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Addendum to the Phase IA Archaeological Sensitivity Study S.R

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Addendum to the Phase IA Archaeological Sensitivity Study S.R June 2005 Prepared for: PENNDOT District 6-0 Addendum to the Phase IA Archaeological Sensitivity Study S.R. 0095, Sec. GIR Interstate 95/Girard Avenue Interchange Federal Project No. Q92-0066-101 State Project No. 1-0095-03-GIR-0650-316 MPMS No. 17821 & 57874 E.R. No. 01-8007-101 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Prepared by: Addendum to the Phase IA Archaeological Sensitivity Study S.R. 0095, Sec. GIR Interstate 95/Girard Avenue Interchange Addendum Federal Project No. Q92-0066-101 State Project No. 1-0095-03-GIR-0650-316 MPMS No. 17821 & 57874 E.R. No. 01-8007-101 Prepared for Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Engineering District 6-0 Prepared by Ingrid Wuebber and Stephen W. Tull – Principal Investigator Philadelphia, Pennsylvania June 2005 ABSTRACT Historic lots and streets are still buried and extant below the open spaces adjacent to Interstate 95 (I-95). Today, within the project area (the Northern Liberties, Fishtown, and Port Richmond sections of Philadelphia), there is a high density of standing structures that straddle the western side of I-95 in the form of early-to-mid-nineteenth-century brick row houses; two-part commercial structures and the former Port Richmond rail yard dominate the eastern side. The following addendum to the I-95, Section GIR, Phase IA archaeological sensitivity study (ER 01-8007-101) is a site-specific study to guide, locate, and identify archaeological resources within an urban environment throughout the project area. Fieldwork at every location of anticipated ground disturbance was both cost prohibitive and impractical; thus, a preferred alternative was needed for this undertaking, and URS engineers are developing a preliminary design for the recommended build option. Given the urban setting, the archaeological subsurface testing for the I-95/GIR project will be guided by a developed Programmatic Agreement (PA). The PA will be revised as needed and presented in consultation with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation District 6-0 (PENNDOT), the Federal Highways Administration (FHWA), the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, the Pennsylvania Historical Museum Commission (PHMC), and interested parties after this Phase IA report is reviewed. However, a staged approach is recommended and discussed in the Summary. The remaining low-sensitivity locations will be sampled after the high-sensitivity locations are tested. In this way, knowledge gained from the nearby areas of high sensitivity will direct the low-sensitivity sampling strategy. It is expected that at least one-third of the low-sensitivity locations will be tested. Archaeological monitoring is recommended where retaining walls will be constructed. i TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................................ i Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ ii List of Figures .................................................................................................................... iii List of Plates ...................................................................................................................... iv Introduction ....................................................................................................................... I.1 Undertaking................................................................................................................. I.2 Archaeological Area of Potential Effects (APE) ........................................................ I.2 Report Organization .................................................................................................... I.2 Archaeological Sensitivity Within the APE ............................................................... I.4 Historic Research Design ............................................................................................ I.8 Precontact Research Design ...................................................................................... I.13 Section 8 Relocated Richmond Street: North Side of Girard Avenue to North Side of Ann Street...................................................................................................8.1 Undertaking.................................................................................................................8.1 Section-Specific Environmental Data .........................................................................8.1 Section-Specific Historical Data .................................................................................8.2 Archaeological Recommendations .............................................................................8.4 Section 9 Temporary Detour Road through the Former Port Richmond Rail Yard from Richmond Street to South Side of Allegheny Avenue .............................................9.1 Undertaking.................................................................................................................9.1 Section-Specific Environmental Data .........................................................................9.1 Section-Specific Historical Data .................................................................................9.1 Archaeological Recommendations .............................................................................9.1 Summary and Phase IB/II Work Plan .............................................................................. S.1 Phase IB/II Identification and Evaluation of Historic and Precontact Archaeological Resources .......................................................................................... S.3 References ........................................................................................................................ R.1 APPENDIX A: Archaeological APE Letter APPENDIX B: Resumes of Key Personnel ii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page I.1 I-95, Section GIR, Archaeological Project Location .............................. I.16 I.2 I-95, Section GIR, Archaeological Project Area at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century ..................................................... I.17 I.3 I-95, Section GIR, Archaeological Project Area in the 1820s ................ I.18 I.4 I-95, Section GIR, Archaeological Project Area in 1869 ....................... I.19 8.1 Section 8, Location of Relocated Richmond Street (North Side Girard Avenue to North Side of Ann Street) ........................8.6 8.2 Sections 8, Soil Profile, Berks Street to Cumberland Street .....................8.7 8.3 Section 8, Soil Profile, Cumberland Street to Lehigh Avenue .................8.8 8.4 Section 8, Soil Profile, Lehigh Avenue to Ann Street ..............................8.9 8.5 Detour Routes in 1887 ............................................................................8.10 8.6 Port Richmond Marine Terminal and Rail Yard, 1950s .........................8.11 8.7 Cramp and Sons Ship Yard ....................................................................8.12 8.8 South Area of Port Richmond Rail Yard, 1919 ......................................8.13 8.9 North Area of Port Richmond Rail Yard, 1919 ......................................8.14 8.10 Relocated Richmond Street (Cambria Street to Ann Street) ..................8.15 9.1 Section , Location of Temporary Detour Route, Richmond Street to Allegheny Avenue ................................................................................9.2 9.2 Temporary Detour Route through the Port Richmond Rail Yard .............9.3 iii LIST OF PLATES Plate Page 8.1 Intersection of Cumberland and Richmond Streets ................................8.16 8.2 Intersection of Somerset and Richmond Streets .....................................8.16 8.3 Intersection of Ann and Richmond Streets .............................................8.17 9.1 Tracks near intersection of Lehigh Avenue and Richmond Street ...........9.4 9.2 Tanks on Allegheny Avenue .....................................................................9.4 iv INTRODUCTION Historic lots and streets are still buried and extant below the open spaces adjacent to Interstate 95 (I- 95). Today, within the project area (the Northern Liberties, Fishtown, and Port Richmond sections of Philadelphia), there is a high density of standing structures that straddle the western side of I-95 in the form of early-to-mid-nineteenth-century brick row houses; two-part commercial structures and the former Port Richmond rail yard dominate the eastern side. These sections of the I-95 highway are either supported on earth embankments with occasional retaining walls or on raised bridge structures, many with numerous piers. Immediately beyond the embankments are the modern businesses and open paved areas adjacent to the highway, reflecting the dense, urban nature of the neighborhood, which is still mirrored below the surface buried in the original construction of I-95. The following addendum to the I-95, Section GIR, Phase IA archaeological sensitivity study (ER 01- 8007-101) follows that reports site-specific study to guide, locate, and identify archaeological resources within an urban environment throughout two additional sections within the project area (Tull 2004). Fieldwork at every location of anticipated ground disturbance was both cost prohibitive and impractical; thus, a preferred alternative was needed for this undertaking, and URS engineers are developing a preliminary design for the recommended build option. Given the urban setting, the archaeological
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