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Solicitors' Rights of Audience, Competence and Regulation: A
Legal Studies (2021), 1–18 doi:10.1017/lst.2021.5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Solicitors’ rights of audience, competence and regulation: a responsibility rights approach Jane Ching* Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK *Author e-mail: [email protected] (Accepted 22 December 2020) Abstract This paper takes as its context the decision of the Solicitors Regulation Authority in England and Wales to abandon before the event regulation of lower court trial advocacy. Although solicitors will continue to acquire rights of audience on qualification, they will no longer be required to undertake training or assessment in witness examination, by contrast with other, competing, legal professions. Their opportunities to acquire competence outside the classroom will remain limited. The paper first explores this context and its implica- tions for the three key factors of rights to perform, competence and regulatory accountability. The current regulatory system is then displayed as a Hohfeldian network of rights and duties held in tension between sta- keholders intended to inhibit the incompetent exercise of rights to conduct trial advocacy. The SRA’s proposal weakens this tension field and threatens the competitive position of solicitors. The paper therefore finally offers a radical alternative reconceptualisation of rights of audience in terms of Waldron’s ‘responsibility rights’ as a solution, albeit one with significant implications for the individual advocate. This model, applic- able globally, is closer to notions of societal good and professionalism than to those of the competitive market, whilst inhibiting incompetent performance and remediating the SRA’s approach. Keywords: trial advocacy; practice; procedure and ethics; legal regulation; legal education Introduction The legal services market in England and Wales possesses two peculiarities. -
Hosted by Nottingham Law School Your Future Your Legal Career Conference
Hosted by Nottingham Law School Your Future Your Legal Career Conference Wednesday 13 November 2013 Introductory Remarks • Paula Moffatt, Principal Lecturer NLS, Solicitor • Professor Andrea Nollent, Dean of NLS • Peter Kay, Senior Careers Consultant, University of Nottingham If you would like to tweet about the conference, please do!! #mylawfuture Session 1 Chair: Professor Rebecca Huxley- Binns Professor Jane Ching, Professor of Professional Legal Education An Overview of the Legal Education and Training Review Legal Services Education Jane Ching Not everyone who does a law degree will enter (one of the) legal professions, but… Legal Professions in England and Wales • Regulated under the Legal Services Act 2007 – Solicitor – Barrister – Chartered Legal Executive – Patent Attorney – Licensed Conveyancer –Notary – Registered Trade Mark Attorney –Costs Lawyer – [some accountants] • Regulated separately – Claims Manager – Immigration Advisor • Not currently regulated – Paralegals – Will writers Legal Professions in England and Wales • Regulated under the Legal Services Act 2007 – Solicitor (120,000) – Barrister (15,300) – Chartered Legal Executive (7,500, but c 20,000 CILEx members) – Patent Attorney (1,700) – Licensed Conveyancer (1,100) –Notary (850) – Registered Trade Mark Attorney (620) –Costs Lawyer (400) – [some accountants] • Regulated separately – Claims Manager – Immigration Advisor • Not currently regulated – Paralegals – Will writers • And law librarians, legal secretaries and accountants, barristers’ clerks, legal publishers, -
Lawyer and Client Costs Booklet V1.0
Lawyer and Client Costs CONTENTS PAGES CHAPTER 1 OUTCOMES 2 THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF THE LEGAL SERVICES MARKET 3-10 TYPES OF WORK 11-14 LAWYER CLIENT RETAINERS 15-24 FUNDING METHODS 25-29 CHAPTER 2 OUTCOMES 30 REMUNERATION OF LAWYERS 31-41 ENTERING A RETAINER (COSTS INFORMATION AND ESTIMATES) 42-49 TERMINATION OF THE RETAINER 50-55 CHAPTER 3 OUTCOMES 56 LEGAL ACCOUNTS AND COSTS 57-60 TYPES OF BILL 61-69 COMPLAINTS ABOUT A LAWYERS BILL 70-76 CHAPTER 4 OUTCOMES 77 SOLICITOR AND OWN CLIENT ASSESSMENTS 78-82 LAWYER’S RIGHTS TO RECOVER COSTS 83-93 1 Chapter 1 Learning outcomes After studying this chapter you should understand the following main points: þ the development of the legal services market; þ how work of lawyers may be classified; þ what retainers are, the law that governs retainers and the relevant professional conduct rules; and þ the way matters may be funded. 