Boletín Rola nº 8, segundo semestre 2016
Update on the zoogeography of Odonata in the Macaronesian Islands
Florian Weihrauch1, Virgílio Vieira2, Adolfo Cordero-Rivera3 & Nuno de Santos Loureiro4
1 Osmylus Scientific Publishers, Postfach 1212, 85280 Wolnzach, Germany;
SUMMARY Based on the comprehensive review by Weihrauch (2011), the checklists of all archipelagos of the Macaronesian Islands and the available literature on the distribution of their Odonata are brought up to date. Pantala flavescens is new to the Azores and the Canary Islands. The first record of Ischnura hastata from Graciosa Island confirms the species' breeding in all nine islands of the Azores. The presence of Ischnura senegalensis in the Canary Islands is confirmed. Single specimens of Agriocnemis exilis, Anax rutherfordi, and Anax tristis found in museum collections bring the checklist of Cape Verde to 17 species. No new species have been reported from Madeira or the Savage Islands. In summary, the checklist of Macaronesian Odonata now comprises acknowledged records of 23 species (8 Zygoptera, 15 Anisoptera). 9 Boletín Rola nº 8, segundo semestre 2016
RESUMEN Se actualizan los inventarios de los odonatos detectados en todos los archipiélagos de Macaronesia, basandosé en la literatura publicada posteriormente al estudio de Weihrauch (2011). Desde entonces, se ha detectado Pantala flavescens, nueva en Azores e Islas Canarias. La primera cita de Ischnura hastata en Graciosa ha confirmado su reproducción en las nueve islas de las Azores. La presencia de Ischnura senegalensis fue confirmada en las Islas Canarias. Especímenes únicos de Agriocnemis exilis, Anax rutherfordi y Anax tristis han aparecido en colecciones de museos, elevando el inventario de Cabo Verde a 17 especies. No se han registrado nuevas especies en Madeira e Islas Salvajes. En resumen, el inventario de Macaronesia comprende actualmente 23 especies (8 Zigópteros, 15 Anisópteros).
INTRODUCTION Weihrauch (2011) evaluated the then available, published and also a few unpublished records for his comprehensive review of the occurrence and distribution
WEIHRAUCH, F. (2011) A of Odonata in the Macaronesian Islands and provided review of the distribution the first detailed checklist for the various Macaronesian of Odonata in the Archipelagos. However, only half a decade later, Macaronesian Islands, with particular reference to the increased knowledge as well as some new, sometimes Ischnura puzzle. Journal of unexpected, records have already altered the checklist. the B.D.S., 27: 28-46. What is more, significant parts of the so-called “Ischnura PEELS, F. (2014) The puzzle” outlined in the same study –i.e., the question occurrence of Ischnura senegalensis in the Canary regarding the actual distribution of Ischnura species in Islands, Spain (Odonata: the Macaronesian Islands– have been clarified during Coenagrionidae). Notul. the past five years (Peels, 2014; Sánchez-Guillén & Cordero- odon., 8(4): 105-111. Rivera, 2015; Loureiro & Martins, 2016). Therefore, this SÁNCHEZ-GUILLÉN, R.A. paper summarizes all new records and publications & CORDERO-RIVERA, A. (2015) Confirmation of since 2011 and presents the current, most up-to- the presence of Ischnura date information on the zoogeography of Odonata senegalensis (Rambur, in the Macaronesian Islands. The revised checklist is 1842) on the Canary Islands. Animal Biodiversity and included together with discussion outlining possible Conservation, 38: 71-76. future arrivals and research possibilities. In the interests LOUREIRO, N.S. & MARTINS, of brevity, we have not repeated the information S. (2016) The status of (especially the comprehensive list of references) already Ischnura senegalensis in Cape Verde. African given in the review paper by Weihrauch (2011); for Entomology, 24(2): 448-452. older references we ask the reader to refer to that study. 10 Boletín Rola nº 8, segundo semestre 2016
