DOCSLIB.ORG

Nanoparticles for Pest Control: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nanoparticles for Pest Control: Current Status and Future Perspectives J Pest Sci (2018) 91:1–15 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-017-0898-0 REVIEW Nanoparticles for pest control: current status and future perspectives 1 2 3,7 4 C. G. Athanassiou • N. G. Kavallieratos • G. Benelli • D. Losic • 5 6 P. Usha Rani • N. Desneux Received: 3 October 2016 / Revised: 19 June 2017 / Accepted: 21 June 2017 / Published online: 21 August 2017 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017 Abstract In the current paper, we reviewed the use of agents. Finally, the potentials in the use of NPs are briefly nanoparticles (NPs) in crop protection, emphasizing the illustrated and discussed. control of pests in the agricultural and urban environment. At the same time, we provide the framework on which the Keywords Nanotechnology Á Green synthesis Á technology of NPs is based and the various categories of Nanopesticides Á Nanotoxicity Á Nanoencapsulation Á NPs that are currently used for pest control. Apart from the Nanoinsecticides use of NPs as carriers of a broad category of active ingredients, including insecticides and pheromones, some Key message NPs can be used successfully as insecticides alone. More- over, several types of NPs are produced by natural • There is a knowledge gap on the use of nanoparticles in resource-based substances, which make them promising pest control. ‘‘green’’ alternatives to the use of traditional pest control • We reviewed the use of nanoparticles for insect control and the different categories of pests that can be controlled. Communicated by M. Traugott. • Nanoparticles should become important components in an IPM-based strategy in the agro-food and urban & C. G. Athanassiou [email protected] environment. 1 Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Introduction Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 N. Ionia, Magnesia, Greece Despite the fact that there are several available alternative 2 Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of methods, pest control is still largely based on the use of pes- Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Attica, Greece ticides, in the sense of organic chemical-based ingredients that 3 Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, are applied on the crops, the commodity, or the urban envi- University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy ronment. Even today, many of the registered pesticides are 4 neurotoxic, which means that their primary mode of action School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia interferes with the insects’ nervous system and may pose risks of mammals. Newer compounds, such as the insecticides that 5 Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India are adenosine triphosphate (ATP) disruptors or insect growth regulators (IGRs), have been introduced recently in the mar- 6 INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), Universite´ Coˆte d’Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut ket and have gradually reduced the use of neurotoxic com- Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France pounds, but there are still concerns about their environmental 7 The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, impact. In this regard, pesticide use has been related with Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy mammalian toxicity, environmental contamination, and 123 2 J Pest Sci (2018) 91:1–15 bioaccumulation. These variables, along with the increased relevant for their use in pesticide application, including toxi- frequency of resistance development by many insect species city. A broad variety of materials were synthesized or used to many of the currently used compounds, are major key from natural materials to make NPs in different forms and challenges in agriculture, and may considerably limit the chemical composition including metal, metal oxides, semi- active ingredients that are effective. To address these prob- conductor quantum dots (QDs), carbon, ceramics, silicates, lems, new pest control strategies are required through intro- lipids, polymers, proteins, dendrimers, and emulsions (Nie- duction of innovative pest-resistive concepts and advanced meyer and Doz 2001;Oskam2006;Puocietal.2008). Some technologies for pest management. common benefits of NP-based pesticide formulations include: Nanotechnology is emerging as a highly attractive research (a) increased solubility of water insoluble active ingredients, field toward achieving these goals, offering new methods for (b) increased stability of formulation, (c) elimination of toxic designing novel active ingredients with nanoscale dimen- organic solvents in comparison with conventionally used sions, as well as their formulation and delivery, which are pesticides, (d) capability for slow release of active ingredients, collectively referred to as ‘‘nanopesticides.’’ Nanopesticide (e) improved stability to prevent their early degradation, research, introduced relatively recently, is an emerging field (f) improved mobility and higher insecticidal activity due to that can be defined as application of nanotechnology for crop smaller particle size, and (g) larger surface area which is likely protection. This field compromises broad research aspects to extend their longevity (Sasson et al. 2007). including study of fundamental understanding of interaction This review presents the recent advances in the devel- of nanoscale materials and insects, formulation of the active opment of NP-based formulations on the basis of three ingredients into nanoemulsions and dispersions using existing major concepts: the improvement of conventional pesticide pesticides, development of new nanopesticide formulations formulations, the development of delivery systems and the using nanomaterials as active pesticide agents, or using these use of NPs as nanocarriers, and solid NPs used as active nanomaterials as nanocarriers for their delivery (Smith et al. pesticide agents. 2008; Yasur and Usha Rani 2013; Benelli et al. 2017). This broad nanopesticide research is expected to address the main limitations of the existing pest control strategies and provides Nanoparticles to improve pesticide formulations new advanced nano-based formulations that remain stable and active in the target environment (i.e., not heavily affected by Recently, a number of plant-synthesized NPs have been sun, heat, and rain), penetrate the target organism (insect), investigated for their efficacy against arthropod pests of resist defense of the pest, remain benign to plants and mam- economic importance, including moths (Roni et al. 2015), mals, be cost effective to formulate and manufacture, and beetles (Abduz Zahir et al. 2012), lice (e.g., Pediculus preferably possess a new mode of action (Smith et al. 2008; humanus capitis) (Jayaseelan et al. 2011), hard ticks (e.g., Benelli 2016a, b). Haemaphysalis bispinosa) (Abduz Zahir and Abdul Rahuman 2012), louse flies (e.g., Hippobosca maculata) (Jayaseelan et al. 2012), and mosquitoes (Benelli 2016a, b). Nanoparticles for pest control: definition, concepts, However, not surprisingly, the majority of research dealing and perspectives with nanosynthesis of insecticides focused on mosquito control. More than 100 research products were found in the Nanoparticles (NPs) can be defined as a subclass of ultrafine SCOPUS database using the keywords ‘‘plant nanoparticles particles with characteristic dimensions from 1 to 100 nm and mosquitoes’’ (Benelli 2016a). have properties that are not shared by non-nanoscale particles Most of currently used pesticides are poorly water sol- with the same chemical composition (Auffan et al. 2009). The uble molecules, and their formulations are based on basis of the 100-nm limit is the fact that unique properties that emulsifiable concentrates (ECs), oil-in-water (O/W) differentiate particles from the bulk material typically develop emulsions, or similar formulations that are variations of the at a critical size of under 100 nm. However, because other above (Knowles 2009). ECs usually consist of organic phenomena (e.g., transparency or turbidity, ultrafiltration, solvents that are expensive, flammable, and toxic, or a stable dispersion) that extend the upper limit are occasionally blend of surfactant emulsifiers to ensure spontaneous considered, the use of the prefix ‘‘nano’’ (‘‘ma9mo’’ in Greek, emulsification into water in