produce to the Dublin market in carts made with a rough wooden body, 2. MONUMENTS PROTECTED BY PRESERVATION ORDERS wooden axle and log wheels. John McCall married a Miss Newport a member of an old south Wexford family. He was keenly interested in literature, history, folklore and music. His writings Preservation on local history and the folklore of Clon­ Site Order No. Townland more which he loved, are treasures for posterity. His "Address to Clonmore" is ·unequalled for its comprehensive account of the monastery and the castle. Gallaun 8lS Ardristan He contributed articles to every Jour­ nal that fostered the Irish tradition and culture. John died on January 18th, 1902 3. MONUMENTS PROTECTED BY LISTING ORDERS aged 80 years. P. J. McCall, his son, was born on March 6th, 1861 and probably became more famous than his father as a Llstlng Townland poet and composer of song and verse. A few of his more noted ballads include: Site Order No. "Kelly from Killane," "Boolavogue", "Haste to the Wedding" and "Follow me up to Carlow''. 1>. J. suceeded his father DinnRighor jn the business in 25 Patrick St. He Ballyknockan Moat Ballyknockan retired in 1918 but died on March 5th, 3/2/80 1919. Both he and his father John are in­ Mt. Browne Portal terred in Glasnevin. Their memory is only Tomb 23/7/70 Kemanstown commemorated by a plaque on the house Rindort 7/6/72 Kilcarrig I 14 Frank O'Meara Carlow Artist ------By Mrs. Amy Monahan------

CARLOW-BORN artist Frank O'Meara There are three paintings by Frank The two other paintings are smaller - was totally unknown in his home town un­ O'Meara in the National Gallery Dublin. one called "October of an old crone". Where til quite recently. A research student, There is a large one on display downstairs are his other pictures? In France, or in Julian Campbell, wrote to me asking for called "Towards Night and Winter." It is some house in Ireland? When Miss any information available locally. reproduced in Painters of Ireland by Anne O'Meara's house at the Burrin Bridge Although my husband remembered his Crookshank, and the Knight of Glin. It is was sold, someone is said to have bought niece, Miss Madeleine O'Meara from the described as a typical Lepage peasant a picture off a rubbish cart for £2.00. 1930's, there seemed to be no local lore scene. 'The lady is gathering an apronful of Could this have been by the artist Frank about the artist. sticks by a pond outside a village which O'Meara - or have his grand nephews or Frank O'Meara was the son of Dr. could be Carlow or anywhere in France. nieces any of his paintings? Perhaps Thomas O'Meara, of Carlow. He was The painting is in clean clear colours, very someone can throw further light on born in Carlow on 30 March 1853, and unlike Victorian paintings. Carlow artist Frank O'Meara or his died in Carlow of malaria caught in works. France on 15 October 1888. He is buried in the family mausoleum at Bennekerry chapel, county Carlow, along with his parents and his brothers and sisters. His brother Dr. William O'Meara was married to a sister of Mrs. Ina Brown, Myshall wife of Paul Brown, Carlow solicitor. - The doctor and the solicitor were married By Marian HenneSBy to sisters. My husband remembers having tea with Mr. and Mrs. Paul Brown in their house, demolished in the 1950's, sometime in the swruner of 1933. The name Myshall is derived from TOWNSLANDS OF THE PARISH Dr. O'Meara, brother of the artist, and Magh-iseal which means "low plain". The village and parish lie at the foot of Mt. Taken from J. Rinsyster L.T.R.W. 4th father of Miss Madeleine O'Meara, had a May 1839. pack of hounds - the Carlow Harriers. Leinster, which rises some 2,610 feet His daughter Miss Madeleine O'Meara, over them. BALLAUGHMORE - Bealach Mor - had a sister who was married to David It is a place rich in history and tradi­ Great Road. Property of Mr. Clarke of Smithers. They had a son who is still tion, a history and tradition that speaks Dublin. Let in fanns of from 15 to 40 alive (infonnation from Mr. W. Duggan). of a faith as solid and strong as the moun­ acres at from 20s. to 30s per Irish acre. The father of Dr. William O'Meara, and tains which tower above it. Fuel got from Coolasnaghta. the artist Frank, was born in 1815 and In the village its elf there is an ancient church ruins. It is believed by the BEALALA W - Beal a Lagha - Mouth died in 1874, and is buried in Benneker­ or gorge of the hill Property of the Earl of ry. people that this church was built by the Cooke family, who had large properties in Bessburough. Frank O'Meara may have been BOOLLENACREE - Baile na Cre - educated at Knockbeg, but this is not this part of the county. There is a holy well about 20 yds. to the east of the town of the clay. Property of J. Whelan known. His father, the doctor, treated a Esq. of Rath near Tullow. Jesuit who was living in Knockbeg, and Church ruins. This is known as "Tobar saved hiR lifP.. . Brid" (St. Brigid's Well). A feast or pat­ BALLINRUSH - Baile on Rius - town - He studied m Paris under Carolus Dunn, tern used to be held there on the 14th of the wood. Property of Mr. Baggot of and lived in an artist's colony at Grez-sur­ Sept. This is the Feast of the Holy Cross, Castle Baggot near Dublin. Loing in the forest of Fontainebleau. (Infor­ the Titular feast of the parish. Around CAPPAWATER - Ceapach Bhaiteir - mation from Julian Camobell). here also is a old burial ground. In the Walthers tillage plot. Property of Mr. A reterence to these days occurs in present chapel several priests are buried. Thompson, Carlow. Let in one fann at James Pope Hennessy's biography of According to the Registry of 1 704 30s. per Irish acre on a lease of 31 years Robert Louis Stephenson at page 99.: Myshall was united to the parish of Bal­ or 3 lives. lon under the pastorship of Rev. Mor­ Writing of the days at Grez-sur-Loing, CLASHGANNY - Clois Gamimhe - when Frank was 23 years old, in 1876, tough Doyle. Sand Pit. Property of the Earl of Bes­ Pope Hennessy wrote: sburough. "Soon there were endless complications The tciwnsland of Myshall was at the Hotel Chevillon. Belle Osborne, the property of Mr. Brady of CLONNEE - Cluain Aodha - Hugh's described by one young American as a Myshall, Mr. Baggot of Dublin and Ma­ lawn or meadow. Property of the Earl of bewitching girl of seventeen with eyes jor Cornwall. It was let in fanns of from 5 Bessburough. Let in fanns. to 40 acres at from 15s. to 40s. per Irish so large as to be out of drawing, was KILMAGLUSH - Cill Maighe Gcaise - loved by Pardessus but herself was in acre, with some leases of 31 years. (year 1839) Church of the Green Plain. Property of love with another admirer, a handsome the Earl of Court.own. Irish boy of twenty-three, who carried a The road which runs at the bottom of blackthorn shillelagh, and was named the lawn (site of Myshall Lodge) is known LISMACONL Y - Lios Mic Conghaile - Frank O'Meara." as the "Croppy Road". It is about 1 mile MacConly's fort. Property of Mr. Clarke Belle's mother eventually married in length. This was built by the in­ of Dublin. Robert Louis Stephenson, who was also a surgents when they had to enrol SHANGARRY - Old Garden. Property member of the painters' colony at Grez­ themselves in a labour force at Cornwall's of Mr. Baggot. There was once a thatched sur-Loin11:. comtnlll!d_. (hence the "Croppy Road") __corn mill her.e. 15 .Reg.No. Object Townland Reg. No.

Human bones (not pre11erved) Ca•tlegrace 1928: 454 1944: 875-6 2 Medieval pot•herd• Ca•tlemore S.A. 1928: 456 Iron axe Stone axe ClHhganny 1928: 457 1959 : 735, 736 2 Poli•hed •tone u:ehead• Clogrenan 1928: 458 1960: 596 Wooden fork Clogrenan 1928 : 459-78 14 Fragment• 1933: 566 Socketed bronze u:ehead Clonmore (A,B) (461, + (463 - 4 Long Bones ( 1902: 109 Stone mace-head or "battle-u:e" Clonmore (459, 460, 462, type II Cremation (

1941: 1252 Bronze Bpearhead Coolmanagh 1928: 628 Food veHel Lower 1972: 176 Stone mortar 1977: 1214 Stone diBC Coolna•heegan

P.1948: 111 Bronze axehead (IIOCketed) Craan• 1972: 179 Stone mortar

Human Bones Cro•mee/ Graigue 1973: 50 Granite bould depreHion P.1949 :27 Bronze Bpearhead (loop• on IIOCket) Eaglehill 1957: 342 Stone mould f1 1973: 46 Human •keleton, fragmentary Garryhundon 1934 : 428-31 Food veBBel: d 1932: 6 Bone needle from "Um" burial, Glenoge Skeletal rem at "Cloch Stuachach" on farm. cremation ((4: (Um - clHB not known - lOBt) Flint Flake (

1930:518 Sword; bronze Rlver Barrow 1956: 3 Bronze Rapier Graigue 1933: 263 Pewter box, o 1930: 519 Bronze •word : fragmented Rlver Barrow Graigue 1971: 1013 Stone mortar

1933: 1258 Stone u:ehead Rlver Barrow 1970: 168 Stone "lamp" Graigue 1945: 309 Food VesBel (\1 1929: 1372 Oak paddle Huntington 1928: 432 Food VeBBel (, Bone needle (pig• ftbula) ldrone Weet

1970: 152 Stone "lamp" Kelli•town 1928: 433 Food VeeBel ( Ea•t

1970: 150 Stone lamp Kelli•town 1928: 434 Food VeBBel ( We•t

1933: 4 Bronze ring Kilballyhue 1928: 435 Food VeeBel (

1933: 74 Flint, point, butt, broken Kilballyhue 1928: 436 Food Ve•Bel (, Rotary quem, upper •tone Kilbride

1928: 447, A.B. Fragment• 2 food VeBBelB, probably Ballon 1928: 437 Food VeBBel (, (decorated) 1928:449 Stone diBC perforated Ballon I 1928: 438 Food VeBBel 1928:450 Stone Pillar - Lamp Ballon 1928: 439 Food VeeBel 1928: 451 Bronze 1pearhead with 1ide loop1 Ballon

1928: 452 Bronze u:e (IOCketed and decorated) Ballon 1928: 440 FoodVeHel

1928 :453 Bronze u:e (IOCketed) Ballon I 1928: 441 RlmofCine SA 1928: 455 Ironu:e Ballon 16 sitions from County Carlow

Townland Reg. No. Object Townland

I 1928 : 442 Rim ofLar1e Cinerary Um BallonHlll Ballon -shaped) Ballon 1928 : 443 Cinerary Um (dama1Jed) BallonHlll Ballon Ballon

1ickle Ballon 1928 : 444 Cinerary Um (decorated) Ballon fill Ballon Ballon 1928 : 445 Cinerary Um (plain) BallonHlll kull Ballon ) ' tr~ entary) 1928: 445 Food Ve1111els, Cinerary Ums BallonHlll ,) Ballon -78j + B)) 1928: 446 CineraryUm Ballon Ballybit P.1949; 52a, 52b Sherd of Medieval pottery. A1hade Ballybit P.1949: ft2a Uttle Sherd of 1Jlazed ware. Ballybit P.1949: ft2b Uttle RSAI. 321, 319, 319 Stone Object (321) Ardnehue th cylindrical Ballycook Stone Ball (319) Stone Object (319) at axeheads Bally1Jlisheen RSAI. 319 or 321 Pottery rim sherd. Ardnehue rated (428) Ballyhacket RSAI. 319,320 Bone pin, Stone hammer, Ardnehue (lnhumation, Upper Stone achehead, Bone comb 430) Iron ,word scabbard

