RESEARCH ARTICLE Exploration of Medicinal Plants of Forest Division (Territorial), , with Special Reference to Ayurveda Sanjeev K Lale1, Ravi Chandra2, Chinmay Rath3, Anupam Mangal4, Soma N Murthy5

Abstract​ Aims and objectives: The present study deals with the important medicinal plants described in Ayurveda from Hoshangabad forest divisions of Madhya Pradesh. In July 2018, Hoshangabad forest division was explored. The study was conducted to prepare records of medicinal plants that deal with Ayurveda system with additional information such as the locality, botanical name, Sanskrit name, local name, and the GPS location in the study areas. Materials and methods: The medicinal plants described in Ayurveda with its GPS location and potential in the field has been recorded. Results: The important medicinal plants that are used in the Ayurvedic system like Adiantum lunulatum Burm. f., Anogessus latifolia (Roxb. Ex DC.) Wall. Ex Guillem. and Perr., Asparagus racemosus Willd., Boerhavia diffusa L., Dioscorea bulbifera L., Enicostema axillare subsp. Littorale (Blume) A. Raynal, Gardenia latifolia Aiton, etc. Conclusion: Hoshangabad forest division of Madhya Pradesh is very rich in medicinal plants. Some important species of medicinal plants described in Ayurveda text grow in abundance, such as Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa, Crinum latifolium L., Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L., Strychnos potatorum L.f., Ventilago denticulata Willd., whereas plants of Aristolochia indica L., Argyreia sericea Dalzell, Holostemma ada-kodien Schult., Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob., Nervilia concolor (Blume) Schltr., Uraria picta (Jacq.) DC., etc., are rare in the habitat. Keywords: Ayurveda, Hoshangabad forest division, Madhya Pradesh, Medicinal plant, Territorial exploration. Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (2019): 10.5005/jdras-10059-0085

Introduction​ 1,2,5Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, The is situated in central India of Madhya 3,4Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences HQ, New Delhi, Pradesh state on the south bank of the . It has an India average elevation of 278 m (912 feet).1 The district lies between the Corresponding Author: Sanjeev K Lale, Regional Ayurveda Research parallels of latitude 22°15′ and 22°44′ north and between meridians Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India, Phone: +91 9532930669, e-mail: of longitudes 77°15′ and 77°55′ east. This district is divided into [email protected] two natural regions, namely, hills and valley. The southern part has How to cite this article: Lale SK, Chandra R, Rath C, et al. Exploration of rising up to 1200 m in the continuous chain of forest Medicinal Plants of Hoshangabad Forest Division (Territorial), Madhya clad hills of sandstone.2 The forests are bounded by Raisen and Pradesh, with Special Reference to Ayurveda. J Drug Res Ayurvedic Sci Sehore in North, Harda in West, Narsinghpur in East, and Betul and 2019;4(4):175–184. Chindwada in South district boundaries. In Hoshangabad district, Source of support: Central Council for Research in Ayrvedic Sciences, the forest area is divided in to Hoshangabad division (territorial), New Delhi, India one (646 km2), and one Satpura National Conflict of interest: None Park (524 km2).3 Many scientists and botanists worked on plant 4–20 exploration in Hoshangabad forest and Madhya Pradesh. The has not been recorded previously by any other scientists. Current 21 State Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur (1996), have worked study represented the exploration of medicinal plants in the study extensively in various forest divisions of Madhya Pradesh, but areas (Table 1). The article presents the valuable medicinal plants only very little work was done in Hoshangabad district by this described in the Ayurveda system of medicine explored from the organization and only a few samples were collected. Details of areas mentioned above. medicinal plant survey with special reference to Ayurveda with and its GPS locations have not been reported till date, so that the exploration of medicinal plants of this forest division necessitated Materials and Methods​ removing the above shortcomings. Six forest ranges and beat falling under Hoshangabad forest The Hoshangabad forest division is highly distributed with divisions of Madhya Pradesh were extensively explored. Records medicinal plants. From July 9 to July 23, 2018, the Hoshangabad of the collections have been observed using the GPS at different forest division (territorial) Madhya Pradesh, was explored for forest ranges such as Banapura (25 beats), Seoni- (25 beats), its medicinal plants. Authors made an extensive exploration of (25 beats), Sukhtawa (21 beats), Sohagpur (22 beats), and this division for the first time, with a recording on geographical Bankhedi (14 beats), with their distribution recorded at different distribution of medicinal plants described in Ayurveda,22–30 which spots, except the Hoshangabad ranges due to the absence of

© The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and non-commercial reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Exploration of Medicinal Plants of Hoshangabad Forest Division (Territorial), Madhya Pradesh, with Special Reference to Ayurveda