the spray tank. O/W emulsions meaning small, dwarf) is accepted for dimensions smaller than do not have these shortcomings because they are based on 500 nm (Alema´netal.2007). The size, shape (spherical, rods, the removal of solvent and the introduction of a mixture of tubes, irregular), surface-to-volume ratio, crystal phase (crys- a non-ionic surfactant, block polymers, and polymeric talline, amorphous), and chemical composition (e.g., metallic, surfactants; nevertheless, one of the major drawbacks in carbon, inorganic, organic, polymeric) are key parameters their use is the fact that emulsification requires high-energy which define many outstanding properties of these materials input (Kah et al. 2013; Kah and Hofmann 2014). 123 J Pest Sci (2018) 91:1–15 3 To address these disadvantages, new formulations based et al. 2011). Plant cell walls have the remarkable capability on micro- and nanoemulsions were introduced with the of impeding the entry of NPs. In spite of this doubtful capability to provide NPs in sizes from 20 to 100 nm impact of nanomaterial application on plants, some of the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Predicting Risks of Invasion of Caulerpa Species in Florida
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2006 Predicting Risks Of Invasion Of Caulerpa Species In Florida Christian Glardon University of Central Florida Part of the Biology Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Glardon, Christian, "Predicting Risks Of Invasion Of Caulerpa Species In Florida" (2006). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 840. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/840 PREDICTING RISKS OF INVASION OF CAULERPA SPECIES IN FLORIDA by CHRISTIAN GEORGES GLARDON B.S. University of Lausanne, Switzerland A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Biology in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2006 ABSTRACT Invasions of exotic species are one of the primary causes of biodiversity loss on our planet (National Research Council 1995). In the marine environment, all habitat types including estuaries, coral reefs, mud flats, and rocky intertidal shorelines have been impacted (e.g. Bertness et al. 2001). Recently, the topic of invasive species has caught the public’s attention. In particular, there is worldwide concern about the aquarium strain of the green alga Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh that was introduced to the Mediterranean Sea in 1984 from the Monaco Oceanographic Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Caulerpa Racemosa Var. Cylindracea (Forsskal) J.Agardh ; Devant La Côte Ouest Algérienne
    REPUBLIQUE ALGERIENNE DEMOCRATIQUE ET POPULAIRE MINISTERE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE UNIVERSITE ABDELHAMID IBN BADIS MOSTAGANEM FACULTE DES SCIENCES DE LA NATURE ET DE LA VIE DEPARTEMENT DES SCIENCES DE LA MER ET DE L’AQUACULTURE FILIERE : HYDROBIOLOGIE MARINE ET CONTINENTALE SPECIALITE : ECOLOGIE ET ENVIRONNEMENT THESE POUR L’OBTENTION DU DIPLOME DE DOCTORAT EN SCIENCES Présentée par : GHELLAI Malika Intitulée : L’expansion, le contrôle et le suivi de l’algue marine invasive : Caulerpa racemosa Var. cylindracea (Forsskal) J.Agardh ; devant la côte ouest algérienne Soutenue le : 1 Juin 2021 Devant le jury composé de : Mme. BENAMAR Nardjess Professeur Université de Mostaganem Présidente Mme. NEMCHI Fadela Maître de conférences A Université de Mostaganem Examinatrice M. KERFOUF Ahmed Professeur Université de Sidi Bel-Abbes Examinateur M. MOUFFOK Salim Professeur Université Oran1 Examinateur M.CHAHROUR Fayçal Maître de conférences A Université Oran 1 Examinateur M.BACHIR BOUIADJRA Benabdellah Maître de conférences A Université de Mostaganem Rapporteur Année universitaire 2020-2021 DEDICACE Je dédie ce travail A ma famille, elle qui m’a doté d’une éducation digne, son amour a fait de moi ce que je suis aujourd’hui : Particulièrement à mes parents, pour le gout à l’effort qu’ils ont suscité en moi, de par leur rigueur, que cette thèse soit le meilleur cadeau que je puisse vous offrir. A mon frère, mes sœurs qui m’ont toujours soutenu et encouragé durant ces années d’études A mon mari qui a toujours été à mes cotés pour me soutenir et m’encourager pour la réalisation de ce travail.
