List of City Name Changes

Home , Alluitsoq, Almazna, Bereket, Bodrum, Calama (Numidia), Carvalho

List of city name changes

This is a list of cities and towns whose names were oﬃ- 4 Angola cially changed at one or more points in history. It does not include gradual changes in spelling that took place • Amboim → Cabela → Gabela over long periods of time. see also: Geographical renaming and Names of European • Benguella → Benguela (1975) cities in diﬀerent languages. • Cabinda → Tchiowa (proposed)

• Carmona → Uíge (1975) 1 Afghanistan • Concelho → Caconda (1975) • Alexandria Ariana → Herat • Henrique de Carvalho → Saurimo (1975) • Alexandria Arachosia → Kandahar • Huambo → Nova Lisboa → Huambo (1975) • Alexandria in Opiania → Ghazni • Loanda → Luanda (1975) • Alexandria on the Oxus → Al-Khanoum • • Bactra → Balkh Moçâmedes → Namibe (1985) • Adina Pur → Jalalabad • Novo Redondo → Sumbe (1975) • Kissonde → Benguela → Benguela Velha → Porto 2 Albania Amboim (1923) → Gunza/Porto Gabela (proposed) • Porto Alexandre → Tombwe/Tombua • Dyrrachium → Durazzo → Durrës • Robert Williams town/Vila Robert Williams → • Alessio → Lezhë Caála (1975) • Scutari → Shkodrë • Sá da Bandeira → Lubango

• São Salvador → M'banza-Kongo (1975) 3 Algeria • Santa Comba → Waku-Kungo (1975) • Ikosium → Icosium → Algiers • Santo António do Zaire → Soyo • Géryville → El Bayadh • Serpa Pinto → Menongue (1975) • Cirta → Constantine • Silva Porto → Kuito/Cuito (1975) • Hippo Regius → Bône → Annaba • Teixeira da Silva → Bailundo/Bailunda • Rusicade → Philippeville → Skikda • • Castellum Tingitanum → Orléansville → El Asnam Teixeira de Sousa → Luau (1975) → Chlef • Vila Luso → Luena (1975) • Malaca → Calama → Guelma • Vila Salazar → N'dalatando (1975) • Colomb-Béchar → Béchar • Saint André de Mers-el-Kébir → Mers-el-Kébir 5 Argentina • Saldae → Bougie → Béjaïa • Fort Laperrine → Tamanrasset • La Plata → Ciudad Eva Perón → La Plata

1 2 9 AZERBAIJAN

6 Armenia • Mayday Hills → Beechworth (NSW) • Bendigo’s Creek → Sandhurst → Bendigo (VIC) See List of renamed cities in Armenia • Dumbletown → Beverly Hills (NSW) • Akhta → Hrazdan • Emu Bay → Burnie (TAS) • Alagyoz → Tsakhkahovit → Aragats (1950) • Port Darwin → Palmerston → Darwin (NT) • Artashat → Verin Ghamarlu → Artashat (1962) • Germanton → Holbrook (NSW) • Basarkechar → Vardenis (1945) • Limestone Station → Ipswich (QLD) • Dadakishlag → Akhundov → Punik • Bearbrass → Melbourne (VIC) • Davalou → Ararat (1935) • Mobilong → Murray Bridge (SA) • Dyuzkand → Akhuryan (1950) • Blackman’s Flat → Orange (NSW) • Geryusi → Goris (1924) • Currajong → Parkes (NSW) • Hamamlou → Spitak (1948) • Belfast → Port Fairy (VIC) • Jalaloghlou → Stepanavan (1930) • Flooding Creek → Sale (VIC) • Ghapan → Kapan (1990) • McGuire’s Punt → Sheppardtown → Shepparton • Karaklis → Kirovakan (1935) → Vanadzor (1993) (VIC)

• Krasnoselsk → Chambarak (1993) • Newcastle → Toodyay (WA)

• Kumayri → Alexandropol (1840) → Leninakan • Hummock Hill → Whyalla (SA) (1924) → Gyumri (1990) • Kyavar → Novo-Bayazet/Nor Bayazet (1830) → 8 Austria Kamo (1959) → Gavar (1996)

• Lusavan → Charentsavan (1967) • Vindobona → Wien (Vienna)

• Nerkin Karanlough → Martuni (1926)

• Sardarapat → Hoktemberyan (1932) → Armavir 9 Azerbaijan (1992) See List of renamed cities in Azerbaijan • Soylan → Azizbekov (1956) → Vayk (1994)

• Nubarashen → Sovetashen → Nubarashen • Mardakert → Ağdərə (1991, change not recognized by the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic which controls • Uloukhanlou → Narimanlou → Zangibasar → Raz- this city) dan → Masis • Aşağı Ağcakənd → Şaumyanovsk (1938) → Aşağı • Vagharshapat → Echmiadzin (1941) → Vagharsha- Ağcakənd (1990) pat (1991) • Astraxan-Bazar → Cəlilabad (1967) • Vorontsovka → Kalinino (1937) → Tashir (1991) • Beyləqan → Zhdanov (1939) → Beyləqan (1991) • 7 Australia Biləsuvar → Puşkino (1938) → Biləsuvar (1991) • Dəvəçi → Şabran (2010) See also: Australian place names changed from German • Duvannı → Sanqaçal names • Gəncə → Elisabethpol (1805) → Gəncə (1918) → Kirovabad (1935) → Gəncə (1989) • Stuart → Alice Springs (NT) • Goranboy → Qasım-İsmayılov (1938) → Goranboy • Ballaarat → Ballarat (VIC) (1990) 3

• Helenendorf → Yelenino → Xanlar (1938) → • Berestie (Берестье) (historical ruthenian name) → Göygöl (2008) Brześć Litewski (polish name) → Brest-Litovsk (Брест-Литовск) (Russian name since 19th century • Karyagino → Füzuli (1959) as transcribed from Polish*) → Brest (Брест) (*) → Brest (Брэст)/Bierascie (Берасце) (informal) • Xonaşen → Martuni → Xocavənd (1991, change not recognized by the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic • Horodno (Городно) (historical ruthenian name) → which controls this city) Grodno (polish name) → Grodno (Гродно) (Rus- • Noraşen → İliç[evsk] → Şərur (1991) sian name since 19th century as transcribed from Polish) → Hrodna (Гродна)/Harodnia (Гародня) • Petropavlovka → Petropavlovsk → Sabirabad (informal) (1931) • Novohorodok (Новогородокъ) (historical ruthe- • Port-Ilich → Liman (1999) nian name) → Nowogródek (polish name) → Novo- grudok (Новогрудок) (Russian name since 19th • Prishib → Göytəpə century as transcribed from Polish) → Navahrudak • Qutqaşen → Qəbələ (1991) (Навагрудак)/Navaharodak (Навагародак) (informal)/Navahradak (Наваградак) (informal) • Şəki → Nuxa (1840) → Şəki (1968) • Mery, Myory (Меры) (historical ruthenian name) • Şəmkir → Şamxor → Şəmkir (1991) → Miory (polish name) → Miory (Миоры) (Russian name since 19th century as transcribed from Polish) • Tərtər → Mir-Bəşir (1949) → Tərtər (1991) → Mijory (Міёры)/Miory (Мёры) (informal) • Traubenfeld → Vinogradnoe Pole → Tovuz • Feni→ Heni • Vartaşen → Oğuz (1991)

• Xankəndi → Stepanakert (1923) → Xankəndi (1991, change not recognized by the Nagorno- 12 Belgium Karabakh Republic which controls this city) • Charnoy (hamlet) → Charleroi (1666) • Yelizavetinka → Lüksemburq → Ağstafa (1939)

• Yeni Şamaxı → Ağsu • Atuatuca Tungrorum (= Aduatuca Tongrorum) → Tongeren • Zubovka → Əli-Bayramlı (1938) → Şirvan (2008)

• Pirçivan → Zəngilan (1957) 13 Botswana (formerly Bechuanaland) 10 Bangladesh • Gaberones → Gaborone (1969) • Jahangir Nagar → Dacca → Dhaka

• Chittagong → Chotogram *(both are used as both English and Bengali are oﬃcial languages of 14 Bosnia and Herzegovina Bangladesh)

• Bosanska Gradiška → Gradiška

11 Belarus • Drvar → Titov Drvar (1981) → Drvar (1991)

See List of renamed cities in Belarus • Hvoča → Foča → Srbinje → Foča

• Mien’sk (Мѣньскъ) (historical ruthenian name) → • Delminium → Županjac → Županj-potok → Žu- Mińsk Litewski (polish name) → Minsk (Минск) panjac → Duvno → Tomislavgrad → Duvno → (Russian name since 19th century as transcribed Tomislavgrad from Polish) → Minsk (Мінск)/Miensk (Менск) (informal) • Salines → Soli → Tuzla 4 18 CANADA

