Newsletter “Research in Germany“ Issue 25, June 2014
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Newsletter “Research in Germany“ Issue 25, June 2014 www.research-in-germany.de Dear Readers, personal encounters CONTENTS and for digital educa- Science thrives on dialogue. Today, more tion. This is the reason than ever before, this dialogue must be con- why my Ministry, the INTERVIEW ducted at an international level and reach Federal Ministry of Edu- beyond individual disciplines. This requires fo- cation and Research, LINDAU NOBEL LAUREATE MEETINGS rums that are separate from universities and wholeheartedly sup- institutes. The Lindau Nobel Laureate Meet- ports both the Lindau SCIENCE AND RESEARCH NEWS ings stand for a lively exchange at the highest Meetings and the Me- level. They provide an opportunity for leading diatheque. RECENT RESEARCH COOPERATION and early-career researchers, industry and politics to come together. The meetings also I attended my first Lindau Nobel Laureate LATEST R&D FUNDING PROGRAMMES AND ACTIVITIES underline Germany’s claim to being one of the Meeting last year and was fascinated by the world’s foremost locations for science. mixture of established and upcoming scien- CURRENT R&D POLICY tists. I hope that Lindau will continue to inspire At the same time, Lindau is more than the science in as many places as possible through- LAST BUT NOT LEAST meeting of Nobel Laureates. The Lindau out the world. Mediatheque is putting together a unique EVENTS collection of lectures by the world’s leading scientists. People are gaining round-the-clock access to scientific information. Lindau thus Prof. Dr. Johanna Wanka, provides two outstanding opportunities: for Federal Minister of Education and Research MEDICINE/PHYSIOLOGY INTERVIEW The Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings – “A fabulous forum for a real scientific exchange” Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Erwin Neher was director at the Max Planck Institute for Biophys- ical Chemistry in Göttingen between 1983 and 2011 and currently heads the Emeritus Group of Membrane Biophysics. Neher was awarded the 1991 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with Bert Sakmann for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells. “Inspire” is one of the keywords in the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings’ leitmotif. Does inspiration only apply to the young scientists or do the Nobel Laureates also get their share? I can assure you that there is inspiration on both sides. It is for this reason that I will attend the meeting this summer for the 13th time. The Lindau Meetings are by no means a one-way street where Nobel Laureates hold their lectures and the students are awestruck with respect. On the contrary, the numerous conversations with the next generation of a global scientific elite dig deeply into the everyday reality of young scientists and let me participate in the latest research findings. The enriching encounters occur not only as part of the official programme, e.g. in the discussion sessions when young scientists controversially reflect about current research findings and have a lively debate with laureates and students alike. Equally inspiring are the informal talks Nobel Laureate Erwin Neher during his lecture at alongside the meeting at the social events or during the breaks. That is why the Lindau the 63rd Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting, 2013. Nobel Laureate Meetings are a fabulous forum for a real scientific exchange. 1 Research in Germany – Land of Ideas Issue 25, June 2014 For the first time in the history of the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings there are more women than men among the young participants at the 64th meeting: 52 to 48%. How do you rate the importance of fostering women in science? Since my first attendance in the early 1990s the meetings have seen constant adjust- ment regarding the gender balance. Certainly the expertise must be the critical factor for attendance but women play a key role especially in medical research and this has to be mirrored in Lindau. There may be a difference in how women and men approach certain problems, but diversity is definitely beneficial for research. Beyond doubt the compatibility of family and work is still a problem and needs to be addressed. In Ger- many conditions have improved, but there is still a long way to go e.g. in expanding childcare facilities. I am well aware that the number of women awarded the Nobel Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Prize is still very small but looking at the young generation of scientists I am sure it will in- Göttingen crease significantly over the years to come. I am very much looking forward to meeting the laureates Ada Yonath, Elizabeth Blackburn and Fran oise Barré-Sinoussi in Lindau. In your lecture at the 64th Lindau Meeting you will be talking about “Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity”. What does this imply? Is there a connection to one of the Lindau Meeting’s key topics “transport mechanisms in cells”? The performance of the brain and the regulatory