FM 6-300: Army Ephemeris 1978

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

FM 6-300: Army Ephemeris 1978 á> - 3oO //uh d CODV 2 fí?í FM 6-300 FIELD MANUAL ARMY EPHEMERIS, 1978 HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY RETURN TO THE ARMY LIBRARY AUGUST 19 7 7 ROOM 1A518 r.-r!V' WASHINGTON, D.C. 20310 *FM 6-300 Effective 1 January 1978 FIELD MANUAL HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY No. 6-300 Washington, DC, 29 August 1977 ARMY EPHEMERIS 1978 SECTION I. INTRODUCTION Paragraph Page Purpose and scope 1 1-1 Description of tables and charts 2 1-1 II. ASTRONOMICAL TABLES AND CHARTS Table la. Astronomic refraction correction for temperature (degrees). II-l lb. Astronomic refraction corrected for temperature (mils) II-5 lc. Pressure correction factor CB II-8 2. Sun, 1978 for zero hours universal time (GMT)1 II-9 3. Equation of time graph 11-21 4. Correction to Greenwich mean time interval to obtain Green- wich sidereal time interval 11-22 5a. Conversion of time to arc 11-24 56. Conversion of arc to time 11-25 5c. Conversion of degrees, minutes, and seconds to mils 11-26 6. Convergence 11-27 6a. Grid convergence nomograph 11-38 7. Second term in convergence computation, UTM coordinates 11-39 8a. Second term in convergence computation, geographic coordi- nates (degrees) 11-41 86. Second term in convergence computation, geographic coordi- nates (mils) 11-42 9. Alphabetical star list 11-43 10a. Apparent places of stars, 1978 (degrees) 11-45 106. Apparent places of stars, 1978 (mils of declination) 11-49 11. Apparent places of Polaris, (star no. 10), 1978 11-53 12. To determine azimuth from Polaris, 1978 ’ 11-54 13 Grid azimuth correction, simultaneous observation ^ 11-58 14. Zone to zone azimuth transformation 11-59 ^jrpKTtmanual supersedes FM 6-300, 29 August 1976. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock No. 008-020-00672-6 FM 6-300 Section I. INTRODUCTION 1. Purpose and Scope a. This manual is a compilation of tables and charts for Office, Royal Greenwich Observatory, and the Nautical use in computing astronomical azimuths for the field Almanac Office, US Naval Observatory. artillery. These tables and charts are used for computing c. Users of this manual are encouraged to submit azimuth of the sun or selected stars by either the altitude or recommended changes or comments to improve the hour-angle method. A special table (table 12), which is a manual. Comments should be keyed to the specific page, tabular method of computing Polaris, is included for a rapid paragraph, and line of the text in which the change is computation of a Polaris azimuth. The secant tables recommended. Reasons should be provided for each accompanying table 12 are permanent; however, the comment to insure understanding and complete