DOCSLIB.ORG

The Historical Archaeology of the St Bathans Cottage Hospital

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Historical Archaeology of the St Bathans Cottage Hospital MEDICATING MINERS: THE HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE ST BATHANS COTTAGE HOSPITAL by Jessie Garland A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Arts at the University of Otago 2012 Abstract The following research examines the nature of health care provision in Central Otago during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century through an archaeological and historical investigation of the St Bathans cottage hospital. Material excavated from a cesspit on the hospital site has provided the basis for a detailed investigation of the practice and provision of medical care in the settlement and surrounding district from the early 1890s until the 1920s. The information derived from analysis of the archaeological assemblage has been combined with documentary sources to provide a comprehensive illustration of medical and domestic life at the cottage hospital, with an emphasis on the relationship between the dual function of the building as a domestic residence and medical institution. This has, in turn, been used to explore the way in which the cottage hospital interacted with its wider social and geographical context on a local, national and international scale, including how that context influenced and was adapted to the day to day operation of a small health care institution in rural New Zealand. ii Acknowledgements There are a number of people to whom I owe thanks for their support and assistance during the course of this thesis. First and foremost, my thanks go to my supervisor, Ian Smith, for offering me the opportunity to pursue this in the first place and providing unfailing support and encouragement over the course of its completion. I am incredibly grateful. Numerous students and staff within the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Otago also deserve thanks for their assistance, particularly over the last few months. Special mention must be made of Angela Middleton, for her part in the excavation of the St Bathans material and her help during the process of artefact analysis; Les O’Neil, whose explanation of Photoshop was invaluable towards the end; Justin Maxwell, for his assistance in photographing the artefact assemblage and keeping me sane and Peter Petchey, whose encyclopaedic knowledge of historical archaeology in Otago and willingness to discuss ideas helped bring this thesis together. I am also grateful to my fellow post-graduate students in the department, whose shared experiences and understanding of thesis writing and research made the difficult parts of this work easier to bear. Lastly, my thanks go to my friends and family, who have not only put up with my constant distraction and suffered through countless conversations about my thesis, but have been unconditionally supportive. In particular, I have to thank my mother, Margaret Garland, who read and critiqued everything I threw at her and was always willing to discuss my ideas with me, even when I didn’t know what they were. iii Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................. iv List of Figures .................................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ...................................................................................................................................... ix Chapter One: Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter Two: Medical Context ............................................................................................................. 6 Medical Advances of the Nineteenth Century ................................................................................. 6 Alternative Medicine and the Victorian Ideal of Self-Care ........................................................... 11 Medical Care and the Public Health System in New Zealand ....................................................... 14 Chapter Three: Historical Evidence for Health Care in St Bathans .................................................. 19 St Bathans ......................................................................................................................................... 19 Health Concerns ............................................................................................................................... 24 Health Care before the Hospital ...................................................................................................... 28 The Cottage Hospital........................................................................................................................ 38 Chapter Four: Excavation and Analytical Methods ........................................................................... 51 Cottage Hospital Excavation ............................................................................................................ 51 Methods of Artefact Analysis .......................................................................................................... 58 Chapter Five: Results of Artefact Analysis ......................................................................................... 67 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 67 Glass .................................................................................................................................................. 69 Metal ................................................................................................................................................. 93 Ceramic ........................................................................................................................................... 101 Other Artefacts ............................................................................................................................... 109 Faunal ............................................................................................................................................. 115 Chapter Six: Functional Analysis of Artefacts .................................................................................. 