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2006 Ingot.Indd National Park Service Park News U.S. Department of the Interior The offi cial newspaper of Keweenaw National Historical Park The Keweenaw Ingot Summer 2006 Issue Summer foliage softens the former industrial landscape around the Calumet & Hecla mine captains’ house. NPS Photo. Stories that Touch Our Lives - PERHAPS YOU SAW THE HEADLINE “TWELVE MINERS DIE AFTER underground explosion: a community mourns their loss.” After reading about the events at West Virginia’s Sago Mine last January, Welcome from the I felt sorrow for the people involved in the tragedy and also a sense Park Superintendent of amazement at the risks workers still face in acquiring the natural resources that keep our society running. The history of copper min- Welcome to Keweenaw National His- torical Park. Unlike most national parks, ing on the Keweenaw Peninsula is fi lled with stories similar to this Keweenaw was established with a broad recent tragedy. What is regarded as the worst mining disaster in the partnership mandate to achieve the mis- Keweenaw copper region occurred at the Osceola mine in 1895. sion of the park. The National Park Service Thirty-fi ve workers, including several young boys, died that day after collaborates with other federal, state and a fi re broke out in the Number 3 shaft. While there have been in- local governments, and non-governmen- credible changes in technology and attitudes towards worker safety tal entities, to collectively provide many of since the Osceola fi re, the Sago Mine disaster shows that mining the traditional visitor services experienced remains a dangerous activity. in other units of the National Park System. Prior to the creation of the safety laws and rules that regulate our Please keep two things in mind as you workplaces, mining accidents were considered the fault of a reck- visit. First, the park, and our partnerships, less or careless miner - and accidents were common. Mine workers In September 1895, thirty-fi ve mine workers lost their lives in the fi re at Osceola continues to evolve and will do so over #3. It was the worst single-event mining disaster on the Keweenaw Peninsula. many years. Secondly, the story of the fell into open shafts, were crushed by unstable rock, hit by skips Keweenaw NHP Archives, Jack Foster Collection. Keweenaw encompasses much more than carrying ore up and down shafts, and killed by fi res and explo- that of mining copper. As articles in this sions. Deaths were routinely reported in local newspapers. Note newspaper illustrate, copper mining was this graphic excerpt from the April 22, 1910 edition of the Calumet the basis but not the complete story of News: “John Nowak, a timberman, was instantly killed yesterday the region’s history and heritage. about the noon hour by being struck with a falling piece of timber at the 59th level of the No. 5 shaft, Calumet branch of the C&H mine. We invite you to visit and explore each The timber fell from the 51st level, and had thus fallen a distance of Keweenaw Heritage Site to learn fi rst- 800 feet before it struck the unfortunate man, crushing his head to hand their part of the copper story. Walk a pulp.” Injuries and deaths aff ected more than just the victims and the streets of Calumet, marvel at the their families, often reaching deep into communities. resplendent architecture and imagine shops of all varieties supporting a popula- tion in excess of 30,000 people 100 years Mining also carried other common occupational hazards, such as ago. See, smell and envision working hearing loss from the deafening sound of drilling and blindness underground at the Quincy or Delaware caused by rock chips fl ying into the eye. While mining companies mines. Explore the shores of mighty Lake tried in some cases to keep injured workers employed, no laws Superior and the Keweenaw Peninsula required them to do so. Many families lived in company-owned wildness. Imagine what it took to carve houses and their ability to stay in their homes was dependent on a out a life here, in an area at one time member of the family working for the mine. Before it became illegal, virtually isolated from the world nearly young boys often started working for the mining company after their Blind workers pose for C&H promotional photographs in the company’s broom seven months of the year! factory. Keweenaw NHP Archives, Jack Foster Collection. father had been killed or seriously injured in order to keep the roof over their heads. In the days before worker’s compensation, frater- We encourage you to explore and expe- nal organizations and societies such as the Freemasons or Indepen- tion if there is more that can be done to protect workers. Just weeks rience as much as your visit allows, so dent Order of Oddfellows provided care for the families of injured after the tragedy at the Sago coal mine, West Virginia’s governor and hopefully you, too, will better appreciate and understand the story of Keweenaw’s or deceased miners. Over time, people began to defi ne their rights as legislators created a law that required mines to have larger oxygen “Copper Country!” workers and demand safer working conditions, fueling an interest in supplies for miners trapped underground. While we will never know unions and laws that worked to enhance and protect their safety. if this law would have made a diff erence had it been in place prior to the accident, it was a way to address concerns and deal with a collec- Frank C. Fiala Despite the changes that have occurred in the mining industry over tive sense of grief. Superintendent the last 100 years, it still sometimes takes a tragedy to make us ques- (continued on page 7) 2 Exploring the 6 Escaping on the 7 Snow Walks Inside this Newspaper Visitor Information...........................