RSAI. 320 Iron object, tra,ment of Ardnehue Dag1er Ballyklldufl' scabbard. Ballyknockan W.14 Py1Jmycup

BallymolJUe 1967: 209 Flat copper u:ehead Balla1hmore

BallymolJUe - Stone lamp Ballinastraw

Ballymurphy 1933 : 262 Stone axehead Balllnldllln

BallonHlll 1928: 430 Food vessel (decorated) BallonHlll Ballon Ballon

BallonHlll 1928: 431 Food Vessel Ballon fill Ballon Ballon

BallonHlll X170 Flat axehead, decorated tra,ment Co. Carlow Ballon 1939: 413 Bronze u:ehead River Barrow Ballon Hill District Ballon Record Food Vessel KillerrilJ Ballon Hill Ballon W.14 Py1JmyCup "Knocknacoura ' Ballon Hill 1936: 1987 Bronze ffat axehead BallybelJ Bo1J Ballon Ballymurphy

rated) Ballon Hill 1933 : 604 Stone axehead Ballysalla1h Ballon Lower

a1ed) BallonHlll 1934 : 11, 123 Stone axehead Ballysalla1h Ballon Lower Ballon Hill 1939:412, 413 Bronze axehead,, socketed (2) River Barrow Ballon District Um Ballon Hill A further list of items will appear in next years Journal Ballon 17 .History of bands in Carlow Town From llro - 1950 This is a short account of The Carlow Scouts disbanded in 1916 owing to the Workmans Club Brass Band, The Fianna By Joseph Ellis political situation in the country. Scouts _Pipers and The Carlow Pipers Bands in the first half of this century. Joseph McDarby, John Joe Hayden were THE CARLOW PIPER'S BAND My father was a founder member of the pipers. Thomas Barnett was Bass The Carlow Workmans Club in 1898. He Drummer. There were no side drummers The Carlow Piper's Band was was also a founder member of The Carlow in this Band. organised by Joseph McDarby and John Workmans Club Brass Band and Mr. Michael Farrell of Graiguecullen Joe Hayden in 1917. They had been Honorary Secretary. Michael who had been , a piper in an Irish Regi­ pipers in the disbanded Fianna Band. O'Hanrahan who was executed for his ment of the British Anny was their Tutor. Mr. John Duggan of Brownstown the part in the rising of 1916 was a founder My brother Liam was leading piper; he Curragh was their Tutor. The members of member of both Club and Brass Band. was also Scout Bugler. He· gave me my the Band were: Pipers: Joseph McDarby, He was a personal friend of my father. first lessons on the practice Chanter. In John Joe Hayden, Edward Keyes, Patrick The Band was in constant demand for giving me the lesson on the grace note Lyons, James Mooney, Robert Phillips, functions of all kinds. Processions to the with the little finger, Mr. Farrell told him Thomas Malone, William Payne; Gerald Croppy graves were held every year from the easiest way to explain it was "as you Mooney Bass Drummer; Sean O'Neill, 1900 to 1915, in November, on the An­ raise it, strike it twice". This grace note is Richard Ellis, John McDarby, Side niversary of the Manchester Martyrs. known as the Pipers Pride. Drummers. Michael Hayden, Flag man, The Band attended all these Processions. It was an impressive sight to my young later Bass Drummer. Brother McKenna's Choir sang patriotic mind, then 5 years old, to see the scouts The uniforms were made by Gleeson's songs accompanied by the Band in the on parade, from their headquarters in the Irish Costume Makers, Upper O'Connell 1915 Procession. Four of my family Christian Brother's Schools, College Street, Dublin. Four sets of pipes and played in the Band that day: my father; Street, led by their Officers, Patrick Bass Drum and Fianna Flag were given to brqthers John, Liam and Richard. The McDennott, James Leonard, George Mc­ them by the disbanded Fianna Band. Fianna Pipers also played in that Proces­ Camey, Sean O'Farrell, Peter Breen, These instruments and four more sets of sion. My brother Liam played with both Joseph McCamey and John Ryan troop pipes and side drums were supplied by Bands that day; he played the comet as leader. The Fianna Band played at a11 · McCullogh Bagpipe Makers, Dublin. well es the pipes. The members of the these parades led by the Flag, the Sun­ The Bandroom was the Old Band room Band made flags and banners; I burst. As the Parade passed the of the Carlow Workman's Club, Brown remember the picture of Robert Emmett Cathedral the Officers saluted with drawn Street which was then known as The Sinn taken from the frame and fastened to a swords. Fein Club. The Carlow 1.R.A. held their banner to be carried in the Procession. Brother McKenna was a lover of Irish meetings there. My mother took Frank and myself to hear music. He trained a choir which sang at They attended sports fixtures and the Bands. I can still hear the strains of Feiseanna and Irish Concerts in the Town Aeriocht and political meetings in the the dead 1narch "The vacant Chair" also Hall. My brother Dick was a member of County. They won many prizes at known as "Parnell's Requiem", as the this choir. He used sing for me some of Feiseanna and Pipe Band Competitions. Band passed down Castle Hill. the songs Brother McKenna composed. The Band was often harrassed by the There were excursions from Dublin on The one I remember is "The Song of the R.I.C. who tried to capture the Flag. the anniversary of The Manchester Mar­ Fianna". Their Pipe Major, Joseph McDarby was tyrs. The Band often went to Dublin to "Hark to the call of the Fianna arrested for the Band attending a play at Commemoration Ceremonies. It Banded like brothers in fealty proscribed meeting and spent a year in an attended feiseanna in Carlow, Tullow and Ready and bold like the Knights of old English Prison. James Mooney also Bagenalstown by Canal boat. On Sighing to serve their country. served a prison sentence for his activities Christmas Ev,e and New Years Eve they Pure be your hearts and tongues in the LR.A. played suitable music in various parts of Ever let your conscience guide you When the Free State was formed, John the Town. When your country calls you Duggan, Tutor of the Band joined the To the best of my knowledge the Gladly do we obey her Anny and trained the first Irish Warpipe members were, Thomas Trundle, Richard We must always be ready Band in the Army. He married a Clifford, John Clifford, John O'Neill, Cowards only count the labour". daughter of Mr. John O'Neill, Printer, Edward Warren, Patrick Kelly, Patrick He composed a song to the air of "Fol­ College Street. He was followed by Little, Seth Dunne, Edward Kinsella, low me up to Carlow" for which I rememb­ Patrick Lyons who also had charge of a John Kinsella, William Kelly, Henry er the first verse. Pipe Band. Several other members of the Harvey, Thomas Burke, John Mullins, "Follow me up to Carlow lads Band joined the army and Garda Richard Martin Mullins, William Ellis, Robert lads and lassies heigh we go. Ellis re-organised the Band in 1922. New Kelly and John Kelly. Limber and light of heel and toe members were trained by Richard Ellis, The Carlow Workmans Club Brass There's frolic and fun at Carlow". Drums and James Mooney Pipes. When Band disbanded in 1916. My brother Uam took me to see the James Mooney went to England to work, Brother McKenna of the Christian ceremony of the blessing and presenting Robert Phillips became Pipe Major; he Brothers organised a troop of The Fianna of The Fianna Eireann Flag by Fr. Bur­ remained Pipe Major until he retired in Eireann Scouts in Carlow Town in 1913. bage. I was five years old in 1914. 1944. Brother McKenna designed and painted THE FIANNA SCOUTS BAND this Flag. The blessing ceremony was held In 1926, Richard Ellis resigned. I was Brother McKenna fonned the first in the playground of the Christian elected Hon. Secretary. I joined the Band Irish Warpipe Band in Carlow Town in Brothers Schools, College Street. The in 1922 at the age of 13. My brother 1913. Liam Ellis, Martin O'Rourke, Flag was borne up_~ 1938. The Fianna Frank joined at the age of 12 and became ,a

"' Carlow Pipers Band June 29th 1919. Back l., tor. Edward Keye1, John Joe Hayden, Paddy LyonB, Tom Malone, James Mooney, Michael Hayden, Gerald Mooney. Front l. tor. Richard El­ lis, Bob Phillips, Joe McDarby, Sean O'Neill, Sean O'Neill in the only 1ur- vivin1 member.

leading drummer for several years. thews was a non playing member but a In 1946, as most of the old members. The Band was in constant demand for tireless worker for the Band. had left, I re-organised the Band and sports fixtures and meetings of all kinds. In 1936, the Band got new unifonns. trained a new generation of pipers and In 1932, the Band won a prize at the They were made by Mr. Quinn, Tailor, drummers. After 2 7 years a playing Tailteann Games. At an all Ireland Pipe John St. Patrick McGamhna was patron member, Hon. Sec., and Pipe Major I Band Competition in Limerick in 1932, and friend of the Band. Every Easter resigned and trusted the young Band the Band won the Garryowen Cup. They Sunday he organised Commemoration would continue as long as their predeces­ won many prizes at Feiseanna and Pipe Ceremonies in various parts of the sors. For over thirty years the Carlow Band Competitions during the thirties. In country. The B1µ1d attended all these Piper' s Band paraded from the those years the members were Garret ceremonies. The Fianna Band never Workman's Club to the command of the Hearns, Flagman for 16 years, Robert played a lament. The Carlow Pipers Pipe Major. Ready, with the rolls, one, Phillips, Pipe Major, John Brady, Joseph played "Wrap the Green Flag"; this was two. Ellis, Patrick O'Connor, Charles Lyons the only lament played until I composed a I will end this history of Bands in Thomas James, John Doyle, John Nolan, lament and called it "The Carlow Piper's Carlow Town with a verse of a song by James Bohanna, Christopher Byrne, lament". The lament was last played at' Brother McKenna: Joseph Dunne. They were the Pipers. the funeral of Patrick Moran, Bass Patrick Moran was Bass Drummer for 20 Drummer of Carlow pipers for 20 years. "Over all our Emerald Island years, John Hayden, James Kelly, Patrick During the Emergency the Band joined Hearts are throbbing with delight Payne, Henry Harvey, William James, the L.D.F. in 1940 and played on route Ireland's night of sorrow is ending Thomas Sunderland were the side drum· marches and at Annual Camp in Freedoms dawn is now in sight" mers. Robert Farrell, Joseph Smith, Wil- Tramore, but remained a civilian Band Do cwn gl6ir Dia agus on6ra na _liam Kenny, Tenor Drums. Richard Mat- though the L.D.F. wished to take us over. hEireann. · 19 ~t. \.io1man 01 ~traaoa11y ------By Mi111 Johanna O'Dooley------

