DOCSLIB.ORG

Rhopilema Nomadica, Pelagia Noctiluca, Aequorea Forskalea, Biochemical Composition, Sugar, Protein, Lipid, Organic Carbon, Organic Nitrogen, Organic Phosphorus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rhopilema Nomadica, Pelagia Noctiluca, Aequorea Forskalea, Biochemical Composition, Sugar, Protein, Lipid, Organic Carbon, Organic Nitrogen, Organic Phosphorus Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (93) No. (1) 7112 Contribtion study in biochemical composition of jellyfish (Rhopilema nomadica, Pelagia noctiluca and Aequorea forskalea) In the coastal water of Lattakia port Dr. Samar Ikhtiyar * Dr. Hani Durgham ** Reem Abdulkarim Ibraheem*** (Received 24 / 7 / 7112. Accepted 4 / 1 /7112 ) ABSTRACT Due to the lack informations on Biochemical of jellyfish in the Syrian waters, the aim of this paper is determining the nutritional value and organic content for each of the species Rhopilemanomadica, Pelagianoctiluca and Aequorea forskalea, and compared the biochemical composition of the three types , so the comparison showed clear differences in the content of organic material, the sugar were the most concentrated in the three species and lipid comes in second class, and then followed by the protein content and organic carbon.A.forskalea was the most containing sugar and R.nomadica the most lipids content, and P.noctiluca were the most protein content.R.nomadic was the highest content in organic carbon, R.nomadica and P.noctiluca were convergent contents of organic phosphorus, while the least contain of organic nitrogenwas in A.forskalea. Keywords:, Rhopilema nomadica, Pelagia noctiluca, Aequorea forskalea, biochemical composition, sugar, protein, lipid, organic carbon, organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus. *Associated Professor - marine Biology Department – High Institute of Marine Research – Tishreen University- Lattakia- Syria. **Associated Professor - marine Biology Department – High Institute of Marine Research – Tishreen University- Lattakia- Syria. ***M.Sc. Student - Marine Biology Department – High Institute of Marine Research – Tishreen University- Lattakia- Syria. 135 Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (93) No. (1) 7112 )Rhopilema nomadica, Pelagia noctiluca, Aequorea forskalea) * ** *** Aequorea forskalea Pelagia noctiluca Rhopilema nomadica Rhopilema nomadica Aequorea forskalea Pelagia noctiluca Rhopilema nomadica Rhopilema nomadica A.forskalea Pelagia noctiluca Aequorea forskalea, Rhopilema nomadic, Pelagia noctiluca * ** *** 136 مجلة جامعة تشرين العلوم البيولوجية المجلد )93( العدد )Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 7112 )1 Matsakis and 2002 Conover,1991, Purcell, 1997, PURCELL & ARAI 2001 Pauly et al., 2008 Heaslip et al., 2012 Rhopilema nomadica Rhopilema nomadica McClatchie,1985 Raymont & conover, 1961 Clarke, 1977; Ohman, 1988; Vieira et al., 2002; Azeitiro et al., 2003; Caladoetal., 2005 Yousefian and Kideys, 2003 24.5% Schneider, (Percy And Fife, 1981) 1992; Lucas et al., 2011 Schoener, 1971; Wang & Jeffs, 2013 137 Arai,1997; Pages et al., 1996, 2001 Aequorea forskalea Pelagia noctiluca Rhopilema nomadica ( m cm WP3 Hale, 1999; king, 2008 Lowry et al.,1951 Folan- Ciocalteu Reagent 138 مجلة جامعة تشرين العلوم البيولوجية المجلد )93( العدد )Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 7112 )1 700 (Malara &Chara, 1972 Dubois et al.,1956 Bligh and Dyer,1959 600nm 490nm N Lowry et al.,1951 Johnson,1949 Murphy & Reily1962 mol/l mol/l Rhopilema nomadic Durgham et al.,2016 Pelagia noctiluca Aequorea forskalea (Gurlek et al.,2013) Scyphozoa Cnidaria Rhopilema nomadica Rhopilema Rhizstomatidae Rhizostomeae Galil et al., 1990; Spanir & Galil,1991 2 139 Rhopilema nomadica 2 Scyphozoa Cnidaria Pelagia noctiluca Pelagia Pelagiidae Semaeostomae Canepa et al., 2014 3 Pelagia noctiluca 3 Hydrozoa Cnidaria Aequorea forskalea Aequorea Aequoreidae Leptomedusae Kramp, 1956, 1968; Bouillon 4 et al, 2004; Schuchert, 2013 140 مجلة جامعة تشرين العلوم البيولوجية المجلد )93( العدد )Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 7112 )1 Aequorea forskalea 4 A.forskalea, R.nomadica, P.noctiluca Aequorea forskalea Pelagia noctiluca Wakabayashi et al., 2016 Chrysaora pacifica, Aurelia aurita A.forskalea R.nomadica P.noctiluca R.nomadica A.forskalea P.noctiluca P.noctiluca R.nomadica A.forskalea 4 141 A.forskalea, R.nomadica, P.noctiluca 0.005% R.nomadica A.forskalea P.noctiluca 5 5 R.nomadica P.noctiluca A.forskalea A.forskalea P.noctiluca R.nomadica A.forskalea P.noctiluca R.nomadica A.forskalea Zavodnik, 1991 142 مجلة جامعة تشرين العلوم البيولوجية المجلد )93( العدد )Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 7112 )1 Aequorea forskalea Pelagia noctiluca Rhopilema nomadica Aequorea forskalea Pelagia noctiluca Rhopilema nomadica Rhopilema nomadica 143 Ponce et al., 2016 0.14% 0.002% 0.008% 0.05% Milisenda et al., 2014 Rhopilema nomadic 144 مجلة جامعة تشرين العلوم البيولوجية المجلد )93( العدد )Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 7112 )1 (Carli et al., 1991 Rhizostoma 11.98 8.7 Cotylorhiza tuberculata pulmo 13.73 36.84 7.55 Rhopilema nomadica Bougis, 1974; Gorsky et al., 1988; Larson, 1986 R.nomadica R.nomadica 95% A.forskalea P.noctiluca R.nomadica R.nomadica 145 (Mastronicolis et al., 1991) Pelagia noctiluca (Flint et al., 1991) 0.47% % Vinogradov % % Rhopilema & Shushkina, 1987; Ikeda & Mitchell ,1982 nomadica Rhopilema A.forskalea Pelagia noctiluca nomadica (1) ARAI, M. N. A Functional Biology of Scyphozoa. Chapman & Hall, London. 1997. 316 pp. (2) AZEITEIRO, U.; FONSECA, J.; PASTORINHO, R.; MORGADO, F.; MARQUES, J. Patterns of variation in the biochemical composition of Mesopodopsiss labberi (Van Beneden, 1861) (Crustacea: Mysidacea). Bull. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr., Vol. 194, 2003, 33-442. (3) BLIGH, E.G.; DYER, W.J. Arapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Cana. Journal of Bioch .& physiol .Vol. 37, No. 8,1959, 911-917. (4) BOUILLON, J; MEDEL, D. M ; PAGES, F; GILI, J.M; BOERO, F and GRAVILI; C. Fauna of the Mediterranean Hydrozoa .Suppl. 2, SCIENTIA MARINA, 2004, 5-438. (5) BOUGIS, P. Ecologie du planctonmarin . II Le zooplancton .Masson et CieEditeur,1974, 200p. (6) CALADO, R.; ROSA, R.; Nunes, M.; Narciso, L. Amino and fatty acid dynamics of Lysmataseticaudata (Decapoda:Hippolytidae) embryos during early and late reproductive seasons. Marine Biology, Vol. 147, 2005, 341-351. 146 مجلة جامعة تشرين العلوم البيولوجية المجلد )93( العدد )Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 7112 )1 (7) CALDER, D. R. An Illustrated key to Cubozoan and Scyphozoan jellyfishes of the South Atlantic Bight. Southeastern Regional Taxonomic Center (SERTC) , South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. 2008. 18pp. (8) CANEPA, A.; FUENTES, V.; SABATE´S, A.; PIRAINO, S.; BOERO, F. Pelagia noctiluca in the Mediterranean Sea. In: Pitt KA, Lucas CH, editors. Jellyfishblooms. Springer Netherlands, 2014, pp. 237–266. (9) CARLI,A; PANE,L; VALENTE,T; CATTA, S. Lipid and protein content of jelly fish from the Liguriansea . First results. MAP Tech . .Rep .Series ,No. 47, 1991, 236-240 . (10) CLARKE, A. Lipid class and fatty acid composition of Chorismu santarcticus (Crustacea-Decapoda) at South Georgia. J exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.,Vol.28, 1977, 297-314. (11) DUBIOS, M.; GIELLET, K.A.; HAMILTON, J.K.; REBERS, P.A.; SMITH, F. Colorometric method for determination of sugar and related substances . Analytical Chemistry , 28, 1956, 350-356 . (12) Durgham, H. , Ikhtiyar S. First records of alien toxic algae Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) from the Mediterranean Coast of Syria. AGJSR 30 (1) 2012: 58- 60. (13) Durgham, H., 2011 - First Records of Phyllorhiza punctata von Lendenfeld, 1884 (Cnidaria: Rhizostomeae) from the Mediterranean Coast of Syria. International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography . ISSN 0973-2667 Volume 5, Number 2 (2011), pp. 153-155. (14) DURGHAM, H.; Ikhtiyar, S. and Ibraheem, R. First record of Pelagia noctiluca (Forssk ål, 1775) on the coast of Syria. Marine Biodiversity Records, Dec 2016. (15) FLINT, M.V.; DRITS, A.V.; Pasternak, A. F. Characteristics features of body composition and metabolism in some inrezonal copepods. Marine biology.111, 1991, 199- 205 . (16) FORSKAL, P. Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere oriental observavit, post mortem editit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae, pp-ixxiv, Copenhagen, 1775, 1-164. (17) GALIL, B.S.; SPANIER, E.; Ferguson, W.W. The Scyphomedusae of the Mediterranean coast of lsrael, including two Lessepsian migrants new to the Mediterranean. Zool. Mededelingen, 64, 1990, 95-105. (18) GORSKY, G; SERGE ,D; JACQUES, S; ROBERT, F; CLAUDE, C; And ISABELLE P.C and N composition of some north western Mediterranean Zooplankton and micronecton species. J.Exp.Mar. Biol . Ecol. VOL.124,1988, pp.133-144 Elsevier. (19) Gurlek, M; Yağlıoğlu, D; Erguden, D; Turan, C. A new jellyfish species in the Turkish coastal waters Aequorea forskalea Peron and Lesueur, 1810 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). J Black Sea/Medit Environ 19, 2013,380–384. (20) HALE, G.The Classification and Distribution of the Class Scyphozoa. BI 375 - Biological Diversity, University of Oregon, 1999. 43 pp. (21) HEASLIP, S.G; IVERSON, S.J; BOWEN, W.D; JAMES, M.C. Jellyfish support high energy intake of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelyscoriacea): video evidence from animal-borne cameras. PLoS One 7: e33259, 2012. Available: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3306388&tool=pmcentrez&ren dertype=abstct .Accessed 2014 February 10. (22) IKEDA, T.; MICHELL, A.W. Oxygen uptake .ammonia execretion by krill and other antaractic zooplankton in relation to their body size and chemical composition. Mar .Biol., 71, 3, 1982, 283 -298 . (23) JONSON, M.J. Rapid micromethod for estimation of non volation organic matter .J.Biol . Chem. 181,1949, 707-711. 147 (24) KOGOVŠEK, T.; TINTA, T.; KLUN, K.; MALEJ, A. Jellyfish biochemical
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mediterranean Marine Science
    Mediterranean Marine Science Vol. 13, 2012 First record of Aequorea globosa Eschscholtz, 1829 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the coast of Syria MAMISH S. Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Department of Protection and Safety, P.O. Box 6091, Damascus DURUGHAM H. Tishreen University, High Institute of Marine Research, Department of Marine Biology, Lattakia SAID AL MASRI M. Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Department of Protection and Safety, P.O. Box 6091, Damascus https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.306 Copyright © 2012 To cite this article: MAMISH, S., DURUGHAM, H., & SAID AL MASRI, M. (2012). First record of Aequorea globosa Eschscholtz, 1829 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the coast of Syria. Mediterranean Marine Science, 13(2), 259-261. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.306 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 21/02/2020 06:58:00 | Short Communication Mediterranean Marine Science Indexed in WoS (Web of Science, ISI Thomson) and SCOPUS The journal is available on line at http://www.medit-mar-sc.net First record of Aequorea globosa Eschscholtz, 1829 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the coast of Syria S. MAMISH1, H. DURGHAM2 and M. SAID AL-MASRI1 1 Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Department of Protection and Safety, P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria 2 Tishreen University, High Institute of Marine Research, Department of Marine Biology, Lattakia, Syria Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: 21 June 2012; Accepted: 02 August 2012; Published on line: 7 September 2012 Abstract The Indo-Pacific jellyfish Aequorea globosa Eschscholtz, 1829 was reported last year for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea from Iskenderun Bay (S.
    [Show full text]