117 Healthcare ...................................................................................................................................... 117 Other ............................................................................................................................................... 125 Dating the Assemblage................................................................................................................... 135 Chapter Seven: Discussion ................................................................................................................. 137 Deposition of the Assemblage ....................................................................................................... 137 iv Life and Medicine at the Cottage Hospital ................................................................................... 138 The Cottage Hospital and the Community ................................................................................... 144 The Wider Context ........................................................................................................................ 145 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 149 References........................................................................................................................................... 151 Appendix 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 159 Appendix 2 ......................................................................................................................................... 169 v List of Figures Figure 1: The original building of the Cranleigh Village (Cottage) Hospital, taken from McConaghey (1967). ............................................................................................................................ 11 Figure 2: Map of the Maniototo district, including the settlements at Ophir, Omakau, Becks, Gimmerburn, Blackstone Hill, Waipiata, Naseby, Cambrians and St Bathans. ................................ 20 Figure 3: The settlement at St Bathans c. 1870 (Burton Brothers, Photographers) Te Papa Tongarewa C.014328 ............................................................................................................................ 21 Figure 4: A hydraulic elevator in use at St Bathans in the late 1890s (Vulcan Hotel Collection) ... 22 Figure 5: St Bathans in 1877 (William P. Hart, Photographer) Te Papa Tongarewa C.014903 ....... 23 Figure 6: The main street of St Bathans c. 1870. (Burton Brothers, Photographers) Te Papa Tongarewa C.014331) .......................................................................................................................... 24 Figure 7: Members cards for the St Bathans Medical
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Outdoor Recreation Strategy 1 2012 - 2022 Central Otago Outdoor Recreation Sstrategytrategy 2012012222 --- 2022022222
    = `Éåíê~ä=lí~Öç= =lìíÇççê=oÉÅêÉ~íáçå= píê~íÉÖó= = OMNO=J=OMOO= February 2012 This is a community owned strategy developed by the Outdoor Recreation Working Party in consultation with the Central Otago Community Central Otago Outdoor Recreation Strategy 1 2012 - 2022 Central Otago Outdoor Recreation SStrategytrategy 2012012222 --- 2022022222 PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 IMPLEMENTATION 8 INTRODUCTION 15 Goals 15 Why have an Outdoor Recreation Strategy? 15 What Comprises Recreation? 16 What Makes a Good Experience 16 Purpose 16 Management Approaches 16 Planning 17 Importance of Outdoor Recreation 17 Central Otago – Geographically Defined 17 Barriers to Participation in Outdoor Recreation 18 Changing Perceptions of Outdoor Recreation 19 Fragmentation of Leisure Time 19 Conflict of Use 19 Changing Perceptions of Risk 19 Developing Outdoor Skills 20 Outdoor Recreation, Individuals and Communities 20 Environmental Considerations 21 Economic Considerations 21 Key Characteristics of Central Otago 21 Other Strategies 21 Regional Identity (A World of Difference) 22 Other Agencies and Groups Involved 22 Assumptions and Uncertainties 22 OVERARCHING ISSUES Human Waste Disposal 23 Rubbish 23 Dogs 23 Signs, Route Guides and Waymarking (Geographic Information) 24 Access 24 Research 25 Landowners 25 Competing Use 26 Communications 27 SPECIFIC RECREATION ACTIVITIES Notes on Tracks, Trails and Recreational Areas 28 Air Activities 29 Mountain Biking 31 Road Cycling 38 Climbing 40 Four Wheel Driving 43 Gold Panning 47 Hunting – Small Game and Big Game 49 Central
    [Show full text]
  • Maniototo Community Leases
    Agenda Paper Maniototo Community Board Thursday, 6 August 2020 Commencing at 2.00pm Meeting Room, Ranfurly Service Centre, 15 Pery Street, Ranfurly www.codc.govt.nz A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE CENTRAL OTAGO DISTRICT COUNCIL MANIOTOTO COMMUNITY BOARD NOTICE is hereby given that a meeting of the Maniototo Community Board will be held in the Meeting Room, Ranfurly Service Centre, 15 Pery Street, Ranfurly on Thursday, 6 August 2020, commencing at 2.00pm. MEMBERS: R Hazlett (Chair), M Harris (Deputy), S Duncan, D Helm and S Umbers APOLOGIES: IN ATTENDANCE: S Jacobs (Chief Executive Officer), L Macdonald (Executive Manager – Corporate Services), J Muir (Executive Manager - Infrastructure Services), L van der Voort (Executive Manager – Planning and Environment), S Righarts (Chief Advisor), M Adamson (Policy Advisor), J Remnant (Property and Facilities Officer – Maniototo), R Williams (Governance Manager) and W McEnteer (Governance Support Officer) AGENDA 20.4.1 Condolences 7 20.4.2 Confirmation of Minutes 8-15 RECOMMENDED that the minutes of the meeting of the Maniototo Community Board held on 25 June 2020 be received and confirmed as a true and correct record. 20.4.3 Declaration of Interest 16 Members are reminded of the need to be vigilant to stand aside from decision making when a conflict arises between their role as a member and any private or other external interest they might have. 20.4.4 Community Leasing and Licencing Policy (Doc ID 450822) 17-28 Attached is a report from the Policy Advisor to seek feedback from the Board on the draft Community Leasing and Licencing Policy. RECOMMENDED that the report is received and its resolutions adopted.