FEW towns in Ireland can boast ofsuch a Laoiseach, who, as we already know, honour of his friend and fonner disciple, beautiful situation as the little town of founded the Kingdom of Laois. He is cal­ Cohnan of Oughval. Stradbally, Co. Laois. To see it properly, led Mac Ua Laoighise to distinguish him Some time after this occurence certain you should approach it by the Carlow from the many other Cohnans, whose persons arrived in Iona from Leinster, road or by the Portlaoise road. You will names are found in our Irish Mar­ who infonned the monks of Cohnan's then be rewarded by a panorama of rare tyrologies. death. Day and date coincided with beauty and chann. As a young man imbued with religious Columbcille's vision. I can never enter Stradbally without zeal, St. Cohnan went to Iona to visit St. His feast is kept on the 15th May. On pausing to feast my eyes on its wonderful Colwnbcille and seek his advice. Having that date, according to Martyrology of prospect of undulating wood-crowned hills lived for some time in the society of that Donegal, Cohnan Mac Ua Laoighise of cultivated almost to their swnmits and great saint, he conceived the desire of Nuadhconghbhail, in Druim an Trochair diversified with varying tints of green and returning to his native land, but was loth i.e. Nua Congbhail in Laoighis of Leinster gold. In the words of the psahnist it is "A to leave Iona. St. Colwnbcille, who pas­ died. There he led a holy life, and passed land overflowing with milk and honey." sionately loved Ireland, but who had away to taste the waters of eternal life. Its beauty is beyond description. You made himself an exile through his great should see it for yourselves. love of God (pro Christe amore), sym­ SAINT FACHTNA pathised with the yearning of his young There is another saint connected with THE OLD TOWN disciple and advised him to return home. Oughvals in the country we cannot be Stradbally, or more correctly, "But how can I confess my sins to you, Congbhail, whose feast is kept on the Straidbhaile Laoighise - for thus it was holy father, if I return to Ireland?" ex­ 19th January. As there are many known to the Four Masters and up to re­ claimed the young man. "Go, my son, to Oughbals in the country we cannot be cent times, by the people of the district - St. Fintan of Clonenagh, that pious man, sure that this St. Fachtna belongs to the is, as its name implies, the oldest town in whom I see standing among the angels Oughval of Stradbally or not. There is no Laois. It grew up originally around the and before the tribunal of Christ on each mention of Laoighis in reference to him. castle of the O'Moores, viz the Castle of Sunday night. Let him be your His name appears in a poem, written by Palace, fonnerly the residence of Rory anamchara (spiritual guide)." Cui.min of Connor, about the year 656. Caoch O'Moore and other chiefs of Laois. Thus with the benediction of Colwnb­ "Fachtna the generous and steadfast, When the castle was dismantled by the cille he set sail for Ireland. Having arrived loved Cosbys, the town, inhabited chiefly by the there he placed himself under the tuition To instruct the crowds in concert. retainers of the O'Moores, disappeared of St. Fintan. He never spoke that which was mean, and left but few traces. The present town It is generally understood that St. Nor ought but what was pleasing to the owes its origin to the Cosby family. Cohnan founded his monastery before the Lord." I regret to state that the amount of in­ death of St. Fintan. We know little about fonnation, as yet available, concerning him, except that he followed the THE OLD CHURCH the ancient town is very meagre. Colwnban Rule, and that he was styled It is commonly believed that the old Episcopus Lageniesis i.e. a bishop of monastery of Oughval existed down to the OUGHVAL Leinster. This does not mean that he was 9th century, when it was destroyed by the Stradbally parish, .since the 17th cen­ the ruler of a diocese. Rather, it suggests Danes. It is possible that some portion of tury, consists of the union of several that he was a chorepiscopus, viz a bishop, the monastery is included in the ruined parishes i.e. Oughval, Timahoe, Fossy, whose episcopal functions were confined pile which crowns the height of Druim an Timogue, Kilcohnanbreac, Cordone and to the monastery of which he was abbot. Tochair. The walls are six feet thick, and Moyanna. There were many such chorepiscopi in the portions appear to be of medieval struc­ Oughval, variously written Noghaval, early Irish Church. ture, such as the North wall and the Noghaval Noghmald, Noghwale, Nowal, square tower. It was used as a parochial Oughaval, Ochmills and Oakvale, all cor­ ST. COLMAN'S DEATH church down to the 17th century. About ruptions of the Irish name Nuadh We are uncertain as to the year of St. the beginning of the last century it was Congbhail (lit. New Habitation), is but a Cohnan's death, but we may take it for converted into a family vault or burial short distance outside the town on the granted that he died before St. Colwnb­ ground by Pole Cosby. (Anthologia Carlow road. Here on a spot, fonnerly cille, who departed this life in the year Hiberniae, September 19 7 4). known as Tulach Mhic Comghail, adja­ 597. The following story, taken from A remarkable feature of the old cent to Druim an Tochair, St. Cohnan Adaman's Life of St. Colwnbcille, con­ graveyard of Oughval is that the bodies of Mac Ua Laoighise founded a monastery firms us in this opinion. the dead decay there very slowly. This is in the 6th century. This establishment, In a vision of the night St. Colwnbcille probably owing to the nature of the soil. called Nova Habitatio (in Irish Nuadh saw St. Cohnan of Oughval being borne Formerly a deep circular fosse sur­ Congbhail), gave its name to the district. to heaven by choirs of angels. On the fol. mounted by a low wall enclosed the Druim an Tochair, viz, the Ridge Road, lowing morning, as his monks were graveyard. This was removed by the Poor also called an Bealach Mor, was the name preparing to set about their various tasks, Law Guardians, who levelled and of the great ancient highway leading from he bade them desist from all labour that enlarged the place and built the present Stradbally to Carlow. It is now a mere day; that they should keep holiday in wall. Such vandalism could only occur in lane at the back of Oughval cemetery. It honour of a great saint, Cohnan Mac Ua this country. Other countries take a pride joins the main Carlow road at the Windy La01ghise, who had passed to his reward in their monuments; we remove them by Gap. during the night. He further bade them to way of improvement! ST. COLMAN prepare some slight refreshment to Thus Tulach Mhic Chomghail - pos­ One of the three patron saints of Laois, celebrate the joyful occasion. He then of­ sibly built by the · hands of St. Cohnan he was a descendent of Lughaidh fered the Holv Sacrifice of the Mass in himself - has been improved beyond 20 the late Canon U'Hanlon, who loved every u1armme1 Mac Morrougn l1J1armme1 na :Studies 1954). stone in the old churchyard. nGall). He is addressed by Finn O Gor­ ST. MOCHUA main as "Prime Historian of Leinster in Some miles distant from Oughval, we TRADITION wisdom and knowledge and booklore, and come to Timahoe, its ancient Round There is a tradition - I do not know if science and learning." Tower silhouetted by the Fossy Moun­ it has any historical foundation - that CONTENTS OF BOOK tains. St. Mochua is one of the three the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass is offered Among the pieces contained in the patron saints of Laois, the other two are on certain stated occasions each year, in Book of Oughval (Leabhar na St. Fintan and St. Colman. When St. Rome, for the happy repose of the souls of Nuadhcongbhala) are the oldest copies of Mochua is mentioned, the question is all those interred in the old cemetery of t__q~ Dinnseanchus, The Fate of the Sons often asked: "Is this the Mochua who had Oughval. Does the tradition still exist? I of Uisneach, an incomplete copy of the the three pets?" I am sure many of you heard ft 40 years ago from an old lady, Tain Bo Cuailnge, and nwnerous other are familiar with this rather delightful lit­ who was then over 90 years of age. She pieces in prose and poetry, consisting of tle story, for those who are not I will quote was a mine of information on local historical sketches, romantic tales, it here. history. topographical tracts, geneaologies, etc. - "Mochua and Columcille lived at the She also told me that the monks in a vast collection of ancient Irish lore, con­ same time and were close friends. St. ~ their hasty flight from Oughval hid the taining in all some 1,000 pieces. Mochua was a hennit, who had not world­ sacred vessels in a well near the Collections such as the Book of ly goods but a cock, a mouse and a fly. monastery. There were many still living in Oughval were very numerous in Ireland The cock kept the hour of Matins for him. her time who could point out the exact before the age of printing, for every The mouse never let him sleeep more than J. situation of the well, which is now covered :monastery, every princely family, and. five hours, day or night, and if he should over. As a girl she often leaped, with even individuals, kept huge books of sleep longer, being weary with vigils and others, on the stone covering the well, in parchment in which to note historical prostrations, the mouse •yould fall to lick­ order to hear the jingle of the metal un­ data and treasures of literature worth ing his ear till it woke him. And the fly's derneath. I heard this story also from preserving. The monasteries and princes office was to walk along each line of his many of the old lady's contemporaries. had scribes specially trained for this Psalter as he read it, and when he was work. Of "the hosts of the books of Erin" weary with singing his psahns, the fly THE BOOK OF OUGHVAL few - comparatively speaking - are left. would abide upon the line where he left It will be of interest to the people of Many were destroyed by the Danes, off until he could return again to the say­ Straidbhaile Laoighise to learn that the many were brought to the Continent by ing of the Psalms. Book of Oughval, now commonly known early Irish Missionaries and are now lost Now it came to pass that these three as the "Book of Leinster" but formerly or hidden away in dusty archives. Of precious ones died soon after each other. known as Leabhar na Nuadhconbhala, these left, one of the oldest and not the Mochua wrote a letter to Columcille in has at last been identified with Oughval, least important is Leabhar na Alba, sor_rowinr: for the_cle ath 9f his fl~_!{. Straidbhaile Laoighise, in a recent edi­ Nuadhcongbhala. St. Columcille s reply could scarcely be tion (this was written by my late father ITS HISTORY called sympathetic, it was to the effect nearly 15 years ago) of that work by the This ancient manuscript is preserved that this is what always happens when fnstitute for Advanced Studles, and its in Trinity College, Dublin. It was you have too many worldly possessions. connection with the O'Moores definitely presented to the College by Sir John "My brother," he said, "marvel not established. It belonged to Roger Moore Seabright, whose father had purchased it that thy flock should have died, for mis­ of Ballina in 1638-39. This Roger was no from the family of Edward Llwyd, a fortune ever waits upon wealth." other than the famous Rory O'Moore, Welsh archaeologist, who had acquired it Unfortunately, or I suppose I should that we will meet, in the Rebellion of and other manuscripts in Ireland in ,say, fortunately, there were many St. 1641 and the Confederate Wars. Ac­ 1700. (See "The Book of· Leinster" ·Mochuas and tradition does not favour cording to a marginal vote in the fonnerly Leabhar na Nuadhcongbhala, ours. manuscript, it belonged to Calbach, son Sentinel - January 20th-1849. and heir of Ruairi O'Moore slain in 1567 Vast crowds assembled at an early persons and also there were extensive (was this Rory Caoch? Remember his son hours and blocked the entrance to the buildings to be let by the Barrow Naviga­ Calvach was sent to Oxford to be brought Workhouse seeking Outdoor relief. Con­ tion Co. lately in the possession of Mr. up a good, law-abiding English subject). stable- Cox and a party of Constabulary Delaney but they would require some out­ Rory Og did not die until 1578 when, ac­ were in attendance to preserve order. To lay to put them into proper repair. cording to an inquisition of the town of meet the heavy pressure the Board Mr. Fishbourne stated that many of Stradbally and Leysey (i.e. Abbeyleix) by resolved itself into sub-C01mnittees and the Guardians were in attendance when suffrance from the Prince." This Calbach sat in several rooms to hear the claims for the election of officers took place but had been granted Ballina, N. Kildare, by relief. The Board perceiving the necessity never took any part in the usual routine ,letters patent from the crown as a reward of maintaining the principle of indoor work of the Union. He thought it a for his services. relief, agreed to the tender of Mr. William hardship that all the labour should There is other evidence to connect it Dunn of Graigue on the report of Mr. A. devolve on the few who were ready to do with Oughval, Straidbhaile Laoighise and Fitzmaurice and Mr. Adam Jackson for their duty. the O'Moores viz a poem in praise of the the use of a store at a rent of £35 per an­ The Chainnan hoped there would be a O'Moores and their forebe~rs, to include nwn. The premises are in complete order sufficient nwnber in attendance from day which a portion of the Tain Bo Cualinge and capable of accormnodating 270 to day to discharge the important duties was obliterated. persons. assigned to them. This book was compiled by Finn The Board also directed the Clerk to Mr. Peter Gale next proposed the O'Gorman, bishop of Kildare (he died in advertise for a temporary auxiliary house resolution relative to procuring further ac­ 1160) and Aodh Ua Crimthainn. The within the Union capable of accom­ cormnodation for indoor patients. The editor thinks that the work is that of a modating 600 persons. Mr. Jackson resolution was passed unanimously. Mr. single scribe, who signs his name "Aodh stated that the Board could be at no loss Fishbourne stated that such a measure Hua Crimthainn wrote this book and col­ as the extensive premises of Mr. Robert would operate as a check on those who le'cted it from many books." Farrell in Centaur St., would be set and were sending in crowds to seek outdoo,. This Aodh Ua Crimthainn, was Abbott .was suitable for accommodation of 1,000 .relief. 21

