DOCSLIB.ORG

Notes on Nomenclature of Plant Nematodes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Notes on Nomenclature of Plant Nematodes Tribune NOTES ON NOMENCLATURE OF PLANT NEMATODES Renaud FORTUNER California Deoartmentof Food and Agriculture Nematology Lab, Room 340, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, California, U.S.A. A number of violations of the rules of the Interna- Ogma modestum, Hemicycliophora chathaensis are not tional Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) came available in the thesis of Kapoor (1982). to my attention during the update of the book Nomen- This enumeration is not limitative and more non- clatorial Compilation of Plant and Soi1 Nematodes available names may have been proposedin other theses (Tarjan & Hopper, 1974), and its two supplements that 1 failed to locate. (Hopper & Tarjan, 1977; 1978). Because the updated data on nematodenomenclature will eventually be distributed in the form of a compu- Correct spelling of names terized data fiie, the corrections of these infractions have to be published first in a printed form (Art. 8, ICZN). The original spelling of a name is to be accepted as the correct original spelling, unlessit contravenes some provision of Articles 26 to 30 and 32. Names not available The deposition of athesis in alibrary does not AGREEMENTIN GENDER constitute a publication.The mention of a newname at Taylor (1936) treated Criconemoides as aneuter name, a meeting does not make it available (Art. 9). whereas it is a masculine name(Art. 30, a, ii) as pointed Abstracts of theses printed in Dissertation Abstracts out by Loof (1964).The new names he proposed, when International, and abstracts of communications in jour- adjectives, must be corrected; nals or books are publishedaccording to Article 8. Criconemoides annulatum to C. annulatus; However, the new names they include are available only Criconemoides axeste to C. axestis; if the abstract accomplieswith the requirements of Criconemoides morgense to C. morgensis; etc. Art. 13. Ogma is €ormed on ogmos, a masculine Greek word, Table 1 presents a list of names that cannot be feminized when latinized with a change of termination acceptedbecause ofArticles 9 and 13 (some names (Art. 30, a, i, 3). were made availableby a subsequent correct pu- Ogma coronatum is corrected to O. coronata blication). In addition to Table 1 : Tylen- O. simlaense to O. sirnlaensis, etc. chus vividus, T. varicaudatus, T. serenus, Coslenchus Because a genus name takes the gender appropriate temperatus, Tenunenia tenuum,Malenchus microlo- to its termination (Art. 30, a, i, 4), Thecavemziculatus is batus, M. praecisus, M. kasolensis, Neottolenchus clams, a masculine genus name.T. crassicrustata is correctedto N. unicus, Basiria abrupta,'B. simulata, Nothotylenchus T. crassicrustatus. The name of the type species of the strictus, Boleodorus vincde, Basiliophora constricta, B. genus, T. gracilancea is correct(from lancea, light, spear, filicaudata, B. delicata, Sakia attenuata, S. bella, Ty- a noun). lenchorhynchus caricae, T. sulcaticeps, T. valerianae, T. Other specific names corrected because of errors in stabilis, T. imitans, Quinisulcius similis, Merlinius auste- gender include : rus, Nagelus magnus, Telotylenchus sparsus, Helicotylen- Allantonenla bathycapsulata to A. bathycapsulatum chus certus, Rotylenchus julaharensis, R. yarikahensis, Criconema elegantula to C. elegantulum Orientylus cognatus, O. populus, O. prominens, Pratylen- Criconema kornabaeensis to C. komabaeense chus himalayaensis, P. angelicae, P. ntenthae, Hirsch- Criconema proclivis to C. proclive manniella augusta, H. phantastica, Macroposthonia vi- Nothocriconema montanus to N. montanum gens, M. lanatae, M. efJiciens, Nothocriconema indolens, Iotonchium obtusicaudatus to I. obtusicaudatum Revue Nématol. 8 (1) : 77-83 (1985) 77 R. Fortuner Table 1 List of names non-available becauseof Articles 9 and 13, eventually with correct authorityfor the names that later become available NAMESNON-AVAILABLE AVAIWLENAMES Tylenchus oyzae Soltwedel,1889 T. oyzaeBreda van de Haan,1902 Pratylenchus rhizasinus Sher, 1948 - P. thomei Sher, 1948 P. thomei Sher & Allen, 1953 Radopholus paludosus Whitlock, 1957 - Helicotylenchus digonicus Perry, 1959 H. digonicus, Perry in Perry, Darling & Thorne, 1959 H. microlobus Perry, 1959 H. microlobus, Perry in Perry, Darling & Thorne, 1959 H. pumilus Perry, 1959 H. pumilus, Perry in Perry, Darling & Thorne, 1959 H. platyurus Perry, 1959 H. platyurus, Perry in