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Résumés Des Communications Et Posters Présentés Lors Du Xviiie Symposium International De La Société Européenne Des Nématologistes

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Résumés Des Communications Et Posters Présentés Lors Du Xviiie Symposium International De La Société Européenne Des Nématologistes Résumés des communications et posters présentés lors du XVIIIe Symposium International de la Société Européenne des Nématologistes. Antibes,. France, 7-12 septembre' 1986. Abrantes, 1. M. de O. & Santos, M. S. N. de A. - Egg Alphey, T. J. & Phillips, M. S. - Integrated control of the production bv Meloidogyne arenaria on two host plants. potato cyst nimatode Globoderapallida using low rates of A Portuguese population of Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, nematicide and partial resistors. 1889) Chitwood, 1949 race 2 was maintained on tomato cv. Rutgers in thegreenhouse. The objective of Our investigation At the present time there are no potato genotypes which was to determine the egg production by M. arenaria on two have absolute resistance to the potato cyst nematode (PCN), host plants using two procedures. In Our experiments tomato Globodera pallida. Partial resistance to G. pallida has been bred into cultivars of potato from Solanum vemei cv. Rutgers and balsam (Impatiens walleriana Hooketfil.) corn-mercial seedlings were inoculated withO00 5 eggs per plant.The plants and S. tuberosum ssp. andigena CPC 2802. Field experiments ! were harvested 60 days after inoculation and the eggs were havebeen undertaken to study the interactionbetween nematicide and partial resistance with respect to control of * separated from roots by the following two procedures: 1) eggs were collected by dissolving gelatinous matrices in a NaOCl PCN and potato yield. In this study potato genotypes with solution at a concentration of either 0.525 %,1.05 %,1.31 %, partial resistance derived from S. vemei were grown on land 1.75 % or 2.62 %;2) eggs were extracted comminuting the infested with G. pallida Pa213 and treated with low rates ofthe cutting roots in a Waring Blender, then shaking the mixture nematicidealdicarb. The potatogenotypes used included in a NaOCl solution at a concentration of either 0.525 %, clones with estimated resistances ranging from 40 % to 98 %. 1.05 %,1.31 %,1.75 % or 2.62 %.Hatching and infectivity tests The nematicidealdicarb was used at theapproved rate were also assessed. The numbers of eggs recovered per root .(33.6 kg. ha-'), 0.5 rate, and 0.25 rate. Untreated controls were systemwere lower in balsamthan in tomato. The results included. Soi1 samples were collected per plotat planting and suggest that greater quantities of eggs were obtained using the at harvest andthe numbers of juveniles g-' soi1 recorded.The second procedure with a solution of1.05 % or1.75 % of multiplicationrates (PdPi) forplots, genotypes, nematicide NaOCl, for tomato and balsam plants, respectively. treatments and the interactions were calculated. The results indicated that foral1 genotypes, at this site, PdPi values of less Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3049 than 1 were obtained even with the 0.5 rate of aldicarb. For Coimbra Codex, Portugal. genotypes with resistances greater than 50 O/O (12243, 11233, and 12380) the 0.25 rate decreasedPf/Pi below 1.The tolerance of the genotypes varies considerably and were not related to resistances. The yieldof 12243 (50 Oh) resistant was not Ainsworth, L. F., Boag, B. & Robertson, W. M. - The changed by the use of any one of the rates of nematicide speci5ty of the nematophagous fungusArthrobotrys dasguptae. whereas, that for 12380 (98 % resistant) was increased 4-fold Arthrobotys dasguptae produces detachable adhesive knobs by the 0.25 rates of nematicide, 5-fold by the 0.5 rate, and which attach themselvesto nematodes which come in contact 7-fold by the full approved rate. with them. The efficiency with which this process takes place Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, 002 can be quantified by counting the numberof adhesive knobs SDA, UK. on the different speciesof nematode and by correcting forthe surface area of the nematode. The result indicated that large numbers of adhesive knobs adhered to Rotylenchus robustus and R. fullorobustus whileslightly fewer were attached to Alphey, T.J. W. & Taylor,C. E. - Mapping the geographical Criconemoides infonnis 'and Henzicycliophora conida. Low distribution of the Longidoridae andTrichodoridae for Europe. numbers werealso foundon Tylenchorhynchus 'dubius, Panagrellus redivivus, Turbatrix aceti, Globodera rostochiensis, Over the past five years nematologists in several European G. pallida and Longidorus attenuatus. No adhesive hobs were countries have submitted distribution data, generated from foundon L. elongatus, L. leptocephalus, L. vineacola, various national surveys and collections,to the Scottish Crop L. goodeyi, Xiphinema diversicaudatum, Trichodorus Research