THE AZORES Vieira & Cordero-Rivera (2013) present new data of VIEIRA, V. & CORDERO- RIVERA, A. (2013) New two surveys from Graciosa Island, listing only records data on the Odonata of Anax imperator and Sympetrum fonscolombii. In fauna from Graciosa addition, a small population of Ischnura hastata was Island (Azores). Arquipélago. Life and found in July 2016 as a first record in this island, thus Marine Sciences, 30: confirming its presence in all nine islands of the Azores 79-82. (Vieira & Cordero-Rivera, 2017). VIEIRA, V. & CORDERO- A recent booklet on the Odonata of the archipelagos RVERA, A. (2017) Ischnura hastata - a new of the Azores and Madeira (Vieira & Cordero-Rivera, species for the fauna of 2015a) provides comprehensive information on the four Graciosa Island, Azores. Notulae odonatologicae, well-known breeding species in the Azores. In addition, 8(9): [accepted] Pantala flavescens was recorded on São Miguel Island VIEIRA, V. & CORDERO- (Vieira & Cordero-Rivera, 2015b) as new and the RIVERA, A. (2015a) As northernmost record of this species in Macaronesia. libélulas dos Açores e Madeira. Amigos dos Another study from the Azores, published only recently Açores, Pico da Pedra. (Lamelas-López et al., 2016), represents the first analysis
Ischnura hastata, female, with two terrestrial mites (Leptus sp.) as parasites on the head and abdomen, at Lagoa do Landroal, Pico Island, Azores. (ACR) 11 Boletín Rola nº 8, segundo semestre 2016
VIEIRA, V. & CORDERO- of larval development of Odonata in the archipelago, RIVERA, A. (2015b) by determining at 12 ponds in Terceira Island the instars First record of Pantala flavescens from the Azores. of development and growth ratios of Ischnura hastata, Odonatologica, 44: 1-9. Anax imperator, and Sympetrum fonscolombii.
LAMELAS-LÓPEZ L., The spectacular record of Pantala flavescens underlines FLORENCIO M., BORGES the possibility of other potential immigrant species P.A.V. & CORDERO- RIVERA, A. (2016) Larval occurring in the Azores and in this context Vieira & development and growth Cordero-Rivera (2015a) discuss the following species: ratios of Odonata of the Azores. Limnology Anax ephippiger, this regarded as the first candidate, [online version available, and Anax parthenope as the second possibility. It is DOI:10.1007/s10201-016- 0490-y] even possible that more than one additional Anax will be evidenced in future, as the American congeneric Anax junius is considered likely to reach the Azores in the very near future; indeed it may already have done so. The authors, therefore, suggest that, if possible, A. imperator records from the Azores and Madeira should be screened and the taxonomic status be verified by DNA analysis. Table 1 resumes the current updated checklists of The Azores. All nine islands of the archipelago provide suitable breeding habitats for Odonata.
Species / Islands Pico Faial Flores Corvo Terceira Graciosa São Jorge São Miguel Santa María
Ischnura hastata 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 Ischnura pumilio 3 1 3 - 3 3 3 3 3 Anax imperator 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 Pantala flavescens ------1 Sympetrum fonscolombii 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3
Table 1. The Azores check-list of Odonata. Codes used in the Check-lists (Tables 1-4). 0: Only old records are avaible for the species in the island, the last reported observation being earlier than Jan. 2000. Subsequent codes reflect recent observation(s) of the species, with at least one record in the period between January 2000 and June 2016: 1: One record . 2: 2-9 records . 3: >9 records.
12 Boletín Rola nº 8, segundo semestre 2016
1A 1B
1C 1D
1E 1F
Figura 1. Dragonfly habitats in The Azores.