Table 1: Medicinal plants of Hoshangabad forest division (territorial) Name of the plants S. no Locality Habit Botanical name Sanskrit name Vernacular name GPS status Accession no. 1 Range-Bankhedi, Climber Abrus precatorius L. Gunja Ratti N22°44.332′, 26,995 Beat-Zhiriya E078°39.058′, 2 Range-Sukhtava, Tree Acacia leucophloea Irimed bhed Reunja N22°30.401′, 27,970 Beat-Kaveli (Roxb.) Willd. E077°49.341′ 3 Range-Suhagpur, Herb Achyranthes aspera L. Apamarg Addhazhada N22°35.714′, 27,826 Beat-East E078°59.237′ Mehandwadi 4 Range-Sivni Malva, Herb Adiantum lunulatum Hanspadi Hanspaadi N22°21.750′, 27,819 Beat-Budhi mai Burm.f. E077°31.409′ 5 Range-Itarsi, Tree Aegle marmelos (L.) Bilva Bel N22°32′.068′, 26,493 Beat-Pandhari Corrêa E077°51.234′ 6 Range -Suhagpur, Tree Alangium salviifolium Ankol Ankola N22°35.714′, 2,7937 Beat-East (L.f.) Wangerin E078°59.237′ Mehandwadi 7 Range-Itarsi, Herb Andrographis Kalmegh Kadva Chiraita N22°30.256′, 25,632 Beat - Khatama paniculata (Burm.f.) E077°43.446′ Nees 8 Range-Suhagpur, Tree Annona squamosa L. Gandgatra Sitaphal N22°36.735′, 27,283 Beat-East E078°59.283′ Mehandwadi 9 Range-Itarsi, Tree Anogessus latifolia Dhav Dhavda N22°32′.045′, 28,017 Beat-Pandhari (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall.ex E077°51.127′ Guillem. and Perr. 10 Range-Itarsi, Climber Argyreia sericea Vriddhadaru Vidhara N22°32′.753′, 28,163 Beat-Chandrakhar Dalzell E077°52.669′ 11 Range-Itarsi, Climber Aristolochia indica L. Ishvari Isarmool N22°30.109′, 26,565 Beat-Khatama E077°43.711′ 12 Range-Itarsi, Climber Asparagus racemosus Shatavari Satavar N22°32′.040′, 27,478 Beat-Pandhari Willd. E077°51.122′ 13 Range-Sukhtava, Tree Azadirachta indica Nimb Neem N22°30.472′, 27,511 Beat-Kaveli A.Juss. E077°49.512′ 14 Range-Itarsi, Herb Baliospermum Danti Tamba N22°30.239′, 28,168 Beat-Khatama solanifolium (Burm.) E077°43.436′ Suresh 15 Range-Suhagpur Herb Barleria prionitis L. Peet Saireyak Katsarriya, N22°36.711′, 27,873 Beat-East Kesariya E078°59.243′ Mehandwadi 16 Range-Sivni Malva, Tree Bauhinia malabarica Ashmantak Amta N22°20.411′, 28,194 Beat-Jamni Roxb. E077°30.335′ 17 Range-Sivni Malva, Climber Bauhinia vahlii Wight Lata Kanchnar Mahul N22°20.77′, 25,660 Beat-Jamni & Arn. E077°30.067′ 18 Range-Bankhedi, Herb Biophytum sensitivum Vaiparitya lajjalu Chipkanu N22°44.220′, 28,088 Beat-Zhiriya (L.) DC. E078°39.131′ 19 Range-Itarsi Herb Boerhavia diffusa L. Punarnava Pathharchatta N22°32′.070′, 27,487 Beat-Pandhari E077°51.698′ 20 Range-Itarsi, Tree Buchanania Priyal Achar N22°30.249′, 27,212 Beat-Khatama cochinchinensis E077°43.452′ (Lour.) M.R.Almeida 21 Range-Banapura, Tree Butea monosperma Palash Khakhra N22°23.595′, 27,086 Beat-West Nayagaon (Lam.) Taub. E077°39.166′ 22 Range-Suhagpur, Herb Calotropis gigantean Alark Safed Aak N22°37.729′, 26,197 Beat -North Bagda (L.)Dryand. E077°59.522′ 23 Range-Suhagpur, Herb Calotropis procera Raktark Lal Aak N22°37.729′, 27,460 Beat-North Bagda (Aiton) Dryand. E077°59.522′ Contd…

