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Kiddush and Havdallah

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Kiddush and Havdallah Kiddush and Havdallah תלמוד בבלי מסכת פסחים דף Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Pesahim 106a קו. תנו רבנן: :Our Rabbis taught זכור את יום השבת לקדשו - Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy” - Text“ זוכרהו על היין. make mention of it over wine. #1 אין לי אלא ביום. בלילה I know it only of the day; whence do we know it of מנין? תלמוד לומר זכור את יום the night? Because it is stated, “remember the השבת לקדשו. ”.Sabbath day, to keep it holy תלמוד בבלי מסכת פסחים דף קז. Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Pesahim 107a תנו רבנן: :Our Rabbis taught אין מקדשין אלא על היין ואין You recite kiddush over wine only, and you say a מברכין אלא על היין. .blessing over wine only Text אטו אשיכרא ואמיא מי לא מברכין Do we then not recite the blessing, ‘by whose word #2 עליהו שהכל נהיה בדברו? ?all things exist’ over beer and water אמר אביי הכי קאמר אין אומרים ,Said Abaye, "This is what it means: You do not say הבא כוס של ברכה לברך אלא על ’,[bring a cup of blessing to say Grace [after meals‘ היין. .over anything except wine תלמוד בבלי מסכת פסחים Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Pesahim 107a דף קז. תנו רבנן: :Our Rabbis taught אין מקדשין על השכר. .You do not recite kiddush over beer משום ר' אלעזר בר רבי From Rabbi Eleazar, son of Rabbi Shim'on’s name, Text #3 שמעון אמרו מקדשין. " .[they said: "You can recite kiddush [over it מטעימת יין כל שהוא. .The tasting of wine [demands] but a small quantity ר' יוסי בר יהודה אומר Rabbi Yose, son of Yehudah, says: "[At least] a מלא לוגמיו. ".mouthful תלמוד בבלי מסכת פסחים Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Pesahim 107a קז. בעא מיניה רב הונא מרב Rav Hisda asked Rav Huna: "Is it permitted to recite חסדא מהו לקדושי אשיכרא "?kiddush over beer אמר השתא ומה פירזומא Said he to him, "Seeing that I asked Rav, and Rav asked ותאיני ואסני דבעאי מיניה Rabbi Hiyya, and Rabbi Hiyya asked Rabbi about fig and מרב ורב מר' חייא ורבי חייא ,barley beer, fig [-beverage], and shrubbery fruit beer מרבי ולא פשט ליה שיכרא and he could not resolve it for him, can there be a מיבעיא סבור מינה קדושי "!?question about [barley] beer הוא דלא מקדשינן עילויה Now it was understood from him: kiddush indeed may אבל אבדולי מבדלינן אמר not be recited over it, yet we can recite havdalah over להו רב חסדא הכי אמר רב כשם שאין מקדשין עליו כך .it אין מבדילין עליו. Said Rav Hisda to them, "Thus did Rav say: 'Just as you may not recite kiddush over it, so may you not recite havdalah over it.'" איתמר נמי: אמר רב ,It was stated too: Rav Tahlifa son of Avdimi said תחליפא בר אבימי אמר Shmu'el said, 'Just as you may not recite kiddush over" שמואל כשם שאין מקדשין "'.it, so may you not recite havdalah over it עליו כך אין מבדילין עליו. Text #4 לוי שדר ליה לר' שיכרא בר Levi sent to Rabbi beer strained thirteen-fold. On תליסר מגני טעמיה הוה tasting it, he found it well-flavored. Said he: "Over such בסים טובא אמר כגון זה as this it is fitting to recite kiddush and to utter all the ראוי לקדש עליו ולומר עליו ".psalms and praises in the world כל שירות ותושבחות .At night it caused him pains שבעולם בליליא צעריה אמר "!Said he: "Seeing that it chastises us, shall it propitiate מיסרן ומפייס. אמר רב יוסף אדור ברבים Rav Yosef said: "I will vow in the presence of a דלא אישתי שיכרא. ".multitude not to drink beer אמר רבא אישתי מי זוריון Rava said: "I would drink flaxwater, yet I would not ולא אישתי שיכרא. ".drink beer ואמר רבא תיהוי שקיותיה Rava also said: "His drink shall be but beer who recites שיכרא מאן דמקדש ".kiddush over beer אשיכרא. רב אשכחיה רב הונא .Rav found Rav Huna reciting kiddush over beer דקדיש אשיכרא אמר ליה Said he to him: "Abba has begun to acquire coins with שרי אבא למיקני איסתירי ".beer משיכרא. תלמוד בבלי מסכת פסחים Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Pesahim 106a קו. ?