example portion of the explanatory part of the table will be evaluation. Comments should be prepared using DA updated annually. Tables and charts are also included to Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and correct astronomic azimuth to grid azimuth, to extend Blank Forms) and forwarded direct to the azimuth by simultaneous observation, and to perform zone- Commandant, US Army Field Artillery School, ATT: to-zone transformation of azimuth. ATSF-TD-TM, Fort Sill, Oklahoma 73503. b. Data contained in tables 2, 10a, 106, 1.1, and 12 are 2. Description of Tables and Charts current only for the year in which the manual is effective. These tables are compiled annually by the Counterfire This manual is intended to be used as a companion Department, under the supervision of the NOAA Liaison publication to FM 6-2, Field Artillery Survey. Details on Officer, US Army Field Artillery School. The basic the computation of astronomical azimuth and the use of astronomical data is furnished by H.M. Nautical Almanac these tables and charts are contained in FM 6-2. 1-1 FM 6-300 Section II. ASTRONOMICAL TABLES AND CHARTS TMt ta. Aidronomic Refraction Corrected for Temperature (Degree») TO BE SUBTRACTED FROM OBSERVED ALTITUDE OF SUN OR STAR (Use values of observed altitude and temperature nearest the values tabulated as arguments.) Temperatura *F. ObMrrsd tltitud« -30 - 30 -10 + 10 + 30 +30 +40 +80 +S0 + 70 +80 +00 +100 +110 +120 +130 00 00 40-43 39-45 38-53 38-02 37-15 36-27 35-44 35-01 34-20 33-40 33-01 32-26 31-51 31-36 30-43 30-14 29-46 20 35-57 35-06 34-20 33-35 32-53 32-11 31-33 30-55 30-18 29-44 29-09 28-38 28-07 27-37 27-07 26-42 28-17 40 32-00 31-15 30-34 29-54 29-16 28-39 28-05 27-31 26-59 26-28 25-57 25-30 25-02 24-35 24-09 23-46 23-23 01 00 28-42 28-01 27-25 26-49 26-15 25-42 25-12 24-41 24-12 23-44 23-1* 22-52 22-27 22-03 21-40 21-19 20-59 20 25-55 25-19 24-46 24-13 23-43 23-13 22-45 22-18 21-51 21-26 21-02 20-39 20-17 19-55 19-44 19-15 18-57 40 23-34 23-00 22-31 22-01 21-33 21-06 20-41 20-16 19-52 19-29 19-07 18-46 18-26 18-06 17-47 17-30 17-13 02 00 21-32 21-02 20-35 2907 19-42 19-17 18-54 18-31 18-10 17-49 17-28 17- 16-51 16-33 16-15 16-00 15-45 10 20 19-48 19-20 18-54 18-29 18-06 17-43 17-22 17-01 16-41 16-22 16-03 15-46 15-29 15-12 14-56 14-42 14-28 40 18- 17-51 17-28 17-05 16-43 16-22 16-031 15-43 15-25 15-07 14-50 14-34 14-18 714-02 13-48 13-35 13-22 03 00 16-57 16-33 16-12 15-50 15-30 15-11 14-53 14-35 14-18 14-01 13-45 18- 13-16 13-01 12-48 12-36 12-24 30 20 15-47 15-25 15-05 14-45 14-27 14-08 13-51 13-35 18-19 13-04 12-48 12-35 12-21 12-08 11-55 11-44 11-32 40 14-45 14-25 14-06 13-47 13-30 13-13 12-57 12-42 12-27 12-12 11-58 11-46 11-33 11-20 11-08 10-58 10-47 04 00 13-50 13-31 13-13 12-56 12-40 12-24 12-09 11-54 11-40 11-27 11-14 