15 Brazil • Ortaköy → Ivailovgrad • Pautalia → Velbazhd → Köstendil → Kyustendil • Adolfo Konder → Vidal Ramos • Golyama Kutlovitsa → Kutlofça → Ferdinand → • Hamônia → Ibirama Mihailovgrad → Montana • Hansa Humboldt → Corupá • Mesembria → Misivri→ Nesebar • Jabaeté → Viana • Tatar Pazardzhik → Pazardzhik • Neu-Zürich → Dalbérgia → Neu Breslau → • Plevne → Pleven Presidente Getúlio • Kendros (Kendrisos/Kendrisia) → Odryssa → Eu- • Nossa Senhora do Desterro → Florianópolis molpia → Philipopolis → Trimontium → Ulpia → Flavia → Julia → Paldin/Ploudin → Poulpoudeva → • Nova Danzig → Cambé Filibe → Plovdiv • Paraíba → João Pessoa • Ruschuk (Rusčuk) → Rousse • Porto Acre → Xapuri • Kolarovgrad → Şumnu → Shumen • Porto dos Casais → Porto Alegre • Durostorum → Dorostol → Drastar → Silistre → • São José da Barra do Rio Negro → Manaus Silistra • • São José del Rey → Tiradentes Bashmakli → Ahiçelebi → Smolyan • • Veado → Siqueira Campos → Guaçuí Serdica → Sredets → Triaditsa → Sofya →Soﬁa • • Vila do Espírito Santo → Vila Velha Apolonia → Sozopolis → Süzebolu→ Sozopol • • Vila Nova do Espírito Santo → Vitória Beroe → Vereya (Beroya) → Ulpia Augusta Trajana → Irinopolis → Boruy → Vereya → Eski Zağra → • Vila Rica → Ouro Preto Zheleznik → Stara Zagora • Eski Dzhumaia (Eski Cuma) → Targovishte 16 Brunei • Vassiliko → Tsarevo → Michurin → Tsarevo • Odesos → Varna → Stalin → Varna • Brunei Town (Bandar Brunei) → Bandar Seri Be- gawan (1970) • Tarnovgrad → Tarnovo → Tırnova → Tarnovo → Veliko Tarnovo • Brooketon → Muara • Bononia → Bdin → Vidin • Padang Berawa → Seria • Vratitsa → Ivraca→ Vratsa 17 Bulgaria 18 Canada • Agatopolis → Ahtabolu → Ahtopol • Ratiaria → Archar 18.1 Alberta • Scaptopara → Cuma-i Bala (Yukarı Cuma) → • Hobbema → Maskwacis Gorna Dzhumaya → Blagoevgrad • Orhanie → Botevgrad 18.2 British Columbia

• Scaphida → Pyrgos → Burgaz → Burgas • Fort George → Prince George • Hadzhioglu Pazardzhik → Tolbuhin → Dobrich • Fort Camosun → Fort Victoria → Victoria • Diranava → Dryanovo • Westbank → West Kelowna • Dupniche → Marek → Stanke Dimitrov → Dupnitsa • Wu'muthkweyum → Vancouver • Nevrokop → Gotse Delchev • ch’átlich → Sechelt 18.9 Saskatchewan 5

18.3 Manitoba 18.9 Saskatchewan

• Prince of Wales Fort → Churchill • Pile o' Bones → Regina • Prussia → Leader 18.4 New Brunswick

• Fort LaTour → Saint John 19 Chad

• Léger Corner → Dieppe • Faya → Largeau → Faya-Largeau → Faya (proposed) • Ste. Anne’s Point → Fredericton • Fort Archambault → Sarh 18.5 Nunavut • Fort-Foureau → Kousséri • Fort Lamy → N'Djamena • Frobisher Bay → Iqaluit

18.6 Ontario 20 China

• Berlin → Kitchener, Ontario. Changed in 1916 due • Amoy† → Hsia-men† → Xiamen to Canadian involvement in the First World War, • Ji → Yanjing → Zhongdu → Dadu → Jingshi → named after Lord Kitchener see Berlin to Kitchener Khanbalik (as Mongol capital) → Peking † → Peip- name change ing → Beijing • [1] Hens and Chicken’s Harbour → Collingwood • Canton† → Guangzhou • New Johnstown → Cornwall • Chang'an → Xi'an • Rat Portage → Kenora • Chinchow† → Jinzhou

• Fort Frontenac → Kingston • Chungking† → Chongqing • • Ebytown → Berlin → Kitchener (see Berlin to Kitch- Iling → Ichang† → Yichang ener name change) • Jinling → Nanking† → Nanjing • Newark → Niagara-on-the-Lake • Kirin† → Jilin • Bytown → Ottawa • Bianliang → Bianjing → Kaifeng

• Shipman’s Corners → St. Catharines • Lin'an → Hangchow† → Hangzhou • • Sainte-Anne-des-Pins → Sudbury → Greater Sud- Soochow† - Suzhou bury • Yinxu → Anyang • Fort Rouillé → Toronto → York → Toronto • Tan-tung† → Andong → Dandong • Aqueduct → Merritsville → Welland • Tientsin† → Tianjin • Shenyang → Shengjing → Fengtianfu → Mukden → 18.7 Prince Edward Island Fengtian → Shenyang • Ch'ing-ni-wa† → Lüshunkou (aka Port Arthur) → • Port la Joie → Charlottetown Dalnyi → Dairen; Ryojun → Luda → Dalian • Swatow† → Shan-t'ou → Shantou 18.8 Québec • Tsinan† → Chi-nan → Jinan • Hochelaga → Ville-Marie → Mont-Royal → Montreal †Name change in English due to replacement of outdated methods such as the postal romanization with the pinyin • Stadacona → Québec City method. The Chinese name is unchanged. 6 23 CROATIA

21 Colombia • Costermansstad = Costermansville (colonial) → Bukavu • Bacatá → Santa Fe de Bacatá → Bogotá → Santa Fe • Elisabethstad = Elisabethville (colonial) → de Bogotá → Bogotá Lubumbashi • Obando → Puerto Inírida → Inirida • Jadotstad = Jadotville (colonial) → Likasi • Patriarca San José → Cúcuta → San José de Cucúta • Leopoldstad = Léopoldville (colonial) → Kinshasa → Cúcuta • Luluaburg/ Luluabourg (colonial) → Kananga • Valle de Upar → Ciudad de los Santos Reyes de Valledupar → Valle Dupar → Valledupar • Bangala Station → Nieuw-Antwerpen = Nouvelle- Anvers (colonial) → Makanza • Nuestra Señora Santa María de los Remedios del Cabo de la Vela → Nuestra Señora de los Remedios • Ponthierstad/Ponthierville (colonial) → Ubundu del Río de la Hacha → Riohacha • Port Franqui → Ilebo • Barbudo → Santiago de Sompayón → Tamalameque • → Santiago de Sompayón Nuestra Señora de la Can- Stanleystad = Stanleyville (colonial) → Kisangani delaria de El Banco → El Banco • San Jerónimo de Buenavista → Pereira 23 Croatia • Apiay → Villavicencio • Ragusa → Dubrovnik • Pueblo Viejo →San Francisco de Quibdó → Quibdó • Tinum (Latin; Hungarian: Tinin; Italian: Tenin) → • San Bonifacio de Ibagué del valle de las Lanzas → Knin Ibagué • Mursa → Essegg, Eszék → Osijek • Villaviciosa de la Concepción de la Provincia de Hatunllacta → Villaviciosa de la Concepción de San • Pola → Pula Juan de los Pastos → San Juan de Pasto • Sankt Veit am Fluß (German) → Fiume (Italian) → • San Antonio → Leticia Rijeka

• Santa Cruz de Pizarro → Santa Cruz de San José → • Sebenico → Šibenik Sitionuevo → Sitio Nuevo • Spalatum (Latin) → Spalato → Spljet → Split • Villa Holguín→ Armenia • Τραγύριον, Tragyrion or Τραγούριον, Tragourion (Greek) → Tragurium (Latin) → Traù (Italian) → Trogir 22 Democratic Republic of the • Congo (Ex-Belgian Congo, Ex- Iader → Jadera → Zara → Zadar Zaire) • Agram, Zagrab → Zagreb • Buccari → Bakar Main article: Former place names in the Democratic • Republic of the Congo Zaravecchia → Biograd na Moru • Pinguente → Buzet A number of places became towns/cities under a Belgian • Cherso → Cres colonial name, or rather two: in Dutch (often ending in -stad) and French (often ending in -ville, also meaning • Cirquenizza → Crikvenica 'town') (the Belgian oﬃcial languages), but were later renamed in native languages, such as : • Castelli → Kaštela • Castua → Kastav • Albertstad = Albertville (colonial) → Kalemie • Comiza → Komiža • Boudewijnstad = Baudoinville (colonial) → Kirungu • Curzola → Korčula • Coquilhatstad = Coquihatville (colonial) → Mbandaka • Porto Re → Kraljevica 25.1 Greenland 7

• Albona → Labin 25.1 Greenland • Laurana → Lovran • Friedrichstal → Frederiksdal → Narsarmijit (Narsaq Kujalleq) • Lesina → Hvar • Godthaab → Godthåb → Nuuk • Lussinpiccolo → Mali Lošinj • • Nona → Nin Lichtenau → Alluitsoq

• Cittanova (d'Istria) → Novigrad • Lichtenfels → Akunnat

• Abbazia → Opatija • Neu-Herrnhut → Nye-Hernhut → Noorlit → Nuuk

• Pagu → Pag

• Pisino → Pazin 26 Dominican Republic

• Pozzo Littorio d'Arsia → Piedalbona → Podlabin • Santo Domingo → Ciudad Trujillo (1936–1961) → Santo Domingo • Parenzo → Poreč

• Rovigno → Rovinj 27 Egypt • Segnia → Senj

• Dignano → Vodnjan Many cities had Ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Latin names • Vodizze → Vodice • Syene → Aswan