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Contd… Name of the plants S. no Locality Habit Botanical name Sanskrit name Vernacular name GPS status Accession no. 24 Range-Bankhedi, Climber Cardiospermum Karnasphota Kanfuti N22°44.195′, 27,568 Beat-Zhiriya halicacabum L. E078°39.973′ 25 Range-Sivni Malva, Tree Careya arborea Roxb. Kumbhika Kumbhi N22°21.746′, 27,736 Beat-Budhi mai E077°30.935′ 26 Range-Itarsi, Shrub Carissa spinarum L. Karmardika Karonda N22°32′.476′, 27,239 Beat-Pandhari E077°51.649′ 27 Range-Sukhtava, Tree Casearia tomentosa Chilhak Gilchi N22°30.307′, 27,898 Beat-Kaveli Roxb. E077°49.362′ 28 Range-Sivni Malva, Tree Cassia fistula L. Araghvadh Amaltas N22°21.774′, 26,369 Beat-Budhi mai E077°30.078′ 29 Range-Itarsi, Tree Catunaregam spinose Madan Mainhar N22°30.245′, 28,173 Beat-Khatama (Thunb.)Tirveng. E077°43.468′ 30 Range-Itarsi, Climber Cayratia trifolia (L.) Atyamlaparni Jangli Angoor N22°30.124′, 28,181 Beat-Khatama Domin E077°43.705′ 31 Range-Itarsi, Climber Celastrus paniculatus Jyotishmati Malkangani, N22°30.232′, 28,115 Khatama Beat Willd. Kukandan E077°43.556′ 32 Range-Itarsi, Tree Ceriscoides turgida Mahapiditaru Kharhar N22°32′.746′, 27,227 Beat-Chandrakhar (Roxb.)Tirveng. E077°52.667′ 33 Range-Sivni Malva, Herb Chlorophytum Shvet Mushali Safed Musali N22°21.646′, 24,848 Beat-Budhi mai tuberosum (Roxb.) E077°30.521′ Baker 34 Range-Itarsi, Beat- Climber Cissampelos pareira L. Patha Pahad-Bel N22°31.587′, 27,382 Pandhari E077°51.907′ 35 Range-Sukhtava, Herb Cleome viscosa L. Peet Suvarchala Hurhur N22°21.259′, 26,230 Beat-Kaveli E077°51.561′ 36 Range-Suhagpur, Climber Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Chilhint Jaljamni N22°36.734′, 27,157 Beat-East W. Theob. E078°59.243′ Mehandwadi 37 Range-Itarsi, Herb Commelina Kacchat - N22°32′.415′, 27,851 Beat-Pandhari benghalensis L. E077°51.674′ 38 Range-Bankhedi, Herb Corchorus capsularis Kalshak Chench N22°44.224′, 23,008 Beat-Zhiriya L. E078°39.961′ 39 Range-Itarsi, Herb Crinum latifolium L. Sudarshan Jangli Piyaj N22°29.937′, 28,186 Beat-Khatama E077°43.670′ 40 Range-Sukhtava, Herb Crinum viviparum Vishnukand - N22°21.256′, 28,192 Beat-Kaveli (Lam.) R.Ansari & E077°51.279′ V.J.Nair 41 Range Sivni Malva, Climber Cryptolepis dubia Krishna Sariva Dudhi, Nagbel N22°20.349′, 27,610 Beat-Jamani (Burm.f.) M.R.Almeida E077°30.161′ 42 Range-Itarsi, Herb Curculigo orchioides Talmuli Kali Musali N22°31.587′, 27,962 Beat-Pandhari Gaertn. E077°51.907′ 43 Range-Sivni Malva, Herb Cyanthillium Sahadevi Sahdevi N22°20.209′, 27,385 Beat-Jamani cinereum (L.)H.Rob. E077°30.316′ 44 Range-Bankhedi, Climber Cyphostemma Atyamlaparni Khatua N22°44.332′, 27,817 Beat-Zhiriya auriculatum (Dr S. K. Lale 2015) E078°39.058′ (Roxb.) P.Singh and B.V.Shetty 45 Range-Itarsi, Herb Desmodium Shalparni Sarvan N22°32′.751′, 27,918 Beat-Chandrakhar gangeticum (L.) DC. E077°52.669′ 46 Range-Itarsi, Tree Desmodium Tinish Tinsa N22°32′.492′, 27,815 Beat-Pandhari oojeinense (Roxb.) E077°51.670′ H.Ohashi 47 Range-Itarsi, Climber Dioscorea bulbifera L. Varahi Garotha N22°32′.048′, 27,761 Beat-Pandhari E077°51.237′ 48 Range-Itarsi, Tree Diospyros Tindook Tendu N22°32′.424′, 27,800 Beat-Pandhari melanoxylon Roxb. E077°51.676′ Contd…

Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Volume 4 Issue 4 (October–December 2019) 177 Exploration of Medicinal Plants of Hoshangabad Forest Division (Territorial), Madhya Pradesh, with Special Reference to Ayurveda