    [Show full text]
  • Naseby, Ranfurly, Maniototo Community Response Plan
    NASEBY // RANFURLY // MANIOTOTO PLAIN Community Response Plan contents... Naseby / Ranfurly / Debri Flow (Mudflow) Map 21 Maniototo Plain Area Map 3 Naseby 21 Inundation Map 22 Key Hazards 4 West Eweburn Dam 22 Earthquake 4 Loganburn Dam 23 Major Storms / Snowstorms 4 Creekside Dam 24 Wildfire 5 Naseby / Kyeburn 25 Road Transport Crashes 5 Waipiata 26 Flooding 5 Patearoa 27 Household Plan Activation Process 28 Emergency Plan 6 Roles and responsibilities 28 Civil Defence Centres 29 Emergency Survival Kit 7 Evacuation Routes 30 Getaway Kit 7 Naseby 30 Stay in touch 7 Ranfurly 31 Kyeburn 32 Waipiata 33 Earthquake 8 Patearoa 34 Before and during an earthquake 8 Gimmerburn 35 After an earthquake 9 Paerau 36 Post disaster building management 9 Earthquake fault map 10 Tactical Sites Map 37 Naseby 37 Major Storms / Ranfurly 38 Snowstorms 11 Maniototo Plain 39/40 Before and when a warning is issued 11 After a storm, snowstorms 12 Vulnerable Sites Map 41 Elderly Persons Housing, Health & Medical 41 Ranfurly Childcare 42 Wildfires 13 Before and during 13 After a fire 14 Civil Defence Centres Map 43 Fire seasons 14 Naseby 43/44 Evacuation directions and 15/16 Ranfurly 45 assembly points Maniototo Plain 46 Visitor, Tourist and Road Transport Crashes 17 Foreign National Welfare 47 Before, during and after 17 Naseby 47 Truck crash zones maps 18 Ranfurly 48 Flooding 19 Emergency Contacts 50 Before and during 19 After a flood 20 For further information 52 2 get ready... NASEBY / RANFURLY / MANIOTOTO PLAIN Area Map KYEBURN DIGGINGS 85 NASEBY WEDDERBURN RANFURLY KYEBURN WAIPIATA GIMMERBURN KOKONGA ORANGAPAI 85 PUKETOI PATEAROA 87 PAERAU 3 get ready..
    [Show full text]
  • NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE Published by Authority
    No. 11 267 THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE Published by Authority WELLINGTON: THURSDAY, 24 FEBRUARY 1966 CORRIGENDUM the land described in the Schedule hereto shall, upon the publication hereof in the Gazette, become road, and that :the said road shall be under the control of the Oroua County IN the Order in Council dated the 15th day of December Council and shall be maintained by the said Council in like 1965, and published in Gazette No. 3, 27 January 1966, page manner as other public highways are controlled and main­ 79, consenting to the raising of loans by certain local authori­ tained by the said Council. ties, in the amount of the loan to be raised by the Mount Roskill Borough Council, for the figure "£35,000" read "£35,500", which last-mentioned figure appears in the Order in Council signed by His Excellency the Governor-General in SCHEDULE Council. WELLINGTON LAND DISTRICT Dated at Wellington this 18th day of February 1966. APPROXIMATE area of the piece of land: N. V. LOUGH, Assistant Secretary to the Treasury. A. R. P. Being 0 2 39·7 Portion of railway land in Proclamation No. 31526. Situated in Block V, Oroua Survey District, Oroua County (S.O. 26317). Allocating Land Taken for a Railway to the Purposes of As the same is more particularly delineated on the plan Street at Huntly marked L.O. 20552 deposited in the office of the Minister of Railways at Wellington, and thereon coloured blue. BERNARD FERGUSSON, Governor-General Given under the hand of His Excellency rthe Governor­ General, and issued under the Seal of New Zealand, this A PROCLAMATION 18th day of February 1966.