------·'-'- - - --~ .ur. 1vncnae1 C,omerford

----By Philip O'Shea C.C. ----

been influenced by the personality and works of this great Bishop. He certainly would have heard at first hand about him and in fact there is a reference in the preface of Vol. I in Fitzpatrick's "Lives and Times of Dr. Doyle" to Dr. Comer­ ford. Fitzpatrick said he was thankful to Dr. M. Comerford for Dr. Doyle's letters. An tAthair Peadar Mac Suibhne came across the Baptismal lines of Bishop Michael Comerford No. 78 in 1820 - 34 hook. It states: Michael of James Comer­ ford an.ct Catherine Rooney. - Sponsors:' Rev. P. Nolan and Mary Ann Feneion. Address: Tullow St. Dated: 28th April, 1831. Paid 10/6. The Comerford's came to Carlow from To deal adequately with Dr. Michael wish is an tAthair Peadar Mac Suibhne Knockanure, Clohamon Kilrush Parish Comerford, Bishop and Historian re­ who is constantly enlarging on the work near Bunclody. The Rooneys were from quires a book and not a short article. His undertaken by Dr. Comerford. Harristown. In 1842 James Comerford most famous work is the History of the Cardinal Moran - a Carlow man too - kept a pawnbrokers establishment at 11, Diocese of Kildare and Leighlin which writing to Fr. Michael Comerford from Brown Street. The Bishop received all his was published between 1883 and 1886. Rome on 12th August, 1885 states "I Sacraments in Carlow. ·The first volume is about Bishops, the se­ hasten to infonn you that on Sunday last, It appears he was for a short time after cond about Kildare diocese and the third on the occasion of my farewell audience his Ordination in Edenderry, after which about Leighlin diocese. These volumes, by the Holy Father I presented to him in he was successively C.C. in Kill (1856), contain important detailed study and your name the 2nd volume of your most Maryboro (1857-60), Aries (1861), knowledge of Bishops, priests, people, interesting collections on the United Naas (1862) and from 1863 to 1878 events and historic places which are Diocese of Kildare and Leighlin. His C.C. Monasterevan. He became Parish worthy of our attention. He visited all the Holiness wishes me to thank you for this Priest of the same parish in 1878. places mentioned in the volwnes and ex­ valuable gift and to convey to you the His earliest publications were "The amined the antiquities in the most minute Apostolic Benediction, and at the same Three Tabernacles" , Gill & Sons, detail and they included monasteries, time to offer you his congratulations on reviewed in Irish Monthly, Vol. 5, 1877; wells, churches, schools and cemeteries. your having laboured with such unremit­ "The Pleading of the Sacred Heart", with He explained the derivation of place ting zeal in illustrating the records and Preface by the Cardinal Archbishop of names and the people associated with preserving the traditions of your native Westminister and "Handbook of the these places. He was very definite in his Diocese. Pennit me to adcf my humble Confraternity of the Sacred Heart" with judgment about people, places and, congratulations to those of the great Pon­ Introduction by J.F. (Father Joseph Far­ things. His painstaking research and tiff Leo Xlll. I have only been able to rell his curate). study were appreciated and his judgments glance over the volume but I see that it Both of these works are reviewed in respected and accepted. contains an immense variety of most in­ I.E. Record, June, 1880, P. 309. "The On 8th November, 1883 after the teresting details relating to the parishes Month of Mary for all the faithful," "The publication of the first volume, Bishop of the United Dioceses and several in­ Month of November" and the "Book of Kirby states in the 2nd volume "I had an valuable docwnents, hitherto unpublished Holy Indulgences", Duffy, were reviewed audience with the Holy Father and I which serve to illustrate the history of our in I.E. Record, 1888, p. 478. presented him with your valuable work on early Irish Church. On the 25th Sept. 1888, The bishops in the United Dioceses of Kildare Yours affectionately and devotedly, Freeman's Journal announced Dr. and Leighlin. His Holiness was graciously + Patrick, F. Card. Moran, Comerford's election by the Holy See. On pleased to accept it with thankfulness and Archbishop of Sydney". Jan. 1st 1889, he was consecrated by Dr. ·although ·he ·does not understand the That letter puts the seal on the result Walsh, Archbishop of Dublin. After his English language he was pleased to· or fruits of Dr. Michael Comerfords ef­ consecration he lived in Braganza, receive your work even as a proof of that forts. His scholarship and dedication is Carlow. Dr. Lynr!i lived in Tullow. Dr. 'love of ecclesiastical studies which it dis-, praised and appreciated by the highest Comerford, however, remained Parish closes in its learned author, and which he authority. Priest of Monasterevan all the time. Fr. ardently c!eserves to see imitated as far as When Dr. Michael Comerford was J amea Hughes was Administrator in possible by all members of the clergy. born the mighty J.K.L. was Bishop of -Monasterevan. Dr. Comerford had the Yours sincerely, Kildare and Leighlin and he lived near Cathedral re-furnished and embellished + T. Kirby. '." him, but Dr. Comerford was only four by many valuable donations. One person certainly fulfilling that when J .K.L died. He is bound to have The High Altar was consecrated by Dr. 22 stained glass window in the Sanctuary as well as the great bell which he consecrated to Our Lady of the Rosary, 29th November, 1891. He had the whole Carlow Criminal U>urt Cathedral decorated by Mannix. Before it ------Alan Doran------was completed he was seized with a fatal illness and died on 19th August, 1895. His successor Dr. Foley had the beautiful Flemish pulpit erected in 1899 in memory of Dr. Comerford. Some time ago an elderly man from Neb:vaska called on me seeking infonna­ (or maybe in a clock tower on the roof) An Obituary was printed in "The Jour­ tion about his great Grandmother who was an impressive building. In 1837 the nal of the Archaeological Society of Co. once lived near Leighlinbridge "near the Criminal Court was thrown down to a Kildare." On 19th of August our Society river". She was apparently expatriated point in line with the gable of the now lost its Vice-President by the death of the with her parents, brothers and sisters ear­ Deighton Hall and looked then much the Coadjutor - Bishop of Kildare and ly in the last century. same as you see it today. The clock could Leighlin, the Most Rev. Dr. Comerford. He said that by some kind of "Court not be accommodated in the facade of the Beside the higher qualities which fitted Order" they were forced to take seven new Court House. him for his ecclesiastical dignity and of pounds and ten shillings for their land The prisoners were held waiting trial in which this is not the place to speak, he and all they possessed and were put in a cells under the Criminal Court and it was was a man of refined tastes and most boat at 'New Ross. through the above mentior~d arch that amiable and charitable disposition. While He had been to New Ross and had the convicted prisoners were hereded still a young curate he showed his devo­ been sent from "pillar to post" in fruitless across Burrin Street and up Bridewell tion to literature by translating from the endeavour and mounting frustration. The Lane to Carlow gaol. This short distance Latin "The Three Tabernacles" a devout port authorities there had no passenger was for many the last sight and sounds of treatise- attributed to Thomas ·a Kempis, list or any record of the event. But he the things which meant life and liberty. - and several other works of devotion. wanted to know "how such a thing had Some were to go to the gallows, others But the most important work, and the one been done and who gave such people to be transferred from Carlow gaol to the which has the best right to be named authority to do so?". He was disap­ terrible rigours of prison for endless here, was his "Collections relating to the pointed in me also because I was unable years, more to the Penal settlements in Dioceses of Kildare and Leighlin". These to produce a list of "living culprits" and the distant colonies, perhaps some to join three. large volumes, the last of which was worse still I was hopelessly unclear on the the hundreds bound for New South published ten years ago by James Duffy origin and location of his people. He was Wales. At the close of the eighteenth and & Co. , contain the results of most trying to bridge a gap of four generations well into the nineteenth century hundreds laborious researches carried on through which brought us back to a period long of people from the disturbed or rebel many years, and in the midst of great dif­ before the great Famine, to days of counties of Leinster were sent to New ficulties and distractions, chiefly during crowded anonymity and uninscribed South Wales. In some cases whole the time that he was Parish Priest of marking stones on so many graves. families were expatriated and as a clear Monasterevan where one of his curates The fact that this man, his father and conviction of treason was not necessary, it was the Rev. Joseph Farrell, the gifted grandfather before him had never seen was an ideal method of getting rid of un­ author of "The Lectures of a Certain Ireland seemed to fonn a time gap or Tir­ dersirables. There the people were treated Professor". na-Og concept for him which telescoped as the lowest criminals by Governors The members of the County Kildare time through the greater part of two cen­ whose cruelty is legendary; men so far Archaeological Society can bear witness turies; a period which brought about the away from the seat of administration that to the great interest which he took in its greatest changes in human history. Yet they thought they were gods and did what works. He was one of its founders; he con­ his quest for infonnation which was at they willed with impunity. tributed several valuable papers to our once sad and ahnost amusing prompted Captain William Bligh, hero of naviga­ Journal, and he attended at our Meetings me to try and reconstruct the place, time tion and villain of "The Bounty'' wound up and Excursions whenever the duties of his and atmosphere of that long forgotten his career as Governor of the Colony of office allowed him, showing on every occa­ social injustice. New South Wales. After a few years of sion the greatest readiness to impart to If you sit on the seats at Kennedy the most scandalous and tyrannical rule others the benefit of his extensive and ac­ Avenue near the junction with Burrin he was called on to resign. Major Johnson curate knowledge of the antiquities of our Street you can watch the world go by and wrote "I am called on to perform a painful county. there is no better place in Carlow town to duty. You are charged by the respectable Dr. Comerford also has been taken live with the present and gaze on the inhabitants of crimes that render you un­ from us at a comparatively early age, relics of the past. From this vantage point fit to exercise the supreme authority before the venerable Prelate whom he had you can see the bustling new Post Office, another moment in this colony." On been appointed to relieve of some of the the heavy traffic, the changing traffic receipt of this ultimatum Bligh feared he burden of the episcopacy. His somewhat lights and opposite the Deighton Hall might be hanged and hid himself in his sudden and unexpected death took place with that gaunt, odd looking gable. The home. His daughter put up a fight bu£: at Braganza House, Carlow. Deighton Hall once contained the Court was soon overcome and the Governor was of the Petty Sessions and was also the pulled from under the bed and placed in Dr. Michael Comerford was a member Hall of the Criminal Court. It was con­ confinement. He did not hang but was of the Royal Irish Academy and the Royal· tiguous with and carried over an arch to retired on pension from public life and Society of Antiquaries and his contribu­ the old Criminal Court which spanned all died in 1812. tions to their transactions show great the width at the mouth ·orw-ater Lane To get back to the old Courthouse and erudition. He contributed also to the tran­ leaving only a narrow pass between it and to the lighter side of things - in the early sactions of the Ossory Archaeological Haughtons premises at the bridge. eighteen thirties a "drama" was played Society which Cardinal Moran founded The Criminal Court, segmented by the out and given great importance in the while he was Bishop of Ossory. arch and containing a clock in the facade Press of the day. 23