Contd… Name of the plants S. no Locality Habit Botanical name Sanskrit name Vernacular name GPS status Accession no. 49 Range-Itarsi, Tree Dolichandrone falcate Meshshringa Medhashringi N22°32′.463′, 27,833 Beat-Pandhari (Wall. ex DC.) Seem. E077°51.655′ 50 Range-Sivni Malva, Climber Dregea volubilis (L.f.) Tikta Jivanti (Dr S. K. - N22°21.725′, 27,593 Beat-Budhi mai Benth.ex Hook.f. Lale 2015) E077°30.316′ 51 Range-Itarsi, Herb Drimia indica (Roxb.) Vanpalandu Jangli Piyaj N22°29.952′, 28,184 Beat-Khatama Jessop E077°43.709′ 52 Range-Suhagpur, Tree Ehretia laevis Roxb. Charmaranga Bajarbattu N22°39.153′, 27,116 Beat-North Bagda E077°59.984′ 53 Range-Sukhtava, Herb Elephantopus scaber Gojivha Shatmuli N22°30.215′, 26,552 Beat-Kaveli L. E077°49.658′ 54 Range-Itarsi, Herb Enicostema axillare Nagjivha Nai-Ghas N22°32′.003′, 27,941 Beat-Pandhari subsp. Littorale E077°51.143′ (Blume) A.Raynal 55 Range-Banapura, Herb Euphorbia hirta L. Brihat Dughdika Dudhi N22°25.070′, 27,450 North Beat- E077°38.935′ Nayagaon 56 Range-Sukhtava, Herb Evolvulus alsinoides Neelshankhpushpi Nili-Shankhpush- N22°30.271′, 27,827 Kaveli Beat (L.) L. pi E077°49.523′ 57 Range-Sukhtava, Tree Feronia limonia (L.) Kappittha Kaitha N22°30.197′, 22,088 Beat-Kaveli Swingle E077°49.745′ 58 Range -Banapura, Tree Ficus benghalensis L. Vat Bargad N22°25.070′, 26,260 Beat-North E077°38.935′ Nayagaon 59 Range-Itarsi, Tree Flacourtia indica Vikankat Katai N22°32′.744′, 27,893 Beat-Chandrakhar (Burm.f.) Merr. E077°52.650′ 60 Range-Itarsi, Tree Gardenia latifolia Parpataki (ENVIS, Papda N22°32′.050′, 27,176 Beat-Pandhari Aiton FRLHT) E077°51.233′ 61 Range-Bankhedi, Tree Garuga pinnata Roxb. Kshthdatri Kekad N22°44.189′, 28,049 Beat-Zhiriya E078°39.129′ 62 Range-Itarsi, Herb Gloriosa superba L. Langli Kalihari, Kalahu N22°30.246′, 26,401 Beat-Khatama E077°43.430′ 63 Range-Itarsi, Tree Gmelina arborea Gambhari Khamer N22°30.239′, 26,709 Beat-Khatama Roxb. E077°43.436′ 64 Range-Itarsi, Herb Grewia hirsute Vahl Nagbala Gudsakri N22°31.587′, 24,560 Beat-Pandhari E077°51.907′ 65 Range-Itarsi, Tree Grewia tiliifolia Vahl Dhanvang Dhaman N22°°32′.059′, 27,952 Beat-Pandhari E077°51.144′ 66 Range Sukhtava, Climber Gymnema sylvestre Meshsringi Gudmar N22°30.195′, 27,179 Beat-Kaveli (Retz.)R.Br. ex Sm. E077°49.742′ 67 Range-Itarsi, Tree Haldina cordifolia Haridru Haridru N22°32′.442′, 27,630 Beat Pandhari (Roxb.) Ridsdale E077°51.665′ 68 Range-Itarsi, Shrub Helicteres isora L. Avartini Amethi N22°32′.002′, 26,915 Beat-Pandhari E077°51.146′ 69 Range-Itarsi, Climber Hemidesmus indicus Sariva Ananti N22°31.587′, 26,506 Beat-Pandhari (L.) R. Br. ex Schult. E077°51.907′ 70 Range-Sukhtava, Tree Holarrhena Kutaj Dudhai N22°30.309′, 27,864 Beat-Kaveli pubescens Wall.ex E077°49.342′ G.Don 71 Range-Sivni Malva, Tree Holoptelea Chirbilva Chiroli N22°21.785′, 27,380 Beat-Budhi mai integrifolia Planch. E077°30.146′ 72 Range-Sukhtava, Climber Holostemma ada- Arkapushpi - N22°30.277′, 25,329 Beat-Kaveli kodien Schult. E077°49.382′ 73 Range-Itarsi, Tree Hymenodictyon Bringvriksh Bhorsal N22°32′.057′, 27,928 Beat-Pandhari orixense (Roxb.) E077°51.187′ Mabb. Contd…