    [Show full text]
  • Phaeophyta) by Caulerpa Scalpelliformis (Chlorophyta
    Botanica Marina 48 (2005): 208–217 ᮊ 2005 by Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • New York. DOI 10.1515/BOT.2005.033 Changes in shallow phytobenthic assemblages in southeastern Brazil, following the replacement of Sargassum vulgare (Phaeophyta) by Caulerpa scalpelliformis (Chlorophyta) Cristina Falca˜o1,* and Maria Teresa Menezes tered and unpolluted sites are dominated by Sargassum de Sze´ chy2 species (Phaeophyta, Sargassaceae), forming dense and extensive beds (Oliveira Filho and Paula 1979, Sze´ chy 1 Bioconsult Ambiental Ltda, Rua Maria Ama´ lia 658/101, and Paula 2000a, Amado Filho et al. 2003). Sargassum Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil CEP 20511-270, vulgare C. Agardh and S. filipendula C. Agardh are com- e-mail: [email protected] monly encountered in the rocky phytobenthic communi- 2 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de ties of Ilha Grande Bay, on the southern coast of the state Cieˆ ncias da Sau´ de, Instituto de Biologia, Rua Conde de of Rio de Janeiro (Falca˜ o et al. 1992, Sze´ chy and Paula Bonfim 74/601, Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil CEP 2000b). 20520-053 Sargassum species are strong competitors for space *Corresponding author and light in rocky shore communities, as in the case of S. muticum (Yendo) Fensholt (Critchley et al. 1990). Paula and Eston (1987) suggested that some Brazilian species, such as S. stenophyllum Mart., possess the same inva- Abstract sive potential as S. muticum, when comparing their adaptive strategies. Later, the competitive superiority of The structure of shallow sublittoral phytobenthic assem- S. stenophyllum in a shallow rocky sublittoral community blages from Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, southeast- from the state of Sa˜ o Paulo was demonstrated by Eston ern Brazil, was described to evaluate the effect of the and Bussab (1990).
    [Show full text]
  • National Management Plan for the Genus Caulerpa
    National Management Plan for the Genus Caulerpa Photo by R. Woodfield, Merkel and Associates Submitted to the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force Prepared by the Caulerpa Working Group Draft - October, 2004 Executive Summary A variety of surveys have confirmed at least twenty-one species and varieties of Caulerpa with populations in different regions of the United States (U.S.). Three species of Caulerpa are thought to be invasive due to their historic and ongoing invasions of U.S. and Deleted: species have warranted special foreign waters; Caulerpa taxifolia (Aquarium or Mediterranean strain), Caulerpa brachypus and concern Caulerpa racemosa. Deleted: to which they are not native In June 2000 divers detected C. taxifolia (Mediterranean strain) in Agua Hedionda Lagoon located in Carlsbad, CA and a second population in Huntington Harbor, CA. Divers first discovered non-native C. brachypus off the coast of southern Florida in 1999. Concerns have Deleted: The spread of C. brachypus also been raised by scientists about C. racemosa, which has spread rapidly in the Mediterranean, has raised concerns because of its potential impact on the reef ecosystem off but has not yet produced any problematic populations in U.S. waters. the southeastern coast of Florida. The impact of Caulerpa on natural systems in U.S. waters is unknown. It is possible to Deleted: Introduction and spread of infer likely impacts based on documented impacts in similar ecosystems in other regions of the Caulerpa species into world, where non-native Caulerpa species have become established. Deleted: remain largely unstudied so Documented impacts of invasive Caulerpa species include competition with marine plants and the likely impacts on U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Seaweed Species Diversity from Veraval and Sikka Coast, Gujarat, India
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(11): 3667-3675 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 11 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.911.441 Seaweed Species Diversity from Veraval and Sikka Coast, Gujarat, India Shivani Pathak*, A. J. Bhatt, U. G. Vandarvala and U. D. Vyas Department of Fisheries Resource Management, College of Fisheries Science, Veraval, Gujarat, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The aim of the present investigation focused on a different group of seaweeds observed K e yw or ds from Veraval and Sikka coasts, Gujarat from September 2019 to February 2020, to understand their seaweeds diversity. Seaweed diversity at Veraval and Sikka coasts has Seaweeds diversity, been studied for six months the using belt transect random sampling method. It was Veraval, Sikka observed that seaweeds were not found permanently during the study period but some species were observed only for short periods while other species occurred for a particular season. A total of 50 species of seaweeds were recorded in the present study, of which 17 Article Info species belong to green algae, 14 species belong to brown algae and 19 species of red Accepted: algae at Veraval and Sikka coasts. Rhodophyceae group was dominant among all the 24 October 2020 classes. There were variations in species of marine macroalgae between sites and Available Online: seasons.During the diversity survey, economically important species like Ulva lactuca, U. 10 November 2020 fasciata, Sargassum sp., and Caulerpa sp., were reported.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Taxonomic Survey of Caulerpa Lamouroux Species (Chlorophyta, Caulerpales) in the Southern Coasts of Iran