11-02 10-50 10-38 10-27 10-17 10-07 20 13-01 12-43 12-26 12-10 11-55 11-40 11-26 11-12 10-59 10-46 10-34 10-23 10-11 10-00 09-50 09-40 09-31 40 12-17 12-OQ 11-44 11-29 11-14 11-00 10-47 10-34 10-22 10-10 09-58 09-47 09-37 09-26 09-16 09-08 08-59 05 00 11-38 11-21 11-07 10-52 19-38 10-25 10-13 10-00 09-48 09-37 09-26 09-16 09-06 08-56 08-47 08-38 08-30 20 11-02 10-46 10-32 10-18 1905 09-53 09-41 09-29 09-18 09-07 08-57 08-47 08-38 08-28 08-19 08-12 08-04 40 19- 10-14 10-01 09-48 09-35 09-23 09-122 09-01 08-50 08-40 08-30 08-21 08-12 908-03 07-55 07-47 07-40 06 00 09-59 09-45 09-32 09-20 09-08 08-56 08-46 08-35 08-25 08-16 08-06 07-57 07-49 07-40 07-32 07-25 07-18 20 09-32 09-18 09-06 08-54 08-43 08-32 08-22 08-12 08-02 07-53 07-44 07-35 07-27 07-19 07-11 07-05 06-58 40 09-07 08-54 08-42 08-31 08-20 08-09 08-00 07-50 07-41 07-32 07-23 07-16 07-08 07-00 06-53 06-46 06-40 07 00 08-43 08-31 08-20 08-09 07-59 07-49 07-39 07-30 07-21 07-13 07-05 06-57 06-50 06-42 06-35 06-29 06-23 20 08-22 08-10 08-00 07-49 07-39 07-30 07-21 07-12 07-03 06-55 06-47 06-40 06-33 06-26 06-19 06-13 06-07 40 08-02 07-51 07-41 07-31 07-21 07-12 07- 06-55 06-47 06-39 06-31 06-24 06-17 06-10 06-04 05-58 05-53 03 08 07-44 07-33 07-23 07-13 07-04 06-55 06-47 06-39 06-31 06-24 06-16 06-10 06-03 05-56 05-50 05-45 05-39 26 07-27 07-16 07-07 06-57 06-49 06-40 06-32 06-24 06-17 06-09 06-02 05-56 05-49 05-43 05-37 05-32 05-27 4U 07-11 07-01 06-52 06-42 06-34 06-26 06-18 06-10 06-03 05-56 05-49 05-43 05-37 05-31 05-25 05-20 05-15 09 00 06-56 06-46 06-37 06-28 06-20 06-12 08- 05-58 05-51 05-44 05-37 05-31 05-25 05-19 05-14 05-09 05-04 05 20 06-42 06-32 06-24 06-15 06-08 06-00 05-53 05-46 05-39 05-32 05-26 05-20 05-14 05-08 05-03 04-58 04-54 40 06-29 06-19 06-11 06-03 05-56 05-48 05-41 05-34 05-28 05-21 05-15 05-10 05-04 04-59 04-53 04-49 04-44 10 00 06-16 06-07 0600 05-52 05-44 05-37 05-30 05-24 05-17 05-11 05-05 05-00 04-54 04-49 04-44 04-40 04-35 20 06-05 05-56 05-48 05-41 05-34 05-27 05-20 05-14 05-08 05-02 04-56 04-51 04-45 04-40 04-35 04-31 04-27 40 05-54 05-45 05-38 05-30 05-24 05-17 05-10 05-04 04-58 04-53 04-47 04-42 04-37 04-32 04-27 04-23 04-19 11 00 05-43 05-35 05-28 05-21 05-14 05-07 05-01 04-55 04-50 04-44 04-39 04-34 04-29 04-24 04-19 04-15 04-11 20 05-34 05-26 05-19 05-12 05-05 04-59 04-53 04-47 04-41 03-36 04-31 04-26 04-21 04-16 04-12 04-08 04-04 40 05-24 05-17 05-10 05-03 04-57 04-50 04-45 04-39 04-33 04-28 04-23 04-18 04-14 04-09 04-05 04-01 03-57 12 00 05-15 05-08 95-01 04-55 04-49 04-42 04-37 04-31 04-26 04-21 04-16 04-11 04-07 04-02 03-58 03-54 03-51 20 05-07 05-00 04-53 04-47 04-41 04-35 04-30 04-24 04-19 04-14 04-09 04-05 04-00 03-56 03-52 03-48 03-44 40 04-59 04-52 04-46 04-39 04-34 04-28 04-21 04-17 04-12 04-07 04-03 03-58 03-54 03-50 03-46 03-42 ll-l FM 6-300 Tebla le.