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Contd… Name of the plants S. no Locality Habit Botanical name Sanskrit name Vernacular name GPS status Accession no. 74 Range- Bankhedi, Herb Indigofera tinctoria L. Neeli Neel N22°44.166′, 27,848 Beat-Zhiriya E078°39.033′ 75 Range- Itarsi, Tree Lannea Jingini Kankar N22°32′.489′, 27,701 Beat- Pandhari coromandelica E077°51.666′ (Houtt.) Merr. 76 Range-Itarsi, Herb Ledebouria revolute Vanplandu Jangli piyaj N22°32′.483′, 28,161 Beat-Pandhari (L.f.) Jessop E077°51.665′ 77 Range-Itarsi, Herb Leea asiatica (L.) Kakjangha Meda-lakdi N22°30.235′, 28,175 Beat-Khatama Ridsdale E077°43.559′ 78 Range-Suhagpur, Climber Leptadenia reticulate Jivanti Doda Mirchi N22°36.614′, 28,199 Beat-East Mehand- (Retz.)Wight & Arn. E078°59.557′ wadi 79 Range-Sivni Malva, Tree Litsea glutinosa Medasak Lenja N22°20.352′, 25,335 Beat-Jamani (Lour.)C.B.Rob. E077°30.179′ 80 Range-Sukhtava, Tree Madhuca longifolia Madhuk Mahua N22°30.459′, 27,033 Beat-Kaveli var. latifolia (Roxb.) E077°49.370′ A. Chev. 81 Range-Sivni Malva, Tree Mangifera indica L. Amra Aam N22°20.228′, 25,908 Beat-Jamani E077°30.029′ 82 Range-Itarsi, Climber Marsdenia Murva Chunher N22°30.235′, 28,178 Beat-Khatama tenacissima (Roxb.) E077°43.559′ Moon 83 Range-Itarsi, Tree Miliusa tomentosa Kari Kari N22°32′.010′, 28,156 Beat-Pandhari (Roxb.) J.Sinclair E077°51.145′ 84 Range-Sukhtava, Tree Mitragyna parvifolia Dhulikadamb Kalam N22°30.312′, 28,094 Beat-Kaveli (Roxb.)Korth. E077°49.726′ 85 Range-Bankhedi, Climber Momordica charantia Karvellak Jangli Karela N22°44.174′, 27,897 Beat-Zhiriya L. E078°39.221′ 86 Range-Banapura, Climber Momordica dioica Karkotaki Kakoda N22°23.601′, 25,339 Beat-West Nayagaon Roxb.ex Willd. E077°39.999′ 87 Range-Bankhedi, Climber Mucuna pruriens (L.) Kapikacchu Kenvanch N22°44.220′, 27,758 Beat-Zhiriya DC. E078°39.131′ 88 Range-Itarsi, Herb Nervilia concolor Sthal padma – N22°30.211′, 28,179 Beat-Khatama (Blume) Schltr. E077°43.560′ 89 Range-Itarsi, Tree Nyctanthes arbor- Parijat Siyaru N22°32′.057′, 27,054 Beat-Pandhari tristis L. E077°51.137′ 90 Range-Bankhedi, Climmber Pergularia daemia Vrichakali Dudhibel N22°44.216′, 27,984 Beat-Zhiriya (Forssk.) Chiov. E078°39.963′ 91 Range-Itarsi, Herb Phyllanthus amarus Bhumyamalki Bhuiamla N22°32′.372′, 26,919 Beat-Pandhari Schumach. and E077°51.604′ Thonn. 92 Range-Sivni Malva, Tree Phyllanthus emblica Amalki Anvala N22°20.248′, 28,037 Beat-Jamani L. E077°30.053′ 93 Range-Bankhedi, Herb Physalis minima L. Chirpota Makoi N22°44.259′, 27,770 Beat-Zhiriya E078°38.980′ 94 Range-Banapura, Tree Pongamia pinnata Karanj Karanj N22°24.411′, 26,807 Beat-North (L.) Pierre E077°39.762′ Nayagaon 95 Range-Sivni Malva, Tree Pterocarpus Bijak Bija N22°21.740′, 28,132 Beat-Budhi mai marsupium Roxb. E077°30.013′ 96 Range-Itarsi, Climber Pueraria tuberosa Vidari Bharanda, N22°30.246′, 25,299 Beat-Khatama (Willd.) DC. Kumhada E077°43.430′ 97 Range-Itarsi, Tree Schleichera oleosa Koshamra Kusum N22°31.587′, 28,085 Beat-Pandhari (Lour.)Merr. E077°51.907′ Contd…

Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Volume 4 Issue 4 (October–December 2019) 179 Exploration of Medicinal Plants of Hoshangabad Forest Division (Territorial), Madhya Pradesh, with Special Reference to Ayurveda