Perry, Darling & Thorne, 1959 Xiphinema paulum Bravo-Lima, 1965 - X. griphum Bravo-Lima, 1965 - X. mediterraneum Bravo-Lima, 1965 X. mediterraneum Martelli & Lamberti, 1967 X. latinum Bravo-Lima, 1965 - Macroposthonia amorphus De Grisse & Loof, 1965 Criconernoides amorphus De Grisse, 1967 Chitinotylenchoides mediterranensis Arias & Jiménez- C. mediterranensis Arias & Jiménez-Millan, 1973 Millan 1965; 1968 Aphelenchoides longiuteralis Eroshenko, 1967 - Atalodera ucri Wouts, 1970 A. ucri Wouts & Sher, 1971 Sarisodera hydrophila Wouts, 1970 S. hydrophila Wouts & Sher, 1971 Trichodorus dilatatus Rodriguez 1976; 1977 T. dilatatus Rodriguez & Bell, 1978 T. intermedius Rodriguez, 1976; 1977 T. intermedius Rodriguez & Bell, 1978 Atlantadorus grandis Rodriguez, 1976; 1977 Paratrichodorus (Atlantadorus)grandis Rodriguez & Bell, 1978 Nanidorus westindicus Rodriguez, 1976; 1977 Paratrichodorus (Nanidorus)westindicus Rodriguez, Sher & Siddiqi, 1978 Allotrichodorus vangundyi Rodriguez, 1976; 1977 Monotrichodorus vangundyi Rodriguez, Sher & Siddiqi, 1978 Vadorus bullatus Rodriguez, 1976; 1977 V; varians Rodriguez, 1976; 1977 - Macroposthonia similicrenata Cid del Prado, 1976 M. similicrenata Cid del Prado, 1978 M. caballeroi Cid del Prado, 1976 M. caballeroi Cid del Prado, 1978 M. sosamossi Cid del Prado, 1976 M. sosamossi Cid del Prado, 1978 Meloidogyne californiensis Abdel-Rahman, 1981 Hirschmanniella pomponiensis Abdel-Rahman, 1981 Radopholus citrophilus Huettel, 1982 R. citrophilus Huettel, Dickson & Kaplan, 1984 Scutellonema magna to S. magnum specific (not the generic) name of its host; this name Scutellonema orientalis to S. orientale should be treated as a substantive in the genitive case Sphaeronema cornubiensis' to S. cornubiense (Article 11, g, 4). For example, Hemicaloosia americana Helicotylenchus unicum to~ H. unicus Ray & Das, 1978 is a species from India named after its Paratylenchus longistylosa to P. longistylosus host : Agave americana. H. americana is to be spelled H. americanae. SPECIFTCNAMES DERIVED FROM HOST NAMES Many authors use the generic name of the host. It would not serve the stability of nomenclature to change A parasite named after its hosts should be given the these names and they will be accepted as proposed. 38 Revue Nématol. 8 (1): 77-83 (1985) Nomenclature of plant nematodes SPECIFICNAMES'DERIVED FROM GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES MISCELLANEOUS Nothocriconema sanctus-fiancisci van den Berg & cola. This word is either an adjective (colus, cola, Heyns, 1977, must be correctedby deletion of a hyphen colum, living among) or nouna (cola, inhabitant of). (Art.26), and should be written in the genitive case as The decision of the original author, or the evidence N. sanctifiancisci. of usage, must be accepted in deciding whether a Scutellonema imphalus Sultan & Jairajpuri,1979, speciesname ending with cola isa noun or an from the tom of Imphal, India, treatedis as an adjective. adjective (see also art. 30, i). It should be spelled S. imphalum. philus, phila, philum is an adjective and must agree with the gender of the generic nme. SPECIFICNAMES FORMED FROM MODERN PERSONAL cauda, tail is a noun (example : Tylenchorhynchus NAMES magnicauda). Helicotylenchus hoplocaudus is correc- ted to H. hoplocauda; Laimaphelenchuspannocaudus Aphelenchoides fianklini Singh, 1969, from the name to L. pannocauda. Caudatus is an adjective formed of Dr MaryFranklin, is corrected to A. franklinae. from cauda and must agree with the gender of the Cosaglenchus rafiqus Siddiqui & Khan, 1983 is corrected generic name. to C. rafi'qi (Recommendation 31 A; see also D III). urus from a Greek feminine word K ura )>,tail, has beensometimes latinized into urus, amasculine ERRORSIN TARJAN AND HOPPER'S BOOK noun. When Rotylenchus brachyurus was transferred to Scutellonema, the specificnames becomes S. The specificnames listed in Tarjan and Hopper brachyurus, not K Scutellonema brachyurum )>.Other (1974) are sometimes spelled with an ending different specific names have keptthe feminine gender for the from that in the original publication. These discrepan- noun (( ura >) :Anguillulina macrura Goodey, 1932, cies occurred when a taon is better known in a genus that later became Merlinius macrura. different from the original genus, and with a different profindus, -a, -um, is an adjective but profindorum gender. is anoun in the genitive case.Dolichodorus profindo- For example the species named Tylenchus balsamophi- mm is correct. lus Throne, 1926, in the