    [Show full text]
  • Patearoa and Upper Taieri Community Plan
    Patearoa and Upper Taieri Community Plan April 2007 1 Patearoa Community Plan Executive Summary Process This Community Plan has emerged from a consultative process designed to encourage community participation. Emphasis has been placed on obtaining community views regarding the Patearoa area, identifying its points of difference and determining what opportunities there might be to ensure that it remains an attractive and desirable place in which to live, work and play. This Plan has distilled the individual opinions into a collective community vision and proposes a number of key recommendations that will assist in the development of Patearoa as a sustainable community. While the Plan has no legal status, it does provide an important insight on the direction the community would like to head for many of the organisations involved or identified in it. To this end having a community group to oversee the aims of this Plan, on behalf of the community, will be important and help to drive many of its recommendations. The Plan also notes that there is a community plan for the Maniototo and a plan for Naseby which need to be considered in conjunction with this Plan when looking at the Maniototo as a whole. In defining the Patearoa and Upper Taieri community, the Plan also acknowledges that there is a wider community including both private individuals and national organisations which for historical, ancestral and heritage reasons consider themselves to hold an interest in the future of this area. This plan provides a framework from which further activities and actions can be developed and this may see a possible broadening of the scope of the plan in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • 361˚ World Men's Curling Championship 2018 74,829 0 25,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 125,000 150,000 175,000 200,000
    GSI Event Study 361˚ World Men’s Curling Championship 2018 Las Vegas, USA 31 March – 8 April 2018 GSI EVENT STUDY / 361˚ WORLD MEN’S CURLING CHAMPIONSHIP 2018 GSI Event Study 361˚ World Men’s Curling Championship 2018 Las Vegas, USA This Event Study is subject to copyright agreements. No part of this Event Study may be reproduced distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means or PUBLISHED NOVEMBER 2018 stored in any retrieval system of any nature without prior written permission. Application for permission for use of copyright material shall be made to BY SPORTCAL GLOBAL Sportcal Global Communications Ltd (“Sportcal”). COMMUNICATIONS LTD Sportcal has prepared this Event Study using reasonable skill, care and diligence for the sole and confidential use of the World Curling Federation (“WCF”) and the Reno Tahoe Winter Games Coalition (“LOC”) for the purposes set out in the Authors Event Study. Sportcal does not assume or accept or owe any responsibility or Andrew Horsewood, Colin Stewart duty of care to any other person. Any use that a third party makes of this Event Study or reliance thereon or any decision made based on it, is the responsibility of such third party. Research and editorial support The Event Study reflects Sportcal’s best judgement in the light of the information Ezechiel Abatan, Edward Frain, Krzysztof available at the time of its preparation. Sportcal has relied upon the Kropielnicki, Beth McGuire, Tim Rollason completeness, accuracy and fair presentation of all the information, data, advice, opinion or representations (the “Information”) obtained from public sources and from the WCF, LOC and various third-party providers.
    [Show full text]
  • Otago Region Waters of the Maniototo
    Waters of the Maniototo Otago Region Waters of the Maniototo ON THE MANIOTOTO there are several irrigation dams that have been built to collect water during the winter period for release over the summer. These dams never run dry and have turned into good fisheries. Most of these waters are on private land but permission has been granted by the landowners to fish. Therefore it is up to us, as anglers, to respect the wishes of the landowners as sometimes they have areas closed for lambing, stock or paddock work. Please take your rubbish away with you and on no account dig for worms on their property. Also leave your dog at home or chain it to your vehicle. WEST EWEBURN DAM: This water is set in the hills behind the Naseby forest and has its own stock of brown trout which don't grow to a very large size. All methods are used and the season runs from 1 October to 30 April, with a bag limit of six fish. Access: Off State Highway 85 on the Wedderburn- Naseby plantation road, then turn left into Reservoir road that takes you to the dam wall. COALPIT DAM: Built during the mining era to store water for gold recovery, it is situated in the Naseby forest and has been consistently stocked by Fish and Game over the years. It often gets an influx of trout from draining the water race in April. It is home to both rainbow and brown trout, and do not be surprised to catch a brook char as they are picked up by the Mt Ida race.