24 Czech Republic • Iunyt, Ta-senet → Latopolis → Laton → Lato → Esna • Cukmantl (Zuckmantel) → Zlaté Hory

• Falknov (Falkenau) → Sokolov 28 Equatorial Guinea • Frývaldov (Freiwaldau) → Jeseník • Port Clarence → Santa Isabel → Malabo • Německý Brod (Deutsch Brod) → Havlíčkův Brod

• Německé Jablonné (Deutsch Gabel) → Jablonné v Podještědí 29 Estonia

• Unterwielands (Cmunt) → České Velenice → See List of renamed cities in Estonia Gmünd-Bahnhof (Gmünd III) → České Velenice

• Zlín (Zlin) → Gottwaldov → Zlín • Kuressaare → Kingissepa (1952) → Kuressaare (1988) • Budweis → České Budějovice • Reval/Revel → Tallinna (1918) → Tallinn (early • Pilsen → Plzeň 1920s) • Karlsbad → Karlovy Vary • Dorpat/Derpt → Jurjev (1893) → Tartu (1918) • Reichenberg → Liberec 30 Finland 25 Denmark • Mustasaari/Mussor → Wasa → Nikolais- Ārōs → Århus → Aarhus (2011) tad/Nikolainkaupunki → Vasa/Vaasa 8 32 GAMBIA

31 France • Iuliomagus → Angers • Lapurdum → Bayonne Most cities had an ancient name, usually in Latin, often of older Celtic origin • Limonum → Poitiers

• Agedincum → Sens • (Colonia Copia Claudia Augusta) Lugdunum (Lug- dunensis) → Lyon • Aginnum → Agen • Lugdunum Convenarum → Saint-Bertrand-de- • Andemantunum → Langres Comminges • Antipolis → Antibes • Lugdunum Clavatum → Laon • Aquae Sextiae → Aix-en-Provence • Lugdunum Consoranorum → Saint-Lizier • Arausio → Orange • Lutetia → Paris • Arelate → Arles • Massilia → Marseille • Argentoratum → Strassburg → Strasbourg • • Augustobona → Troyes Matisco → Mâcon • Augustodunum → Autun • Mediolanium → Saintes

• Augustodurum → Bayeux • Mediolanum Aulercorum → Évreux

• Augustonemetum → Clermont-Ferrand • Metis → Metz • Autessiodurum → Auxerre • Narbo Martius → Narbonne • Autricum → Carnotum → Chartres • Nemausus → Nîmes • Avaricum → Bourges • Nemetacum → Arras • Avennio → Avignon • Noviodunum Aeduorum → Nevirnum → Nevers • Bagacum → Bavai • Rotomagus → Rouen • Burdigala → Bordeaux • • Caesarodunum → Tours Samarobriva → Amiens • Carcaso → Carcassonne • Segodunum → Rodez • Cenabum → Cenabum Aureliani → Aurelianum → • Senones → Sens Orléans • Strasburg → Strasbourg • Condevicnum → Portus Namnetum → Nantes • Tolosa → Toulouse • Cularo → Gratianopolis → Grenoble • Valentia → Valence, Drôme • Divodurum → Metz • • Divona → Cahors Vesontio → Besançon • Durocortorum → Reims • Vienna → Vienne

• Elimberris → Auch • Wissemburg → Wissembourg • Forum Iulii → Fréjus • Gesocribate → Brest 32 Gambia • Gesoriacum → Bononia → Bonen (aan zee)/ Boulogne-sur-Mer • Bathurst → Banjul (1973) • Iluro → Oléron • Georgetown → Janjanbureh 9

33 Georgia 34 Germany

See List of renamed cities in Georgia see also List of cities and towns in East Prussia for towns now in Poland, Russia or Lithuania

• Aghbulakhi → Tetritsq'aro (1940) • Aquisgranum → Aix La Chapelle → Aachen

• Baghdati → Maiakovski (1940) → Baghdati (1990) • Arckenow → Erkenau → Erkener → Erkner • • Barmaksizi → Tsalka (1932) Augusta Treverorum → Trier • Augusta Vindelicorum → Augsburg • Bashkicheti → Dmanisi (1947) • Aurelia Aquensi → Baden-Baden • Altunkale → Bogdanovka (1829) → Ninotsminda • Barmen-Elberfeld → Wuppertal (1991) • Batavis → Passau • Dioscurias → Savastapolis → Tskhumi → So- humkale → Sukhumi • Bona → Bonn • Bötzow → Oranienburg • Elisabethtal → Asureti (1943) • Bremerhaven → Wesermünde → Bremerhaven • Martvili → Gegechkori → Martvili (1990) • Buchhorn → Friedrichshafen

• Kvirila → Jugeli (1920) → Zestafoni (1921) • Castellum apud Conﬂuentes → Koblenz

• Karaiazi → Gardabani (1947) • Castra Regina → Regensburg • Chemnitz → Karl-Marx-Stadt → Chemnitz • Khashuri → Mikhailovo (1872) → Khashuri (1918) → Stalinisi (1931) → Khashuri (1934) • Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium → Cologne (Köln) • Chörük-Qamarli → Katarinenfeld (1817) → Lük- • semburgi (1921) → Bolnisi (1943) Colonia Nemetum → Speyer • Constantia → Konstanz • Stepantsminda → Kazbegi → Stepantsminda (2006) • Everswolde → Neustadt-Eberswalde → Eberswalde- • Akhalgori → Leningori → Akhalgori (1991) Finow • Fürstenberg (Oder) → Stalinstadt → • Ozurgeti → Makharadze → Ozurgeti (1990) Eisenhüttenstadt

• Kharagauli → Orjonikidze → Kharagauli (1990) • Klenow → Ludwigslust • • Sarvan → Borchalo (1929) → Marneuli (1947) Lietzow → Lietzenburg → Charlottenburg • Liubice → Lübeck • Senaki → Mikha-Tskhakaia (1935) → Tskhakaia (1976) → Senaki (1989) • Lochau → Annaburg • • Shulavery → Shahumiani (1925) → Shulaveri Moguntiacum → Mainz→ Mayence → Mainz (1991) • Münden → Hannoversch Münden → Hann. Mün- den • Trialeti → Molotovo (1940) → Trialeti (1957) • Neustadt → Dorotheenstadt (in 1710 incorporated • Tsarskiye Kolodtsy → Tsitelitskaro (1921) → into Berlin) Dedoplistskaro (1991) • Rixdorf → Neukölln (in 1920 incorporated into Berlin) • Tskhinvali → Staliniri (1934) → Tskhinvali (1961) • Sarre-Louis → Sarre-Libre → Saarlouis → Saar- • Khoni → Tsulukidze → Khoni (1990) lautern → Saarlouis 10 39 INDIA

• Syburg → Carlshaven → Bad Karlshafen 39 India • Sorviodurum → Straubing See also: List of renamed Indian public places • Stadt des KdF-Wagens bei Fallersleben → Wolfsburg • Bangalore → Bengaluru (2006) • Starigard → Aldinborg → Oldenburg in Holstein • Madras → Chennai (changed August 1996)

• Vörde → Bremervörde • Fort William → Calcutta → Kolkata (January 2001) • Mumba → Boa Baia → Bombay → Mumbai (1996) 35 Greece • New Bombay → Navi Mumbai • Mangalore → Mangaluru • Banitsa → Vevi • Mysore → Mysuru • Boimitsa → Axioupoli • Kanhiyapur → Cawnpore → Kanpur (1948) • • Kailar → Ptolemaida Baroda → Vadodra • Pataliputra → Patna • Khandak → Candia → Heraklion • Pondicherry → Puducherry • Lamia → Zitouni → Lamia • Poona → Pune

See also: Former toponyms in Greece and list • Qila Rai Pithora → Siri → Tughluqabad → Jahan- compiled by the Institute for Neohellenic Re- panah → Kotla Firoz Shah → Purana Qila → Shah- search jahanabad → Delhi • Trivandrum → Thiruvananthapuram 36 Guyana • Quilon → Kollam • Aleppey → Alappuzha • Wismar-MacKenzie-Christianburg → Linden • Cochin → Kochi • Calicut → Kozhikode 37 Hong Kong • Chirayinkil → Chirayinkeezhu • Kattachakonam → Kesavadasapuram • Un Long → Yuen Long • Palghat → Palakkad • Thrishivaperur → Trichur → Thrissur 38 Hungary • Cannanore → Kannur • Dunapentele → Sztálinváros (1951) → Dunaújváros • Saket→Ayodhya (1961) • Indravati → Umravti → Amravati • Fünfkirchen → Pécs • Tanjore → Thanjavur • Gran → Esztergom • Lakshmanpuri → Lakhanpur → Lakhnau → Lucknow • Tiszaszederkény → Leninváros (1970) → • Tiszaújváros (1990) Thirusirappalli → Trichinopoly → Trichy → Tiruchirappalli • Waitzen → Vác • Jeypore → Jaipur • • Orissa →Odisha 11

• Ootacamund → Udhagamandalam • Shapur → Salmas • Mapuça → Mapusa • Saujbulagh → Mahabad • Panjim → Panaji • Gonapa → Gonabad • Vizagapatam → Visakhapatnam • Belgaum → Belagavi • Hubli → Hubballi 42 Ireland • Gulbarga → Kalburgi • Bagenalstown → Muine Bheag (1932) • Bijapur → Vijayapura • Charleville → Ráth Luirc (1920s) • Banaras → Varanasi • Cove → Queenstown (1849) → Cobh (1922)