original descriptionwas spelled i? balsamophila in Tarjan and Hopper's book, probably because it is now Anguina balsamophila. In the com- New combinations made by synonymization puterized datafiie, the spelling hasbeen reverted to that Tarjan and Hopper (1974) accepted as new ctmbi- of the original author. nations only species names actually publishedin combi- Other typographicalerrors in Tarjan and Hopper nation with a genus name. When an author listed a (1974) include : species under its old name as a synonymof a species in Anguillonema erenati for A. crenati. a different genus, Tarjan and Hopper did not credit him Aphelenchoides eradicatus for A. eradicitus as the author of a new combination.These authors based These incorrect subsequent
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Morphological and Molecular Characterisation of Scutellonema Species from Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) and a Key to the Species of the Genus ∗ Yao A
    Nematology 00 (2017) 1-37 brill.com/nemy Morphological and molecular characterisation of Scutellonema species from yam (Dioscorea spp.) and a key to the species of the genus ∗ Yao A. K OLOMBIA 1,2, , Gerrit KARSSEN 1,3,NicoleVIAENE 1,4,P.LavaKUMAR 2,LisaJOOS 1, ∗ Danny L. COYNE 5 and Wim BERT 1, 1 Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium 2 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria 3 National Plant Protection Organization, 6706 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands 4 Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium 5 IITA, Kasarani, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya Received: 22 February 2017; revised: 30 May 2017 Accepted for publication: 1 June 2017; available online: ??? Summary – The yam nematode, Scutellonema bradys, is a major threat to yam (Dioscorea spp.) production across yam-growing regions. In West Africa, this species cohabits with many morphologically similar congeners and, consequently, its accurate diagnosis is essential for control and for monitoring its movement. In the present study, 46 Scutellonema populations collected from yam rhizosphere and yam tubers in different agro-ecological zones in Ghana and Nigeria were characterised by their morphological features and by sequencing of the D2-D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene and the mitochondrial COI genes. Molecular phylogeny, molecular species delimitation and morphology revealed S. bradys, S. cavenessi, S. clathricaudatum and three undescribed species from yam rhizosphere. Only S. bradys was identified from yam tuber tissue, however. For barcoding and identifying Scutellonema spp., the most suitable marker used was the COI gene.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus Intraradices As Biological Control Agent of the Nematode Nacobbus Aberrans Parasitizing Tomato
    668 Vol.57, n.5: pp. 668-674, September-October 2014 BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-8913201402200 ISSN 1516-8913 Printed in Brazil BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Use of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices as Biological Control Agent of the Nematode Nacobbus aberrans Parasitizing Tomato Nicolás Marro 1*, Paola Lax 2, Marta Cabello 3, Marcelo Edmundo Doucet 2 and Alejandra Gabriela Becerra 1 1Laboratorio de Micología; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba - Argentina. 2Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) y Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. 3Instituto Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Buenos Aires, Argentina ABSTRACT The plant-parasitic nematode Nacobbus aberrans is an endoparasite that induces gall formation in the roots and causes severe losses to diverse crops. Some populations of this nematode show preference for certain hosts, revealing the existence of “races/groups” with different behaviour and making nematode management difficult. A possible biological control alternative to reduce the damage caused by this species may be the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In the present work, the effect of Glomus intraradices on tomato plants inoculated with the nematode at transplanting and three weeks later was tested. At 60 days, the following parameters were estimated: percentage of AMF colonization, root and aerial dry weight, number of galls and egg masses, and reproduction factor (RF=final population/initial population) of N. aberrans . AMF colonization was higher in the presence of the nematode.