Contd… Name of the plants S. no Locality Habit Botanical name Sanskrit name Vernacular name GPS status Accession no. 98 Range- Sivni Malva, Tree Semecarpus Bhallatak Bhilva N22°20338′, 27,663 Beat -Jamani anacardium L.f. E077°30.133′ 99 Range-Suhagpur, Herb Senna tora (L.)Roxb. Chakramard Chakoda N22°37.729′, 27,823 Beat-North Bagda E077°59.522′ 100 Range-Sukhtava, Herb Sida cordata (Burm.f.) Bhumibala Bariyar N22°30.189′, 27,841 Beat-Kaveli Borss.Waalk. E077°49.725′ 101 Range-Itarsi, Herb Sida rhombifolia L. Mahabala Bariyar N22°32′.372′, 27,920 Beat-Pandhari E077°51.604′ 102 Range-Sukhtava, Herb Solanum incanum L. Brihati (Dr S. K. Lale Vanbhanta N22°30.195′, 27,401 Beat-Kaveli 2015) E077°49.742′ 103 Range-Bankhedi, Climber Solena amplexicaulis Gopal Karkati Kundaru N22°44.332′, 28,196 Beat-Zhiriya (Lam.) Gandhi E078°39.058′ 104 Range - Itarsi, Tree Soymida febrifuga Mansrohini Rohini N22°31.587′, 24,529 Beat-Pandhari (Roxb.) A. Juss. E077°51.907′ 105 Bankhedi Range Tree Stereospermum Patla Padhar N22°44.326′, 26,746 Beat-Zhiriya chelonoides (L.f.) DC. E078°39.077′ 106 Itarsi Range Tree Strychnos potatorum Nirmali Jaharmohra N22°32′.072′, 28,158 Beat-Pandhari L.f. E077°51.158′ 107 Range-Sivni Malva, Tree Syzygium salicifolium Nadi Jambu Khathjamun N22°20.228′, 28,106 Beat -Jamani (Wight) J.Graham E077°30.019′ 108 Range-Banapura, Tree Tamilnadia uliginosa Pindar Pindar N22°25.091′, 23,475 Beat-North (Retz.)Tirveng. and E077°38.873′ Nayagaon Sastre 109 Range-Banapura, Tree Tectona grandis L.f. Shak Sagon N22°25.114′, 27,057 Beat-North E077°38.647′ Nayagaon 110 Range-Banapura, Climber Telosma pallida Jivanti (Dr Lale - N22°44.316′, 28,198 Beat-West Nayagaon (Roxb.) W. G. Craib 2015) E078°39.028′ 111 Range-Bankhedi, Herb Tephrosia purpurea Sharpunkha Sarponkha N22°44.317′, 27,539 Beat-Zhiriya (L.) Pers. E078°39.038′ 112 Range-Sivni Malva, Tree Terminalia arjuna Arjun Kohu N22°20338′, 27,710 Beat-Jamani (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight E077°30.133′ and Arn. 113 Range-Sivni Malva, Tree Terminalia bellirica Bibhitaki Baheda N22°21.749′, 28,047 Beat-Budhi mai (Gaertn.) Roxb. E077°30.953′ 114 Range-Sivni Malva, Tree Terminalia chebula Haritaki Harra N22°21.718′, 24,531 Beat-Budhi mai Retz. E077°30.316′ 115 Range-Itarsi, Climber Tinospora sinensis Guduchi Gudvel N22°32′.429′, 26,932 Beat -Pandhari (Lour.) Merr. E077°51.665′ 116 Range-Sukhtava, Herb Trichodesma indicum Adhopushpi Andhahuli N22°30.262′, 24,441 Beat-Kaveli (L.) Lehm. E077°49.537′ 117 Range-Sivni Malva, Triumfetta Zinzhirita Bhuraiti N22°21.600′, 27,789 Beat-Budhi mai rhomboidea Jacq. E077°31.475′ 118 Range-Itarsi, Herb Uraria picta (Jacq.) Prishnparni Pithvan N22°30.190′, 26,558 Beat-Khatama DC. E077°43.629′ 119 Range-Sukhtava, Herb Vanda tessellate (Roxb.) Vrikshadani Banda N22°30.459′, 27,295 Beat-Kaveli Hook.ex G. Don E077°49.403′ 120 Range-Sivni Malva, Climber Ventilago denticulate Kaivertika Kevti N22°21.603′, 27,100 Beat-Budhi mai Willd. E077°31.481′ 121 Range-Suhagpur, Herb Vitex negundo L. Nirgundi Nigud N22°37.054′, 27,732 Beat-North Bagda E077°59.647′ 122 Range-Itarsi, Shrub Woodfordia fruticose Dhatki Dhavai N22°32′.067′, 27,140 Beat-Pandhari (L.) Kurz E077°51.153′ 123 Range-Shukhtava Tree Wrightia tinctoria Shvet Kutaj Dudhi N22°21.275′, 27,762 R.Br. E077°51.585′ 124 Range-Sivni Malva, Tree Ziziphus xylopyrus Ghonta Ghont, Ghonthar N22°21.612′, 24,967 Beat-Budhi mai (Retz.)Willd. E077°31.481′

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forest areas and ranges. During the survey, only such drugs having less than five sheets available at herbarium of Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi (RARI, Jhansi) were collected, whereas more than five-sheeted species had not been collected, but the photographs of all species were taken and their GPS location with local names were recorded. The herbarium vouchers were made by drying, poisoning, and mounting on herbarium sheets,31,32 and these sheets were deposited in the herbarium of RARI, Jhansi (Acronym JHS). Authenticity of the species was made after matching and examining the available herbarium at the institute and the flora of Madhya Pradesh.

Observations​ The medicinal plants described in Ayurveda in the Hoshangabad forest division of Madhya Pradesh have been explored per the Fig. 1: Map of Hoshangabad forest division (territorial) showing studied geographical distribution. The studied field area has also been areas recorded and presented through this communication (Fig. 1).