(Fig. 1A) Faial Caldeira, with a fragmented lake at the center of the caldera, Faial Island. (Fig. 1B) Lagoa do Landroal, Pico Island. (Fig. 1C) Lagoa do Cabeço dos Sardos, Pico Island. (Fig. 1D) Lagoa do Cabeço da Cruz, Pico Island. (Fig. 1E) Faja dos Cubres, São Jorge Island. (Fig. 1F) Shallow wetland, São Jorge Island. (Pictures: ACR)
13 Boletín Rola nº 8, segundo semestre 2016
THE MADEIRA ARCHIPELAGO
GARDNER, A.E. The booklet mentioned above on the Odonata of (1963) Report on the the Azores (Vieira & Cordero-Rivera, 2015a) likewise insects collected by E. W. Classey and A. E. summarises all known information on the six breeding Gardner expedition to species in Madeira. No new records have been Madeira in December 1957. Proceedings published since 2011. However, recent observations of the South London of Anax imperator in Madeira indicate that this species Entomological and Natural History Society appears to be more brightly coloured than individuals 1962, pp.62-85. from the Iberian Peninsula.
FERREIRA, S., GROSSO- In conclusion, the true identity of the series of enigmatic SILVA, J.M., LOHR, Ischnura specimens collected 1957 in Porto Santo M., WEIHRAUCH, F. & JÖDICKE, R. (2006) A (Gardner, 1963; cf. Ferreira et al., 2006) has not yet critical checklist of the been unraveled. Odonata of Portugal. Int. J. Odonatol., 9: 133-150. THE SAVAGE ISLANDS No new records or other information since 2011.
In Table 2 are presented the updated checklists of the Madeira archipelago and the Savage islands. Breeding populations of Odonata are only found in the two major islands of Madeira and Porto Santo, as the other islands and islets do not hold permanent freshwater and are only sporadically visited by migrating individuals.
Species / Islands Madeira Porto Santo Islas Salvajes Islas Desertas
Ischnura pumilio 3 1 - - Anax ephippiger 1 1 - - Anax imperator 1 1 - 0 Anax parthenope 1 1 - - Sympetrum fonscolombii 3 1 0 - Sympetrum nigrifemur 3 - 0 0
Table 2. Madeira check-list of Odonata
14 Boletín Rola nº 8, segundo semestre 2016
2A 2B
2C
2D 2E
Figure 2. Dragonfly habitats in Madeira.
(Fig. 2A) Curral dos Romeiros (Monte). (Fig. 2B) Caldeirão verde. (Fig. 2C-2D) Encumeada. (Fig. 2E) Queimadas. (Fotos Lucas Lamelas-López)
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THE CANARY ISLANDS Two species can now reliably be added to the checklist of the Canary Islands (Weihrauch, 2011). The Canaries, being the closest archipelago to the African continent, are a highly probable destination for migrating Odonata. However, Pantala flavescens has been recorded for the first time only in January 2013 from southern Gran MARTÍNEZ-DARVE SANZ, Canaria (Martínez-Darve Sanz & Cano Villegas, 2014). In P. & CANO VILLEGAS, addition, another individual of Pantala flavescens was J.F. (2014) Primera cita de Pantala flavescens observed on 7 January 2016 in Barranco della Torre, (Fabricius, 1798) Fuerteventura (David F. Walsh, pers. comm.). (Odonata, Libellulidae) para las Islas Canarias y More significantly, the Ischnura puzzle in the Canaries España (Gran Canaria). appears to have been clarified. There is now both Bol.A.e.E., 38: 337-340 morphological and genetic evidence demonstrating that, besides Ischnura saharensis, a second species of
Sympetrum nigrifemur16, male at Madeira. (ACR) Boletín Rola nº 8, segundo semestre 2016
Ischnura is resident in the Canaries, at least on Tenerife and La Palma (Peels, 2014; Sánchez-Guillén & Cordero- Rivera, 2015), namely Ischnura senegalensis. Finally, as an addendum to the list of references in Weihrauch (2011), a then overlooked note on many hundreds of migrating Anax ephippiger in Lanzarote on 17 February 2004 was presented by Grotenhuis (2004). GROTENHUIS, H. (2004) Trek van zadellibellen Table 3 summarises the checklists of each island of the op Lanzarote. NVL- Archipelago of the Canary islands. With the exception Nieuwsbrief, 8(2):17.
of the small Chinijo archipelago, where permanent PETERS, G. (1988) freshwater is absent, all main islands harbour Libellen (Odonata) populations of dragonflies. With no published records von den Kanarischen Inseln. Entomologische since 1986 (Peters 1988), El Hierro is however extremely Nachrichten und lacking recent monitoring. Berichte, 32: 39-40.