    [Show full text]
  • Nematodes and Agriculture in Continental Argentina
    Fundam. appl. NemalOl., 1997.20 (6), 521-539 Forum article NEMATODES AND AGRICULTURE IN CONTINENTAL ARGENTINA. AN OVERVIEW Marcelo E. DOUCET and Marîa M.A. DE DOUCET Laboratorio de Nematologia, Centra de Zoologia Aplicada, Fant/tad de Cien.cias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Casilla df Correo 122, 5000 C6rdoba, Argentina. Acceplecl for publication 5 November 1996. Summary - In Argentina, soil nematodes constitute a diverse group of invertebrates. This widely distributed group incJudes more than twO hundred currently valid species, among which the plant-parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes are the most remarkable. The former includes species that cause damages to certain crops (mainly MeloicU:igyne spp, Nacobbus aberrans, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, and Xiphinema index), the latter inc1udes various species of the Mermithidae family, and also the genera Steinernema and Helerorhabditis. There are few full-time nematologists in the country, and they work on taxonomy, distribution, host-parasite relationships, control, and different aspects of the biology of the major species. Due tO the importance of these organisms and the scarcity of information existing in Argentina about them, nematology can be considered a promising field for basic and applied research. Résumé - Les nématodes et l'agriculture en Argentine. Un aperçu général - Les nématodes du sol représentent en Argentine un groupe très diversifiè. Ayant une vaste répartition géographique, il comprend actuellement plus de deux cents espèces, celles parasitant les plantes et les insectes étant considèrées comme les plus importantes. Les espèces du genre Me/oi­ dogyne, ainsi que Nacobbus aberrans, Dùylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus semipenetrans et Xiphinema index représentent un réel danger pour certaines cultures.
    [Show full text]
  • First Report of Stubby Root Nematode, Paratrichodorus Teres (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) from Iran
    Australasian Plant Dis. Notes (2014) 9:131 DOI 10.1007/s13314-014-0131-4 First report of stubby root nematode, Paratrichodorus teres (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) from Iran R. Heydari & Z. Tanha Maafi & F. Omati & W. Decraemer Received: 8 October 2013 /Accepted: 20 March 2014 /Published online: 4 April 2014 # Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc. 2014 Abstract During a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in fruit Trichodorus, Nanidorus and Paratrichodorus are natural tree nurseries in Iran, a species of the genus Paratrichodorus vectors of the plant Tobraviruses occurring worldwide from the family Trichodoridae was found in the rhizosphere of (Taylor and Brown 1997; Decraemer and Geraert 2006). apricot seedlings in Shahrood, central Iran, then subsequently in Eight species of the Trichodoridae family have so far been Karaj orchards. Morphological and morphometric characters of reported from Iran: Trichodorus orientalis (De Waele and the specimens were in agreement with P. teres.TheD2/D3 Hashim 1983), T. persicus (De Waele and Sturhan 1987), expansion fragment of the large subunit (LSU) of rRNA gene T. gilanensis, T. primitivus, Paratrichodorus porosus, P. of the nematode was also sequenced. P. teres is considered an tunisiensis (Maafi and Decraemer 2002), T. arasbaranensis economically important species in agricultural crop, worldwide. (Zahedi et al. 2009)andP. mi no r (now Nanidorus minor) This is the first report of the occurrence of P. teres in Iran. (Pourjam et al. 2011). Several species were detected in a survey conducted on Keywords Apricot . Fruit tree nursery . Iran . plant-parasitic nematodes in fruit tree nurseries. Among Paratrichodorus teres them, a nematode population belonging to Trichodoridae was observed in the rhizosphere of apricot seedlings in Shahroood, Semnan province, central Iran, that was sub- Trichodorid nematodes are root ectoparasites, usually sequently identified as P.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of Nematodes of the Genus Pratylenchus Using Nuclear 26S Rdna
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of February 1997 Phylogenetic Analysis of Nematodes of the Genus Pratylenchus Using Nuclear 26S rDNA Luma Al-Banna University of Jordan, [email protected] Valerie M. Williamson University of California, Davis, [email protected] Scott Lyell Gardner University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Al-Banna, Luma; Williamson, Valerie M.; and Gardner, Scott Lyell, "Phylogenetic Analysis of Nematodes of the Genus Pratylenchus Using Nuclear 26S rDNA" (1997). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 52. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/52 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (ISSN: 1055-7903), vol. 7, no. 1 (February 1997): 94-102. Article no. FY960381. Copyright 1997, Academic Press. Used by permission. Phylogenetic Analysis of Nematodes of the Genus Pratylenchus Using Nuclear 26S rDNA Luma Al-Banna*, Valerie Williamson*, and Scott Lyell Gardner1 *Department of Nematology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95676-8668 1H. W. Manter Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, University of Nebraska State Museum, W-529 Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0514; [email protected] Fax: (402) 472-8949.