Recommended publications
  • 15Th October at 19:00 Hours Or 7Pm AEST
    TheSky (c) Astronomy Software 1984-1998 TheSky (c) Astronomy Software 1984-1998 URSA MINOR CEPHEUS CASSIOPEIA DRACO Night sky map OctoberDRACO 2017 URSA MAJOR North North STAR BRIGHTNESS Zero or brighter 1st magnitude nd LACERTA Deneb 2 NE rd NE Vega CYGNUS CANES VENATICI LYRAANDROMEDA 3 Vega NW th NW 4 LYRA LEO MINOR CORONA BOREALIS HERCULES BOOTES CORONA BOREALIS HERCULES VULPECULA COMA BERENICES Arcturus PEGASUS SAGITTA DELPHINUS SAGITTA SERPENS LEO Altair EQUULEUS PISCES Regulus AQUILAVIRGO Altair OPHIUCHUS First Quarter Moon SERPENS on the 28th Spica AQUARIUS LIBRA Zubenelgenubi SCUTUM OPHIUCHUS CORVUS Teapot SEXTANS SERPENS CAPRICORNUS SERPENSCRATER AQUILA SCUTUM East East Antares SAGITTARIUS CETUS PISCIS AUSTRINUS P SATURN Centre of the Galaxy MICROSCOPIUM Centre of the Galaxy HYDRA West SCORPIUS West LUPUS SAGITTARIUS SCULPTOR CORONA AUSTRALIS Antares GRUS CENTAURUS LIBRA SCORPIUS NORMAINDUS TELESCOPIUM CORONA AUSTRALIS ANTLIA Zubenelgenubi ARA CIRCINUS Hadar Alpha Centauri PHOENIX Mimosa CRUX ARA CAPRICORNUS TRIANGULUM AUSTRALEPAVO PYXIS TELESCOPIUM NORMAVELALUPUS FORNAX TUCANA MUSCA 47 Tucanae MICROSCOPIUM Achernar APUS ERIDANUS PAVO SMC TRIANGULUM AUSTRALE CIRCINUS OCTANSCHAMAELEON APUS CARINA HOROLOGIUMINDUS HYDRUS Alpha Centauri OCTANS SouthSouth CelestialCelestial PolePole VOLANS Hadar PUPPIS RETICULUM POINTERS SOUTHERN CROSS PISCIS AUSTRINUS MENSA CHAMAELEONMENSA MUSCA CENTAURUS Adhara CANIS MAJOR CHART KEY LMC Mimosa SE GRUS DORADO SMC CAELUM LMCCRUX Canopus Bright star HYDRUS TUCANA SWSW MOON PHASE Faint star VOLANS DORADO
    [Show full text]
  • 02 Southern Cross
    Asterism Southern Cross The Southern Cross is located in the constellation Crux, the smallest of the 88 constellations. It is one of the most distinctive. With the four stars Mimosa BeCrux, Ga Crux, A Crux and Delta Crucis, forming the arms of the cross. The Southern Cross was also used as a remarkably accurate timepiece by all the people of the southern hemisphere, referred to as the ‘Southern Celestial Clock’ by the portuguese naturalist Cristoval D’Acosta. It is perpendicular as it passes the meridian, and the exact time can thus be calculated visually from its angle. The german explorer Baron Alexander von Humboldt, sailing across the southern oceans in 1799, wrote: “It is a timepiece, which advances very regularly nearly 4 minutes a day, and no other group of stars affords to the naked eye an observation of time so easily made”. Asterism - An asterism is a distinctive pattern of stars or a distinctive group of stars in the sky. Constellation - A grouping of stars that make an imaginary picture in the sky. There are 88 constellations. The stars and objects nearby The Main-Themes in asterism Southern Cross Southern Cross Ga Crux A Crux Mimosa, Be Crux Delta Crucis The Motives in asterism Southern Cross Crucis A Bayer / Flamsteed indication AM Arp+Madore - A Catalogue of Southern peculiar Galaxies and Associations [B10] Boss, 1910 - Preliminary General Catalogue of 6188 Stars C Cluster CCDM Catalogue des composantes d’étoiles doubles et multiples CD Cordoba Durchmusterung Declination Cel Celescope Catalog of ultraviolet Magnitudes CPC
    [Show full text]
  • Information Bulletin on Variable Stars
