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Diptera: Syrphidae) in the Balkans Spatial patterns of genetic diversity of the genus Eumerus (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the Balkans Antonia Chroni Biochemist – Biotechnologist, MSc Doctoral Dissertation Department of Geography of the University of the Aegean Defended in public on Friday 22 December 2017 1 page intentionally left blank 2 Χωρικά πρότυπα γενετικής ποικιλότητας του γένους Eumerus (Δίπτερα: Συρφίδες) στα Βαλκάνια Αντωνία Χρόνη Βιοχημικός – Βιοτεχνολόγος, MSc Διδακτορική Διατριβή Τμήμα Γεωγραφίας του Πανεπιστημίου Αιγαίου Ημερομηνία δημόσιας υποστήριξης Παρασκευή 22 Δεκεμβρίου 2017 3 Chroni, A. 2018. Spatial patterns of genetic diversity of the genus Eumerus (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the Balkans. Doctoral Dissertation, University of the Aegean, Mytilene. (pp. 269). Χρόνη, Α. 2018. Χωρικά πρότυπα γενετικής ποικιλότητας του γένους Eumerus (Δίπτερα: Συρφίδες) στα Βαλκάνια. Διδακτορική Διατριβή, Πανεπιστήμιο Αιγαίου, Μυτιλήνη (σελ. 269). Η έγκριση της διδακτορικής διατριβής από το Τμήμα Γεωγραφίας του Πανεπιστημίου Αιγαίου δεν υποδηλώνει την αποδοχή των γνωμών της συγγραφέως (Ν. 5343/1932, Άρθρο 202, Παράγραφος 2). 4 Funding The current PhD dissertation was conducted at the Laboratory of Ecology and Biogeography at the Department of Geography of the University of the Aegean (Mytilene, Greece). DNA and phylogenetic analyses were carried out at the Laboratory of Genetics at the Department of Biology and Ecology of the University of Novi Sad (Faculty of Sciences, Serbia). This PhD research was funded mainly by the project POL-AEGIS (The pollinators of the Aegean: biodiversity and threats), which was co-funded by the European Union (European Social Fund – ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program ‘Education and Lifelong Learning’ of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) – Research Funding Program: THALES – Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund (PhD fund received: April 2013 – November 2015). Additional funding was provided by the following projects/programs: (i) the project «ExpeER» (Experimentation in Ecosystem Research, 7th Framework Programme of the EC, FP2007-2013) (funded period: June – July 2013); (ii) the Mobility Program «Grants ΙΚΥ» (Short Terms, Greek State Scholarships Foundation) (in the frame of the «Education and Lifelong Learning» of the European Social Fund (ESF) – NSRF, 2007–2013) (funded period: June – November 2014); and (iii) the Erasmus+ Programme/ International Credit Mobility (funded period: February – May 2017). Χρηματοδότηση Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή εκπονήθηκε στο Εργαστήριο Βιογεωγραφίας και Οικολογίας του Τμήματος Γεωγραφίας του Πανεπιστημίου Αιγαίου (Μυτιλήνη, Ελλάδα). Οι εργαστηριακές και φυλογενετικές αναλύσεις διεξήχθησαν στο Εργαστήριο Γενετικής του Τμήματος Βιολογίας και Οικολογίας του Πανεπιστημίου του Νόβι Σαντ (Σχολή Θετικών Επιστημών, Σερβία). Η διδακτορική έρευνα χρηματοδοτήθηκε κυρίως από το έργο POL-AEGIS (Οι επικονιαστές του Αιγαίου: βιοποικιλότητα και απειλές), το οποίο συγχρηματοδοτήθηκε από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινωνικό Ταμείο – ΕΚΤ) και από εθνικούς πόρους μέσω του Επιχειρησιακού Προγράμματος «Εκπαίδευση και Δια Βίου Μάθηση» του Εθνικού Στρατηγικού Πλαισίου Αναφοράς (ΕΣΠΑ) – Ερευνητικό Χρηματοδοτούμενο Έργο: ΘΑΛΗΣ – Επένδυση στην κοινωνία της γνώσης μέσω του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινωνικού Ταμείου (χρήματοδότηση PhD: Απρίλιος 2013 – Νοέμβριος 2015). Επιπρόσθετη χρηματοδότηση προήλθε από τα παρακάτω έργα/προγράμματα: (i) Ερευνητικό έργο «ExpeER» (Experimentation in Ecosystem Research, χρηματοδοτούμενο από το 7ο Πρόγραμμα Πλαίσιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής, FP2007-2013) (χρήματοδότηση PhD: Ιούνιος – Ιούλιος 2013), (ii) Πρόγραμμα Χορήγησης Υποτροφιών Κινητικότητας IKY για Βραχεία Μετεκπαίδευση (Short Terms) στο πλαίσιο του «Εκπαίδευση και Δια Βίου Μάθηση», χρηματοδοτούμενο από το Ευρωπαϊκό Ταμείο (ΕΚΤ) του ΕΣΠΑ, 2007 – 2013) (χρήματοδότηση PhD: Ιούνιος – Νοέμβριος 2014), και (iii) Πρόγραμμα Erasmus+ Διεθνούς κινητικότητας (χρήματοδότηση PhD: Φεβρουάριος – Μάιος 2017). 