Provinces Santa Cruz de Tenerife Las Palmas
Species / Islands Chinijo Tenerife El Hierro La Palma Lanzarote La Gomera Gran Canaría Fuerteventura Ischnura saharensis 2 2 3 - 3 0 3 - Ischnura senegalensis 2 1 ------Platycnemis subdilatata 0 ------Anax ephippiger - 2 2 - 3 3 3 2 Anax imperator 3 3 3 0 3 1 3 - Anax parthenope - 1 2 - 3 - 2 - Crocothemis erythraea 3 3 3 - 3 3 3 - Orthetrum chrysostigma 3 2 3 0 3 2 3 - Orthetrum trinacria ------3 - Pantala flavescens - - - - 1 - 1 - Sympetrum fonscolombii 3 3 3 - 3 3 3 2 Sympetrum nigrifemur 3 2 3 - 3 1 3 - Trithemis annulata ------3 - Trithemis arteriosa 3 3 3 0 3 3 - - Zygonyx torridus 2 2 3 - 3 - - -
Table 3. The Canary check-list of Odonata 17 Boletín Rola nº 8, segundo semestre 2016
3A 3B
3C 3D
3E 3F
Figure 3: Dragonfly habitats in The Canaries.
(Fig. 3A) Charcas de Erjo, Tenerife Island. (Fig. 3B) Pool in Tejina, Tenerife Island. (Fig. 3C) Botanical Gardens in Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife Island. (Fig. 3D) Stream in Barranco de Monteforte south of Hermigua, La Gomera Island. (Fig. 3E) Pond at Visvique, Gran Canaria Island. (Fig. 3F) Stream in Barranco de Guayadeque, Gran Canaria Island. (Pictures 3A-B: ACR; 3C: Brian Eversham; 3D: Christian Haßel; 3E-F: Valentina Assuma).
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THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS
Recent additions to the checklist of this, the most MARTENS, A., southerly of the archipelagos, are based on the study of LOUREIRO, N.S. & HAZEVOET, C.J. (2013) three historical collections and on several field surveys Dragonflies (Insecta, in the islands of Boa Vista and Santiago. Odonata) collected in the Cape Verde Islands, The examination of collections at the Centro de Zoologia 1960-1989, including do Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, Lisbon, records of two taxa new to the archipelago. Portugal, at the Instituto Nacional de Investigação e Zoologia caboverdiana, Desenvolvimento Agrário, São Jorge dos Orgãos, Cape 4: 1-7. Verde (Martens et al., 2013), and at the Zoologisches LOUREIRO, N.S. (2013) Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany Dragonflies and (Loureiro 2013), has added three species to the checklist damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) collected for Cape Verde: Agriocnemis exilis, Anax rutherfordi, during the Lindberg and Anax tristis. These are represented by single male expedition to the Cape Verde Islands, 1953-54. specimens and classified as migrants or accidental Zoologia caboverdiana, visitors. These findings increase the number of odonate 4: 43-48. species currently known from the Cape Verde Islands to MARTIN, R. (1908) 17, four zygopterans and 13 anisopterans. One record of Voyage de feu Leonardo Trithemis arteriosa from 1898, published by Martin (1908), Fea dans l'Afrique Occidentale. Odonates. is pending confirmation ever since (Weihrauch, 2011). Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Reports of fields surveys conducted in Boa Vista in Genova, (Ser. 3) 3: December 2010 (Bußmann, 2012) and Santiago during 649-667.