  • CNIDARIA Corals, Medusae, Hydroids, Myxozoans
    FOUR Phylum CNIDARIA corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans STEPHEN D. CAIRNS, LISA-ANN GERSHWIN, FRED J. BROOK, PHILIP PUGH, ELLIOT W. Dawson, OscaR OcaÑA V., WILLEM VERvooRT, GARY WILLIAMS, JEANETTE E. Watson, DENNIS M. OPREsko, PETER SCHUCHERT, P. MICHAEL HINE, DENNIS P. GORDON, HAMISH J. CAMPBELL, ANTHONY J. WRIGHT, JUAN A. SÁNCHEZ, DAPHNE G. FAUTIN his ancient phylum of mostly marine organisms is best known for its contribution to geomorphological features, forming thousands of square Tkilometres of coral reefs in warm tropical waters. Their fossil remains contribute to some limestones. Cnidarians are also significant components of the plankton, where large medusae – popularly called jellyfish – and colonial forms like Portuguese man-of-war and stringy siphonophores prey on other organisms including small fish. Some of these species are justly feared by humans for their stings, which in some cases can be fatal. Certainly, most New Zealanders will have encountered cnidarians when rambling along beaches and fossicking in rock pools where sea anemones and diminutive bushy hydroids abound. In New Zealand’s fiords and in deeper water on seamounts, black corals and branching gorgonians can form veritable trees five metres high or more. In contrast, inland inhabitants of continental landmasses who have never, or rarely, seen an ocean or visited a seashore can hardly be impressed with the Cnidaria as a phylum – freshwater cnidarians are relatively few, restricted to tiny hydras, the branching hydroid Cordylophora, and rare medusae. Worldwide, there are about 10,000 described species, with perhaps half as many again undescribed. All cnidarians have nettle cells known as nematocysts (or cnidae – from the Greek, knide, a nettle), extraordinarily complex structures that are effectively invaginated coiled tubes within a cell.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Marine Macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T
    NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 19 An annotated checklist of the marine macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T. Drumm • Katherine P. Maslenikov Robert Van Syoc • James W. Orr • Robert R. Lauth Duane E. Stevenson • Theodore W. Pietsch November 2016 U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Professional Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce National Oceanic Papers NMFS and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D. Sullivan Scientific Editor* Administrator Richard Langton National Marine National Marine Fisheries Service Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center Maine Field Station Eileen Sobeck 17 Godfrey Drive, Suite 1 Assistant Administrator Orono, Maine 04473 for Fisheries Associate Editor Kathryn Dennis National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology Economics and Social Analysis Division 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 178 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Managing Editor Shelley Arenas National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Publications Office 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115 Editorial Committee Ann C. Matarese National Marine Fisheries Service James W. Orr National Marine Fisheries Service The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS (ISSN 1931-4590) series is pub- lished by the Scientific Publications Of- *Bruce Mundy (PIFSC) was Scientific Editor during the fice, National Marine Fisheries Service, scientific editing and preparation of this report. NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115. The Secretary of Commerce has The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series carries peer-reviewed, lengthy original determined that the publication of research reports, taxonomic keys, species synopses, flora and fauna studies, and data- this series is necessary in the transac- intensive reports on investigations in fishery science, engineering, and economics. tion of the public business required by law of this Department.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Jellyfish Species in the Turkish Coastal Waters - Aequorea Forskalea Péron & Lesueur, 1810 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)