Institute (SCRI) for mapping.The SCRI, in its role primitivus, T. velatus, Paratrichodorus pachydennus or ascoordinator of the EuropeanPlant Parasitic Nematode P. anemones. On R. robustus the number and rate at which Survey (EPPNS), has developed programs for the computer adhesive knobs were acquired was greatest at the anterior end mapping of nematodedistributions for eachparticipating .of the nematode than alongthe body or onthe tail. Preliminary country. To date eleven EPPNS atlases containing data from thirteen countries have been published. During the past year investigations have suggestedthat theefficiency with whichA. al1 the submitted national data concerningthe distribution of dasguptae attach themselves to the different nematode species the Longidoridae and Trichodoridae were transferred into a may be associated with the presence of carbohydrates on the single partitioned file. Al1 site location grid references were nematode cuticle. converted from the various national grid scales into standard Scottish CmpResearch Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, 002 UTM 50 km grid references. In cooperative work with the 5DA, UK. Department of Geography,University of Dundee,a new 285 program was produced to draw an outline base map of Europe. of cytoplasm and the number of mitochondria reached the From this program individual maps showing the distributions maximum at the time of egg-sac formation. In the giant cell of 63 longidorid and trichodorid species in Europe as a whole induced by H. carotae the wall ingrowths appeared weaker in have been drawn. comparison with the other species. Signs of advanced dege- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 neration of the cell were evident at the stage of newlv browned 5 DA, UK. cyst in G. rostochiensis. On the contrary, at this stage giant cell nroduced bv H, schachtii. H. goettingiana “and H. carotae maintained a condition of activity : although the cytoplasm wass less consistant, the mitochondrial cristal dilated and the Ambrogioni, L., Caroppo, S., Gregori, E., Miclaus, N. plasmalemma barely distinguishable. In conclusion, the cycle & Pelagatti, 0. - Nematode population density and biological of syncytium development may be related to the demand made activity of soil under sugar beet crops and pesticide treatments. on the cell by nematodes with and without egg-sac and more An evaluation was made of the effects of three consecutive or less intensive egg production. sugar beet crops and of treatments with Terbufos (200 g/ha Istituto Sperimentale per la Zoologia Agraria, Cascine de1 a.i.) and Pyrazon (5.5 kg/ha a.i.) on the population levels of Riccio, Firenze, Italy. nematodes and on several soil biota. The data of the last two years were submitted to a factorial statistical analysis. Treat- ments did not produce significant effects on free-living bac- terial feeding and predatory nematodes, but, considering Antoniou, M.*, & Evans, A. A. F.** - The effect of maximum population levels, the density of these nematodes temperature on the breaking of diapause in Meloidogyne naasi. appeared greater, during the second year in the sugar beet Meloidogyne naasi, a temperate root-knot nematode treated and untreated plots in comparison with the unculti- attacking cereals, overwinters in the soil as J2, in the egg stage. vated ones. The density of phytoparasitic nematodes was The hatching behaviour of six populations of M. naasi, from significantly higher (P = 0.05) in the untreated sugar beet Belgium, France, Germany, Wales, New Zealand and USA plots than in the treated ones. The composition of the nemato- (California), was studied in the laboratory. Temperature was fauna, including about 20 genera with bacterial feeding, found to be the main factor influencing the termination of predatory, funga feeding and phytoparasitic species. The most diapause in this species. The general hatching trends were very common of which were Acrobeloides. Panaarolaimus. Rhabdi- similar in all populations studied. Spontaneous hatch at tis, Aphelenchoides, Aphelenchus, Helicotyienchus, karatylen- temperatures from 0’ to 40’ was very low, with the exception thus, Pratylenchus, Tylenchus was not sensibly altered by the of the Belgian isolate. In all populations, chilling (temperatures sugar beet crop or the pesticide treatments. A positive corre- between O’to 15”), was necessary before eggs could hatch at lation has been observed between the density of bacterial 20”. The most favourably chilling temperature was 10’ for all feeding and predatory nematodes and total microbial count, populations except for the German isolate which hatched best ATP level, phosphatase activity in the soil. Fungi, actinomyce- at 5“. Best incubation time varied with population and was tes. ereen aleae and blue-green algae (cvanobacteria) were found to be 13 to 19 weeks. In all populations studied, there not&ably r&rced by the pesticydes ‘(1 49 O%, - ‘39 %, appeared
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