    COMMISSIONS AND OF THE I A U INFORMATION BULLETIN ON VARIABLE STARS Nos November July EDITORS L SZABADOS K OLAH TECHNICAL EDITOR A HOLL TYPESETTING K ORI ADMINISTRATION Zs KOVARI EDITORIAL BOARD L A BALONA M BREGER E BUDDING M deGROOT E GUINAN D S HALL P HARMANEC M JERZYKIEWICZ K C LEUNG M RODONO N N SAMUS J SMAK C STERKEN Chair H BUDAPEST XI I Box HUNGARY URL httpwwwkonkolyhuIBVSIBVShtml HU ISSN COPYRIGHT NOTICE IBVS is published on b ehalf of the th and nd Commissions of the IAU by the Konkoly Observatory Budap est Hungary Individual issues could b e downloaded for scientic and educational purp oses free of charge Bibliographic information of the recent issues could b e entered to indexing sys tems No IBVS issues may b e stored in a public retrieval system in any form or by any means electronic or otherwise without the prior written p ermission of the publishers Prior written p ermission of the publishers is required for entering IBVS issues to an electronic indexing or bibliographic system to o CONTENTS C STERKEN A JONES B VOS I ZEGELAAR AM van GENDEREN M de GROOT On the Cyclicity of the S Dor Phases in AG Carinae ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : J BOROVICKA L SAROUNOVA The Period and Lightcurve of NSV ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::: W LILLER AF JONES A New Very Long Period Variable Star in Norma ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::: EA KARITSKAYA VP GORANSKIJ Unusual Fading of V Cygni Cyg X in Early November :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
    [Show full text]
  • Fundamental Properties of Core-Collapse Supernova and GRB Progenitors: Predicting the Look of Massive Stars Before Death
    A&A 558, A131 (2013) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201321906 & c ESO 2013 Astrophysics Fundamental properties of core-collapse supernova and GRB progenitors: predicting the look of massive stars before death Jose H. Groh1, Georges Meynet1, Cyril Georgy2, and Sylvia Ekström1 1 Geneva Observatory, Geneva University, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Sauverny, Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] 2 Astrophysics group, EPSAM, Keele University, Lennard-Jones Labs, ST5 5BG Keele, UK Received 16 May 2013 / Accepted 20 August 2013 ABSTRACT We investigate the fundamental properties of core-collapse supernova (SN) progenitors from single stars at solar metallicity. For this purpose, we combine Geneva stellar evolutionary models with initial masses of Mini = 20−120 M with atmospheric and wind models using the radiative transfer code CMFGEN. We provide synthetic photometry and high-resolution spectra of hot stars at the pre-SN stage. For models with Mini = 9−20 M, we supplement our analysis using publicly available MARCS model atmospheres of RSGs to estimate their synthetic photometry. We employ well-established observational criteria of spectroscopic classification and find that, depending on their initial mass and rotation, massive stars end their lives as red supergiants (RSG), yellow hypergiants (YHG), luminous blue variables (LBV), and Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars of the WN and WO spectral types. For rotating models, we obtained the + following types of SN progenitors: WO1–3 (Mini ≥ 32 M), WN10–11 (25 < Mini < 32 M), LBV (20 ≤ Mini ≤ 25 M), G1 Ia (18 < Mini < 20 M), and RSGs (9 ≤ Mini ≤ 18 M). For non-rotating models, we found spectral types WO1–3 (Mini > 40 M), WN7–8 (25 < Mini ≤ 40 M), WN11h/LBV (20 < Mini ≤ 25 M), and RSGs (9 ≤ Mini ≤ 20 M).