    J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment Vol. 19, No. 3: 380˗384 (2013) SHORT COMMUNICATION A new jellyfish species in the Turkish coastal waters - Aequorea forskalea Péron & Lesueur, 1810 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) Mevlüt Gürlek1, Deniz Yağlıoğlu2, Deniz Ergüden1, Cemal Turan1* 1Marine Science and Technology Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, 31220 Iskenderun, Hatay, TURKEY 2Biodiversity Implementation and Research Center (DU–BIYOM), Duzce University, Duzce, TURKEY *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Aequorea forskalea Péron & Lesueur, 1810 was recorded for the first time from the Turkish coastal waters. A. forskalea was observed from January 2012 until September 2012 in Iskenderun Bay, the northeastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The occurrence of this species in the Turkish coastal waters may be related to its extension from the western Mediterranean waters. Keywords: Jellyfish, Aequorea forskalea, Turkish Coastal Waters. Introduction The family Aequoreidae include five genera (Aequorea, Aldersladia, Gangliostoma, Rhacostoma and Zygocanna) in the world, of which only Aequorea and Zygocanna genera are found in the Mediterranean Sea (Bouillon et al. 2004; Schuchert 2013). The genus Aequorea has 24 species in the world and 3 species in the Mediterranean Sea (Bouillon et al. 2004; WoRMS 2013). Aequorea forskalea Péron and Lesueur, 1810, common in north-western Europe, from where it extends southwards along the west coast of Africa as far as the Gulf of Guinea, on the east coast of Africa and Indian Ocean and Mediterranean. A. forskalea also occurs on the Pacific coast of North America (Kramp 1956; 1968; Navas-Pereira and Vannucci 1991; Bouillon et al. 2004; Schuchert 2013). In the Mediterranean, A. forskalea is distributed in the eastern 380 and western Mediterranean, including the Adriatic (Bouillon et al.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Convergent evolution of eyes with divergent gene expression in jellyfish Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gf789cz Author Picciani de Souza, Natasha Publication Date 2020 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California University of California Santa Barbara Convergent evolution of eyes with divergent gene expression in jellyfish A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology by Natasha Picciani de Souza Committee in charge: Professor Todd H. Oakley, Chair Professor Celina E. Juliano, University of California Davis Professor Stephen R. Proulx December 2020 The dissertation of Natasha Picciani de Souza is approved. _____________________________________________ Prof. Stephen R. Proulx _____________________________________________ Prof. Celina E. Juliano, University of California Davis _____________________________________________ Prof. Todd H. Oakley, Committee Chair November 2020 Convergent evolution of eyes with divergent gene expression in jellyfish Copyright © 2020 by Natasha Picciani de Souza iii Acknowlegments I am sincerely grateful to Professor Todd Oakley for giving me the chance to pursue graduate school in one of the very best schools in the United States, for his patience and encouragement over all these years, for his immense support and, more than anything, for his empathy and trust during times of struggle. I am also very thankful to Professors Celina Juliano and Stephen Proulx for their very thoughtful suggestions that guided much of my research. To all my friends in the Oakley Lab, past and present, I am thankful for years of friendship, collegial support, coffee breaks, fun trips, memes, and scientific insights that significantly contributed to the work that I did.