40 Indonesia • Dún Laoghaire → Kingstown (1821) → Dún Laoghaire (1922) • Bandar Aceh Darussalam → Kutaradja → Banda Aceh • Edgeworthstown → Mostrim (1935) → Edgeworthstown (1974) • Bangkahulu → Bencoolen → Bengkulu • • Buitenzorg → Bogor Fethard → Fethard-on-Sea (1914)

• Emma Haven → Teluk Bayur • Kells → Ceannanus Mór (1929) → Kells (1993) • (Sunda) Kelapa (397–1527) → Jayakarta (1527– • Kingwilliamstown → Ballydesmond (1951) 1619) → Batavia (1619–1949) → Djakarta (1949– 1972) → Jakarta • Lisbrack → Newtownforbes (1750) • Port Numbay → Hollandia → Kota Baru → Sukarnopura → Jayapura • Maryborough → Port Laoise (1929) • Makasar → Ujungpandang → Makassar • Navan → An Uaimh (1922) → Navan (1971) • Meester Cornelis → Djatinegara → Jatinegara • Newbridge → Droichead Nua (1930s) • Tanjungkarang-Telukbetung → Bandar Lampung • • Telanaipura → Jambi Newtownbarry → Bunclody (1950)

• Parsonstown → Birr (1920s) 41 Iran • Philipstown → Daingean (1922) • Qaradağ → Arasbaran • Ecbatana → Hagmatana → Hamadan 43 Israel • Saraskand → Hashtrud • • Aspadana → Isfahan Acre → Ptolemais → Acre → Akko/Akka

• Behdesīr → Kerman (10th century A.D.) • Yvus/Shalem → Yerushalayim → Ilea Capitolina → Bayt al-Maqdis → Al-Quds → Yerushalayim/Al- • Kivi → Kowsar Quds (Jerusalem) • Malek Kandi → Malekan • Ashkelon → Ascalon (Majdal) → Ashqelon • Khiyov → Meshginshahr • Joppa → Jaﬀa → Tel Aviv-Yafo • Araplar → Poldasht • Khorasan → Sain Qaleh • Raanania→ Ra'anana 12 45 JAPAN

44 Italy • Potentia → Potenza • Rhegium → Reggio di Calabria See also: Prontuario dei nomi locali dell'Alto Adige • Roma → Colonia Lucia Annia Commodiana → Roma (English Rome) From history, most Italian cities have Latin names, some have Greek or Etruscan names. • Salernum → Salerno • Syrakusai → Siracusa (English Syracuse) • Akragas → Agrigentum → Girgenti → Agrigento • Taras → Tarentum → Taranto • Ariminum → Rimini • Vicetia → Vicenza • Augusta Taurinorum → Torino (English and French Turin) • Barium → Bari 45 Japan • Maleventum → Beneventum → Benevento • Akamagaseki → Shimonoseki (1902) • Bergomum → Bergamo • Asahi → Owariasahi (1970) • Brixia → Brescia • Edo → Tokyo (1868) • Brundisium → Brindisi • Fuchū → Shizuoka (1869) • Carales → Cagliari • Fukase → Matsumoto (1582) • Comum → Como • Goka → Hiroshima (1591) • Consentia → Cosenza • Hiroshima → Kitahiroshima (1996) • Drepanum → Trapani • Hizaori → Asaka (1932) • Felsina → Bononia → Bologna • Imahama → Nagahama (1575) • Florentia → Firenze (English Florence) • Kameyama → Kameoka (1869) • Genua → Genova (English Genoa) • Kōriyama → Yamatokōriyama (1954) • Henna → Castrogiovanni → Enna • Koromo → Toyota (1959) • Kroton → Crotona → Crotone • Kozukata → Morioka (Keichō era) • Lavinium → Lavinio • Kurokawa → Wakamatsu → Aizuwakamatsu (1955) • Littoria → Latina • Kurume → Higashikurume (1970) • Mantua → Mantova (English Mantua) • Murayama → Musashimurayama (1970) • Mediolanum → Milan (Milano) • Nagaoka → Nagaokakyō (1972) • Messana → Messina • Naniwa → Ōsaka • Mussolinia di Sardegna → Arborea • Ōminatotanabu → Mutsu (1960) • Mutina → Modena • Ōmiya → Hitachiōmiya (2004) • Neapolis → Napolis → Napoli (English Naples) • Ōta → Hitachiōta (1954) • Olbia → Terranova Pausania → Olbia • Ōtsu → Kotsu (672) → Ōtsu (794) • Panormus → Palermo • Ōtsu → Izumiōtsu (1942) • Patavium → Padova (English Padua) • Sano → Izumisano (1948) • Pisae → Pisa • Sayama → Ōsakasayama (1987) • Placentia → Piacenza • Shinobu → Fukushima (1592) 13

• Takada → Bungotakada (1954) • Chimkent → Shymkent (Kazakh: Шымкент) (1993) • Takada → Yamatotakada (1948) • Leninsk → Baikonur (Kazakh: Байқоңыр) (1995) • Takaoka → Hirosaki (1628) • Ak-Mechet → Fort-Perovsky (1853) → Per- • Tanabe → Kyōtanabe (1997) ovsk (1858) → Kyzyl-Orda (1925) → Kyzylorda • Tsudanuma → Narashino (1954) (Kazakh: Қызылорда) (1996) • • Yamato → Higashiyamato (1970) Alexeyevka → Akkol (Kazakh: Ақкөл) (1997) • Kustanay → Kostanay (Kazakh: Қостанай) (1997) 46 Jordan • Talas → Aulie-Ata (1856) → Mirzoyan (1936) → Jambul (1938) → Zhambyl (1993) → Taraz (Kazakh: Тараз) (1997) • Philadelphia → Amman • Akmolinsk → Tselinograd (1961) → Akmola (1992) → Astana (Kazakh: Астана) (1998) 47 Kazakhstan • Aktyubinsk → Aktobe (Kazakh: Ақтөбе) (1999)

See List of renamed cities in Kazakhstan • Ridder → Leningorsk (1941) → Ridder (Kazakh: Риддер) (2002) • Yasi → Shavgar (?) → Turkestan (Kazakh: • Semipalatinsk → Semey (Kazakh: Семей) (2007) Түркістан) (?)

• Novopetrovskoye → Fort Alexandrovsky (1857) → Fort-Shevchenko (1939) 48 Kenya • Ayakoz → Sergiopol (1860) → Ayagoz (Kazakh: • Аягөз) (1939) Broderick Falls → Webuye • • Aktau → Shevchenko (1964) → Aktau (Kazakh: Fort Hall → Muranga Ақтау) (1991) • Thompson Falls → Nyahururu • Dzharkent → Panﬁlov (1942) → Zharkent (Kazakh: Жаркент) (1991) 49 Korea • Guryev → Atyrau (Kazakh: Атырау) (1991)

• Yaitsk → Uralsk (1775) → Oral (Kazakh: Орал) 49.1 North Korea (1991) • Sinuiju → Shingishū → Sinuiju • Verniy → Alma-Ata (1921) → Almaty (Kazakh: Алматы) (1992) • Wanggeom-seong → Pyongyang → Seogyeong → Pyongyang → Heijō → Pyongyang • Dzhezkazgan → Zhezkazgan (Kazakh: Жезқазған) (1992) • Wonsanjin → Genzan → Wonsan

• Novy Uzen → Zhanaozen (Kazakh: Жаңаөзен) • Songjin → Kimchaek (1992) • Kaesong → Gaeseong • Ust-Kamennaya → Ust-Kamenogorsk (1868) → Oskemen (Kazakh: Өскемен) (1992) 49.2 South Korea • Chu → Shu (Kazakh: Шу) (1992) • Tamra → Cheju → Jeju • Yermak → Aksu (Kazakh: Ақсу) (1993) • Dalgubeol → Taegu → Daegu • Kokchetav → Kokshetau (Kazakh: Көкшетау) (1993) • Dongrae → Fusan → Pusan → Busan

• Gavrilovka → Taldy-Kurgan (1920) → Taldykorgan • Duingji-hyeon → Yeongi-hyeon → Jeongi-gun → (Kazakh: Талдықорған) (1993) Yŏn'gi → Yeongi → Sejong 14 55 LITHUANIA

• Gulahwa Usisan → Uhwa → Heungrye-bu → • Haynasch → Ainaži (1917) Gonghwa-hyeon → Ulju → Ulsan • Marienburg → Alūksne (~1750) • Hanbat → Taejŏn → Daejeon • Vecauce → Auce (1924) • Mujin → Muju → Kwangju → Gwangju • Mitau → Mītava → Jelgava (~1860) • Hansanju → Hanyang → Hanseong → Gyeongseong → Seoul • Wolmar → Valmiera (parallel use until the 1920s)

• Michuhol → Soseong-hyeon → Gyeongwon-bu → Chemulpo → Inchon → Chemulpo → Inch'ŏn → 53 Lebanon Incheon

• Ungjin → Kongju → Gongju • Berytus → Beirut

• Heliopolis → Baalbek

50 Kyrgyzstan • Sidon → Saida • See List of renamed cities in Kyrgyzstan Derbly, (W)Ahlia, Mahal(l)ata, Mayza, Kayza, Athar (Phoenician/ Assyrian) → Tripolis (Greek, Latin, hence Tripoli) in most modern languages) • Rybachye → Ysyk-Kel (1989) → Balykchy (1992) → Atrabulus, Tarablus (al-Sham) Arabic) → Tra- • Karakol → Przhevalsk (1889) → Karakol (1921) → blusşam (Turkish) → (again) Tripoli Przhevalsk (1939) → Karakol (1991) • Tyre → Sur • Pishpek → Frunze (1926) → Bishkek (1991) 54 Libya 51 Laos • Oea → Tripoli • Xiang Dong Xiang Thong → Vientiane (1561) → Luang Phra Bang (1695) 55 Lithuania • Nakhon Kala Champaknaburisi → Nakhon Champa Nakhaburisi (1713) → Nakhon Champasak (1791) → Champasak [Bassac] (1863) → Pakse (1908) See also List of cities and towns in East Prussia See List of renamed cities in Lithuania