------U - - -· - - - - . ··g, • • - ••• - I ...... -- - - honour between Magistrates that one John Haughton who was across the room Bishop of Leighlin and other dignitaries, should not grant information against answered "I took the infonnation in good the Chapter and the Bodyguard were on another. This agreement placed them in faith, I would have taken them against my their way from Carlow to the Cathedral at the happy position of not at all times being brother and I object. to the term Old Leighlin. amenable to the Law. However there was blackguard".' Watson spoke back excited­ As the cavalcade passed through the a row in the streets of Carlow involving ly "My name is Thomas Watson, I live in narrow street leading to the bridge at the O'Connellites and a group of Lumcloone, it can be swords or pistols, I Leighlin, a dog ran out from one of the "Freeholders" who were being escorted by will be there anytime tomorrow or any day houses and 'yapped' at the feet of the Thomas H. Watson of Lumcloone. It was to render satisfaction to Mr. Haughton at horses. One of the annoured bodyguard election day and Wateon was herding in five minutes notice". struck the dog with lance; the dog was his people to vote for Bruen. Feelings The dreadful silence which followed the dead and the entourage swept on without were running high. Somebody made an challenge was broken by the return of the 'batting an eyelid'. attack and the row was on with the usual Petty Jury. The case against Thomas But by the time they returned from Old sprinkle of ash plants and blackthorns. Watson and company was dismissed and Leighlin the residents of that side of the After the riot, two men gave information,, the two plaintiffs were held for perjury. Bridge had stirred themselves into a sworn and witnessed, before John They had apparently gone back on the fierce rage. As the cavalcade decended Haughton (Magistrate) that a Captain evidence which they gave to Mr. into the street they were mobbed by men, Vignoles and Thomas Watson assaulted Haughton. women and children. In the confusion that them. It was alleged that Watson used a The result of the case was forgotten in followed several riders fell as their sword. Haughton took the evidence and a the light of the challenge. Would horses slipped on the cobbled street, case was made against Watson and Haughton accept, where and when? others were pulled off, beaten and rolled Vignoles. It was a sensational case and Speculation went on for days but there in the gutters and the dignity of the whole the hall of the Court was packed. The was no duel then and if they fought at a procession was reduced to rags. plaintiffs were O'Connellite traversers, later date they were bad marksmen, for It is reasonable to conjecture that it but the presiding Magistrate was Colonel they both died naturally in their was in that old Criminal Court that the Henry Bruen "The Lion of Oakpark", the beds. Our history is such that the lesser subsequent trial took place. It probably mighty man they were trying to unseat. events and a great amount of social stood in all its pristine glory then The evening had closed in; the soft light history has been overlooked. Many things dominating the southern aspect of the of the many candies played -in the eager must be reasoned out and dare we say town. faces and cast grotesque shadows on the that the old building which was thrown We know that it was built in the dark walls. They were waiting on the verdict of down in 1837 was centuries older than days of our history and that few who saw the Petty Jury who had retired from the the Hall which still stands. it then gave much thought to its architec­ room. Then the silence was broken by the It was about the beginning of the six­ tural value. Now it seems a pity that it angry voice of Thomas Wateon "It was a teenth century that a number of Leighlin was not preserved for the sake of its anti­ blackguard thing for a Magistrate to take residents were arraigned at the Criminal quity. Carlow Electricity undertaking ______;., ______Sandy Wright------

My recollections of what I heard about Milford and Carlow. This line tenninated was installed in the Power house at the original Carlow Electricity Undertak­ at a building on the Quays opposite Carlow. This was now known as Alex­ ing are very hazy. As far as I know, it was John's Street, Carlow. This three storey ander's Electric Works. This steam started by a Mr. Gordon, representing an building (at one time a Malt House, has engine used coal and tar as fuel. The English finn. About 1895 Mr. Gordon been demolished) was known as the power steam engine was later replaced by a 50 gave a demonstration of lighting by house. Here the voltage was transfonned H.P. national producer gas engine. I think electricity to the Carlow Town Commis­ to 200V A.C. and also converted to 200v at this stage the L.T. supply became D.C. sioners. Three arc lamps were erected in D.C. only. A 110 cell battery was installed and Dublin Street, Carlow: one at Market: Distribution at first was by overhead the supply from Milford discontinued. Cross, one near the Cigar Divan and the lines on steel poles but later the Town Later a similar gas engine was installed third near St. Brigid's Hospital. The sup­ Commission insisted on underground and again a 30 H.P. 3 cyclinder gas ply for these lamps was obtained by in­ mains in the main streets. For the un­ engine was added. Finally a 75 H.P. stalling a temporary generator on the Mill derground mains earthenware ducts were semi-diesel was installed. Just before the wheel at Burrin Bridge, Carlow. As a laid under the paths. These ducts had 4 closing down of Alexander's Electric result of the demonstration Carlow T.C. or 6 holes or tunnels. Through four of Works, with the advent of the E.S.B., the decided to - adopt electricity for public these tunnels a single core cable was peak load was 420 amps at 210 volte. lighting and in doing so claims to be the drawn. Consumers lighting was supplied first provincial town in Britain or Ireland at 200V A.C. and Power and the public Rates of charge: 10d per unit lighting; to ha\{e electric lighting. lighting arc lamps at 200V D.C. In 1897 31/zd per unit power. About 1897 Mr. Gordon's finn instal­ about half the shopkeepers had electric Staff: Manager; Secretary; 3 Electri­ led a turbine or turbines and alternators light. cians; 3 Apprentices; 2 Labourers. on the Milford falls, about four miles from In 1898 the Carlow Electricity Under­ Miss Breen's address: Moireville, Carlow. One of these turbines is still used taking was sold to Major Alexander. Castlegrace Park, Cork. to drive a Sawmill in what was the old Floods in the river Barrow prevented Some of Major Alexander's relatives power house at Milford. Power transmis­ the turbines at Milford from operating are still residing at Milford. Mr. Stratton sion was at 5,000 volts by a single con­ but a greater problem was the breakdown is familiar with this area and should be ductor overhead and earth returning of insulators on the transmission line. To able to get information which may con­ erected along the canal tow path betwee1 cater for these problems a steam engine finn smd add to the foregoing. 24 VUU.111,.Y va..1.-.1u W J..l.A.U~CU.l.l.l

'

Since the transfer of our Museum provide the town with an amenity of lacks in size is amply compensated for by material to the fonner Concert Room and which any Carlovian would be proud. its quality and attention to local detail. Stage of Town Hall in November, 1979 a During the Summer period the Improved lighting ancffurther exhibits great deal of work has been undertaken. Musewn opened daily and the regular at­ are the targets to be tackled during the Partitions and Cases were constructed. tendance was a pleasant justification of coming winter nights, so that when next All the artefacts were rechecked and as­ the Cormnittee's decision in that direc­ Swnmer arrives all concerned will be sembled and newly donated objects were tion. With the anticipated sponsorship by proud of the effort put in to provide the examined for suitability. Visits were some local bodies it is hoped to have a town with an unsurpassed amenity and made to the Nationa1 Musewn to improve suitable souvenir handout containing a the realisation that they have a Folk our knowledge and expertise. list of the principle exhibits and guide to Museum of note in their own Region. As a result of all this the collection has the Museum for the Visitors benefit in The Museum Group wish to convey to taken on an entirely new appearance. It 19 81, so that they will be able to share all those who have contributed the many has evoked nothing but the highest praise their experience with their friends. This objects and collections of objects on show from practically all of its many visitors. may encourage more visitors in the com­ 'their very wannest thanks and apprecia­ Carlow has never been noted as a ing years and would provide a fitting tion' and to make it known that should tourist centre but the names in the memento of Carlow and its scenic anyone have an artefact which they think Visitors Book in the Museum belie that hinterland. is suitable and would like to have in­ idea. A random check reveals names from Many of our Senior citizens while ad­ cluded in the display, to please bring it Australia, Tasmania, all parts of the miring the Concert Hall from the former along when it will be examined for United States and Canada, Spain, Stage (now a picture gallery) have suitability. If no other object of the like is France, Italy, Gennany, Belgium, Hol­ nostalgic memories of the past. Some of. on show they can be assured that it will land, Austria and many parts of Great them possibly graced the boards in the be accepted gratefully for future display. Britain. days of the Choral Society and the Little A final word of thanks to "The Plans for the future include a travelling Theatre productions or took part in the Nationalist and Leinster Times" and exhibition from the National Museum many Concerts perfonned there or at­ "Irish Times" for their generous publicity which the Committee hope will be availed tended some of the important public which has helped to make Carlow of by School Groups especially. meetings political and otherwise that were Museum more widely known. Carlow Regional Technical College will regularly held in it. pennanently house material associated What a changed place now! The Hall Alec Bums, with the world famous Leighlin Scientist was decorated by our Civic Fathers Hon. Secretary, John Tyndall. The Committee hope to before being handed over to the Musewn. Carlow Museum. have this collection on show for a given The central heating system is also a_ period and also a photographic exhibition welcome innovation both for the visitors OPENING TIMES of Industrial activity in the town over the comfort and for the exhibits. Winter: 2.30 - 5.30 every Sunday Due to space restrictions, our Musewn past century. These and many more are Summer: Open daily the aims of the hardworking band of may be small in comparsion with some enthusiasts whose sole ambition is to ,other provincial Museums but what it. 26 Secretary's Report