ביום מאי מברך ?What blessing does he recite by day אמר רב יהודה: בורא פרי ”.Said Rav Yehudah: “...who createst the fruit of the vine הגפן. רב אשי איקלע למחוזא, Rav Ashi visited Mahuza. They said [the Mahuzaeans] to אמרו ליה: ליקדיש לן מר ".him, "Let the master recite the great kiddush for us קידושא רבה. They gave him [the cup of wine]. Now he pondered, Text הבו ליה. סבר: מאי ניהו "What is the great kiddush?" #5 קידושא רבה? [Let us see," he reasoned, "for all blessings [of kiddush" אמר: מכדי כל הברכות כולן ".’we first say ‘. who createst the fruit of the vine בורא פרי הגפן אמרי So] he recited ’. .who createst the fruit of the vine,’ and] ברישא, אמר בורא פרי tarried over it, [and then] he saw an old man bend [his הגפן ואגיד ביה. חזייה head] and drink. Thereupon, he applied to himself [the לההוא סבא דגחין ושתי. קרי אנפשיה +קהלת ב+ ".verse], "The wise man, his eyes are in his head החכם עיניו בראשו. תלמוד בבלי מסכת פסחים דף & Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Pessahim 105b קה: וברכות נב. Berakhot 52a תניא: :It was taught הנכנס לביתו במוצאי שבת One who enters his house on the termination of מברך על היין ועל המאור ועל the Sabbath recites blessings over the wine, the light Text הבשמים ואחר כך אומר הבדלה and the spices, and then he recites havdalah over the #6 על הכוס. .[cup [of wine ואם אין לו אלא כוס אחד But if he has one cup only, he leaves it until after מניחו עד לאחר המזון ומשלשלן .the meal and recites them all together after it כולן לאחריו. תלמוד בבלי מסכת פסחים דף Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Pessahim 107a קז. אמרי ליה מר ינוקא ומר קשישא Mar Yanuka and Mar Kashisha the sons of Rav Hisda בריה דרב חסדא לרב אשי זימנא :said to Rav Ashi: "Amemar once visited our town חדא איקלע אמימר לאתרין ולא ,[lacking wine, we brought him beer [for havdalah הוה לן חמרא אייתינא ליה but he would not recite havdalah [over it], and Text שיכרא ולא אבדיל ובת טוות passed the night fasting.’ The next day, we took #7 למחר טרחנא ואייתינא ליה trouble to procure wine for him, whereupon he חמרא ואבדיל וטעים מידי לשנה recited havdalah and ate something. The following תו איקלע לאתרין לא הוה לן year he again visited our town, [and] we offered him חמרא אייתינא שיכרא אמר אי beer. Said he, ‘If so, it is the wine of the country’; [so] הכי חמר מדינה הוא אבדיל וטעים מידי. ".he recited havdalah and ate a little רמב"ם הלכות שבת כט:א Maimonides, Laws of Shabbat 29:1 מצות עשה מן התורה It is a positive commandment from the Torah to לקדש א את יום השבת ,verbally sanctify the Sabbath day, as it is said בדברים שנאמר +שמות כ'+ .remember the sabbath day to sanctify it" (Ex" זכור את יום השבת לקדשו, Which is to say make mention of it - the .(20:7 Text #8 כלומר זכרהו זכירת שבח making mention of praise and sanctification. And וקידוש, וצריך לזכרהו one needs to make mention of it upon its entering בכניסתו וביציאתו, בכניסתו and upon its departure. Upon its entrance with בקידוש היום וביציאתו kiddush hayom and upon its departure with בהבדלה havdallah. שולחן ערוך אורח חיים סימן Shulhan Arukh, Orah Hayyim §296:2 רצו:ב ואין מבדילין על הפת, אבל And we don't make havdallah upon bread, but we על השכר מבדילין אם הוא can make havdallah upon beer if it is a drink of the חמר מדינה וה"ה לשאר land; and this is the case for other drinks, aside משקין, חוץ מן המים. from water. Text #9 הגה: וטוב יותר להבדיל על Gloss: And it is better to make havdallah upon a כוס פגום של יין, מעל שכר. faulty cup of wine than upon beer. And we are ונהגו להבדיל במוצאי פסח accustomed to make havdallah on the departure of על שכר ולא על יין, משום Passover upon beer and not upon wine, since it is דחביב עליו. .precious unto one .
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