52 Latvia • Georgenburg → Jurbarkas • Memel → Klaipėda (1923) See List of renamed cities in Latvia • Pašešupys → Starapolė (1736) → Marijampolė (1758) → Kapsukas (1956) → Marijampolė (1989) • Stučka → Aizkraukle • Šilokarčema → Šilutė (1923) • Dünaburg → Borisoglebsk → (1656) → Dünaburg (1667) → Dvinsk (1893) → Daugavpils (1920) • Vilkmergė → Ukmergė (1920s) • Libau → Libava → Liepāja (1917) • Medininkai → Varniai (16th century) • Birži → Madona (1920) • Sniečkus → Visaginas (1992) • Windau → Ventspils (parallel use until the 1920s) • Duoliebaičiai → Władysławów/Vladislavovas • Wenden → Cēsis (parallel use until the 1920s) (1639) → Naumiestis → Kudirkos Naumiestis (1934) • Schrunden → Skrunda (parallel use until the 1920s) • Zarasai → Novoalexandrovsk (1836) → Ežerėnai • Stukmaņi → Pļaviņas (parallel use until the 1920s) (1919) → Zarasai (1929)

• Sasmaka → Valdemārpils (1926) • Mažeikiai → Muravyov (1899) → Mažeikiai (1918) 15

56 Macedonia (FYMR) • Sîngerei → (1940 ?) Lazovsk → (1990) Sîngerei • Șoldănești → (1985) Chernenko → (1988) • Scupi → Skopje Șoldănești • Biruința → (1940 ?) Suvorovo → (1990) Ștefan 57 Madagascar Vodă Villages • Tananarive → Antananarivo • Alexandru Ioan Cuza → (1940 ?) Suvorovo → • Diego Suarez → Antsiranana (1990s) Alexandru Ioan Cuza • Tuléar → Toliara • Chișcăreni → (1960 ?) Lazo → (1990) Chișcăreni

58 Malaysia 61 Montenegro • Jesselton → Kota Kinabalu (1968) • Berane → Ivangrad (1949) → Berane (1992) • Port Swettenham → Port Klang (1963) • Birziminium → Ribnica → Podgorica (1326) → Titograd (1946) → Podgorica (1992) • Victoria → Bandar Labuan • Jamestown → Bayan Lepas 62 Morocco • Teluk Anson → Teluk Intan • Port Weld → Kuala Sepetang • Tingis → Tangier • Mazagan → El Jadida 59 Mexico 63 Mozambique • Cajeme → Ciudad Obregón • • Ciudad Real → San Cristobal de las Casas Lourenço Marques → Maputo (1976) • Pitic → Hermosillo 64 Myanmar • Querétaro → Santiago de Querétaro • San Juan Bautista → Villahermosa • Akyab → Sittwe • Tenochtitlán → Ciudad de México • Amherst → Kyaikkami • • Valladolid → Morelia Bassein → Pathein • • Zapotlán → Ciudad Guzmán Henzada → Hinthada • Maymyo → Pyin U Lwin • 60 Moldova Moulmein → Mawlamyaing • Myohaung → Mrauk U See List of renamed cities in Moldova • Pagan → Bagan • Pegu → Bago • Romanovca → (1960 ?) Basarabeasca • Prome → Pyay • Cupcini → (1960 ?) Kalininsk → (1990) Cupcini • Dagon → Rangoon → Yangon • Ghindești → (1950 ?) Leninskii → (1990) Ghin- • dești Sandoway → Thandwe • • Hîncești → (1940) Kotovsk → (1941) Hîncești → Syriam → Thanlyin (1944) Kotovsk → (1990) Hîncești • Tavoy → Dawei • Ialoveni → (1960 ?) Kutuzov → (1990) Ialoveni • Yaunghwe → Nyaung Shwe 16 71 PHILIPPINES

65 Namibia • Pepri →Bin Qasim • • Kalkfontein → Karasburg Hindu Bagh→Muslim Bagh

• Klipfontein → Bethanie • Ajodhan pur →Pakpattan

• Rowdayana →Swat 66 Netherlands

• Coriovallum → Heerlen 69 Peru

• Noviomagus Batavorum (or Batavodurum) → • San Pablo de Napeanos → Iquitos Nimwegen → Nijmegen

• Traiectum → Traiectum ad Mosam → Maastricht

• Traiectum → Ultra Traiectum → Utrecht 70 Paraguay

• 's Gravenhage → Den Haag • Puerto Flor de Lis → Puerto Presidente Stroessner • Forum Hadriani → Voorburg → Ciudad del Este

• Ajos → Coronel Oviedo 67 Norway

• Oslo → Christiania → Kristiania →Oslo 71 Philippines

• Kaupangen → Nidaros → Trondhjem → Nidaros → Main article: List of renamed cities and municipalities Trondheim of the Philippines • Fredrikshald → Halden

• Albay → Legazpi 68 Pakistan • Cagayan de Misamis → Cagayan de Oro • Raj Shahi → Islamabad • Capiz → Roxas • Kolachi→Kalanchi→Karachi • Cavite La Punta → Cavite Nuevo → Cavite • Shal Kot →Quetta • Culiat → Angeles • Preshapur → Peshawar • Misamis → Ozamiz • Mahmood pur →Lahore • • Neroon Kot → Hyderabad (changed - 1768) Nueva Caceres → Naga

• Lyallpur → Faisalabad (changed - 1977) • Nueva Vergara → Davao

• Nawabshah → Benazirabad (changed - 2008) • Opon → Lapu-Lapu • Montgomery → Sahiwal (changed - 1966) • Perez Dasmariñas → Dasmariñas • Fort Sandeman → Zhob (changed - 30 July 1976) • Pineda → Pasay • Shahenshah → Hussain Shah (changed - 2004) • Polo → Valenzuela • Khan Pur →Gujranwala • San Felipe Neri → Mandaluyong • Khan Garh →Jacobabad

• Salwan Kot→Sialkot • San Juan del Monte → San Juan

• Cambell pur →Attock • San Pedro de Macati → Makati 17

72 Poland • Freienwalde → Chociwel2

• Konice → Konigesberge1 → Königsberg in der Neu- see also List of cities and towns in East Prussia mark → Chojna2

• Aleksandrowo → Aleksandrów Pograniczny → • Chorzów → Königshütte1 → Chorzów2 Aleksandrów Kujawski • Arnswalde → Choszczno2 • Jędrzychów → Andrzychów → Andrychów • Tempelburg → Czaplinek2 • Barcino → Barcin • Czarne → Hammerstein1 → Czarne2 → Hammer- • Wartberge → Wartenburg → Nowowiejsk2 → stein1 → Czarne2 Barczewo • Rothenburg → Czerwieńsk2 • Brido → Wartha → Bardo • Dęblin → Iwanogród → Dęblin • Neu Berlin → Berlinchen → Barlinek • Dzierzgoń → Neu Christburg1 → Christburg → • Rosenthal → Bartenstein → Bartoszyce Dzierzgoń2

• Barwica → Bärwalde1 → Barwice2 • Reichenbach → Dzierżoniów2

• Biała → Zülz1 → Biała2 • Łęg → Lyck → Ełk2

• Gajle → Biała → Gehlen1 → Gehlenburg → Biała • Gdynia → Gdingen → Gdynia → Gotenhafen → Piska2 Gdynia

• Brzegi → Białe Brzegi → Białobrzegi • Gdańsk → Danzig → Gdańsk2

• Biały Bór → Baldenburg1 → Biały Bór2 • Nowa Wieś → Lötzen → Giżycko2 • Bielszczany Stok → Białystok • Głogów → Glogau → Głogów2 • Biała → Langenbielau1 → Bielawa2 • Landsberg → Landsberg an der Warthe → Gorzów Wielkopolski2 • Lignica → Fürstenwald1 → Beroldestadt → Bern- stadt → Bierutów2 • Nowy Włodzisław → Junowłodzisław → In- • Bischofsburg → Biskupiec2 owłodzisław → Inowłocław → Inowrocław → Hohensalza → Inowrocław → Hohensalza → • Strowangen → Bischofstein → Bistein → Bisztynek2 Inowrocław

• Błaszkowice → Błaszki • Biała → Janów → Janów Lubelski

• Richnow → Reichenau1 → Rychwałd2 → Bogatynia • Hirschberg → Jelenia Góra2

• Gross-Born → Borne Sulinowo2 • Kattowitz → Katowice → Stalinogród → Katowice

• Brusseberge → Brunsberg → Braunsberg → • Wietrzna Góra → Kazimierz → Kazimierz Dolny Braniewo2 • Rast → Rastenburg → Kętrzyn • Brwinowo → Brwinów • Kladsko → Glatz → Kłodzko • Wysoki Brzeg → Brieg1 → Brzeg2 • Kołobrzeg → Kolberg → Kołobrzeg2 • Brzeg → Dyhernfurth → Brzeg Dolny2 • Koszalin → Köslin → Koszalin2 • Busk → Busko → Busko Zdrój • Hurthland → Friedland → Korfantów2 • Bydgoszcz → Bromberg → Bydgoszcz2 → Bromberg → Bydgoszcz2 • Lignica → Liegnitz1 → Legnica2