THE past year has been yet another succes­ hoped that Miss Kelly or some other person were impressed with the research work done sful one for the Old Carlow Society. Many will do a similar study of other streets in the by Fr. O'Shea to trace the various branches new members from different parts of the town. of the Comerford family. He had gone to County have joined. All the Summer outings 1841 'ELECTION endless pains to build up the family tree of and Winter lectures were well attended and this great bishop. were much enjoyed by all. On 23 November, Very Rev. P. J . Brophy invited the members of the O.C.S. to a THE CARLOW SCENE: THE MUSEUM historical evening in St. Fiac's Hall in con­ The last lecture of the Winter Session was The outstanding event of the year was the nection with the Jubilee Celebrations of St. given by Very Rev. P. J. Brophy, P.P., opening of the Museum in the Town Hall. Clare'11 Church. Dr. Donal McCartney, Dean Graiguecullen on 20 March. His talk was en­ During the early months of the year a small of U.C.D. and Professor of Modern History titled "Reading the Carlow Scene" - and in group of devoted workers was busily engaged (a native of St. Fiac's Terrace, Graiguecul­ it he dealt with the historical events in the arranging in their new surroundings the ex­ len) gave a wonderful talk on the famous Barrow and Slaney valleys. Needless to say hibits that had been transferred from the 1841 Election in Carlow, the erection of St. Fr. Brophy has an intimate knowledge of College Street premises. On Sunday 1st Anne's Church Athy Road to commemorate happenings in the Carlow Area and he has June the Museum was opened to the public. Bruen's narrow victory in that election, and the ability to change the dry facts of history From June until the 30th September it was the subsequent transference of the building into a really fascinating story. open on week-days from 11.00 to 12.30 and to Graiguecullen to be re-erected as St. from 2.30 to 5.00 with Mr. Thomas Clare's Church. AN t-ATHAIR MacSUIBHNE Anderson, Graiguecullen, as Caretaker. During the talk Dr. McCartney dealt in Before the A.G.M. a presentation was The opening hours on Sundays were from detail with the activities of the famous P.P. made to An t-Athair Peadar MacSuibhne of 2.30 to 5.30 with members of the O.C.S. of Graigue, Fr. Maher, who was the fearless a portrait of himself by Thomas Ryan, acting as stewards. The attendance has been champion of his people. Dr. McCartney, R.H.A., on behalf of Conradh na Gaeilge most satisfactory and people from all parts of ' nationally and internationally famous as a Ceatharlocha and the Old Carlow Society. Ireland have paid a visit to the Musewn. All historian, certainly gave us a brilliant ac­ Making the presentation An Dochtuir visitors were lavish in their praise. The fine count of that stirring period. Seamus Paire, Cathaoirleach, Conradh collection of exhibits and the splendid layout Ceatharlocha paid tribute to the great work of the various sections were admired by all. It SAMUEL HAUGHTON: done by Fr. Swayne for the language and for is extremely gratifying that the public have On the 13th December Dr. Nonnan Mc­ historical research. Sean O'Laoire and Alec shown their appreciation of the splendid Millan, Lecturer in Physics and Instrumen­ Burns paid their tributes on behalf of the work of the Musewn Committee. tation in Carlow Regional College gave a talk O.C.S. Returning thanks An t-Athair Peadar on the Rev. Samuel Haughton a brilliant said he always got great co-operation from ANTIQUES FAIR member of a family prominent in the everyone in his work for which he was most Our 4th Annual Antiques Fair was held in business life of Carlow in the 19th century. grateful. the Function Room of the Royal Hotel on the This man was really remarkable in many A.G.M. 16th, 17th, 18th May. It was as usual a spheres and is commemorated in one of the great success. As a result our 5th Fair will be principal buildings in Dublin Zoo. It was The A.G.M. was h~ld on 24 April 1980. held in May 1981. quite obvious that Dr. McMillan had made a The Chairman, Miss M. T. Kelly having CARLO VIANA thorough study of the career of this famous thanked the members for their co-operation during the year said she did not wish to go The 1980 edition of Carloviana was up to Carlovian. forward for re-election. Mr. S. O'Leary, Hon. its usual very high standard. However, sales THE FENIANS: Secretary gave a detailed account of the were rather slow partly due to the fact that it On the 24th January 1980 our monthly year's activities. Mr. James Westman, Hon. came out somewhat later than usual and also talk was given in the Assembly Hall of St. Treasurer explained the receipts and ex­ to the universal shortage of money at pk­ Leo's Convent. Mr. R. V. Comerford, Lec­ penses on the Balance Sheet and was con­ sent. The Editor is always pleased to get turer in History in St. Patrick's College, gratulated on the sound financial position. suitable articles and old photographs for Maynooth spoke about the Fenians. His talk Mr. Hugh Dolan, Hon. Editor said sales publication in the Journal. was especially interesting to the students of of Carloviana were rather slow. Owing to in­ St. Leos who attended the lecture. Mr. TALKS creased cost of production the position of the Comerford dealt with aspects of the Fenian journal would have to he considered. Mr. DUBLIN STREET: Movement not usually found in historicai Dolan appealed for more articles and olc! On the 18th October 1979 the first talk of works. photographs. the Winter Session was given by our DR. COMERFORD Mr. K. Kennedy, Chairman of Museum Chainnan, Miss M. T. Kelly. She traced in Committee said they were hoping that the On the 28th February Rev. Fr. O'Shea of detail the history of each house in Dublin Museum could be opened to the public in a Street, The talk was most fascinating as the Killeigh, Offaly, gave a talk on the famous month or so. occupiers of practically every house in the Bishop and Historian, Dr. Comerford. Fr. street have changed and re-changed several O'Shea dealt principally with the family con­ ELECTION OF OFFICERS times down through the years. It is to be nections of this great prelate. All present Chairman: Seamus Murphy, Vice- 26 Sean O'Leary, Hon. Treasurer: James Historical Society gave the history of that The final outing took place on Sunday 14 Westman, Hon. Editor: Hugh Dolan, The 12th century monastic settlement. Next September when Mr. Edward McDonald names of the various Committees are on visited was the Franciscan Agricultural Col­ conducted a large party around his native another page. lege in Multyfarnham and the Franciscan Clonmore. Places visited were Clonmore Various suggestions were made for the Church with its life-sized Stations of the Castle, St. Mogue's Well and Cemetery, the Annual and Afternoon Outings. It was left to Cross. Returning to Mullingar we visited the Old Chapel, Killalongford Forest, Killahucan the incoming Committee to decide on the newly opened Museum and the magnificent Stone and Ballyrahan the scene of the venues. Cathedral of Christ The King. Of special in­ famous battle in 1798. We were very impres­ OUTINGS terest was the marvellous collection of ec­ sed by the great work done by the local com­ WEXFORD clesiastic al objects in the Cathedral munity to improve the appearance of an The first afternoon outing was on Sunday Musewn. Our members were particularly already beautiful countryside. 15 June to Co. Wexford. Mr. T. P. Walsh pleased with the beautiful scenery in the fonnerly a prominent member of the O.C.S. Lake District of Co. Westmeath looking its OBITUARY best on a glorious summer's day. conducted a joint group of Waterford OBITUARY Literary and Historical Society and the Old NORTH KILDARE Carlow Society to Dunbrody Abbey, Bal­ During the year the following members On 10 August, North Kildare was visited. jpassed to their Eternal Reward - ,iam lyhack Castle, Dollar Bay, Loftus Hail; The J First stop was at Bodenstown resting place of Hook and Baginbun. Mr. Walsh gave most Bolton, Reelogue - a grand old Gaei who in interesting talks in all these places. Wolfe Tone. Then on to Castletown House the past gave some interesting talks to the where a most efficient guide (an American Society. KELLISTOWN/R.ATHOE student) showed us all the beauties of the Mrs. Kathleen Smith, Dublin Road a On Thursday evening 3 July we went on a mansion. We were impressed by the many faithful attender at our meetings and out­ tour of the Kellistown and Rathoe areas. Mr. improvements since our last visit. From ings; Miss Faith O'Grady, Holloden, Mrs. P. Aughney conducted the party and gave all Castletown we proceeded to Maynooth where W. Moore, Athy, Road, and Mrs. Kelly, the history and folklore of these districts. Mrs. Cullen gave the stirring history of that Rutland, three members of long standing. FitzGerald stronghold. Then on to St. I bhFlaitheas De go raibh siad. WESTMEATH Patrick's College where Mrs. Cullen con­ THANKS The Annual Full-Day Outing took place ducted the party around the Chapel and on Sunday 20 July to Westmeath. First Museum and showed the route taken by In conclusion I wish to thank very sincere­ visited was Tullynally Castle the ancestral Pope John Paul on his visit to the College. ly those kind members who distributed cir­ home of the Earl of Longford. The Official Our members were particularly interested in culars etc. during the year and "The guide conducted 45 of our members through the marvellous exhibits in the Museum, the Nationalist" for publicising all our activities the various rooms of that magnificent man­ wonderful carving and sculpture in the very effectively. sion and through the picturesque grounds. chapel and the many portraits and SEAN O'LEARY From Tullynally the party proceeded to photographs of former students. 30 September 1980. The C;ensus of Ireland 1861 (Extract) Carlow Barony which includet1 the followin1: Kellistown Parish (part ot): Ballanacarrig Parish: out of a total of 667 people. Roman Catholics: 641. Church of Ireland: 10. Roman Catholics: 413. Read and Write: 86. Read only: 40. Established Church: 91. illiterate: 42. 9 under 6 years old. 224 could read and write. 117 could read only. Killerig Parish: 124 could neither read or write. 42 under 6 years. Roman Catholics: 631. Church of Ireland: 68. Read and Write: 271. Read only: 136. Ballycrogue Parish: total of 16 people - all Roman Catholics. illiterate: 131. 63 under 6 years old. 6 could read and write. Nurney Parish (part ot): 7 read only. Roman Catholics: 132. Church of Ireland: 1. 1 neither read or write. 3 under 6 years. Read and Write: 64. Read only: 28. Carlow Parish Rural: total of 681 people. ;riliterate: 41. 10 under 6 years old. Roman Catholics: 677. Established Church: 104. Painestown Parish (part ot): 299 read and write. 160 read only. Roman Catholics: 44. Church of Ireland: 79. 166 neither read or write. 76 under 6 years old. Read and Write: 80. Read only: 21. Carlow Town (part ot): illiterate: 18. 16 under 6 years old. Roman Catholics: 6,737. Church of Ireland: 903. Tullowmagimma Parish (part ot): Read and write: 3,364. Read only: 1,222. Roman Catholics: 618. Church of Ireland: 69. Neither read or write: 1,476 Under6 years old: 741 Read and Write: 271. Read only: 142. Clonmelsh Parish: l!!i.ktate~ 11_4 . §_O under 6 years old. Urglin Parish Rural: Roman Catholics: 360. Church of Ireland: 76. Roman Catholics: 663. Church of Ireland: 119. Read and Write: 176. Read only: 106. Read and Write: 303. Read only: 108. Neither Read or write: 11 7. 2 7 under 6 years old. illiter_!!~ 127, . 42 under 6 years old. Cloydagh Parish (part ot): Palatine Town: - Roman Catholics: 168. Church of Ireland: 17. Roman Catholics: 163. Church of Ireland: 21. Read and Write: 84. Read only: 27. Read and Write: 64. Read only: 33. Neither Read or write: 40. 24 under 6 years old. illiterate: 72 . 26 under 6 years old. Grangeford Parish: Public and Charitable Iiiilltutions: Roman Catholics: 641. Church of Ireland: 10. Roman Catholics: 660. Church of Ireland: 68. Read and Write: 306. Read only: 118. Read and Write: 216. Read only: 119. illiterate: 173. 68 under 6 years old. illiterate: 240. 64 under 6 years old. 27 Census of Ireland 1861 (Extract)