Figs 2A to F: Some important medicinal plants’ photograph of Hoshangabad forest division

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The important medicinal plants distributed in the study areas tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon, Nervilia concolor (Blume) Schltr., of Hoshangabad forest division of Madhya Pradesh are listed Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L., Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., Pueraria Table 1. In the field area, some plant spp. are found in abundance tuberosa (Willd.) DC., Semecarpus anacardium L.f., Solanum incanum such as Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa, Crinum latifolium L., Curculigo L., Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) A. Juss., Stereospermum chelonoides orchioides Gaertn., Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., Drimia indica (L.f.) DC., Strychnos potatorum L.f., Telosma pallida (Rob.) W.G. Craib, (Roxb.) Jessop, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L., Strychnos potatorum L.f., Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn., Tinospora sinensis Ventilago denticulata Willd., and some spp. such as Aristolochia indica (Lour.) Merr., Uraria picta (Jacq.) DC., Ventilago denticulata Willd., L., Argyreia sericea Dalzell, Holostemma ada-kodien Schult., Litsea Vitex negundo L., Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz, etc. Distribution glutinosa (Lour.) C.B.Rob., Nervilia concolor (Blume) Schltr., Uraria of medicinal plants in different studied forest areas falling under picta (Jacq.) DC., etc. rare in the habitat (Figs 2 and 3). Hoshangabad forest division per the GPS markings described in Table 1. Results​ In Hoshangabad forest division, some important species were Discussion​ found, such as Abrus precatorius L., Adiantum lunulatum Burm.f., The present survey of medicinal plants of Hoshangabad forest Alangium salviifolium (L.f.) Wangerin, Anogessus latifolia (Roxb. ex division highlights the information on important medicinal plants DC.) Wall. ex Guillem. & Perr., Argyreia sericea Dalzell, Aristolochia which are described in Ayurveda and exploited for research indica L. Asparagus racemosus Willd., Baliospermum solanifolium activities and studies. Forest of Hoshangabad division is of (Burm.) Suresh, Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC., Careya arborea mixed type and spread on hilly terrain and has rich biodiversity. Roxb., Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng., Celastrus paniculatus The important medicinal plants used in Ayurveda system of Willd., Chlorophytum tuberosum (Roxb.) Baker, Cissampelos pareira medicines are Adiantum lunulatum Burm. f., Aegle marmelos (L.) L., Crinum latifolium L., Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., Desmodium Correa, Alangium salviifolium (L.f.) Wangerin, Anogessus latifolia gangeticum (L.) DC., Dioscorea bulbifera L., Drimia indica (Roxb.) (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Guillem. and Perr., Argyreia sericea Dalzell, Jessop, Enicostema axillare subsp. Littorale (Blume) A. Raynal, Asparagus racemosus Willd., Baliospermum solanifolium (Burm.) Gardenia latifolia Aiton, Gloriosa superba L., Gmelina arborea Roxb., Suresh, Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC., Careya arborea Roxb., Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Sm., Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng., Celastrus paniculatus Br. ex Schult, Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don, Holostemma Willd., Chlorophytum tuberosum (Roxb.) Baker, Cissampelos pareira ada-kodien Schult., Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob., Marsdenia L., Crinum latifolium L., Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., Dioscorea bulbifera L., Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop, Enicostema axillare subsp. Littorale (Blume) A. Raynal, Gardenia latifolia Aiton, Gloriosa superba L., Gmelina arborea Roxb., Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br.ex Sm., Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don, Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon, Nyctanthes arbor- tristis L., Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC., Semecarpus anacardium L.f., Solanum incanum L., Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) A. Juss., Strychnos potatorum L.f., Telosma pallida (Rob.) W.G. Craib, Terminalia arjuna (Rob. Ex DC.) Wight and Arn., Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr., Ventilago denticulata Willd., Vitex negundo L., Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz, etc. are most common; and Aristolochia indica L., Argyreia sericea Dalzell, Holostemma ada- kodien Schult., Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B.Rob., Nervilia concolor (Blume) Schltr., Uraria picta (Jacq.) DC. are rare in this division. A total of 124 species of medicinal plants which are described in Ayurveda have been collected, reported, and identified from different GPS locations. Sanskrit names of Cyphostemma auriculatum (Roxb.) P. Singh and B.V.Shetty, Dregea volubilis (L.f.) Beth. ex Hook.f., Solanum incanum L., and Telosma pallida (Roxb.) W.G. Craib have been made according to the new text.33

Conclusion​ Medicinal flora of Hoshangabad forest division is highly rich in medicinal plants described in Ayurveda. Some important species of medicinal plants described in Ayurveda text grows in abundance, such as Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa, Crinum latifolium L., Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L., Strychnos potatorum L.f., and Ventilago denticulata Willd. This information on the medicinal Figs 3A to C: Some important medicinal plants’ photograph of plant described in Ayurveda text of the forest division will serve as Hoshangabad forest division the basic material for various research activities and studies.