5 Author contributions Chapter 1: A. Chroni wrote Chapter 1. Chapter 2: A. Chroni, D. Obreht Vidaković, T. Petanidou and A. Vujić designed the study; A. Vujić collected and identified part of the specimens analyzed; A. Chroni carried out the DNA analyses; A. Chroni and M. Djan carried out the phylogenetic analyses and the results’ interpretation; A. Chroni wrote the paper; D. Obreht Vidaković, T. Petanidou, A. Vujić and M. Djan critically reviewed the paper. Chapter 3: A. Grković, A. Vujić and S. Radenković identified the specimens and conducted the morphology descriptions; A. Chroni carried out the DNA analyses; A. Grković and A. Chroni wrote the paper; A. Vujić, S. Radenković and T. Petanidou critically reviewed the paper. Chapter 4: A. Grković, A. Vujić, J. van Steenis and S. Radenković identified the specimens and conducted the morphology descriptions; A. Chroni carried out the DNA and phylogenetic analyses, and M. Djan participitated to the results’ interpretation; A. Grković and A. Chroni wrote the paper; A. Vujić, J. van Steenis and S. Radenković reviewed the paper. Chapter 5: A. Chroni, A. Vujić and M. Djan designed the study; A. Chroni and N. Veličković carried out the DNA analyses; A. Chroni (phylogenetic and phylogeographic), A. Grković (morphology descriptions), J. Ačanski (wing morphometry) conducted the analyses and wrote the paper; A. Vujić, M. Djan and T. Petanidou reviewed the paper. Chapter 6: A. Chroni, A. Vujić and T. Petanidou designed the study; A. Chroni, L. Šašić Zorić and N. Kočiš Tubić conducted the DNA analyses; A. Chroni, M. Stefanović and M. Djan analysed the data; A. Chroni wrote the paper. A. Vujić, M. Djan and T. Petanidou reviewed the paper. In Chapters (2) – (6), A. Vujić and T. Petanidou collected and directed data collection; T. Petanidou, A. Vujić, M. Djan, D. Obreht Vidaković and A. Chroni obtained funding for the projects. Figures/photos credits Photo used in the cover is reproduced with permission by Jelle Devalez, and photo editing was conducted by Christos Kardampikis. Figures (1a) and (3) of the Chapter (1) are reproduced with permission by Dr Dana Krempels and Dr Andrew Young, respectively. Photos used in the Chapters (3) and (4) are reproduced with the kind permission by Ana Grković. Σχήματα/φωτογραφίες credits Η φωτογραφία του εξωφύλλου είναι του Jelle Devalez, και η επεξεργασία της φωτογραφίας του Χρήστου Καρδαμπίκη. Τα σχήματα (1a) και (3) του Κεφαλαίου (1) είναι ελεύθερα δικαιωμάτων αναπαραγωγής σύμφωνα με τους Δρ Dana Krempels και Δρ Andrew Young, αντίστοιχα. Οι φωτογραφίες των Κεφαλαίων (3) και (4) είναι της Ana Grković. 6 Thesis committee/ Εξεταστική Επιτροπή Advisory Committee/ Συμβουλευτική Επιτροπή 1. Theodora Petanidou, Professor, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean (Mytilene, Greece) (Dissertation Advisor). 2. Ante Vujić, Professor, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences (Novi Sad, Serbia). 3. Mihajla Djan, Associate Professor, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences (Novi Sad, Serbia). Examiners/ Επταμελής Εξεταστική Επιτροπή 1. Theodora Petanidou, Professor, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean (Mytilene, Greece). 2. Ante Vujić, Professor, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences (Novi Sad, Serbia). 3. Mihajla Djan, Associate Professor, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences (Novi Sad, Serbia). 4. Snežana Radenković, Associate Professor, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences (Novi Sad, Serbia). 5. Nevena Velićković, Assistant Professor, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences (Novi Sad, Serbia). 6. Dimitrios Avtzis, Senior Researcher, Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘Demeter’ (Thessaloníki, Greece). 7. Thomas Tscheulin, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean (Mytilene, Greece). 7 Publications Chroni, A., Stefanović, M., Djan, M., Vujić, A., Šašić Zorić, L., Kočiš Tubić, N., Petanidou, T. Connecting the dots: Bridging genetic to spatial differentiation of the genus Eumerus (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the Mediterranean Basin and the Balkans. Paper in prep. Chroni, A., Grković, A., Ačanski, J., Vujić, A., Radenković, S., Veličković, N., Djan, Μ., Petanidou, T. Is there more out there? Disentangling cryptic species complex and new species within Eumerus minotaurus group (Diptera: Syrphidae) based on integrative taxonomy and Aegean palaeogeography. Paper under revision in Contributions to Zoology. Grković, A., Vujić, A., Chroni, A., van Steenis, J., Đan, M., Radenković, S. (2017) Taxonomy and systematics of three species of the genus Eumerus Meigen, 1822 (Diptera: Syrphidae) new in southeastern Europe. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 270, 176–192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2017.10.007. Chroni, A., Djan, M., Vidaković, D.O., Petanidou, T., Vujić, A. (2017) Molecular species delimitation in the genus Eumerus (Diptera: Syrphidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 107(1), 126–138, http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007485316000729. Grković A., Vujić, A., Radenković, S., Chroni, A., Petanidou, T. (2015) Diversity of the genus Eumerus Meigen (Diptera, Syrphidae) on the eastern Mediterranean islands with description of three new species. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.), 51(4), 361–373, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2016.1144483. Conference Contributions Chroni, A., Djan, M., Obreht Vidaković, D., Vujić, A.,
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