Total of Barony: The annual membership fee of the Old Roman Catholics: 10,436. Church of Ireland: 1,648. Carlow Society is £2. This entitles the Read and Write: 5,782. Read only: 2,372. member to a free copy of Carloviana, the Illiterate: 2,871. 1,240 under 5 years old. Journal of the Society. Anybody who 29.2 Roman Catholics illiterate. wishes to become a member should con­ 8.5 Church of Ireland illiterate. ;tact Mr. Sean O'Leary, Montgomery Other religions in the Barony were: Street, Carlow or Mr. James Westman, Presbyterians: 69. 23 Green Road, Carlow. A full list of the Methodists: 74. societies activities is to be found in the Quakers: 22. secretary's report on page 26. All other persuasions including 3 Christian Brethem. 11 Christians. 1 The editor invites articles suitable for Male Lutheran. 1 Male Darbyite. = 16. inclusion in next year's Journal. There are still episodes in the history of Carlow Tables were practically the same in the other baronies: Forth, Idrone town and county that could provide East, Idrone West, Rathvilly and St. Mullin's Lower. suitable material for research. Some of All other persuasions included 12 Protestant Dissenters and 6 our older members have vivid memories of Separatists. life as it was lived years ago. These could form the basis for many an interesting ar­ Total population of Co. Carlow was 57,137 of which ticle. For useful hints and ideas intending 12.4% of Roman Catholics were illiterate. writers should consult "Sources for Local 31. 6 % of Church of Ireland were illiterate and around 3 % of the other Studies" by William Nolan. persuasions. Old photographs are also welcome. Readers are invited to submit further BARONY OF FORTH infonnation on articles contained in the journal. Aghade Parish: Roman Catholics: 324. Churchoflreland: 19. Read and write: 120. Read only: 112. Killestown Parish: (part of) Illiterate: 118. 76 under 5 years old. Roman Catholics: 100. Church of Ireland: 33. Read and Write: 68. Read only: 23. Aghade Parish (part of): Illiterate: 40. 11 under 5 years old. Roman Catholics: 513. Church of Ireland: 189. Read and Write: 346. Read only: 163. Myshall Parish: (part of) Rural: Illiterate: 118. 76 under 5 years old. Roman Catholi~s: 1,304. Church of Ireland: 93. Read and Write: 539. Read only: 337. Ballon Parish: (Rural) Illiterate: 386. 135 under 5 years old. Roman Catholics: 876. Church of Ireland: 34. Read and Write: 382. Read only: 203. Myshall Town: Illiterate: 221. 104 under 5 years old. Roman Catholics: 140. Church of Ireland: 9. Read and Write: 56. Read only: 33. Ballon Town: Illiterate: 39. 21 under 5 years old. Roman Catholics: 166. Church of Ireland: 10. Read and Write: 93. Read only: 24. Nurney Parish (part of): Illiterate: 41. 18 under 5 years old. Roman Catholics: 3. All read and write. 2 under 5 years old. Ballyellin Parish (part of): Roman Catholics: 101. Church of Ireland: 9. Templepeter Parish: Read and write: 93. Read only: 24. Roman Catholics: 46. Church of Ireland: 7. Illiterate: 41. Under 5 years old: 18. Read and Write: 55. Read only: 3 8. 6 under 5 years old. Darragh Parish (Part of) Rural: Roman Catholics: 1,255. Churchoflreland: 341. Tullowmagimma Parish (part of): Read and Write: 678. Read only: 410. Roman Catholics: 235. Church of Ireland: 33. Illiterate: 374. 153 under 5 years old. Read and Write: 72. Read only: 59. Neither read or write: 106. Fennagh Parish (part of): Under 5 years old: 3 7. Roman Catholics: 174. Church of Ireland: 8. Read and Write: 99. Read only: 38. Total of Barony: 6,770. Illiterate: 34. 11 under 5 years old. Read and Write: 2,792. Read only: 1,609. Gilbertstown Parish: (part of) Neither Read or Write: 1,710. ,,. Roman Catholics: 431. Church of Ireland: 26. Under 5 years old: 659. Read and Write: 176. Read only: 108. 15.4 Church of Ireland neither read or write Illiterate: 139. 34 under 5 years old. 29.9 Roman Catholics. 2a ~&...,W '°"'- -·-----.._ ___ --- - President Connolly, Mrs. T ., Ballyfoyle, Mageney, Governey, Francis, Pollerton, Carlow. His Lordship Most Rev. Dr. Patrick Co. Kildare. Greco!, John L., Cleveland, Ohio, 44101, Lennon, Bishop of Kildare & Leighlin. Conroy, Miss Molly, Castle Street, U.S.A. Carlow. Hade, Miss P., Castle Street, Carlow. Life Vice Presidents Corcoran, Mrs. B., 132 J.K.L. Avenue, Halpin, John, Mullawn, Tullow, Co. Very Rev. P. MacSuibhne, M.A., St. Carlow. Carlow. Patrick's College, Carlow; Mrs. M. Corrigan, Thomas & Mrs., Knock.field, Harding, Rev. B., St. John's, Kilkenny. O'Neill, Wilton Gardens, Cork; Mr. Liam Castledennot, Co. Kildare. Haughney, Eamonn, Pollerton Road, D. Bergin, Editor, "Nationalist & Crombie, B. & Mrs., Pembroke, Carlow. Carlow. Leinster Times", Carlow; Mr. Alec Crowe, Austin, "Sleibhte", 125 Newtown Hawkes, Misses. 5 Monacurragh, Carlow. Burns, College Street, Carlow. Park Avenue, Blackrock, Co. Dublin. Healy, Pat, Pollerton Castle, Carlow. Cullen, Sr. Nessa, Clochar na Trochaire, Healy, R., College Street, Carlow. Chairman Ceatharloch. Hogan, Mr. S., Rathrush, Rathoe, Co. Mr. Seamus Murphy. Cunnane, Rev. James P.P., V.F., Our Carlow. Lady of the Taper Church, Cardigan, Holden, Michael & Mrs., Tullow Street, Vice-Chairman South Wales. Carlow. Mr. Alec Blfflls. Curran, Thomas, Knocknatubrid, Tullow, Holton, Sr. Ann, Clochar na Trochaire, Co. Carlow. Ceatharloch. Secretary Curry, Kevin, 1 Parlos Park, Oakpark, Hosey, W. Hanover, Carlow. Mr. Sean O'Leary. Tralee, Co. Kerry. Hughes, Edward, Graignamanagh, Co. Mrs. Kathleen Cannon Mulvey, 8278 Kilkenny. Treasurer Caldwell Avenue, Long Island, New York, Hughes, Mrs. J os ., Kildrenagh, Mr. James Westman. U.S.A. Bagenalstown, Co. Carlow. Dempsey, R. & Mrs., Braganza, Carlow. James, Mrs. E., Montgomery Street, Editor Dolan, Hugh, 35 Oakley Park, Tullow Carlow. Mr. Hugh Dolan. Road, Carlow. James, Miss Margaret, Montgomery Doogue, Mr. M. Hillcrest, Baltinglass, Street, Carlow. Committee Co. Wicklow. James, T. R., 82, Green Road, Carlow. Miss I. MacLeod, Mrs. M. Fenlon, Mrs. Dooley, Gerard, 14 St. Killian's Crescent, Jordan, Mrs. M., St. Mary's Park, B. Crombie, Mrs. P. Maddock, Miss B. Carlow. Carlow. Keyes, Messrs. K. Kennedy, T . Smyth, Dooley, Miss M., Athy Road, Carlow. Kealy, Brendan, B.A., H.D.E., E . McDonald, W. Ellis, J. Moran. Dooley, Padraig, 14, St. Killian's Cres­ Maryboro' Street, Graiguecullen, Carlow. cent, Carlow. Kehoe, M., Carlow Lodge Hotel, Kilken­ Delegates to the Historical Advisory Dooley, Miss Teresa, 14 St. Killian's ny Road, Carlow. Committee of Carlow County Council Crescent, Carlow. Kehoe, T., Dublin Street, Carlow. Mr. H. Dolan, Mr. A. Burns. Doyle, Mrs. B. , St. Joseph's Road, Kelly, Miss M. T., The Stream, Carlow. Castledennot Road, Carlow. Museum Committee Doyle, Mrs. C., Sycamore Road, Kelly, Michael & Mrs., Burrin Street, Mrs. P. Maddock, Messrs. K. Kennedy, Rathnapish, Carlow. Carlow A. Burns, P. Purcell, J. Westman. Doyle, James & Mrs., Ballickmoyler Kelly, William, 26, St. Patrick's Avenue, Road, Carlow. Carlow. Members Doyle, Mrs. M., 98 Maher Road, Kennedy, Mr. & Mrs. E., Kyleballyhue, Agar, J . R. and Mrs., 13 Lark.field, Governey Park, Graiguecullen. Carlow. Rathnapish, Carlow. Doyle, James, 98 Maher Road, Governey Kennedy, Kevin & Mrs., 6 Oakley Park, Alcock, Noel, 46 Staunton Avenue, Park, Graiguecullen. Graiguecullen, Carlow. Governey Park, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Doyle, Miss Nellie, Granby Row, Carlow. Keyes, Miss B., Duggan Avenue, Behan, Mrs. C. Station Rd., Carlow. Doyle, Peadar, Everton, Carlow. Graiguecullen, Carlow. Brennan, Michael and Mrs., 2 Burrin Doyle, Thomas, Bough, Rathvilly, Co. Lennon, Seamus, Pembroke, Carlow. Road, New Oak Estate, Carlow. Carlow. Lillis, Major Gen. James, 2 Wynberg Brooks, Mr. and Mrs., W. Highfield, Duggan, W. L. & Mrs., College Street, Park, Blackrock, Co. Dublin. Dublin Road, Carlow. Carlow. Lillis, T. J. & Mrs., Lumclone House, Burns, Alec, College Street, Carlow. Ellis, J. J. & Mrs., 17 Burnaby Park, Fenagh, Co. Carlow. Burns, Mr. & Mrs. C., "Malasha", Kil­ Greystones, Co. Wicklow. Little, Lazerian & Mrs., Strawhall, leshin Road, Carlow. Ellis, William, Burrin Street, Carlow. Carlow. Byrne, Mrs. A., Little Barrack Street, Fanning, Mrs. T., Newtownallen, Little, Mrs. T., Montgomery Street, Carlow. Mageney, Co. Kildare. Carlow. Canavan, Mrs. M., St. Joseph's Road, Fenlon, Mrs. M., "Riverville", Loftus, Mrs. G., Gurteen, Carlow. Carlow. Montgomery Street, Carlow. Mcclean, Mr. & Mrs. F., 5 Oak Park Carbery, D. & Mrs., Green Road, Carlow. Fennell, Mrs. Eileen, Chapelstown, Road, Carlow. Carpenter, Patrick, Barrack Street, Carlow. McDonald, Mr. E., Clonmore, Racket-. Carlow. Fitzell, Malcohn & Valerie, "Yellow stown, Co. Carlow. Chmelar, Edward, Rathnapish, Carlow. Lion", Burrin Street, Carlow. McDonnell, Mrs. C., "Barnagree", Tul­ Coen, G. & Mrs., Braganza, Athy Road, FitzMaurice, Mrs. B., Laurel Lodge, low Road, Carlow. Carlow. Carlow. . MacLeod, Miss Iona, Pembroke, Carlow. Collins, Sean, "Feonacach", Killeshin, Foley, Joseph, Sycamore Road, MacSuibhne, Very Rev. Peadar, St. Carlow. Rathnapish, Carlow. Patrick's College, Carlow. 29 ,ua""'u"'"""• n.,:v. oti11n, oi. rau1cx·s Uilver, ~r. M., Presentation Convent, Smyth, T. & Mrs., 2, Leinster Crescent, College, Carlow. Carlow. Carlow. Maddock, Mrs. P., 173 Maher Road, Oliver, James & Mrs., "Carraig Rua", Tenanty, Mrs. M., Rothes Park House, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Kilkenny Road, Carlow. Rothes Park, Leslie, Fife, Scotland. Maguire, Mrs. E., Dublin Road, Carlow. Oliver, Richard, J., 611 Bordeaux Rue, Treacy, Miss Eileen, College Street, Monahan, John & Mrs., Castletown Green Bay, Wis. 54301 U.S.A. Carlow. House, Carlow. O'Neill, Austin, Leaugh, Carlow. Waldron, Mr. & Mrs., 30 Beechwood Moore, Mrs., Chaplestown, Carlow. O'Neill, James, Castle Street, Carlow. Park, Carlow. Moore, W. "St. Anne's", Athy Road, O'Neill, Miss Leonie, Barrack Street, Walsh, Mrs. E., Hanover Bridge, Carlow. Carlow. Carlow. Westman, James, "Dunluce", 23 Green Moran, Mr. James, Burrin Street, O'Neill, Miss Mary, 67 Colclough Road, Carlow. Carlow. Avenue, Graiguecullen, Carlow. 0 Maolmhicil, Liam, 6 Braganza, Carlow. Moriarty, Mrs. D., Tynock, Kiltegan, Co. O'Neill, Miss M., Granby Terrace, Wicklow. CARLOW SENTINEL JANUARY, 20th Carlow. 1849. Moriarty, Michael, Tynock, Kilteagan, O'Neill, Mrs. T., Granby Terrace, Report of Meeting of Poor Law Guar­ Co. Wicklow. Carlow. dians on previous day. Murphy, Miss Annie, Barrack Street, O'Rourke, Mr. Con., Tullow Road, The Guardians were occupied during Carlow. Carlow. the entire day, down to a late hour, ex­ Murphy, Kevin, Pollerton Little, Carlow. O'Rourke, Mrs. M., Montgomery Street, amining applications and granting out­ Murphy, Miss _- Olivia, Pollerton Little, Carlow. door relief. They decided also to open Carlow. O'Shea, Rev. Fr. Killeigh, Offaly. depots in several districts to give relief in Murphy, Seamus & Mrs., Pollerton Lit­ O'Shea, Mrs. M., St. Patrick's Avenue, kind: oatmeal of the best quality in lieu of tle, Carlow. Carlow. money as is the practice in many other Murray, Aidan & Mrs;, 25 Dublin Street, O'Sullivan, Miss H. County Librarian, Unions in the country. Carlow. Carlow. State of the Workhouse. Murray, Mrs. K., 5, St. Joseph's Road, Parkes, Mr. Seamus, Monacurragh, Carlow. Carlow. (Indoor Relief) Nolan, B. & Mrs., Burrin Street, Carlow. Patricia, Sr. M., Presentation Convent, No. in Workhouse last board day 1,999 Nolan, Miss Chrissie, Burrin Street, Carlow. Admitted during the week ...... 511 Carlow. Peter, Sr. Brigidine Convent, Tullow, Co...... 2,510 Nolan, Mr. Frank, Burrin Street, Carlow. Carlow. No. left Workhouse ...... 17 O'Byrne, Rev. Fr. J ., St. Patrick's Col­ Purcell, Michael, Kennedy Street, lege, Carlow. No. discharged and on Outdoor relief241 Carlow. No. died in House ...... 4 O'Hanlon, Mrs. J ., College Street, Purcell, Pat., Quinagh, Carlow. Carlow. No. died in Fever Hospital ...... 1 Ratusky, Mrs. M., Montgomery Street, ...... 263 O'Hara, Mrs. Ann, Frederick Avenue, Carlow. Carlow. Redmond, Mrs. C., "Silverdale", Cross­ No. patients in Fever Hospital ...... 43 O'Hare, P. J. & Mrs., Rathellin, neen, Carlow. No. Men in Mill Lane House ...... 67 Leighlinbridge, Co. Carlow. Reynolds, Miss K., 7, Governey Park, No. Men sleeping in Graigue House166 O'Keeffe, Mrs. M., St. Killian's Crescent, Graiguecullen, Carlow. No. Girls sleeping at Graigue House333 Carlow. Shaw, Misses Nan & Kathleen, 130 No. Boys in Graigue House ...... 216 O'Keeffe, Miss Mary, St. Killian's Cres­ J.K.L. Avenue, Carlow...... 824 cent, Carlow. Sheane, Donald, Windermere, Blainroe, Average cost per head per week ls. 9':lzd. O'Leary, Miss Angela, "Arus na Greine, Wicklow. Return of Patients discharged and ad­ Montgomery Street, Carlow. Shorten, Mrs. S., Ballylinan, Athy, Co. mitted into the Barrow Fever Hospital O'Leary, Miss Maria, "Arus na Greine", Kildare. from 13th to 19th January: Montgomery Street, Carlow. Slater, Mr. V., 39 Sycamore Road, Adinitted ...... 21 O'Leary, Miss Paula, "Arus na Greine", Rathnapish, Carlow. Discharged ...... 19 Remaining in Hospital: Montgomery Street, Carlow. Smyth, Miss Mary, 2, Leinster Crescent, Males ...... 17 O'Leary, Sean & Eileen, "Arus na Carlow. Females ...... 40 Greine", Montgomery Street, Carlow. Smyth, Michael, Newtown, Nurney, Co. James Porter Oliver, Miss B., Dublin Street, Carlow. Carlow. M.D.