    [Show full text]
  • An Optical Study of BG Geminorum: an Ellipsoidal Binary with An
    An Optical Study of BG Geminorum: An Ellipsoidal Binary with an Unseen Primary Star Priscilla Benson1 Allyn Dullighan2 Alceste Bonanos1 K. K. McLeod1 and Scott J. Kenyon3 ABSTRACT We describe optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of the bright variable BG Geminorum. Optical photometry shows a pronounced ellipsoidal variation of the K0 I secondary, with amplitudes of ∼ 0.5 mag at VRCIC and a period of 91.645 days. A deep primary eclipse is visible for λ ∼< 4400 A;˚ a shallower secondary eclipse is present at longer wavelengths. Eclipse timings and the radial velocity curve of the K0 secondary star indicate an interacting binary where a lobe-filling secondary, M2 ∼ 0.5 M⊙, transfers material into a extended disk around a massive primary, M1 ∼ 4.5 M⊙. The primary star is either an early B-type star or a black hole. If it did contain a black hole, BG Gem would be the longest period black hole binary known by a factor of 10, as arXiv:astro-ph/9911179v1 10 Nov 1999 well as the only eclipsing black hole binary system. Subject headings: binaries: eclipsing – binaries: spectroscopic – stars: emission-line – stars: evolution – stars: individual (BG Gem) 1Wellesley College, Whitin Observatory, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02181-8286 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081 3Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 –2– 1. INTRODUCTION BG Geminorum was discovered by Hoffmeister (1933) and Jensch (1938) as a possible RV Tau star with an uncertain period of ∼ 60 days. With a photographic magnitude of ∼ 14, the star languished in the General Catalog of Variable Stars (Kholopov 1985) until 1992, when we began photometric observations to improve the period estimate and to verify the RV Tau classification.
    [Show full text]
  • PARTICLE PHYSICS 2013ª Highlights and Annual Report 2 | Contents Contentsª
    ª PARTICLE PHYSICS Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron A Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association PARTICLE PHYSICS 2013 2013ª The Helmholtz Association is a community grand challenges faced by society, science and of 18 scientific-technical and biological- industry. Helmholtz Centres perform top-class Highlights medical research centres. These centres have research in strategic programmes in six core been commissioned with pursuing long-term fields: Energy, Earth and Environment, Health, and Annual Report research goals on behalf of the state and Key Technologies, Structure of Matter, Aero- society. The Association strives to gain insights nautics, Space and Transport. and knowledge so that it can help to preserve and improve the foundations of human life. It does this by identifying and working on the www.helmholtz.de Accelerators | Photon Science | Particle Physics Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron A Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association Imprint Publishing and contact Editing Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Ilka Flegel, Manfred Fleischer, Michael Medinnis, A Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association Thomas Schörner-Sadenius Hamburg location: Layout Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany Diana Schröder Tel.: +49 40 8998-0, Fax: +49 40 8998-3282 Production [email protected] Monika Illenseer Zeuthen location: Printing Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany Druckerei Heigener Europrint, Hamburg Tel.: +49 33762 7-70, Fax: +49 33762 7-7413 [email protected] Editorial deadline 28 February 2014 www.desy.de ISBN 978-3-935702-87-4 Editorial note doi: 10.3204/DESY_AR_ET2013 The authors of the individual scientific contributions published in this report are fully responsible for the contents. Cover A possible design of CTA, the Cherenkov Telescope Array.
    [Show full text]
  • Stars and Their Spectra: an Introduction to the Spectral Sequence Second Edition James B