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptome Profiling of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne Enterolobii During Parasitism and Identification of Novel Effector Proteins
    Ecole Doctorale de Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé Unité de recherche : UMR ISA INRA 1355-UNS-CNRS 7254 Thèse de doctorat Présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de docteur en Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de L’UNIVERSITE COTE D’AZUR par NGUYEN Chinh Nghia Etude de la régulation du transcriptome de nématodes parasites de plante, les nématodes à galles du genre Meloidogyne Dirigée par Dr. Bruno FAVERY Soutenance le 8 Décembre, 2016 Devant le jury composé de : Pr. Pierre FRENDO Professeur, INRA UNS CNRS Sophia-Antipolis Président Dr. Marc-Henri LEBRUN Directeur de Recherche, INRA AgroParis Tech Grignon Rapporteur Dr. Nemo PEETERS Directeur de Recherche, CNRS-INRA Castanet Tolosan Rapporteur Dr. Stéphane JOUANNIC Chargé de Recherche, IRD Montpellier Examinateur Dr. Bruno FAVERY Directeur de Recherche, UNS CNRS Sophia-Antipolis Directeur de thèse Doctoral School of Life and Health Sciences Research Unity: UMR ISA INRA 1355-UNS-CNRS 7254 PhD thesis Presented and defensed to obtain Doctor degree in Molecular and Cellular Biology from COTE D’AZUR UNIVERITY by NGUYEN Chinh Nghia Comprehensive Transcriptome Profiling of Root-knot Nematodes during Plant Infection and Characterisation of Species Specific Trait PhD directed by Dr Bruno FAVERY Defense on December 8th 2016 Jury composition : Pr. Pierre FRENDO Professeur, INRA UNS CNRS Sophia-Antipolis President Dr. Marc-Henri LEBRUN Directeur de Recherche, INRA AgroParis Tech Grignon Reporter Dr. Nemo PEETERS Directeur de Recherche, CNRS-INRA Castanet Tolosan Reporter Dr. Stéphane JOUANNIC Chargé de Recherche, IRD Montpellier Examinator Dr. Bruno FAVERY Directeur de Recherche, UNS CNRS Sophia-Antipolis PhD Director Résumé Les nématodes à galles du genre Meloidogyne spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Implications of Phasmid Absence in Males of Three Genera in Heteroderinae 1 L
    Journal of Nematology 22(3):386-394. 1990. © The Society of Nematologists 1990. Phylogenetic Implications of Phasmid Absence in Males of Three Genera in Heteroderinae 1 L. K. CARTA2 AND J. G. BALDWINs Abstract: Absence of the phasmid was demonstrated with the transmission electron microscope in immature third-stage (M3) and fourth-stage (M4) males and mature fifth-stage males (M5) of Heterodera schachtii, M3 and M4 of Verutus volvingentis, and M5 of Cactodera eremica. This absence was supported by the lack of phasmid staining with Coomassie blue and cobalt sulfide. All phasmid structures, except the canal and ampulla, were absent in the postpenetration second-stagejuvenile (]2) of H. schachtii. The prepenetration V. volvingentis J2 differs from H. schachtii by having only a canal remnant and no ampulla. This and parsimonious evidence suggest that these two types of phasmids probably evolved in parallel, although ampulla and receptor cavity shape are similar. Absence of the male phasmid throughout development might be associated with an amphimictic mode of reproduction. Phasmid function is discussed, and female pheromone reception ruled out. Variations in ampulla shape are evaluated as phylogenetic character states within the Heteroderinae and putative phylogenetic outgroup Hoplolaimidae. Key words: anaphimixis, ampulla, cell death, Cactodera eremica, Heterodera schachtii, Heteroderinae, parallel evolution, parthenogenesis, phasmid, phylogeny, ultrastructure, Verutus volvingentis. Phasmid sensory organs on the tails of phasmid openings in the males of most gen- secernentean nematodes are sometimes era within the plant-parasitic Heteroderi- notoriously difficult to locate with the light nae, except Meloidodera (24) and perhaps microscope (18). Because the assignment Cryphodera (10) and Zelandodera (43).