AVONMORE CREAMERIES LTD . CORR'S GRAIGUECULLEN , CAR LOW. PHONE 3 1639 PHOTOGRAPHIC AND GIFT SPECIALIST TULLOW ST., CARLOW PHONE 31174 NORMAND. SIXSMITH AGRICULTURAL & GENERAL ENG INEER O'DWYER'S PHARMACY TULLOW ST., CARLOW PHONE 31467 DUBLIN. -F R-OA--D,- ,CARLOW-- - - ·- PH·--O.NE - 31593 I B. D. NSURAN CE .. BE SURE TO INSURE WITH F. B. D. INSURANCE LEIX PHARMACY LOCAL OFFICE - · BRIDG-E ST., GOVERNEY SQUARE, CARLOW PHONE 31341 TULLOW PHO~E 51112 R. HEALY & SON PRESENTATION SECONDARY FUNERAL DIRECTORS SCt«)OL, CARLOW POLLERTON CASTLE & COLLEGE ST. WISH CONTINUED SUCCESS TO " CARLOVIANA" FROM 31286 Phone 31868 THE STAFF & PUPILS JACK McDONALD BARROW MILLING CO . NEW & USED TRACTORS FLOUR & ANIMAL FEED ING STUFFS CROSSNEEN, CARLOW. PHONE 31455 LEIGHLIN ROAD, CARLOW

KELLrSTOWN POULT-RY FARM EGGS SUTTONS SUPERMARKET AT THE TOP FOR QUALITY* AT THE BOTIOM FOR PRICE KELLISTOWN, CO. CARLOW PHONE 46646 CASTLE ST., CAR LOW. Phone 31 652 . - """'· J LEIX DAIRY MILK, CREAM, EGGS, BUTIER ST. LEO'S SECONDARY SCHOOL * DELIVERED FRESH DAILY* DAY SCHOOL & BOARDING SCHOOL CASTLE ST. , CARLOW. Phone 31123 CONVENT OF MERCY, CARLOW

BRING YOUR FRIENDS TO A MUSICAL EVE NING L & N SUPERSTORE IN CARLOW'S UNIQUE MUSIC LOUNGE EACH EASY PARKING* EASY SHOPPING* FANTASTIC PRICES SATURDAY & SUNDAY. Phone No. 2 7159 TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Phone 31263 SMYTHS OF NEWTOWN SINCE 1815 ARD RI DRY CLEANE RS MURRAYS BURRIN ST. & TULLOW ST.. CAR LOW PHONE 31935 HIGH-CLASS SWEETS, FRUIT & CIGARETIES SPONGING & PRESSING WHILE YOU WAIT. HAND FINISHED DUBLIN ST., CARLOW SERVICE Open 8.30 to 6.00 including lunch hour. 4 Hour Service including Saturday DAN MORRISSEY LTD. MICHAEL DOYLE BALLYCROGUE 31 464, GRANGEFORD 36629, BUILDERS PROVIDERS, GENERAL HARDWARE CLONMELSH 46142 "THE SHAMROCK", 71 TULLOW ST., CARLOW Readymix Concrete* Concrete Products* Ground Limestone Phone 31847 Rockford Tiles .. NATIONALIST & LEINSTER TIMES COLOUR & ART PRINTERS TULLY'S TRAVEL AGENCY The most modern printing machinery in the provinces TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Phone 31257 42 TULLOW ST., CARLOW

~ E. J. NOLAN LTD. THOMAS THOMPSON OF CARLOW ALL HIGH-CLASS PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS SINCE 1878. ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL STEEL FILMS DEVELOPED & PRINTED 1 DUBLIN ST., CARLOW. Phone 31680 HANOVER, CARLOW

J. A. O'NEILL & SONS MICHAEL WHITE, M.P.S.I. WHOLESALE FRUIT MERCHANTS VETERINARY & DISPENSING CHEMIST PHOTOGRAPHIC & TOILET GOODS 12 CASTLE ST., CARLOW. Phone 31256 39 TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Phone 31229 JOHN J. TRAYNOR & CO. M.I.A.V.1. , M.I.R.E.F. A. O'BRIEN AUCTIONEERS. VALUERS & ESTATE AGENTS. INSURANCE WATCHMAKER & JEWELLER BROKERS 28-29 TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Phone 31911 District Office: Fi rst Nationa l Buildinri Society. Director: W . E. Byrne COLLEGE ST., CARLOW. Phone (0503) 31712 SEVEN OAKS HOTEL DINNER DANCES* WEDDING RECEPTIONS* PRIVATE PARTIES READERS ARE URGED TO SUPPORT OUR * CONFERENCES * LUXURY LOUNGE SPONSORS WHERE POSSIBLE ATHY RD., CARLOW-

31 ANTIQUE FAIR Royal Hotel, Carlow MAY 15, 16, 17, 1981 Remember the highly successful fair we held in 1980? Some exhibitors have already booked stands for 1981 Proceeds in aid of the County Museum

VISIT THE COUNTY MUSEUM TOWN HALL, CARLOW I.'.= Open daily during Summer - 2.30 to 6.30 p.m. every Sunday during Winter VIEW THE WIDE RANGE OF EXHIBITS