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Acknowledgments 15. Abhyankar RK, Upadhyay R. Ethno medical studies of tubers of hoshnagabad MP. Bullet Environ, Pharma Life Sci 2011;1(1):57–59. Authors are thankful to the Director General, Central Council for 16. Rai R. Ethno-botanical studies of korku tribes of Madhya Pradesh. Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH for financial Forestry Bulletin 2012;12(2):86–93. assistance and encouragements. Our sincere thanks to the district 17. Kala CP. Harvesting and supply chain analysis of ethno botanical forest officer (DFO), Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh, and his team species in the biosphere reserve of India. Am J Environ for providing assistance in the field. Authors are also thankful to Prot 2013;1(1):20–27. DOI: 10.12691/env-1-2-2. Shri Santosh Kumar Saket and Shri Naresh Lal for field assistance. 18. Sing B, Upadhyay R. Medical pteridophytes of Madhya Pradesh. J Med Plant Stud 2014;2(4):65–68. We are also thankful to the data entry operator Shri Ayush Verma. 19. SK, Lale SK. Medico-ethno-botanical survey of satna rewa forest division, Madhya Pradesh India. J Drug Res Ayurvedic Sci References 2015;1(1):75–101. 1. https://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoshangabad#Geography. 20. Gaur SK, Lale SK. Medicinal plants wealth of rewa forest division of 2. Upadhyay R. Ethno-medicinal uses of tree barks by tribal’s of Madhya Pradesh State. J Drug Res Ayurvedic Sci 2016;1(2-4):47–72. Hoshangabad Madhya Pradesh, India. Int J Biotechnol Bioeng Res 21. Pandey RK, Shrivastava JL. Materials for forest Flora of Madhya 2013;4(7):671–676. Pradesh State, MP. 1996. 3. http://mpenvis.nic.in/searchdisplay.aspx?st=1&lid=1964&langid=1 22. Chakrapani. Ayurveddipika commentary. Charak Samhita. Mumbai: &mid=1. Nirnay Sagar Press; 1992. p. 1–737. 4. Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. 23. Dalhan. Nibandhsangrah commentary. Sushrut Samhita. Varanasi: New Delhi: CSIR; 1956. Chowkhambha Surbharti Prakashan; 2003. p. 1–824. 5. Chopra RN, Chopra SL, Chopra IC. Glossary of Indian medicinal plants. 24. Arundatta. Addhamall commentary. Ashtang Hriday. Varanasi: New Delhi: CSIR; 1965. Chowkhanbha Surbharti Prakashan; 1997. p. 1–956. 6. Chopra RN, Chopra IC, Handa KL, et al. Indigenous drugs of India. 25. Chunekar KC. Pandey Gangasahay. Bhavprakash Nighantu. Varanasi: 2nd ed., New Delhi: Academic Publishers; 1982. Chowkhambha Publication; 1998. p. 3–704. 7. Duthie JF. Flora of Upper Gangetic Plain and of the adjacent Shivalic 26. Tripathi I. Raj Nighantu. Varanasi: Chokhambha Publication; 1998. and Sub-Himalayan Trct. Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India, p. 01–428. Reprinted 1960. 27. Sharma PV, Sharma G. Kaidev Nighantu. Varanasi: Chokhambha 8. Jain SK. Observation on ethno botany of the tribal’s of M.P. Vanyajati. Publication; 1979. 1963;11(4):177–187. 28. Sharma PV, Sharma G. Dhanvantari Nighantu. Varanasi: Chokhambha 9. Jain SK. Dictionary of Indian folk medicines and ethno botany. New Publication; 1998. p. 1–178. Delhi: Deep Publications; 1991. 29. Shaligram V. Shaligram Nighantu. Mumbai: Khemraj Shri Krishnadas; 10. Raizada A. Tribal Development of Madhya Pradesh - A planning 1978. perspective. New Delhi: Inter-India Publication; 1984. p. 1–220. 30. Shodhal. Shodhal Nighantu. Baroda: Oriental Institute; 1978. 11. Oommachan M, Masih SK. Ethno botanical observations at Pachmarhi 31. Rao RR, Methods and techniques in ethno botanical study and Madhya Pardesh. J of Tropical Forestry 1990;6(11):157–161. research some Basic consideration in: Method and Approaches in 12. Varma DM, Balakrishnan NP, Dixit RD. Flora of Madhya Pradesh, vol. Ethno botany, by SK Jain Lucknow: Society of Ethnobotanists; 1989. 1, Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India; 1993. p. 35–626. p. 13–23. 13. Mudgal V, Khanna KK, Hajra PK. Flora of Madhya Pradesh, vol. II, 32. Jain SK, Rao RR. A Handbook of Field and Herbarium Methods. New Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India; 1997. p. 1–633. Delhi: Today & Tomorrow Printers and Publishers; 1967. p. 33–58. 14. Sing NP, Khanna KK, Mudgal V, et al. Flora of Madhya Pradesh, vol. III, 33. Lale SK. Aushadhinamrupavigyanam, vol. II, Indore: Hemaraj Lale; Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India; 2001. 2015. p. XX–465.

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