    American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) ISSN (Print) 2313-4410, ISSN (Online) 2313-4402 © Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers http://asrjetsjournal.org/ A New Taxonomic Survey of Caulerpa Lamouroux Species (Chlorophyta, Caulerpales) in the Southern Coasts of Iran Masoumeh Shamsa*, Nahid Ghaed Aminib aNajaf Abad College of Science and Technology, Najaf Abad, Islamic Republic of Iran bDepartment of Biology,Payame Noor University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran aEmail: [email protected] Abstract The genus Caulerpa (Chlorophyta), a coenocytic marine macroalgae, consists of about 75 species of tropical to subtropical siphonous green algae. Caulerpa species inhabit the intertidal and shallow subtidal region along the coast of Iraniansouth. The aim of this research was the taxonomic and florestic study of the genus Caulerpa in the southern coast of Iran due to the abundance of this genus, as well as the importance of this genus in terms of food and especially its antioxidant and anti-bacterial properties. In a survey conducted from Febriary 2015 to January 2016, we found seven species as Caulerpa cupressoides (vahl.) C. Agardh, C. peltata (Lamouroux), C. racemose (Forskkal) J. Agardh, C. fastigiataMontagne, C. scalpelliformis (Turner) C. Agardh, C. sertularioides (S.G.Gemelin.) Howe;C. taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh. In conclusion, a little study is known about the diversity of this genus along the coast of Iran, and this study can at least partly be attributed to the complex systematics of the genus, which is characterized by considerable morphological plasticity. Keywords: Caulerpa; Distribution; Iran; Taxonomy. 1. Introduction Caulerpa (Chlorophyta, Caulerpales) or Briopsidophyceae [1] is one of the most distinctive algal genera, identifiable solely on the basis of its habit (growth form) and internal morphology [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Species Distributions: from Data to Predictive Models
    Marine Species Distributions: From data to predictive models Samuel Bosch Promoter: Prof. Dr. Olivier De Clerck Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (PhD) in Science – Biology Academic year 2016-2017 Members of the examination committee Prof. Dr. Olivier De Clerck - Ghent University (Promoter)* Prof. Dr. Tom Moens – Ghent University (Chairman) Prof. Dr. Elie Verleyen – Ghent University (Secretary) Prof. Dr. Frederik Leliaert – Botanic Garden Meise / Ghent University Dr. Tom Webb – University of Sheffield Dr. Lennert Tyberghein - Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee * non-voting members Financial support This thesis was funded by the ERANET INVASIVES project (EU FP7 SEAS-ERA/INVASIVES SD/ER/010) and by VLIZ as part of the Flemish contribution to the LifeWatch ESFRI. Table of contents Chapter 1 General Introduction 7 Chapter 2 Fishing for data and sorting the catch: assessing the 25 data quality, completeness and fitness for use of data in marine biogeographic databases Chapter 3 sdmpredictors: an R package for species distribution 49 modelling predictor datasets Chapter 4 In search of relevant predictors for marine species 61 distribution modelling using the MarineSPEED benchmark dataset Chapter 5 Spatio-temporal patterns of introduced seaweeds in 97 European waters, a critical review Chapter 6 A risk assessment of aquarium trade introductions of 119 seaweed in European waters Chapter 7 Modelling the past, present and future distribution of 147 invasive seaweeds in Europe Chapter 8 General discussion 179 References 193 Summary 225 Samenvatting 229 Acknowledgements 233 Chapter 1 General Introduction 8 | C h a p t e r 1 Species distribution modelling Throughout most of human history knowledge of species diversity and their respective distributions was an essential skill for survival and civilization.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Marine Macroalgae and Their Current and Potential Use in Cosmetics