Ischnura senegalensis, female, on São Vicente at Cape Verde. (NSL) 19 Boletín Rola nº 8, segundo semestre 2016
BUßMANN, M. (2012) Libellen August-September 2012 (Loureiro et al., 2013) have auf Boa Vista, Kapverdische Inseln (Odonata). Libellula, yielded new data from known species and provided 31: 61-75. information regarding the finding of exuviae of different species on both islands. A comprehensive report on the LOUREIRO, N.S., BROCHARD, C., CORREIA, A. & VAN DER successful reproduction of Ischnura senegalensis on PLOEG, E. (2013) Orthetrum Santiago island was published only recently (Loureiro trinacria exuviae from Santiago Island, Cape Verde: & Martins, 2016), where, in addition, records of Anax morphology, sexual size tristis (two adults) and of Zygonyx torridus (adults and dimorphism and diagnostic features. Bol. SEA, 52: 281- exuviae) from the same island are noted. 284. Populations of dragonflies exist on all islands except
Table 4. The Cape Verde Santa Luzia, a tiny and abandoned island suffering from check-list of Odonata desertification (Table 4).
Groups of islands Ilhas de Barlavento Ilhas de Sotavento
Species / Islands Sal Maio Fogo Brava Santiago Boa Vista Santa Luzia São Vicente São Nicolau Santo Antão Lestes pallidus - 1 - - 2 1 - - - - Agriocnemis exilis - - - - - 0 - - - - Ischnura senegalensis - 1 - - - 0 - - 3 - Pseudagrion glaucescens - ? ------Anax ephippiger 0 - - - - 2 - - - 3 Anax imperator 3 2 - 0 - 2 - 0 0 0 Anax rutherfordi 0 ------Anax tristis 0 ------1 - Brachythemis cf. leucosticta - ? ------Crocothemis erythraea 3 3 - 2 2 2 3 2 3 0 Orthetrum trinacria 3 3 - 1 - 2 2 - 3 0 Pantala flavescens 1 1 - 0 - 2 1 2 2 0 Sympetrum fonscolombii 0 2 - 1 2 2 - - 2 - Tramea limbata - - - - - 2 - - - - Trithemis annulata 3 1 - 1 - 2 3 0 3 0 Trithemis arteriosa ------Zygonyx torridus 3 - - 0 - - 0 0 3 -
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4A 4B
4C 4D
Figure 4. Dragonfly habitats in Cape Verde.
(Fig. 4A) Temporary pool in a Ribeira southwest of Ervatão, Boa Vista . (Fig. 4B) Shallow runnel section in the Ribeira do Norte, Boa Vista. (Fig. 4C) Rock pools in the Ribeira d'Olinho do Mar, Boa Vista. (Fig. 4D) Pond in the Ribeira do Rabil, Boa Vista. (Pictures by Michael Bußmann; 4B-4D modified after Bußmann, 2012). 21 Boletín Rola nº 8, segundo semestre 2016
Zygonyx torridus on São ACKNOWLEDGMENT Vicente, Cape Verde. (NSL) This paper is the sequel of a poster presented at the first Symposium on Iberian Odonates (SIO-2015), held in Córdoba in May 2015. We thank Mike Averill, Oliver Brauner, Floris Brekelmans, Christel & Rolf Busse, Hugh Griffits, Christian Haßel, Otakar Holuša, Eva & Wulf Kappes, Ernst Klimsa, Herwig Leinsinger, Jussi Mäkinen, Bruce Maxfield, John Muddeman, Ulrich Röder, Asmus Schröter, J.T Smit, David Walsh [and anyone else who was mistakenly forgotten on this list] for sharing with us unpublished dragonfly records from the Macaronesian Islands; Dora Abuín Pombo for her great help with the specimens in the collection of Madeira University; Andreas Martens and Fons Peels for their assistance to find photographs; and Lucas Lamelas-López, Brian Eversham, Christian Haßel, Michael Bußmann, and Valentina Assuma for kindly providing us with their wonderful pictures.
Update on the zoogeography of Odonata in the Macaronesian Islands Florian Weihrauch, Virgílio Vieira, Adolfo Cordero-Rivera & Nuno de Santos Loureiro Keywords: Macaronesia, Odonata, Biodiversity.
Actualización de la zoogeografía de odonatos en los archipiélagos macaronésicos Florian Weihrauch, Virgílio Vieira, Adolfo Cordero-Rivera & Nuno de Santos Loureiro Palabras Claves: Macaronesia, Odonata, Biodiversidad.
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