1.1 The Regulatory Framework of the Legal Services Market 1. Introduction The regulation of legal services has grown as the legal profession developed and expanded over hundreds of years, historically regulations were created by both the profession itself and by governments through legislation. It was the Solicitors Act 1974 that authorised the Council of the Law Society to make rules regulating the professional practice, conduct and discipline of solicitors, and rules relating to the keeping of accounts. Whilst this is still the case in some instances in others, in recent times, the law has changed dramatically. Whilst the Solicitors Act 1974 used to govern the vast majority of persons who conducted litigation, as a result of changes made by the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990, then the Access to Justice Act 1999, and finally the Legal Services Act 2007 the ambit of persons who are able to provide this and other types of legal service has widened considerably to all “authorised persons”. -
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Downloaded from the Humanities Digital Library http://www.humanities-digital-library.org Open Access books made available by the School of Advanced Study, University of London Press ***** Publication details: Legal Records at Risk: A strategy for safeguarding our legal heritage Clare Cowling http://humanities-digital-library.org/index.php/hdl/catalog/book/lrar DOI: 10.14296/919.9781911507154 ***** This edition published 2019 by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED LEGAL STUDIES Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU, United Kingdom ISBN 978-1-911507-15-4 (PDF edition) This work is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses Legal Records at Risk A strategy for safeguarding our legal heritage Clare Cowling THE LEGAL RECORDS AT RISK PROJECT Project patrons: William Twining, Professor of Jurisprudence Emeritus, UCL and Avrom Sherr, Emeritus Professor, IALS Legal Records at Risk A strategy for safeguarding our legal heritage Clare Cowling Associate Research Fellow, IALS and Director, Legal Records at Risk project 2019 First published 2019 © Clare Cowling and contributors, 2019 ISBN 978-1-911507-14-7 (paperback edition) ISBN 978-1-911507-15-4 (PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/919.9781911507154 University of London Press Institute of Advanced Legal Studies Charles Clore House 17 Russell Square London WC1B 5DR Email: [email protected] This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/ Available to download free or to purchase at https://www.sas.ac.uk/publications Any third-party material in this book is published under the book’s Creative Commons license unless indicated otherwise in the credit line to the material. -
Application to the Legal Services Board S.20, Schedule 4, Part 3 of the Legal Services Act 2007
Application to the Legal Services Board S.20, Schedule 4, Part 3 of the Legal Services Act 2007 Applicant: Costs Lawyer Standards Board Purpose: Approval of new route to qualification as a Costs Lawyer under Costs Lawyer competence assessment Date: 26 January 2019 1. Abbreviations ACL Association of Costs Lawyers CLCA Costs Lawyer Competence Assessment CLCT Costs Lawyer Competence Test (name by which the CLCA was initially referred to) CLSB Costs Lawyer Standards Board LSA Legal Services Act 2007 LSB Legal Services Board MCT Multiple choice test 2. Attachments Proposed Costs Lawyer Competence Assessment Handbook with Annex 1-10 inclusive, ACL response and SRA response. 3. This application It is the role of the CLSB to encourage a strong and diverse Costs Lawyer profession as well as ensuring high standards of service. There is only one means of entry into the profession, a prescriptive three-year education program leading to qualification offered by one provider. The CLSB is of the view this creates several barriers, for example: (i) lack of choice on learning methods; and (ii) lack of flexibility on time taken to qualify; and (iii) lack of flexibility on the cost of qualifying; and (iv) it is too onerous on an “earn and learn basis” and therefore likely unattractive to the longer serving costs law practitioners; and (v) it does not offer adequate exemptions for cross qualification for those whose knowledge and skills have already been assessed under another legal qualification; and (vi) the minimum age for commencing the qualification was revised from 16 to 18 following a request by the provider due to the law on educating minors; and (vii) minimum education standards on applying to commence the qualification were applicable. -
Downloaded from SAS Space Open Access Books Made Available by the School of Advanced Study, University of London Press