    [Show full text]
  • Invertebrate Fauna of Korea
    Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 4, Number 3 Cnidaria: Hydrozoa Hydromedusae Flora and Fauna of Korea National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment Russia CB Chungcheongbuk-do CN Chungcheongnam-do HB GB Gyeongsangbuk-do China GG Gyeonggi-do YG GN Gyeongsangnam-do GW Gangwon-do HB Hamgyeongbuk-do JG HN Hamgyeongnam-do HWB Hwanghaebuk-do HN HWN Hwanghaenam-do PB JB Jeollabuk-do JG Jagang-do JJ Jeju-do JN Jeollanam-do PN PB Pyeonganbuk-do PN Pyeongannam-do YG Yanggang-do HWB HWN GW East Sea GG GB (Ulleung-do) Yellow Sea CB CN GB JB GN JN JJ South Sea Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 4, Number 3 Cnidaria: Hydrozoa Hydromedusae 2012 National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 4, Number 3 Cnidaria: Hydrozoa Hydromedusae Jung Hee Park The University of Suwon Copyright ⓒ 2012 by the National Institute of Biological Resources Published by the National Institute of Biological Resources Environmental Research Complex, Nanji-ro 42, Seo-gu Incheon, 404-708, Republic of Korea www.nibr.go.kr All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the National Institute of Biological Resources. ISBN : 9788994555836-96470 Government Publications Registration Number 11-1480592-000244-01 Printed by Junghaengsa, Inc. in Korea on acid-free paper Publisher : Yeonsoon Ahn Project Staff : Joo-Lae Cho, Ye Eun, Sang-Hoon Hahn Published on March 23, 2012 The Flora and Fauna of Korea logo was designed to represent six major target groups of the project including vertebrates, invertebrates, insects, algae, fungi, and bacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecology and Evolution of Fluorescence Marie-Lyne Macel, Filomena Ristoratore, Annamaria Locascio, Antonietta Spagnuolo, Paolo Sordino* and Salvatore D’Aniello*
    Macel et al. Zoological Letters (2020) 6:9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-020-00161-9 REVIEW Open Access Sea as a color palette: the ecology and evolution of fluorescence Marie-Lyne Macel, Filomena Ristoratore, Annamaria Locascio, Antonietta Spagnuolo, Paolo Sordino* and Salvatore D’Aniello* Abstract Fluorescence and luminescence are widespread optical phenomena exhibited by organisms living in terrestrial and aquatic environments. While many underlying mechanistic features have been identified and characterized at the molecular and cellular levels, much less is known about the ecology and evolution of these forms of bioluminescence. In this review, we summarize recent findings in the evolutionary history and ecological functions of fluorescent proteins (FP) and pigments. Evidence for green fluorescent protein (GFP) orthologs in cephalochordates and non-GFP fluorescent proteins in vertebrates suggests unexplored evolutionary scenarios that favor multiple independent origins of fluorescence across metazoan lineages. Several context-dependent behavioral and physiological roles have been attributed to fluorescent proteins, ranging from communication and predation to UV protection. However, rigorous functional and mechanistic studies are needed to shed light on the ecological functions and control mechanisms of fluorescence. Keywords: Fluorescence, fluorescent proteins, Tree of life, Function, Metazoan, Evolution Background The discoverers of GFP showed that calcium ion binding The emission of light by living organisms relies on two triggers the emission of blue light from aequorin at 470 primary mechanisms; natural luminescence, based on nm, in turn prompting an energy transfer to GFP, which endogenous chemical reactions, and fluorescence, in emits light at a longer wavelength, giving off green fluor- which absorbed light is converted into a longer wave- escence at 508 nm [3, 4].