    [Show full text]
  • Progress Report
    MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER UNEP REPORT OF THE TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT PANEL MAY 2017 VOLUME 1 PROGRESS REPORT UNEP MAY 2017 REPORT OF THE TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT PANEL VOLUME 1 PROGRESS REPORT iii Montreal Protocol On Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer Report of the UNEP Technology and Economic Assessment Panel May 2017 VOLUME 1 PROGRESS REPORT The text of this report is composed in Times New Roman. Co-ordination: Technology and Economic Assessment Panel Composition of the report: Bella Maranion, Marta Pizano, Ashley Woodcock Layout and formatting: Marta Pizano (UNEP TEAP) Date: May 2017 Under certain conditions, printed copies of this report are available from: UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME Ozone Secretariat, P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya This document is also available in portable document format from the UNEP Ozone Secretariat's website: http://ozone.unep.org/en/assessment-panels/technology-and-economic-assessment-panel No copyright involved. This publication may be freely copied, abstracted and cited, with acknowledgement of the source of the material. ISBN: 978-9966-076-27-4 iv May 2017 TEAP Progress Report Disclaimer The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) Co-chairs and members, the Technical Options Committees Co-chairs and members, the TEAP Task Forces Co-chairs and members, and the companies and organisations that employ them do not endorse the performance, worker safety, or environmental acceptability of any of the technical options discussed. Every industrial operation requires consideration of worker safety and proper disposal of contaminants and waste products.
    [Show full text]
  • Stubby-Root Nematode, Trichodorus Obtusus Cobb (Nematoda: Adenophorea: Triplonchida: Diphtherophorina: Trichodoridea: Trichodoridae)1
    Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. EENY-340 Stubby-Root Nematode, Trichodorus obtusus Cobb (Nematoda: Adenophorea: Triplonchida: Diphtherophorina: Trichodoridea: Trichodoridae)1 W. T. Crow2 Introduction Life Cycle and Biology Nematodes in the family Trichodoridae (Thorne, While large for a plant-parasitic nematode (about 1935) Siddiqi, 1961, are commonly called 1/16 inch long), T. obtusus is still small enough that it "stubby-root" nematodes, because feeding by these can be seen only with the aid of a microscope. nematodes can cause a stunted or "stubby" appearing Stubby-root nematodes are ectoparasitic nematodes, root system. Trichodorus obtusus is one of the most meaning that they feed on plants while their bodies damaging nematodes on turfgrasses, but also may remain in the soil. They feed primarily on meristem cause damage to other crops. cells of root tips. Stubby-root nematodes are plant-parasitic nematodes in the Triplonchida, an Synonymy order characterized by having a six-layer cuticle (body covering). Stubby- root nematodes are unique Trichodorus proximus among plant-parasitic nematodes because they have Distribution an onchiostyle, a curved, solid stylet or spear they use in feeding. All other plant-parasitic nematodes have Trichodorus obtusus is only known to occur in straight, hollow stylets. Stubby-root nematodes use the United States. A report of T. proximus (a synonym their onchiostyle like a dagger to puncture holes in of T. obtusus) from Ivory Coast was later determined plant cells. The stubby root nematode then secretes to be a different species. Trichodorus obtusus is from its mouth (stoma) salivary material into the reported in the states of Virginia, Florida, Iowa, punctured cell.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Rwanda, with Description of New Species of Pratylenchus
    University: Gent Faculty: Sciences Department: Biology Unit: Nematology Academic year: 2013-2014 ALLIANCE NYIRAGATARE The first morphological and molecular characterization of plant-parasitic nematodes in Rwanda, with description of new species of Pratylenchus Promoter: Prof. Dr. Wim BERT Thesis submitted to Co-Promoter: Prof. Dr. Wilfrida Obtain Master degree of DECRAEMER Science in Nematology Supervisor: Toon JANSSEN The first morphological and molecular characterization of plant-parasitic nematodes in Rwanda, with description of new species of Pratylenchus Alliance NYIRAGATARE Ghent University, Department of Biology, K.L Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium Summary - Twenty one plant-parasitic nematodes genera representing eleven families were recovered from 41 soil and root samples collected from 15 crops in six different Rwandan agricultural zones. Morphologically and molecularly characterization was carried out on five populations of