Kwartet Smyczkowy W Muzyce Polskiej XIX Wieku

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Kwartet Smyczkowy W Muzyce Polskiej XIX Wieku Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza Wydział Historyczny Katedra Muzykologii Julia Gołębiowska Kwartet smyczkowy w muzyce polskiej XIX wieku Praca doktorska napisana pod kierunkiem prof. dr. hab. Ryszarda Daniela Golianka ISBN 978-83-65727-20-6 POZNAŃ 2014 Spis treści Wstęp ........................................................................................................................... 4 Rozdział 1. KONTEKST. Kwartet smyczkowy w muzyce europejskiej okresu klasyczno- romantycznego.......................................................................................................... 12 1.1. Geneza kwartetu smyczkowego ...................................................................... 12 1.2. Kwartet smyczkowy w okresie klasycyzmu wiedeńskiego ............................ 16 1.3. Quatuor concertant i quatuor brillant .............................................................. 25 1.4. Kwartet smyczkowy w pozostałych ośrodkach muzycznych XVIII-wiecznej Europy .................................................................................................................... 34 1.5. XIX-wieczny kwartet smyczkowy w krajach niemieckojęzycznych .............. 36 1.6. Kwartet w kręgu XIX-wiecznych szkół narodowych ..................................... 40 1.6.1. Francja ...................................................................................................... 40 1.6.2. Rosja ......................................................................................................... 42 1.6.3. Czechy ...................................................................................................... 44 1.6.4. Włochy ...................................................................................................... 45 1.6.5. Skandynawia ............................................................................................. 47 1.7. Podsumowanie ................................................................................................ 48 Rozdział 2. REPERTUAR. Twórcy kwartetu smyczkowego w muzyce polskiej XIX wieku 52 2.1. Twórczość na kwartet smyczkowy do połowy XIX wieku ............................ 52 2.1.1. Początki: muzyka kameralna na ziemiach polskich w XVIII wieku ........ 53 2.1.2. Kwartety smyczkowe w twórczości Józefa Elsnera, Karola Kurpińskiego i im współczesnych ............................................................................................. 56 2.1.3. Kwartety smyczkowe w twórczości absolwentów Szkoły Głównej Muzyki ............................................................................................................................ 64 2.2. Twórczość kwartetowa w II połowie XIX wieku ........................................... 71 2.2.1. Kwartety smyczkowe w twórczości uczniów Augusta Freyera i Stanisława Moniuszki ........................................................................................................... 75 2.2.2. Kwartety smyczkowe w twórczości Władysława Żeleńskiego i jego uczniów ............................................................................................................... 79 1 2.2.3. Kwartety smyczkowe w twórczości Zygmunta Noskowskiego i jego uczniów ............................................................................................................... 85 2.2.4. Pozostali twórcy kwartetów smyczkowych .............................................. 94 2.3. Podsumowanie ................................................................................................ 97 Rozdział 3. STYL. Techniki kompozytorskie w kwartetach smyczkowych polskich kompozytorów XIX wieku ..................................................................................... 100 3.1. Józef Elsner i wiedeński quatuor concertant ................................................. 100 3.2. Kwartety smyczkowe Franciszka Lessla i Karola Kurpińskiego – w kręgu stylistyki klasycyzmu wiedeńskiego .................................................................... 116 3.3. Styl brillant w kwartetach smyczkowych Lipińskiego, Kaczkowskiego i Duranowskiego .................................................................................................... 130 3.4. Wczesnoromantyczna twórczość kwartetowa (Dobrzyński, Krogulski, Moniuszko) .......................................................................................................... 136 3.5. Kwartety smyczkowe Zygmunta Noskowskiego i Władysława Żeleńskiego – w orbicie romantyzmu niemieckiego ................................................................... 149 3.6. Cykle wariacji na kwartet smyczkowy a szkoła kompozytorska Friedricha Kiela ..................................................................................................................... 