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,146,826 Chalfie Et Al
    USOO6146826A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,146,826 Chalfie et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Nov. 14, 2000 54 GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN Inouye, S. And Tsuji, F.I., (1994) “Aequorea green fluores cent protein -Expression of the gene and fluorescence 75 Inventors: Martin Chalfie, New York, N.Y.; characteristics of the recombinant protein,” FEBS Letters Douglas Prasher, East Falmouth, Mass. 341:277-280. Perozzo, et al., (1987), “X-ray Diffraction and Time-re 73 Assignees: The Trustees of Columbia University Solved Fluorescence Analyses of Aequorea Green Fluores in the City of New York, New York, cent Protein Crystals' The Journal of Biological Chemistry N.Y.; Woods Hole Oceanographic 7713-7716. Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. Prasher, D.C., (1995) “Using GFP to see the light” Science 11:320-323. * Notice: This patent issued on a continued pros Prendergast, F.G. and Mann, K.G., (1978) “Chemical and ecution application filed under 37 CFR physical properties of Aequorin and the green fluorescent 1.53(d), and is subject to the twenty year protein isolated from Aequorea forskalea, Biochemistry patent term provisions of 35 U.S.C. 17:3448-3453. 154(a)(2). Ward, W.W. and Bokman, S.H., (1982) “Reversible dena 21 Appl. No.: 08/367,236 turation of Aequorea green-fluorescent protein: Physical Separation and characterization of the renatured protein,” 22 PCT Filed: Sep. 9, 1994 Biochemistry 21:4535–4544. 86 PCT No.: PCT/US94/101.65 “Glowing method is found to tag work of genes,” (1994) Columbia University Record, 19:1 and 6. S371 Date: Jun.
    [Show full text]
  • Synopsis of the Families and Genera of the Hydromedusae of the World, with a List of the Worldwide Species
    Phylogeny and Classification of Hydroidomedusae SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF THE HYDROMEDUSAE OF THE WORLD, WITH A LIST OF THE WORLDWIDE SPECIES. Jean Bouillon (1) and Ferdinando Boero (2) (1) Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Ave F. D. Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium. (2) Dipartimento di Biologia, Stazione di Biologia Marina, Università di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy. Abstract: This report provides a systematic review of the pelagic Hydrozoa, Siphonophores excluded; diagnoses and keys are given for the different families and genera with a short description of their hydroid stage where known; a list of the world-wide hydromedusae species is established. Key words: Hydrozoa, Automedusae, Hydroidomedusae, systematics, diagnosis A: INTRODUCTION: The hydromedusae are on the whole one of the best known groups of all the Hydrozoa, three great monographs covering the world-wide described species having been dedicated to them, the first by Haeckel (1879-1880), the second by Mayer (1910) and the last by Kramp (1961). A generic revision has been done by Bouillon, 1985, 1995 and several large surveys covering various 47 Thalassia Salentina n. 24/2000 geographical regions have been published in recent times, more particularly, those by Kramp, 1959 the “Atlantic and adjacent waters”, 1968 “Pacific and Indian Ocean”, Arai and Brinckmann-Voss, 1980 “British Columbia and Puget Sound”; Bouillon, 1999 “South Atlantic”; Bouillon and Barnett, 1999 “New- Zealand”; Boero and Bouillon, 1993 and Bouillon et al, (in preparation) “ Mediterranean”; they all largely improved our knowledge about systematics and hydromedusan biodiversity. The present work is a compilation of all the genera and species of hydromedusae known, built up from literature since Kramp’s 1961 synopsis to a few months before publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)(Thecate Hydroids) Willem Vervoort and Jeanette E
    ISSN 1174–0043; 119 (Print) ISSN 2463-638X; 119 (Online) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand:Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)(Thecate Hydroids) Willem Vervoort and Jeanette E. Watson Willem Vervoort The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids) Willem Vervoort and Jeanette E. Watson NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ COVER PHOTO: Endemic Dictyocladium monilifer (Hutton, 1873), Red Baron Caves, Poor Knights Islands. Photo: Malcolm Francis, NIWA.. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (NIWA) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids) Willem Vervoort National Museum of Natural History P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden THE NETHERLANDS Jeanette E. Watson Honorary Associate, Museum of Victoria Melbourne 3000, AUSTRALIA NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119 2003 1 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Cataloguing in Publication VERVOORT, W.; WATSON, J.E. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids) / by Willem Vervoort and Jeanette E. Watson — Wellington : NIWA (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research), 2003 (NIWA Biodiversity memoir, ISSN 0083–7908: 119) ISBN 0-478-23261-6 I.