Scutellonema paralabiatum, three populations of S. brachyurus, 2 populations of S. cavenessi, one unidentified Scutellonema species, 2 populations of Pratylenchus penetrans and P. goodeyi. Special emphasis was given to the description and characterization of a new Pratylenchus species. Pratylenchus n. sp. can be distinguished from the other Pratylenchus species by combination of the following features of female: body slender with medium size (469-600µm); body cuticle in lateral field with four lines at pharynx level and posteriorly at level of phasmid in tail region, six to eight lines at mid body and six to ten at vulva region; the lateral lines at vulva region showing a slight oblique pattern; ridges in general smooth except in some specimens at phasmid level where they are annulated. Labial region with 3 lips annuli, the last lip annulus thicker than the first two and offset by a deep constriction from the rest of the body, en face view showing no clear separation between subdorsal, subventral and lateral sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • Résumés Des Communications Et Posters Présentés Lors Du Xviiie Symposium International De La Société Européenne Des Nématologistes
    Résumés des communications et posters présentés lors du XVIIIe Symposium International de la Société Européenne des Nématologistes. Antibes,. France, 7-12 septembre' 1986. Abrantes, 1. M. de O. & Santos, M. S. N. de A. - Egg Alphey, T. J. & Phillips, M. S. - Integrated control of the production bv Meloidogyne arenaria on two host plants. potato cyst nimatode Globoderapallida using low rates of A Portuguese population of Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, nematicide and partial resistors. 1889) Chitwood, 1949 race 2 was maintained on tomato cv. Rutgers in thegreenhouse. The objective of Our investigation At the present time there are no potato genotypes which was to determine the egg production by M. arenaria on two have absolute resistance to the potato cyst nematode (PCN), host plants using two procedures. In Our experiments tomato Globodera pallida. Partial resistance to G. pallida has been bred into cultivars of potato from Solanum vemei cv. Rutgers and balsam (Impatiens walleriana Hooketfil.) corn-mercial seedlings were inoculated withO00 5 eggs per plant.The plants and S. tuberosum ssp. andigena CPC 2802. Field experiments ! were harvested 60 days after inoculation and the eggs were havebeen undertaken to study the interactionbetween nematicide and partial resistance with respect to control of * separated from roots by the following two procedures: 1) eggs were collected by dissolving gelatinous matrices in a NaOCl PCN and potato yield. In this study potato genotypes with solution at a concentration of either 0.525 %,1.05 %,1.31 %, partial resistance derived from S. vemei were grown on land 1.75 % or 2.62 %;2) eggs were extracted comminuting the infested with G.
    [Show full text]
  • Nematode Management in Cole Crops1 Z
    ENY-024 Nematode Management in Cole Crops1 Z. J. Grabau and J. W. Noling2 Plant-parasitic nematodes are small microscopic round- Plant-Parasitic Nematodes worms that live in the soil and attack the roots of plants. Plant-parasitic nematodes are microscopic roundworms Crop production problems induced by nematodes therefore that feed on plant tissue. Most plant-parasitic nematodes generally occur as a result of root dysfunction; nematodes live in the soil and attack the roots of plants. This can reduce rooting volume and the efficiency with which roots reduce yield by reducing root function and consequently forage for and use water and nutrients. Many different plant growth. Cole crops are selected plants in the family genera and species of nematodes can be important to crop Brassicaceae whose leaves or shoots are harvested. They production in Florida. In many cases a mixed community include cabbage, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, of plant-parasitic nematodes is present in a field, rather collards, and others. Many different genera and species of than having a single species occurring alone. Root-knot, nematodes cause damage in Florida cole crop production sting, stubby-root, and awl nematodes are important pests (Rhoades 1986; McSorley and Dickson 1995; Perez et of crucifers; a cyst nematode is serious in local areas of al. 2000b). In many cases, a mixed community of plant- central Florida. Radishes are occasionally deformed slightly parasitic nematodes is present in a field, rather than a single by root-knot nematodes, but they normally escape serious species. The most important nematode pests of cole crops injury because of their short growth period (less than a in Florida are species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne complete nematode life cycle).
    [Show full text]