    Invasive Marine Macroalgae and their Current and Potential Use in Cosmetics Colin McReynolds 2017 Invasive Marine Macroalgae and their Current and Potential Use in Cosmetics Colin McReynolds Project Report for obtaining the Master's Degree in Marine Resources Biotechnology Masters project carried out under the guidance of Doctor Francois Sieber and co- supervision of Doctor Clélia Neves Afonso 2017 I Title: Invasive Marine Macroalgae and their Current and Potential Use in Cosmetics. Título: Macroalgas invasoras marinhas e o seu potencial atual e futuro, na cosmética. Copyright © Colin McReynolds Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar Instituto Politécnico de Leiria A Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar e o Instituto Politécnico de Leiria têm o direito, perpétuo e sem limites geográficos, de arquivar e publicar este trabalho de projeto através de exemplares impressos reproduzidos em papel ou de forma digital, ou por qualquer outro meio conhecido ou que venha a ser inventado, e de a divulgar através de repositórios científicos e de admitir a sua cópia e distribuição com objetivos educacionais ou de investigação, não comerciais, desde que seja dado crédito ao autor e editor. II III Abstract With increasing interconnectivity, human population growth along coastlines and changing climate, nearshore ecological assemblages are being modified at an unprecedented rate. These changes are bringing to light widespread proliferations of macroalgae, with various effects on the affected ecosystems. However, this abundance may also present opportunities. The production of cosmetics, and particularly those from natural origin, is in high demand. Many of the invasive species have demonstrated biological activity that can be applied to skin care products, so-called ‘cosmeceuticals’.
    [Show full text]
  • Caulerpa Taxifolia Conference Proceedings
    UC San Diego Conference Proceedings Title International Caulerpa taxifolia Conference Proceedings Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/16c6578n Authors Williams, Erin Grosholz, Edwin Publication Date 2002-12-31 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California International Caulerpa taxifolia Conference Proceedings January 31 – February 1, 2002 San Diego, California, U.S.A. This publication was supported in part by the National Sea Grant College Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Oceanic Published by the California Sea Grant and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA College Program Grant #NA06RG0142, project number A/P-1, University of California, San Diego through the California Sea Grant College La Jolla, California 92093 Program. The views expressed herein do not www.csgc-ucsd.edu necessarily reflect the views of any of those 2002 organizations. Cover photo by A. Meinesz International Caulerpa taxifolia Conference Proceedings January 31–February 1, 2002 San Diego, California U.S.A. Hosted by the University of California Cooperative Extension With Support From: California Department of Fish & Game California Sea Grant College Program U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force Proceedings Assistance Provided by: California Sea Grant College Program Edited by: Erin Williams Outreach Coordinator Department of Environmental Science & Policy University of California, Davis Edwin Grosholz Associate Specialist in Cooperative Extension Department of Environmental Science & Policy University of California, Davis California Sea Grant College Program University of California La Jolla, California 92093-0232 www-csgc.ucsd.edu Publication No. T-047 ISBN 1-888691-11-5 Acknowledgments First, we would like to thank the scientists, managers, and educators for their participation during the workshop and for the considerable time invested both before and after the workshop.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Activities of Tropical Green Algae from Australia
    Biological Activities of Tropical Green Algae from Australia A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By NA WANG School of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering April 2016 THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Family name: Wang First name: Na Other name/s: Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: School: Chemical Engineering Faculty: Engineering Title: Biological Activities of Tropical Green Algae from Australia Abstract Macroalgae are rich in bioactive components such as carotenoids, phenolic compounds and proteins/peptides, which may play a significant role in the prevention of diseases like cancer, obesity and diabetes. The aim of this thesis was to examine the in vitro biological activities of phenolic compounds, carotenoids and protein hydrolysates from three edible green macroalgae (Ulva ohnoi, Derbesia tenuissima and Oedogonium intermedium) cultured in tropical Australia. The phenolic components were extracted with 60% aqueous ethanol and their antioxidant activities were determined by four different assays (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and ORAC). The extracts exhibited moderate levels of antioxidant activities. However, analysis of the extracts by HPLC-PDA, GC-MS, LC-MS and 1H NMR failed to detect any phenolic components, while a number of free amino acids, fatty acids and sugars were found, which were likely responsible for the measured antioxidant activities. Carotenoids were extracted from the algae by dichloromethane, and the extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activities, as well as potent inhibitory effects against several metabolically important enzymes including α-amylase, α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase and hyaluronidase. However, the carotenoid extracts were poor inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).