    [Show full text]
  • Mediterranean Pelagic Habitat Oceanographic and Biological Processes, an Overview Maurizio Würtz
    Mediterranean Pelagic Habitat Oceanographic and Biological Processes, An Overview Maurizio Würtz INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE IUCN-MED Parque Tecnológico de Andalucia Marie Curie, 22 29590 - Campanillas (Malaga) [email protected] Tel +34 95 202 84 30 Fax +34 95 202 81 45 www.iucn.org/mediterranean Core support to the IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation is provided by: Mediterranean Pelagic Habitat Oceanographic and Biological Processes, An Overview ABOUT IUCN IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world fi nd pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. IUCN works on biodiversity, climate change, energy, human livelihoods and greening the world economy by supporting scientifi c research, managing fi eld projects all over the world, and bringing governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice. IUCN is the world’s oldest and largest global environmental organization, with more than 1,000 government and NGO members and almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 countries. IUCN’s work is supported by over 1,000 staff in 60 offi ces and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world. www.iucn.org Mediterranean Pelagic Habitat Oceanographic and Biological Processes, An Overview Maurizio Würtz Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Genova, ITALY April 2010 1 5 8 2 6 3 4 7 910 Cover pictures: 1 Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta). 2 Striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba). 3 Copepod, female of Centropages kroyeri. Photo: Stéphane Gasparini, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche. 4 Jewell squid (Histioteuthis reversa). 5 Atlantic, Strait of Gibraltar and Alboran Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Southwest Atlantic Ocean, Argentina) M
    Dutto et al. Marine Biodiversity Records (2017) 10:14 DOI 10.1186/s41200-017-0114-1 MARINE RECORD Open Access Medusae and ctenophores from the Bahía Blanca Estuary and neighboring inner shelf (Southwest Atlantic Ocean, Argentina) M. Sofía Dutto1,2*, Gabriel N. Genzano1,3,4, Agustín Schiariti1,3,5, Julieta Lecanda6,7, Mónica S. Hoffmeyer1,2,8 and Paula D. Pratolongo1,2,9 Abstract An updated checklist of medusae and ctenophores is presented for the first time for the area comprised by the Bahía Blanca Estuary, the adjacent shelf El Rincón and Monte Hermoso beach, on the southwest coast of Buenos Aires province (Argentina). The area is highly productive and provides several ecosystem services including fishing and tourism. Updated information on the biodiversity of medusae and ctenophores species is essential for the study area, given that these species can affect ecosystem services. The list includes 23 hydromedusae, 3 scyphomedusae, and 3 ctenophores. Five hydromedusae (Halitiara formosa, Amphinema dinema, Aequorea forskalea, Clytia lomae and Halopsis ocellata) were firstly observed in this area. Three species of medusae, 2 hydromedusae (Olindias sambaquiensis and Liriope tetraphylla) and 1 scyphomedusae (Chrysaora lactea) pose a potential health risk, due to their toxicity to humans. Considering the size of the study area, the Bahía Blanca region has a comparatively high species richness of hydromedusae, higher than larger zones previously studied along the temperate SW Atlantic Ocean. The present report provides the baseline knowledge of gelatinous species for the Bahía Blanca region. Keywords: Gelatinous species, Composition, Richness, Coastal ecosystem, South America Introduction purposes, and provide space for industrial, port and com- Our knowledge of gelatinous fauna (medusae and cteno- mercial activities (Acha et al.
    [Show full text]