• Bystrzyce → Habelschwerdt1 → Bystrzyca Kłodzka • Łódź → Lodsch → Łódź → Litzmannstadt1 → Łódź2 • Bytom → Beuthen an der Oder1 → Białobrzezie2 → Bytom Odrzański • Marienburg → Malbork → Marienburg → Malbork2

• Łoza → Kulmsee1 → Chełmża2 • Berenwalde → Bärwalde → Mieszkowice2 18 74 ROMANIA

• Mieńsk → Mińsk → Nowomińsk → Mińsk Ma- 73 Portugal zowiecki • Aeminium → Coimbra • Sensburg → Mrągowo • Bracara Augusta → Braga • Florianów → Narol • Conimbriga → Condeixa-a-Nova (Coimbra) • Nowe Miasto Korczyn → Nowy Korczyn • Iebora → Évora • Margrabowa → Treuburg1 → Olecko2 • Olisipo → Al-Usbuna → Lisbon (Lisboa) • Pazluk → Hollandt1 → Preußisch Holland → • Pax Iulia → Beja Pasłęk2 • Portus Cale → Porto (Oporto) and Vila Nova de • Piasek → Piaski Luterskie → Piaski Gaia

• Melcekuke → Mehlsack → Pieniężno2 • Sheberina → Serpa

• Pisz → Johannisburg1 → Pisz2 • Sintara → Sintra • • Przemków → Primkenow1 → Primkenau1 → Villa Euracini (953) → Villa Verazin (1198) → Przemków2 Póvoa de Varzim (1308)

• Puławy → Nowa Aleksandria → Puławy 74 Romania • Słupsk → Stolp1 → Słupsk2 • Axiopolis → Cernavodă • Stettin → Szczecin2 • Abruttus → Abrud • Ortulfsburg → Ortelsburg → Szczytno2 • Ad Mediam → Băile Herculane • Rogoźno → Jelitowo → Tomaszów → Tomaszów Lubelski • Aegyssus → Tulcea • • Waldenberg → Waldenburg → Wałbrzych2 Ampelum → Zlatna • Apulum → Bălgrad → Gyulafehérvár → Alba Iulia • Wejherowska Wola → Neustadt1 → Wejherowo → Neustadt1 → Wejherowo • Arrubium → Măcin

• Wielka Wieś → Władysławowo • Kronstadt → Brașov → Orașul Stalin → Brașov

• Włodzisław → Włocław → Leslau → Włocławek → • Bucureșci → București (Bucharest) Leslau → Włocławek2 • Calatis → Mankalya →Mangalia • Wrocisław → Wrocław → Preßlau1 → Breslau → • Carsium → Hârșova Wrocław2 • Cibinum → Hermannstadt → Nagyszeben → Sibiu • Zabrze → Hindenburg1 → Zabrze2 • Dierna → Orșova • Zawadzki → Andreashütte1 → Zawadzkie2 • Jassy → Yaş→ Iași • Frankenstein → Ząbkowice Śląskie2 • Marosvásárhely → Târgu Mureș • Zielona Góra → Grünberg1 → Zielona Góra2 • Napoca → Klausenburg → Kolozsvár → Cluj → Cluj-Napoca • 1 Cities in western side that have been changed when Poland got independence from Austria-Hungary in • Noviodunum → Isaccea 1918 • Varadinum (Latin) → (Nagy)várad (Magyar) → • 2 Former German cities during 1918-1939, and be- Varat (Turkish) → Großwardein (German) → came a city in Nazi Germany, and became a Polish Oradea Mare (Romanian) → (1925 shortening) city after 1945. Oradea 19

• Pelendava → Craiova 78 Singapore

• Porolissum → Zalău • Bukit Panjang → Zhenghua → Bukit Panjang • • Potaissa → Turda Chan Chu Kang → Nee Soon → Yishun† • Choa Chu Kang → Chua Chu Kang • Temesvár → Tamışvar → Temesvár → Timișoara • Kalang → Kallang • Tomis → Constanța • Kang Kar → Sengkang

• Drobeta → Turnu Severin → Drobeta-Turnu Sev- • Passier Reis → Pasir Ris erin • Peck San → Bishan† • Pongal → Ponggol → Punggol 75 Russia • Temasek → Singapore • Westhill → Chong Pang Main article: List of renamed cities and towns in Russia See also: List of cities and towns in East Prussia †Name change in English due to replacement of outdated romanization methods with the Pinyin Romaniza- tion Method. Chinese name unchanged. 76 Serbia 79 Slovakia • Horreum Margi → Ravno → Ćuprija • Baťovany → Partizánske • Veliki Bečkerek → Bečkerek → Petrovgrad → • Besztercebánya → Banská Bystrica Zrenjanin • Kaschau, Kassa → Košice • Jagodina → Svetozarevo → Jagodina • Pressburg, Pozsony → Bratislava

• Kraljevo → Rankovićevo → Kraljevo 80 Slovenia • Naissus → Niš • Assling → Jesenice • Singidunum → Singidon → Beograd (Belgrade) • Bischofslack → Škofja Loka • Taurunum → Zemun • Celeia → Cilli → Celje • Sirmium → Sremska Mitrovica • Egida → Capris → Justinopolis → Caput Histriae → Koper/Capodistria • Užice → Titovo Užice (1946) → Užice (1992) • Emona → Laibach → Ljubljana • Vrbas → Titov Vrbas (1983) → Vrbas (1992) • Marburg → Maribor • Poetovio → Pettau → Ptuj • Zanes → Pontes → Novi Grad → Fetislam → Kladovo • Pirano → Piran • • Zaslon → Šabac Capodistria → Koper • Portorose → Portorož • Velenje → Titovo Velenje (1981) → Velenje (1991) 77 Seychelles • Castra ad ﬂuvium frigidum → Ajdovščina • Mahé (as the main island) → (1778) Victoria • Atrans → Trojane 20 82 SPAIN

81 South Africa • Umtata → Mthatha (2004) • Verwoerdburg → Centurion (1994) This section of the article can be expanded with material from the corresponding page in • Warmbad/Warmbaths → Bela-Bela (2002)*[7] Afrikaans Wikipedia - but there 'voorgestel' • [2] means the name change is merely proposed, Waterval Boven → Emgwenya (2009) * not executed • Witbank → eMalahleni (2006)

Main article: Renaming in South Africa 82 Spain Although many name changes have taken place oﬃcially since 1994, the previous names are still common in use, • Abula → Ávila especially by the white communities (* means that all or some road signs still print the former name). This list • Acci → Guadix doesn't include unoﬃcially or proposed name changes • Astigi → Écija such as Pretoria to Tshwane. • Aurariola → Orihuela

81.1 Pre 1994 • Augusta Emerita → Mérida

• Albertsburg → Prince Albert (1845) • Azaña → Numancia de la Sagra (1936, by enemies of Manuel Azaña). • McHattiesburg → Balfour (1905) • Barcino → Barcino Nova → Barcelona • Port Natal → Durban • Basti → Baza • Treurfontein → Coligny (1923) • Bayona de Tajuña → Titulcia (since the owner did not want to remind Ferdinand VII of Spain of his 81.2 Post 1994 captivity at Bayonne)

• Belfast → eMakhazeni (2009) [2]* • Brigantium → Caronium → Corunna → La Coruña → A Coruña • Bisho → Bhisho (2004) • Colonia Caecilia Metellinum → Medellín • Butterworth → Gcuwa* • Colonia Iulia Romula → Hispalis → Isbilia → Seville [3] • Duiwelskloof → Modjadjiskloof (2004) (Sevilla)

• Ellisras → Lephalale (2002) • Colonia Norba Caesarina → Norba → Cáceres

• Louis Trichardt → Makhado → Louis Trichardt • Colonia Patricia → Corduba → Qurtuba → Córdoba (name change reverted)*[4] • Complutum → Alcalá de Henares • Machadodorp → eNtokozweni (2009)[2]* • Dertosa → Tortosa • Malelane → Malalane (2007)* • Dianinum → Daniyya → Denia → Dénia • Messina → Musina (2003) • Egara → Terrassa • Naboomspruit → Mookgophong (2006) • Ferrol → El Ferrol del Caudillo → Ferrol • Nelspruit → Mbombela[2][5] (2009, however Nel- spruit was used during the 2010 FIFA World Cup)* • Fuenterrabía → Hondarribia

