Religion and the Forgiving Personality Michael E. McCullough National Institute for Healthcare Research Everett L. Worthington, Jr. Virginia Commonwealth University ABSTRACT Forgiveness is a concept with deep religious roots. It is also a basic social and psychological phenomenon. In this article, we explore the links between forgiveness and religion by surveying how they are linked in the major monotheistic world religions, and how they appear to be linked empirically. In attempting to account for the current body of empirical findings, we propose four potential substantive and methodological explanations that should be explored in future studies. Because the concept of forgiveness is (a) both spiritual and social-psychological in nature, and (b) possibly linked to some measures of human health and well-being (concerns that have traditionally been of interest to both researchers in personality and researchers in religion), the concept of forgiveness could be an important common ground for future research on the interface of religion and personality. The concept of forgiveness has dual natures: a common one and a transcendent one. In the common, material world, forgiveness is just one more social-psychological phenomenon. We can think about it and study This research was supported in part through the generosity of the John Templeton Foundation, Radnor, PA. Michael E. McCullough, Department of Research, National Institute for Healthcare Research, Everett L. Worthington, Jr., Department of Psychology, Virginia Common- wealth University, Richmond, VA. Correspondence regarding this article should be directed to Michael McCullough, National Institute for Healthcare Research, 6110 Executive Boulevard, Suite 908, Rockville, MD, 20852. Electronic mail may be sent via the Internet to
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