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89954-3 - Stars and Their Spectra: An Introduction to the Spectral Sequence Second Edition James B. Kaler Index More information Star index Stars are arranged by the Latin genitive of their constellation of residence, with other star names interspersed alphabetically. Within a constellation, Bayer Greek letters are given first, followed by Roman letters, Flamsteed numbers, variable stars arranged in traditional order (see Section 1.11), and then other names that take on genitive form. Stellar spectra are indicated by an asterisk. The best-known proper names have priority over their Greek-letter names. Spectra of the Sun and of nebulae are included as well. Abell 21 nucleus, see a Aurigae, see Capella Abell 78 nucleus, 327* ε Aurigae, 178, 186 Achernar, 9, 243, 264, 274 z Aurigae, 177, 186 Acrux, see Alpha Crucis Z Aurigae, 186, 269* Adhara, see Epsilon Canis Majoris AB Aurigae, 255 Albireo, 26 Alcor, 26, 177, 241, 243, 272* Barnard’s Star, 129–130, 131 Aldebaran, 9, 27, 80*, 163, 165 Betelgeuse, 2, 9, 16, 18, 20, 73, 74*, 79, Algol, 20, 26, 176–177, 271*, 333, 366 80*, 88, 104–105, 106*, 110*, 113, Altair, 9, 236, 241, 250 115, 118, 122, 187, 216, 264 a Andromedae, 273, 273* image of, 114 b Andromedae, 164 BDþ284211, 285* g Andromedae, 26 Bl 253* u Andromedae A, 218* a Boo¨tis, see Arcturus u Andromedae B, 109* g Boo¨tis, 243 Z Andromedae, 337 Z Boo¨tis, 185 Antares, 10, 73, 104–105, 113, 115, 118, l Boo¨tis, 254, 280, 314 122, 174* s Boo¨tis, 218* 53 Aquarii A, 195 53 Aquarii B, 195 T Camelopardalis,
    [Show full text]
  • Stars II Stellar Characteristics: Mass, Temperature, & Size
    Stars II Stellar Characteristics: Mass, Temperature, & Size Attendance Quiz Are you here today? Here! (a) yes (b) no (c) see? I told you so! Clicker registration • If you clicker is not registered (i.e., your name is below), please 1. Come see me during break to register, or 2. Send me an e-mail with your name, BroncoID, and clicker ID by this Sunday • Jason Anaya • Andres Gomez • Scott Carmack • Chris Kuoh • Frankie Combs, Jr. • Kevin McCondichie • Jessie Garcia • Bianca Pescina • Danyel Gil Today’s Topics • Stellar luminosities • Stellar masses • Stellar temperatures and sizes • Laws of Thermal Radiation • Stefan-Boltzmann Law • Luminosity, Temperature and Size • Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram (intro) • Wein’s Law • Stellar Temperatures Any questions on Parallax LT? Stellar Luminosities • Stellar luminosities vary from 0.0001 L¤–1,000,000 L¤, ten orders of magnitude • Note that most of the stars in this image are at the same distance, so their relative apparent brightness is the same as their relative luminosities • Note that there are many more faint stars than bright stars, suggesting that less luminous stars are far more common Stellar Masses • Stellar masses are quite difficult to measure • However, about 2/3 of stars are part of a binary system • In those cases, we can use Kepler’s 3rd law to find masses p2 ∝ a3 where the proportionality constant depends on the masses of the system • In general, for two objects orbiting their center-of-mass 4π 2 a3 M + M = × 1 2 G p2 • For the Solar System M1+M2 ≈ M¤ Stellar Masses • For binary stars,
    [Show full text]
  • GEORGE HERBIG and Early Stellar Evolution
    GEORGE HERBIG and Early Stellar Evolution Bo Reipurth Institute for Astronomy Special Publications No. 1 George Herbig in 1960 —————————————————————– GEORGE HERBIG and Early Stellar Evolution —————————————————————– Bo Reipurth Institute for Astronomy University of Hawaii at Manoa 640 North Aohoku Place Hilo, HI 96720 USA . Dedicated to Hannelore Herbig c 2016 by Bo Reipurth Version 1.0 – April 19, 2016 Cover Image: The HH 24 complex in the Lynds 1630 cloud in Orion was discov- ered by Herbig and Kuhi in 1963. This near-infrared HST image shows several collimated Herbig-Haro jets emanating from an embedded multiple system of T Tauri stars. Courtesy Space Telescope Science Institute. This book can be referenced as follows: Reipurth, B. 2016, http://ifa.hawaii.edu/SP1 i FOREWORD I first learned about George Herbig’s work when I was a teenager. I grew up in Denmark in the 1950s, a time when Europe was healing the wounds after the ravages of the Second World War. Already at the age of 7 I had fallen in love with astronomy, but information was very hard to come by in those days, so I scraped together what I could, mainly relying on the local library. At some point I was introduced to the magazine Sky and Telescope, and soon invested my pocket money in a subscription. Every month I would sit at our dining room table with a dictionary and work my way through the latest issue. In one issue I read about Herbig-Haro objects, and I was completely mesmerized that these objects could be signposts of the formation of stars, and I dreamt about some day being able to contribute to this field of study.