    [Show full text]
  • YC FEB 2013 Issue.Indd
    ISSUE13 Features Events Clubs&Rinks February 2013 Your Curler The Royal Caledonian Curling Club Member Ezine Muirhead and Brewster 2013 Scottish Champions Eve Muirhead and her Perth-based team of lead Claire Hamilton, second Vicki Adams and third Anna Sloan retained their national crown when they beat Lockerbie’s Hannah Fleming by 8-4 in Sunday (17th February) morning’s final of The Co-operative Funeralcare Scottish Championships in Perth. This was a fourth national title for Muirhead, and she won it in imperious style, helped by good form from the rest of her team. The first half of the game was close, and it was Fleming who took the first advantage, Scottish champions again L-R Claire Hamilton, Vicki Adams, Anna Sloan, Eve Muirhead. scoring two in the fifth with a nose-hit for a half-time 4-2 lead. However, the second half was all Muirhead. In the sixth, Fleming rolled out on a difficult double attempt, leaving Muirhead to draw for three. After this Muirhead had single steals in each of the next three ends. In the seventh, Fleming had a complete miss on a take-out, in the eighth she hit but didn’t stay and, in the ninth, she over-threw her last draw. Muirhead ran Fleming out of stones in the tenth with a bold double take-out, and now goes on to lead her team in the blue of Scotland at the World Women’s Championship, in Riga, Latvia next month. Fleming now goes on to defend her World Junior crown at the World Junior Championships in Sochi, Russia, which get underway at the end of this month.
    [Show full text]
  • Fifty Years of the World Curling Federation 3 a Celebration
    1966-2016 FIFTY YEARS OF THE WORLD CURLING FEDERATION 3 A CELEBRATION 1966-2016 1966-2016 1966-2016 1 2 FIFTY YEARS OF THE WORLD CURLING FEDERATION 3 A CELEBRATION FIFTY YEARS OF THE WORLD CURLING FEDERATION 3 A CELEBRATION © Michael Burns Photography Ltd Burns Photography © Michael FIFTY YEARS OF THE WORLD CURLING FEDERATION 3 A CELEBRATION 3 IMPRINT Created and Compiled by: All rights reserved. No part of this book may be Front cover: The 1978 Silver Broom closing ceremony, Winnipeg Designer: Douglas Colquhoun reproduced or transmitted in any form without the prior Doug Maxwell Archive Photographer: Richard Gray written consent of the World Curling Federation. Back cover: “Thanks for the memories” Writer: Mike Haggerty Doug Maxwell Archive Managing Editor: Cameron MacAllister A catalogue record for this book is available from the With special thanks to: Bob Cowan, Warren British Library. Hansen, Chuck Hay MBE, the late Doug Maxwell, Håkan Sundström and Mike Thomson ISBN 978 1 5272 0330 3 The full list of contributors appears on page 88 Published by The World Curling Federation Printed in the UK by MLG © 2016. v01021116-600 Bound copies by Cameron Bookbinders 4 FIFTY YEARS OF THE WORLD CURLING FEDERATION 3 A CELEBRATION Contents Foreword 6 Introduction 8 1. From the beginning 10 2. Governance developments 16 3. Championship history 22 4. Rise of women 36 5. Technical developments 44 6. What makes international curling special? 52 7. Characters in the game 62 8. The Olympic and Paralympic journey 72 9. A look to the future 82 10. Acknowledgments 88 FIFTY YEARS OF THE WORLD CURLING FEDERATION 3 A CELEBRATION 5 FOREWORD © Michael Burns Photography Ltd Burns Photography © Michael 6 FIFTY YEARS OF THE WORLD CURLING FEDERATION 3 A CELEBRATION FOREWORD A word from WCF President, Kate Caithness OBE I am delighted that this book - ‘Fifty Years of the World Curling Federation - A Celebration’ - has come to fruition in this very special year for the curling family.