processes of the peripheral nervous system are dependent on the functioning of the ten billion nerve cells, each of which is connected by synapses to an average of approximately ten thousand other nerve cells. Unlike electronic data processing systems, these interconnections are not rigid but adapt in many ways as a function of the data flow through the neural network. In order to understand the way in which the central nervous system works, and also to understand this “plasticity”, it is essential to know not only the mechanism of signal transmission but also to explore why and how the intensities of these connections change as a function of data flow. Most neuroscientists are interested in long-term changes in the connectivity between neurons, because these are held to underlie learning and memory. My laboratory has concentrated on short-term changes, since they are part of the schemes by which the central nervous system solves basic signal processing tasks, such as adaptation, filtering, gaining control and short-term memory. The key topic, transport mechanisms, is certainly linked to these processes, because some of the short-term changes are caused by changes in the second messenger calcium, the intracellular concentration of which is controlled by a variety of transport mecha- nisms. Likewise, synaptic vesicles need to be recycled during sustained neuronal activity, which requires well-controlled transport of membranes and organelles. 64th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting Your discoveries on currents of single ion channels in cells and your invention of the 29 June – 4 July 2014 patch-clamp technique were groundbreaking. Are you still working in this field? No, I stopped working on ion channels already in the late 1980s and turned towards 5th Lindau Meeting on calcium signalling and neurotransmitter and hormone release. Both phenomena are, of Economic Sciences course, regulated by ion channels, and we study these processes on the single cell level 20 – 23 August 2014 with modifications of the technique which we had developed for ion channel research. www.lindau-nobel.org In 2013, Thomas C. Südhof received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Born in Germany but working in the United States, his award provoked a discus- A video of Professor Neher’s lecture sion about working conditions for scientists in Germany. You did part of your will be added to the Lindau Media- research in the US. How do you perceive the different research landscapes? theque, comprising videos, pictures, Considering the different funding systems, it is quite hard to compare both landscapes. abstracts, mini lectures and laureate In my opinion, the best American institutions perform better than most German ones profiles compiled in the long history whereas the average German institutions perform better than the average American re- of the Lindau Meetings: search universities. In the US system, competition is more demanding and the research landscape is more diversified than the German one with both aspects being somewhat www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org exaggerated. In Germany we have quite a good balance between these two aspects, while the optimum might be positioned slightly more towards competition and diversity. Professor Neher, thank you very much for this interview. More information: www.mpibpc.mpg.de/en Contact: Dr. Carmen Rotte, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Email: [email protected] 2 www.research-in-germany.de Research in Germany – Land of Ideas LINDAU NOBEL LAUREATE MEETINGS An interactive archive of science history Where do most Nobel Laureates carry out their research these days? When did Stanford University surpass the University of Göttingen as the hub for Nobel Prize awarded sci- ence? With which institutions was Albert Einstein affiliated? All these questions and more can be answered with “Penzias Painting”, a new feature of the recently redesigned Lindau Mediatheque. It is named after Nobel Laureate Arno Penzias, who proposed that the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings create a map of the Nobel Laureates’ journey through life, serving as a spectacular panorama of science history. On a fully rotatable 3D globe users are able to map and combine key locations and occurences in the lives of Nobel Laureates. By integrating the Penzias Painting, the Lindau Mediatheque can be considered as the benchmark for multimedia contents on Nobel Laureates available on the internet. This is one reason why the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) declared the mediatheque a partner initiative of the German “Science Year 2014 – The Digital Society”. First launched in 2008, the Lindau Mediatheque has since be- come a “digital treasure trove”, containing video and audio recordings of the numerous lectures and panel discussions held in the past 64 years. The original documents are complemented by specially designed “Topic Clusters” and “Mini Lectures”: texts and videos developed around selected fields of research. These address non-scientists and thus serve as a valuable tool, e.g.