TRIBUS Eumerini Släkte Eumerus – Månblomflugor

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TRIBUS Eumerini Släkte Eumerus – Månblomflugor 2 • nationalnyckeln till sveriges flora och fauna TRIBUS Eumerini STAM Arthropoda UNDERSTAM Hexapoda ORDNING Diptera Tribus Eumerini omfattar de bi- eller humleliknande savande håligheter eller i savansamlingar under bark ÖVERFAMILJ Syrphoidea släktena Eumerus, Merodon och Psilota och benämns av löv- eller barrträd. Den uppmärksamme märker då FAMILJ Syrphidae ibland Merodontini. Larverna av de två förstnämnda genast att släktet Psilota inte riktigt passar in i tribus UNDERFAMILJ Eristalinae släktena utvecklas i lökar och jordstammar eller i ba- Eumerini utan kanske snarare bör föras till Xylotini, TRIBUS sen av lökväxter och andra växter, och hos Psilota i Chrysogastrini eller till ett eget tribus. SLÄKTE SLÄKTE Eumerus – månblomflugor STAM Arthropoda UNDERSTAM Hexapoda NAMNGIVNING ORDNING Diptera Släktet Eumerus omfattar små eller medelstora flugor Eumerus Meigen, 1822. Systematische Be- ÖVERFAMILJ Syrphoidea som oftast har svart bakkropp med parvisa vitaktiga, schreibung 3: 202. Synonym: ”Pipiza” användes av Fallén och Zetterstedt i beskrivningar före år 1820. FAMILJ Syrphidae halvmånformiga puderfläckar. Vingarna har brunt UNDERFAMILJ Eristalinae Etymologi: Eumerus = möjl. med harmoniska delar, harmo- TRIBUS Eumerini vingmärke och är helt täckta av mikrohår. Larverna niskt byggd; eu- (gr.) = väl; meros (gr.) = del. SLÄKTE utvecklas oftast i olika prydnadslökar, knölar, jord- stammar eller tjocka rötter. I Norden förekommer LITTERATUR Bankowska 1963, Munk 2000, Nielsen 2002, åtta arter, varav en numera bedöms vara försvunnen. 2005, Sörensson 2003. I världen finns totalt över 300 arter, varav 140 i Pale- arktis och 50 i Europa. Släktet Eumerus omfattar små och medelstora flugor som oftast har svart bakkropp med parvisa vitaktiga, halv- månformiga puderfläckar på två eller tre av tergiterna. Vingarna har brunt vingmär- ke. När flugan vilar ligger vingarna parallellt med krop- pen. Larverna utvecklas oftast i olika prydnadslökar, rotknö- lar, jordstammar eller tjocka rötter. Bilden visar en hane av silvermånblomfluga Eumerus flavitarsis. Arten känns lätt igen på att endast tergit 2 har gula parfläckar samt att hanens bakfötter är tillplat- tade och har silvervit behåring. FOTO: KRISTER HALL syrphidae: eumerus • 3 Släktet Eumerus omfattar små eller medelstora flugor är ofta uppsvällda, och deras undersida är mer eller (längd 5–12 mm) som oftast har svart bakkropp med mindre taggig i yttre halvan. parvisa vitaktiga, halvmånformiga puderfläckar på Flugorna i detta släkte flyger i regel nära marken, två eller tre av tergiterna. Ansiktet är platt och har men besöker även blommor på upp till 2 meters höjd. nedåtriktad behåring. Ögonen har kort och sparsam Larverna utvecklas oftast i olika prydnadslökar, knö- behåring. Ryggskölden har två mer eller mindre tyd- lar, jordstammar eller tjocka rötter. Valet av värdväxt liga längsgående puderstrimmor. Bakkroppen är ofta är ofta artspecifikt, men i flera fall okänt. något insnörd mellan tergiterna 2 och 3. Vingarna Utbredningsområdet för de åtta arter som finns har brunt vingmärke och är helt täckta av mikrohår. i Norden är dåligt känt. De flesta arter förekommer När flugan vilar ligger vingarna parallellt med krop- endast i södra halvan av Sverige. Eumerus ruficornis pen. Spetsen av vingens främre bakkantribba (M1+2) bedöms vara försvunnen från Sverige, medan den viker av inåt innan den möter framförvarande ribba med blomsterlökar införd arten E. funeralis är funnen (R4+5). Benen är mörka; skenbenen dock normalt norrut till Västerbotten. Från Europa är över 50 arter endast vid basen. I vissa fall är benen helt gula. Föt- kända, de flesta från Medelhavsområdet. Nya arter terna är åtminstone på undersidan mer eller mindre beskrivs alltjämt. Släktet Eumerus är med sina över utbrett gula. Hos vissa arter är de helt gula, och hos 300 arter ett av de artrikaste i världen. Det är även ett en art har de silvervit behåring. I synnerhet baklåren av de artrikaste släktena i Palearktis med ca 140 arter. Bestämningsnyckel till arter i släktet Eumerus Key to species of the genus Eumerus 1. Bakkropp helt röd, eller med 1. Abdomen entirely red, or at least åtminstone delvis röda sidor .............................. 2 sides partly red ............................................... 2 – Bakkropp mörk, utan inslag av – Abdomen dark, without röda partier ......................................................... 3 red markings .................................................. 3 2. Bakkropp helt eller nästan 2. Abdomen entirely red, or almost helt röd. Ögon så gott som so. Eyes almost bare. Eyes of nakna. Hanens ögon ej male separated .... Eumerus sabulonum p. 294 hopstötande ........................Eumerus sabulonum – Only sides of abdomen to a monkeblomfluga s. 294 varying extent red. Eyes with – Bakkropp endast på sidorna long, pale hairs. Eyes of male mer eller mindre utbrett röd. meet for at stretch roughly Ögon med lång, ljus behåring. equalling the height of the Hanens ögonsöm ungefär ocellar triangle ........... Eumerus grandis p. 291 lika lång som ögontriangelns höjd ............................................ Eumerus grandis praktmånblomfluga s. 291 3. Tergit 2 med ovala, gula 3. Tergite 2 with a pair of oval, fläckar som ibland är pudrade. sometimes dusted yellow spots. Hanens bakfötter tillplattade Male hind tarsus flattened och täckta av silverglänsande and covered with silvery behåring ................................ Eumerus flavitarsis hairs ....................... Eumerus flavitarsis p. 289 silvermånblomfluga s. 289 – Tergite 2 with pale, lunular – Tergit 2 med halvmånformiga dust spots ....................................................... 4 ljusa puderfläckar ............................................... 4.
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