    [Show full text]
  • Yes, Aboriginal Australians Can and Did Discover the Variability of Betelgeuse
    Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 21(1), 7‒12 (2018). YES, ABORIGINAL AUSTRALIANS CAN AND DID DISCOVER THE VARIABILITY OF BETELGEUSE Bradley E. Schaefer Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA Email: [email protected] Abstract: Recently, a widely publicized claim has been made that the Aboriginal Australians discovered the variability of the red star Betelgeuse in the modern Orion, plus the variability of two other prominent red stars: Aldebaran and Antares. This result has excited the usual healthy skepticism, with questions about whether any untrained peoples can discover the variability and whether such a discovery is likely to be placed into lore and transmitted for long periods of time. Here, I am offering an independent evaluation, based on broad experience with naked-eye sky viewing and astro-history. I find that it is easy for inexperienced observers to detect the variability of Betelgeuse over its range in brightness from V = 0.0 to V = 1.3, for example in noticing from season-to-season that the star varies from significantly brighter than Procyon to being greatly fainter than Procyon. Further, indigenous peoples in the Southern Hemisphere inevitably kept watch on the prominent red star, so it is inevitable that the variability of Betelgeuse was discovered many times over during the last 65 millennia. The processes of placing this discovery into a cultural context (in this case, put into morality stories) and the faithful transmission for many millennia is confidently known for the Aboriginal Australians in particular. So this shows that the whole claim for a changing Betelgeuse in the Aboriginal Australian lore is both plausible and likely.
    [Show full text]
  • Astronomical Coordinate Systems
    Appendix 1 Astronomical Coordinate Systems A basic requirement for studying the heavens is being able to determine where in the sky things are located. To specify sky positions, astronomers have developed several coordinate systems. Each sys- tem uses a coordinate grid projected on the celestial sphere, which is similar to the geographic coor- dinate system used on the surface of the Earth. The coordinate systems differ only in their choice of the fundamental plane, which divides the sky into two equal hemispheres along a great circle (the fundamental plane of the geographic system is the Earth’s equator). Each coordinate system is named for its choice of fundamental plane. The Equatorial Coordinate System The equatorial coordinate system is probably the most widely used celestial coordinate system. It is also the most closely related to the geographic coordinate system because they use the same funda- mental plane and poles. The projection of the Earth’s equator onto the celestial sphere is called the celestial equator. Similarly, projecting the geographic poles onto the celestial sphere defines the north and south celestial poles. However, there is an important difference between the equatorial and geographic coordinate sys- tems: the geographic system is fixed to the Earth and rotates as the Earth does. The Equatorial system is fixed to the stars, so it appears to rotate across the sky with the stars, but it’s really the Earth rotating under the fixed sky. The latitudinal (latitude-like) angle of the equatorial system is called declination (Dec. for short). It measures the angle of an object above or below the celestial equator.
    [Show full text]
  • Eclipsing Binary Stars Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Josef Kallrath Eugene F
    Eclipsing Binary Stars Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Josef Kallrath Eugene F. Milone Eclipsing Binary Stars Modeling and Analysis Foreword by R.E. Wilson With 131 Illustrations , Springer Josef Kallrath Eugene F. Milone BASF-AG Department of Physics and Astronomy ZOIfZC-C13 University of Calgary D-67056 Ludwigshafen 2500 University Drive NW Gennany Calgary, Alberta T2N IN4 and Canada Department of Astronomy University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 USA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kallrath, losef. Eclipsing binary stars: modeling and analysis / loser Kallrath, Eugene F. Milone. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. I. Eclipsing binaries-Light curves. I. Milone, E.F., 1939- 11. Title. m. Series. QB82l.K36 1998 523.8'444-dc21 98-30562 Printed on acid-free paper. ISBN 978-1-4757-3130-9 ISBN 978-1-4757-3128-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-3128-6 © 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. in 1999. Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1999 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher Springer Science+Business Media, LLC except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be laken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone.
    [Show full text]