Downloaded from SAS Space http://www.sas-space.sas.ac.uk Open Access books made available by the School of Advanced Study, University of London Press ***** Publication details: Legal Records at Risk: A strategy for safeguarding our legal heritage Clare Cowling DOI: 10.14296/919.9781911507154 ***** This edition published 2019 by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED LEGAL STUDIES Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU, United Kingdom ISBN 978-1-911507-15-4 (PDF edition) This work is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses Legal Records at Risk A strategy for safeguarding our legal heritage Clare Cowling THE LEGAL RECORDS AT RISK PROJECT Project patrons: William Twining, Professor of Jurisprudence Emeritus, UCL and Avrom Sherr, Emeritus Professor, IALS Legal Records at Risk A strategy for safeguarding our legal heritage Clare Cowling Associate Research Fellow, IALS and Director, Legal Records at Risk project 2019 First published 2019 © Clare Cowling and contributors, 2019 ISBN 978-1-911507-14-7 (paperback edition) ISBN 978-1-911507-15-4 (PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/919.9781911507154 University of London Press Institute of Advanced Legal Studies Charles Clore House 17 Russell Square London WC1B 5DR Email: [email protected] This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/ Available to download free or to purchase at https://www.sas.ac.uk/publications Any third-party material in this book is published under the book’s Creative Commons license unless indicated otherwise in the credit line to the material. -
The Student's Guide to the Leading Law Firms And
2021 The student’s guide to the leading law firms and sets in the UK e-Edition chambers-student.com Connect with us on cbaK Travers Smith is everything you could want from a law firm. First-rate training and market-leading work alongside some of the City’s finest lawyers. Prestigious clients. The opportunity to progress. And all in a supportive, non-hierarchical and inclusive environment. www.traverssmith.com 10 Snow Hill, London EC1A 2AL +44 (0) 20 7295 3000 The Bar A career at the Bar: a preliminary warning p.631 Pupillage and tenancy p.633 Getting Bar ready p.635 Pupillage applications and interviews p.637 Mini-pupillages p.640 The Inns of Court p.643 The Inns of Court p.645 The civil courts of England and Wales p.646 The Chancery Bar p.647 The Commercial Bar p.649 The Common Law Bar p.650 The Criminal Bar p.651 The Employment Bar p.652 The Family Bar p.654 Public law at the Bar p.656 chambersstudent.co.uk A career at the Bar: a preliminary warning A career at the Bar: a preliminary warning The prestige, the power, the nail-biting courtroom drama, the intellectual tussle, the silly wigs: it’s easy to see how joining this profession is quite so competitive. Landing a pupillage (the Bar’s version of a training con- that in the wake of Covid-19, pupillage numbers are likely tract) is, as one pupil we spoke to put it, “a strenuous and to fall to even lower numbers. -
Annex 1 CLCA: Part 1 Statement of Legal Knowledge Core Legal Principles
DRAFT Annex 1 CLCA: Part 1 Statement of legal knowledge Core legal principles This statement sets out the legal knowledge of core legal principles expected of a Costs Lawyer at the point of qualification. 1. THE LEGAL SYSTEM OF ENGLAND & WALES 1(a) The main legal professions Barrister under the Legal Services Solicitor Act 2007 & their Chartered Legal Executive authorised rights Costs Lawyer Conveyancer Trade Mark Attorney Patent Attorney Notary 1(b) The principles of the The Crown & Parliament British constitution Central government Devolved institutions 1(c) Legislation Nature, status & procedure on passing: Primary legislation Delegated legislation 1(d) Privy Council Role 1(e) Law The rule of law Classifications Human Rights Act 1998 1(f) Sources of law Statute Case law European context 1(g) The judiciary Role History Judicial independence 1(h) Rules of interpretation 1(i) Doctrine of precedent Judicial precedent The hierarchy of the courts 1(j) Civil courts Hierarchy, jurisdiction, structure & function: Tribunals County court Family court High court Court of appeal Supreme court 1(k) Criminal courts Hierarchy, jurisdiction, structure & function: Magistrates court Crown court 1(l) Basic principles of criminal Actus Reus (conduct): law Act Omissions Consequences Surrounding circumstances Mens Rea (state of mind): Consequences Intentions Recklessness Gross negligence 1(m) Court of Protection Function Relationship with Public Guardianship Office 1(n) Arbitration Uses of arbitration 1(o) Tribunals Forms of tribunal 1(p) -
Alternative Careers for Law Graduates