    [Show full text]
  • ZNO- NPS) Via Green Approach for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity Against Human Pathogenic Bacteria (HPB) Strains
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 04, APRIL 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 Synthesis Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZNO- NPS) Via Green Approach For Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity Against Human Pathogenic Bacteria (HPB) Strains ER. Prasad, SR. Sivakumar Abstract: Eco-friendly approach using marine macroalgae Turbinaria ornata (TO) aqueous extract was developed for the formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) without employing any stabilizer and a chemical surfactant. By a benign process we have synthesized TOZnO-NPs through green process which has economic benefits and eco-friendly over chemical and physical methods. The TOZnO-NPs structural and textural features were characterized by various analytical techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometer, XRD, SEM, EDX, DLS, Fe-SEM and FTIR. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of TOZnO-NPs displayed high antimicrobial potency on selective gram negative and positive human pathogenic bacteria (HPB). Antimicrobial activity portrayed higher inhibition activity 16 mm against Escherichia coli (NCIM 2931) andminimal 12 mm in Staphylococcus aureus (NCIM 5021). Anti-microbial mechanism of TOZnO-NPs employed a biphasic phenomenon persuading by osmotic shock that could attack the cell wall directly leads to death. These findings clearly implicate that green TOZnO-NPs is a new paradigm to mitigate the HPB strains. Keywords: Human pathogenic bacteria; Green nanotechnology; T. ornata; Zinc oxide nanoparticles; Anti-bacterial activity ———————————————————— 1. INTRODUCTION: The USA, Center for Disease Control and Prevention Widespread bacterial resistance induced by the abuse of (CDC) estimated that at least 90,000 deaths to bacterial antibiotics eagerly needs the exploitation of novel infection, more than half caused by ABR (Rawashdeh and antimicrobial agents and strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • National Management Plan for the Genus Caulerpa
    National Management Plan for the Genus Caulerpa Photo by R. Woodfield, Merkel and Associates Submitted to the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force Prepared by the Caulerpa Working Group October, 2005 Executive Summary A variety of surveys have confirmed at least twenty-one species and varieties of Caulerpa with populations in different regions of the United States (U.S.). Three species of Caulerpa are thought to be invasive due to their historic and ongoing invasions of U.S. and foreign waters; Caulerpa taxifolia (Aquarium or Mediterranean strain), Caulerpa brachypus and Caulerpa racemosa. In December 1999, the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force (ANSTF) established the Caulerpa taxifolia (Mediterranean strain) Prevention Committee. The Committee drafted the “Prevention Program for the Mediterranean strain of Caulerpa taxifolia” (Appendix A) which was an extension of the prior "Action plan to prevent the introduction and dispersal of the Mediterranean strain of Caulerpa taxifolia in U.S. waters”. In June 2000 divers detected C. taxifolia (Mediterranean strain) in Agua Hedionda Lagoon located in Carlsbad, CA and a second population in Huntington Harbor, CA. Divers first discovered non-native C. brachypus off the coast of southern Florida in 1999. Concerns have also been raised by scientists about C. racemosa, which has spread rapidly in the Mediterranean, but has not yet produced any problematic populations in U.S. waters. Documented impacts of invasive Caulerpa species include competition with marine plants and macroalgae, direct and indirect impacts on marine invertebrates, direct and indirect impacts on marine vertebrates and economic impacts due to control costs and costs associated with ecosystem alteration. To date, eradication efforts for C.
    [Show full text]