163 3.7. Twórczość kwartetowa Witolda Maliszewskiego i Romana Statkowskiego 182 3.8. Późnoromantyczna twórczość kwartetowa (Waghalter, Krzyżanowska, Różycki) ............................................................................................................... 206 Rozdział 4. ESTETYKA. Znaczenie i wartość kwartetu smyczkowego w muzyce polskiej XIX wieku ............................................................................................................... 215 4.1. Kwartet smyczkowy w życiu muzycznym na ziemiach polskich w XIX wieku – tendencje ogólne................................................................................................ 215 4.2. Działalność rodzimych kwartetów smyczkowych ........................................ 220 4.3. Gościnne występy kwartetów zagranicznych ............................................... 243 4.4. Kwartetowy repertuar koncertowy ................................................................ 252 4.5. Znaczenie kwartetu smyczkowego w kontekście XIX-wiecznej europejskiej kultury muzycznej ................................................................................................ 259 Zakończenie ............................................................................................................ 263 Aneks 1 – Alfabetyczny wykaz kwartetów smyczkowych skomponowanych w latach 1785–1914 ................................................................................................ 267 2 Aneks 2 – Spisy tabel, ilustracji i przykładów nutowych ................................... 273 Spis tabel .............................................................................................................. 273 Spis ilustracji ........................................................................................................ 274 Spis przykładów nutowych .................................................................................. 274 Literatura cytowana............................................................................................... 280 Źródła ................................................................................................................... 280 Książki i artykuły ................................................................................................. 280 Materiały nutowe ................................................................................................. 287 3 Wstęp Głównym tematem i zamysłem niniejszej pracy jest monograficzne ujęcie historii gatunku kwartetu smyczkowego w polskiej kulturze muzycznej XIX wieku. Zasadniczym powodem podjęcia tej problematyki jest niewielki, w opinii autorki, stan dotychczasowej wiedzy na temat rodzimego dorobku kwartetowego. Mimo że w ostatnich latach można zaobserwować znaczący wzrost zainteresowania muzyką polską XIX wieku, to jednak dzieje kameralistyki w epoce klasyczno-romantycznej stanowią zagadnienie, które do tej pory w piśmiennictwie muzykologicznym nie doczekało się wyczerpującego opracowania. Obecny stan badań w tym zakresie jest nadal bardzo skromny i ogranicza się do kilku obszerniejszych pozycji poświęconych zarysowi historii gatunku kwartetu smyczkowego oraz do artykułów dotyczących dorobku wybranych kompozytorów. Trzeba zaznaczyć, że zasadnicza większość tych prac powstała stosunkowo dawno – przed kilkudziesięcioma laty, a zakres muzyki kameralnej wydaje się zdecydowanie pomijany w nowszych badaniach muzyki polskiej. Największe znaczenie w tym kontekście mają prace dwóch muzykologów: Włodzimierza Poźniaka i Tadeusza Przybylskiego. Pierwszy z nich jest autorem najbardziej szczegółowego, jak dotąd, przeglądu polskiej twórczości kameralnej (Muzyka kameralna i smyczkowa), zawartego w jednym z rozdziałów drugiego tomu pracy zbiorowej Z dziejów polskiej kultury muzycznej, wydanej w 1966 roku. Dokonana w nim charakterystyka dorobku poszczególnych twórców jest ogólnikowa, co wynika jednakże z charakteru i celu naukowego powyższej pozycji. Z tego samego czasu pochodzi także tom pokonferencyjny Z zagadnień muzyki kameralnej pod redakcją Poźniaka, zawierający materiały z sesji naukowej, która miała miejsce podczas Festiwalu Muzyki Kameralnej w Łańcucie w 1966 roku. Wśród ujętych w nim artykułów znajduje się m. in. tekst Poźniaka o tytule Stan badań nad polską muzyką kameralną XIX w., w którym badacz nakreślił zarys problematyki omawianego przedmiotu, wskazując jednocześnie na podstawową przeszkodę przy tego typu pracy badawczej, jaką jest brak źródeł nutowych lub utrudniony do nich dostęp. Drugi z wymienionych powyżej muzykologów, Tadeusz Przybylski, jest z kolei autorem wielu artykułów odnoszących się do twórczości wybranych kompozytorów, by wymienić Zapomniane kwartety smyczkowe kompozytorów polskich II połowy XIX wieku: Paderewskiego, Pankiewicza, Rutkowskiego, Żeleńskiego; Twórczość
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