Alternative Careers for Law Graduates Career options, within and outside the legal sector, for law graduates not planning to qualify as a solicitor or barrister ? ? 6th edition, June 2017 Alternative Careers for Law Graduates Contents: Page Introduction 3 Reasons for considering alternatives to law 3 Skills gained through studying law 4 Short-term alternatives 4 Opportunities in the legal field or using law directly: Chartered Legal Executive Lawyer 5 Paralegal 6 Barristers' Clerk 6 The Law Commission 6 The Crown Prosecution Service 6 Licensed Conveyancer 7 Costs Lawyer 8 Legal Secretary/PA 8 Legal Publishing 9 Legal Information Work 10 Tax Work 11 Company Secretary 12 Trade Mark Attorney 13 Teaching 14 Community and Advisory Work 15 Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice 15 Careers where a legal knowledge is useful: Human Resource Management and Recruitment 16 Public Sector Management 16 The European Institutions 17 Insurance 17 Compliance 18 Contracts Management and Procurement 18 Journalism 19 Voluntary Organisations 19 Other career options 20 Postgraduate study 21 Frequently-asked questions 22 What next? 23 The Careers and Employability Service 23 Further information and resources 24 2 Introduction This booklet is for law students who: do not plan to go on to qualification as a solicitor or barrister or plan to take some time out to gain useful experience before continuing into professional legal study or just want to know all the options open to law graduates before making a career decision It aims to help you develop your awareness of career options and provide ideas for, and information about, career areas outside and beyond the legal profession. -
Regulation of the Legal Profession in the UK (England and Wales): Overview by Suzanne Rab, Serle Court Chambers
Regulation of the legal profession in the UK (England and..., Practical Law Country... Regulation of the legal profession in the UK (England and Wales): overview by Suzanne Rab, Serle Court Chambers Country Q&A | Law stated as at 01-Nov-2019 | England, Wales A Q&A guide to the regulation of the legal profession in the UK (England and Wales). The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including required qualifications for both domestic and foreign legal professionals working in a jurisdiction; common legal professional structures; national regulators, legal professional insurance and client protection; confidentiality and legal professional privilege; legal fees and fee regulation; client money; and notaries. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Regulation of the legal profession Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the global guide to legal systems. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit global.practicallaw.com/legalprofession-guide. Introduction to the regulatory framework On 23 June 2016, a referendum took place and the people of the UK voted to leave the European Union (EU). On 29 March 2017, the UK Prime Minister served notice of the UK's intention to withdraw from the EU pursuant to Article 50 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), officially triggering a process known as "Brexit". The date for the UK's withdrawal from the EU (and from which all existing EU Treaty obligations would cease to apply to the UK (exit day)) is not certain at the time of writing. Until then, the UK remains subject to its EU law obligations. -
The Challenges Facing Legal Services Education in the 21St Century: a Case for Collaboration and Conversation?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Nottingham Trent Institutional Repository (IRep) The challenges facing legal services education in the 21st Century: a case for collaboration and conversation? Jane Ching1 1 Introduction The genesis of this article is a legal education conference held in Turkey in May 2014, hosted by Atlanta’s John Marshall Law School, Bahçeşehir University and the Turkish Bar Association. As the lone British participant, I was struck by the extent to which all of us were responding, in different ways in our different jurisdictions, to similar crises in and affecting legal education. These crises transcend both the civil and common law dichotomy and the variations between the structures in which pre-qualification education for those intending to provide legal services (“legal services education and training”: LSET2) is delivered. Indeed, in this article it will be my thesis that response to these crises could bring those models closer together. I do, however, apologise to my hosts if this article inadvertently contains any errors about their legal education models, in Turkey or in any part of the USA. 2 The components of a legal services education There is a tendency to focus on the obvious differences between legal education structures, and to argue whether a law degree should be postgraduate or undergraduate, or about the relative contribution of the academy and practitioners to the support and development of young lawyers. In some jurisdictions, including my own, there is an ongoing debate about the role of a university legal education as liberal arts study, or as a preparation for the practice of law.