• Nylstroom → Modimolle (2002)[6] • Gadir → Gades → Cádiz

• Phalaborwa → BaPhalaborwa* • Gasteiz → Nueva Victoria → Vitoria-Gasteiz

• Pietersburg → Polokwane (2005) • Guernica → Guernica y Luno → Gernika-Lumo

• Potgietersrus → Mokopane (2003) • Guecho → Getxo

• Stanger → KwaDukuza (2006)* • Gerunda → Gerona → Girona 21

• Ilerda → Lérida → Lleida 85 Switzerland • Illice → Elche/Elx • Augusta Raurica → Kaiseraugst • Legio → León • Aventicum → Wiﬂispurg → Avenches • Lejona → Leioa • Eburodunum → Yverdon-les-Bains • Lucentum → Laquant → Alicante/Alacant • Lousonna → Lausanne • Lucus Augusti → Lugo • • Mainake → Malaca → Málaga Minnodunum → Moudon • • Mahón → Maó Octodurus → Martigny • Onuba → Huelva • Turicum → Zürich • Pompaelo → Pamplona • Brenno***(durum?) → Bern • Qart Hadast → Carthago Nova → Cartagena • Quintanilla → Quintanilla de Onésimo 86 Syria • Saguntum → Murviedro/Morvedre → • Sagunto/Sagunt Aleppo → Beroea → Halab • • Salduba → Caesaraugusta → Saraqusta → Zaragoza Balanea (Greek, Latin) → Baniyas (Arabic) • Sos → Sos del Rey Católico • Emesa → Homs • Helmantica → Salamantica → Salamanca • (H)Amat(h)(a) (Aramean, Assyrian) → Epiphania → Epiphania, Emath(oùs) (Greek) → Hamath → • Tarraco → Tarraco Nova → Tarragona Hama • Toletum → Tulaytula → Toledo • Laodicea ad Mare → Latakia • Valentia → Balansiyya → Valencia/València • Palmyra → Tadmor • Villa Real → Ciudad Real • Rasaappa, Rasappa, and Rasapi (Akadian) → • Xera → Ceret → Xerez → Xerez de la Frontera → Sergiopolis → Anastasiopolis (Greek & Latin) → Jerez de la Frontera Risapa, Rosafa (Latin) → Resafa (Arabic)

83 Swaziland 87 Taiwan

• Bremersdorp → Manzini (1960) • Quemoy → Kinmen† → Jinmen • Buﬀelspruit → Mhlambanyatsi • Tamsui† → Danshuei • Goedgegun → Nhlangano • Sindian† → Xindian • Havelock Mine → Bulembu †Name change in English due to replacement of outdated romanization methods with the Pinyin Romaniza- 84 Sweden tion Method. Chinese name unchanged.

• Bogesund → Ulricehamn 88 Tajikistan • Bro → Christinehamn → Kristinehamn

• Malmhaugar → Malmö See List of renamed cities in Tajikistan • Tuna → Eskilstuna → Carl Gustafs stad → Eskilstuna • Dushanbe → Stalinabad (1929) → Dushanbe (1961) • Westra Aros → Wæstaros → Västerås • Khodjend → Leninabad (1939) → Khujand (1991) • Östra Aros → Upsala → Uppsala • Kurgan-Tyube → Qurghonteppa 22 92 TURKMENISTAN

• Sovietabad → Ghafurov (1978) • Gawar → Yüksekova • Ura-Tyube → Istaravshan (2001) • Hadrianopolis/Adrianople → Edirne • Yangi-Bazar → Orjonikidzeabad (1936) → Qo- • farnihon (1992) → Vahdat (2003) Halikarnassos → Halicarnassus → Petronium →Bodrum

• 89 Tanzania Iconium → Konya • Kyzikos → Cyzicus → Kizikos • Bismarckburg → Kasanga • Magnesia → Manisa • Tabora → Weidmannsheil → Tabora • Mazaca → Caesarea Mazaca → Kayseri

90 Thailand • Melitene → Malatya

• Ayothaya → Ayutthaya (1237) • Mylasa -> Milas • Bangkok → Phra Nakhon (1782) → Krung Thep • Nikaia → Nicaea → İznik (1972) • • Trat → Trach → Trat (1906) Nicomedia → İznikmid → İzmit • Pergamon → Pergamum → Bergama

91 Turkey • Sinope → Sinop

Main article: Geographical name changes in Turkey • Smyrna → İzmir

• Theodosiopolis → Kalikala→ Erzurum Many cities were founded by the Ancient Anatolians and Greeks or their contemporaries, and renamed as La- • Tralles → Güzelhisar → Aydın tinized by the Romans, and later again by Muslim Turks (in most cases Turkiﬁed speech) • Trapezon → Trapezus → Trebizond → Trabzon

• Alexandretta → İskenderun • Amida → Diyar-ı Bekr → Diyarbekir → Diyarbakır 92 Turkmenistan • Amisus → Samsun See List of renamed cities in Turkmenistan • Ancyra → Angora → Ankara

• Antiocheia -> Antiochia/Antioch → Antakya • Bekdaş → Garabogaz • Archelais -> Aksaray • Charjuy → Leninsk (1924) → Charjuy = Charjou = • Attalia → Attalea → Adalia → Antalya Çarjew (1927) → Turkmenabat (1999)

• Bythinion/Bythinium → Claudiopolis → Bolu • Çeleken → Hazar • Byzantion → Byzantium → • Gazanjyk → Bereket Constantinopolis/Constantinople → Konstantiniyye → Istanbul • Gyzyl-arbat → Serdar (city) • Chalkedon → Chalcedon → Kadıköy • Krasnovodsk → Turkmenbashi (1993) • Cius → Prusa → Bursa • Kushka = Guşgy → Serhetabat • Dorylaeum -> Eskişehir • • Edessa → Urfa → Sanli Urfa (Şanlıurfa) Nebit-dag → Balkanabat • Ephesos → Ephesus -> Efes • Poltoratsk → Ashgabat 23

93 Ukraine • Aqyar → Sevastopol (1826; also: Sebastopol) • Otuz → Shchebetovka (1944) See List of renamed cities in Ukraine • Aqmescit → Simferopol (1784)

Crimea • Dolossı → Sovietske

• Aluston → Lusta → Aluşta → Alushta (1784) • İçki → Sovietsky (1944) • Ermeni Bazar → Armyanskiy Bazar (1786) → • Eski Qırım → Staryi Krym (1783) Armyansk (1921) • Sudaq → Sudak (1784) • Karasubazar → Bilohirsk (1944) Zaporizhia • Aqmeçit → Chornomorske (1944)

• Canköy → Dzhankoy (1784) • Alexandrovsk → Zaporizhia (1921) • Kerkinitis → Kezlev (7th century) → Gözleve → Yevpatoria (1784) Luhansk • Theodosia → Ardabda → Kafas → Caﬀa → Kefe • Yuryevka → Alchevsk (1903) → Voroshylovsk (1475) → Feodosiya (1784) (1931) → Voroshylovsk/Alchevsk (1957) → Komu- • Sarabuz → Hvardiyske (1944) narsk (1961) → Alchevsk (1991) • Inkerman → Belokamensk (1976) → Inkerman • Izium → Almaznaya (1878) → Almazna (1977) (1991) • Bokovo-Antratsyt → Antratsyt (1962) • Panticapaeum → Bosporus → Korchev → • Yekaterinovka → Artem (1923) → Artemivsk Vosporo/Cerchio → Kerch (1938) • İslâm Terek → Kirovske (1944) • Gorskoye → Hirske (1938) • Kurman-Kumelĉi → Krasnohvardiyske (1944) • Golubyevskiy Rudnik → Kirovsk (1962) • Qızıltaş → Krasnokamianka (1945) • Sorokino → Krasnodon (1938) • Aşağı Otuz → Prymorye (1945) → Kurortne (1978) • Kryndachiovka → Krasnyi Luch (1920) • Albat → Kuybysheve (1945) • Lugansk → Voroshylovhrad (1935) → Luhansk • Yedi Quyu → Sem Kolodezey (1784) → Lenine (1958) → Voroshylovhrad (1970) → Luhansk (1957) (1990) • Seyitler → Nyzhniohirsk (1944) • Aleksandrovka → Petro-Maryevka (1865) → Pervomaisk (1920) • Büyük Onlar → Oktiabrske (1945) • Kadiyevka → Sergo (1937) → Kadiivka (1940) → • Kaygador → Provalnoe → Dvoyakornoe → Bub- Stakhanov (1978) novka → Ordjonikidze (1937) • Yañı Küçükköy → Parkove Odessa • Or Qapı → Perekop (1736) • Ophiusa → Asperon → Moncastro → Akker- • Curçı → Pervomaiske (1944) man (1503) → Cetatea Albă (1918) → Bilhorod- Dnistrovsky (1944) • Aşağı Kikineiz → Ponyzivka • Buh Khutirs → Illichivsk (1952) → Chornomorsk • Bazarçıq → Poshtove (1945) (2016) • Hafuz → Yuzhnaya Tochka (1938) → Primosrky • Birzula → Kotovsk (1935) (1952) • Hacibey → Odessa (1794) • Aqşeyh → Rozdolne (1944) • Saq → Saky (1784) Mykolaiv 24 94 UNITED KINGDOM

• Fedorivka → Fiodorovka (1776) → Novaya Odessa • Lviv → Lwów (1356) → Lemberg (1772) → Lwów (1832) → Nova Odesa (1989) (1918) → Lviv (1939)

• Kara Kerman → Özi → Ochakov (1792) → Ochakiv • Żółkiew (until 1939) → Zhovkva → Nesterov (1989) (1951) → Zhovkva (1992)

• Orlyk → Orlovsky sconce (1743) → Yekaterinsky Volyn sconce (1770) → Olviopol (1781) → Pervomaisk (1919) • Lutsk → Luchesk (1427) → Łuck (1569) → Lutsk • Kostiantynivka-2 → Yuzhnoukrainsk (1987) (1795) → Mikhailogorod (1850) → Luck (1915) → Łuck (1919) → Lutsk (1939) Donetsk Khmelnytsky • Bakhmut → Artemivsk (1924) → Bakhmut (2016) • Proskurov → Khmelnytskyi (1954) • Nelepovy → Artemove (1921)