    [Show full text]
  • Agenda of Maniototo Community Board Meeting
    AGENDA Maniototo Community Board Meeting Thursday, 20 May 2021 Date: Thursday, 20 May 2021 Time: 2.00 pm Location: Ranfurly Service Centre, 15 Pery Street, Ranfurly (Unless Central Government changes COVID-19 meeting restrictions before then, in which case it will be held electronically using Microsoft Teams and livestreamed) Sanchia Jacobs Chief Executive Officer Maniototo Community Board Agenda 20 May 2021 Notice is hereby given that a meeting of the Maniototo Community Board will be held in Ranfurly Service Centre, 15 Pery Street, Ranfurly on Thursday, 20 May 2021 at 2.00 pm Order Of Business 1 Apologies ............................................................................................................................. 5 2 Condolences ........................................................................................................................ 5 3 Confirmation of Minutes ...................................................................................................... 5 Maniototo Community Board meeting Meeting - 15 April 2021 ............................................... 7 4 Declaration of Interest ....................................................................................................... 12 21.4.1 Declarations of Interest Register ........................................................................ 12 5 Reports for Decisions ........................................................................................................ 14 21.4.2 Hearing Submitters that wish to be Heard .........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Omakau Community Plan
    OMAKAU COMMUNITY PLAN December 2014 1 Contents Background ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Community Plan Process ........................................................................................................................ 4 Map of Omakau ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Vision ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 We value …. ......................................................................................................................................... 6 Our Community Action Plan ................................................................................................................... 7 Community Profile ................................................................................................................................ 11 Location and composition ................................................................................................................. 11 History ............................................................................................................................................... 11 Development of the Settlement ................................................................................................... 11 Recreational Pursuits ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The New Zealand Gazette 5!H
    FEB. 17] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE 5!H Rotokohu, Social Hall. Oturehua, Hall. Sandy Bay, Mr. P. E. Clark's Tobacco-shed. Outram, Courthouse. Seddonville, Public School. Paerau, School. Sergeant's Hill, Public School. Parkhill, l\fr. A. E. D. McKay's Residence. Shenandoah, P.W.D. Camp, School Building. Patearoa, School. Sherry River, Public Hall. Poolburn, School. Six-mile (Murchison), Public School. Pukepouri, Room at Sanatorium. Springs Junction, old Rahu School Building. Pukerangi, old School. Stanley Brook, old School Building. Queensberry, School. Station Creek, Maruia Public School. Rae's Junction, Tamblyn's Packing Shed. Stockton (Stockton Mine), Public School. Ranfurly, School. Tadmor, Public Hall. Roxburgh, Courthouse. Takaka, Courthouse. Roxburgh Hydro, Hall. Takaka, District High School. St. Bathan's, Hall. Tapawera, Public School. Shannon (Middlemarch), School. Tarakohe, Social Hall. Sutton, School. Totara Flat, Public School. Taieri Beach, School. Tui, Mr. P. Nisbett's House. Taieri Mouth, Hall. Tutaki, Public School. Tarras, School. Umukuri, Brooklyn School. Tuapeka Flat, old School. Upper Moutere, Public School. Tuapeka Mouth, Hall. Upper Takaka, Public School. Tuapeka West, School. Uruwhenua, Public Hall. Waihola, School. Waimangaroa, Public School. Waipiata, School. Waimarie, Johnston's Hall. Waipori, E. Cotton's Cottage. Waiuta, Miners' Union Hall. Waipori Falls, Hall. Warwick Junction, Telephone Office Building. Waitahuna, School. Westport, Courthouse (principal). Waitahuna Gully, ]\fr. R. J. Pennell's Rell'idence. Westport, Pakington Street, Orange Lodge Hall. Wanaka, School. Westport, Mill and Queen Streets Corner, Mr. E. E. R~ynolds's Wedderburn, School. Garage. Whare Flat, School. Westport North, Public School. Wilden, School. Whakarewa, Hau Public School. Wingatui, Racecourse Building Woodstock, Public Hall.
    [Show full text]