…....2 Keweenaw Iron Horse Each autumn, local residents make plans for dealing with the extraordinary Isle Royale Natural History Association..3 The most diffi cult decision you may have while The signs of heavy industry - smokestacks amount of snow that falls on the Keweenaw visiting the Keweenaw Peninsula is deciding belching out black clouds, bustling streets Peninsula. Shoveling and scooping are Heritage Sites Information................4 & 5 what to do and when to do it. Whether you and the “thud” of heavy machinery - were options for clearing the 200-plus inches that have half a day or a week, there are plenty of obvious to the Copper Country’s urban accumulate in a typical winter, but these Keweenaw History and Culture....…6 & 7 places to visit, relax, and learn. This feature residents of the late 1800s through early methods take considerable effort and time. A describes a list of suggestions and ways to 1900s. Their communities and mining tried-and-true solution has survived through Interpretive Services.........................…....8 organize your visit on the Keweenaw Peninsula. locations had little in the way of park or the years and can still be found in some yards “green space” where residents could escape throughout the Keweenaw: an elevated the trappings of industrial life. walkway known locally as a snow walk. ...................................................................... ..................................................................... ...................................................................... National Park Service Visitor Services And Facilities U.S. Department of the Interior KEWEENAW NHP INFORMATION DESK CAMPING LODGING Located in the entrance to Numerous camping options, in- A full range of hotels, motels, bed the Quincy Mine Gift Shop, a cluding both primitive and devel- and breakfast inns and cabins are staffed National Park Service oped sites, are available across the found across the Keweenaw Pen- Keweenaw National Historical Park information desk provides information on Keweenaw Peninsula. Public campgrounds insula. Contact the Keweenaw Convention Keweenaw National Historical Park and the are available at Fort Wilkins, McLain and and Visitors Bureau for more information. Keweenaw National Historical Park was Keweenaw Heritage Sites. Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State 1-800-338-7982 or www.keweenaw.info established to preserve and interpret the Phone (906) 482-0650 Parks. Private campgrounds are also avail- natural and cultural resources relating to June 24 to August 12, Monday through able. For more information, contact the the copper mining industry for the enjoy- Friday – 9:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Keweenaw Convention and Visitors Bureau Accessibility ment and benefit of current and future Sunday – 12:30 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. at 1-800-338-7982 or www.keweenaw.info. generations through cooperative efforts The Keweenaw NHP Information and partnerships with state and local Desk and Keweenaw National PARK HEADQUARTERS TRANSPORTATION governments, public and private entities. Historical Park Headquarters are Keweenaw National Historical Daily Air Service: provided accessible. Many other park facilities located Mailing Address Park Headquarters, located in the by Northwest Airlink and Pin- in historic structures are not fully accessible Keweenaw National Historical Park historic Calumet & Hecla Mining Company nacle Airlines Jet Service to at this time. Projects are underway to make PO Box 471, 25970 Red Jacket Road General Office Building on Red Jacket Road the Houghton County Memorial Airport more park facilities accessible in the near Calumet, Michigan 49913 in Calumet, has a staffed reception desk and (CMX), 1-800-225-2525. future. Visit our information desk or contact sales area to provide park information. Bus service: provided by Greyhound the park to check on the current accessibil- E-mail Open Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. Bus Lines, 1-800-231-2222. [email protected] ity of the park and Keweenaw Heritage Sites to Noon and 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. Charter bus service is available through prior to your visit.
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