• Yuzovka → Trotsk (1924) → Stalino (1924) → Ivano-Frankivsk Donetsk (1961) • Stanisławów → Stanislaviv (1939) → Ivano- • Nova Khrestovka → Kirovske (1958) Frankivsk (1962) • Karakybbud → Komsomolske (1949) Ternopil • Grishyno → Postysheve → Krasnoarmiisk (1938) • Tarnopol → Ternopil (1939) • Dmitriyevsk → Makiivka (1931)

• Mariupol → Zhdanov (1948) → Mariupol (1989) Uzhhorod

• Karlo-Libknekhtovsk → Soledar (1991) • Ungvar (1248) → Užhorod (1919) → Ungvar (1938) • Bannoe → Banne (1929) → Bannovske (1938) → → Uzhhorod (1944) Slovianohirsk (1964) → Sviatohirsk (2003) Kirovohrad • Tor → Sloviansk (1784) • Yelizavetgrad (1784) → Zinovyevsk (1924) → Dnipropetrovsk Kirovo (1934) → Kirovohrad (1939)

• Kamyanske → Dniprodzerzhynsk (1936) Kherson • Yekaterinoslav → Novorossiysk (1797) → Yekateri- • noslav (1802) → Dnipropetrovsk (Dnepropetrovsk; Chapli → Askania (1828) → Askania Nova (1835) 1926) • Oleshky → Alioshki (1802) → Tsiurupynsk (1928) • Mykytyne → Slovyanske (1775) → Nikopol (1781) • Ali-Agok → Skadovskoye (1894) → Skadovsk (1933) • Samara → Novomoskovsk (1782) • Holy → Golaya Pristan (1786) → Hola Prystan • Shakhtarske → Pershotravensk (1960) (1923)

Kharkiv • Geniczi → Genichesk (1784) → Henichesk (1923)

• Konstantingrad → Krasnohrad (1922) 94 United Kingdom • Lykhachove → Pervomaiskyi (1952)

• Zmiiv → Zmeyev (1656) → Hotvald (1976) → 94.1 England Zmiiv (1990) • Beeston → Beeston Regis (1399) Lviv • Bognor → Bognor Regis (1929) 94.3 Northern Ireland 25

• Camulodunon (Celtic) → Camulodunum/Colonia 94.3 Northern Ireland Claudia Victricensis (Roman) → Colneceastre (10th) → Colchester • Ballinascreen → Draperstown (1818)

• Celmeresfort → Chelmsford (1189) • Cromlin → Hillsborough (1661)

• Duroliponte (Roman) → Grantebrycge (9th) → • Derry → Londonderry (1613) Cantabrigia (16th) → Cambridge • Legacorry → Richhill (c.1760) • Eboracum/Eburacum → Eoforwic (7th century) → • Lisnagarvy → Lisburn (1662) Jórvík (c.866) → York • Muﬀ → Eglinton (1858) • Leamington Priors → Royal Leamington Spa (1838)

• Londinium → Lundenwic → London 95 United States • Lyme → Lyme Regis (1284)

• Lynn → King’s Lynn (16th century) 95.1 Alaska

• Monkchester → Newcastle upon Tyne (1080s) • Novoarkhangelsk → Sitka • Staines → Staines-upon-Thames (2012) 95.2 Arizona • Tunbridge Wells → Royal Tunbridge Wells (1909) • • Wootton Bassett → Royal Wootton Bassett (2011) Swilling’s Mill → Hellinwg Mill → Mill City → East Phoenix → Phoenix

94.2 Scotland 95.3 California • Achadh a' Chuirn → Waterloo • Nordoﬀ → Ojai • Ardencaple → Helensburgh • Todos Santos → Concord • Cadȝow → Hamilton (15th century) • Tuleburg → Stockton • Cartleyhole/Clarty Hole → Abbotsford • Wineville → Mira Loma • Conveth → Laurencekirk • Yerba Buena → San Francisco • Dunedin (and variants) → Edinburgh • El Pueblo de Nuestra Senora la Reina de los Angeles • Friock → Friockheim de la Porciuncula → Los Angeles

• Hamnavoe → Stromness 95.4 Colorado • Kiliwhimin → Fort Augustus (18th century) • Fletcher → Aurora • Kilrule/Kilrymont → St Andrews

• Maryburgh → Gordonsburgh → Duncansburgh → 95.5 Connecticut Fort William • Conway → Portland • Navermouth (Am Blàran Odhar) → Bettyhill • East Middletown → Chatham → East Hampton • Newark → Port Glasgow (1775) • Fort Hoop → Newtowne → Hartford • Obbe → Leverburgh (1920) • Mattianuck → Dorchester → Windsor • St John’s Toun/St Johnstone → Perth (the old name is retained in the local football club) • Mettabasett → Middletown

• Milton of Strathbogie → Huntly • Orford Parish → Manchester

• Vale of Leven → Alexandria • Pyquag → Wethersﬁeld 26 95 UNITED STATES

• Saybrooke Colony → Saybrook → Deep River 95.13 Massachusetts

• Southfield → Suthfield → Suffield • Agawam Plantation → Springfield • Ireland Parish → Ireland → Holyoke • Wintonbury → Bloomfield • Cold Spring → Belcher’s Town → Belchertown • West Division of Hartford → West Hartford • Gay Head → Aquinnah • Glasgow → Blandford 95.6 Delaware • Manchester → Manchester-by-the-Sea • Fort Casimir → Fort Trefaldighet → New Amstel → • Menotomy → Arlington New Castle • Minnechaug → South Wilbraham → Hampden • Fort Christina → Fort Altena → Wilmington • Quaboage → Quaboag → Brookfield • Zwaanendael → Lewes • Shawmut → Boston • Stony Hill → Ludlow 95.7 Florida 95.14 Michigan • Alligator → Lake City • Avon Township → Rochester Hills, Michigan • Cowford → Jacksonville • Berlin → Marne • Jernigan → Orlando • East Detroit → Eastpointe • Saint Petersburg Beach → St. Pete Beach • Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit → Detroit • Harlow → Hog’s Hallow → McDouglasville → Utica 95.8 Georgia • Jefferson → Sterling Heights • Terminus → Marthasville → Atlanta • Swainsville → Brooklyn

95.9 Illinois 95.15 Minnesota • Pig’s Eye → St. Paul • Charleston → St. Charles

• Fort Dearborn → Chicago 95.16 Nebraska

• Lancaster → Lincoln 95.10 Iowa 95.17 New Hampshire • Valley Junction → West Des Moines Both of these cities exist now • Derryfield → Manchester • Hilton’s Pointe → Cochecho → Northam → Dover 95.11 Louisiana • Nashuway → Nashville → Nashua • Vermilionville → Lafayette • Number Two → Middle Monadnock → Monadnock → Jaffrey • 95.12 Maryland Nutfield → Londonderry • Plantation of Penney Cook → Penney Cook → Pen- • Providence → Anne Arundel Towne → Annapolis nacook → Rumford → Concord 95.22 Ohio 27

• Piscatiqua → Strawberry Hill → Portsmouth 95.22 Ohio

• Suncook → Pembroke • Cleaveland → Cleveland • Winnacunnet → Hampton • Gamble’s Mill → Shelby • Losantiville → Cincinnati 95.18 New Jersey • Sellstown → Dublin • Awiehawken → Weehawken

• Bergen → Jersey City 95.23 Oregon

• Fort Nassau → Gloucester City • Marysville → Corvallis

• Hunt’s Mills → Clinton 95.24 Pennsylvania • Nya Stockholm → Bridgeport • Ammansland → Darby • Sodon → Glen Gardner • Chamassungh → Finlandia → Marcus Hook • Sveaborg → Swedesboro • Cross Keys → Intercourse • West Paterson→ Woodland Park • Fort Duquesne → Fort Pitt → Pittsburgh → Pittsburg → Pittsburgh 95.19 New Mexico • Mauch Chunk → Jim Thorpe • Alburquerque → Albuquerque • Mölndal → Yeadon • Hot Springs → Truth or Consequences • Northampton → Allentown • Printztorp → Chester 95.20 New York • Tequirassy → Eddystone • Beverwijck → Albany • Upland → Chester • Breuckelen → Brooklyn (borough of New York City) 95.25 Rhode Island • Fort Nassau → Fort Orange → Albany → Willem- • stad → Albany Gloucester → Glocester • • Heemstede → Hempstead Haversham → Westerly • Kings Towne → Kingstown → Rochester → North • New Amsterdam → New York → New Orange → Kingston New York City • Shawomet → Warwick • North Tarrytown → Sleepy Hollow • Sing Sing → Ossining, New York 95.26 South Carolina • Staaten Eylandt → Staten Island (borough of New • York City) Charles Towne → Charleston • • Wiltwyck → Kingston, Kingston → Conwayborough → Conway • Tacapua → Startex 95.21 North Carolina 95.27 Tennessee • Atkins Bank → Kingston → Kinston → Caswell → Kinston • Alexandria → Jackson • Campbellton + Cross Creek → Fayetteville • Fort Nashborough → Nashville • Wachau → Salem → Winston-Salem • Coal Creek → Lake City → Rocky Top 28 100 SOURCES AND REFERENCES

95.28 Texas 98 Vietnam • Clark → DISH • Tourane → Đà Nẵng • Gorbit → Kit → Irving[8] • Tống Bình → Long Đỗ → Đại La → Thăng Long • Waterloo → Austin[9] → Đông Đô → Đông Kinh → Bắc Thành → Thăng Long → Hà Nội (Hanoi) • Dechman → Deckman → Grand Prairie • Hai Pho → Faifo → Hội An • Emerson → Frisco City → Frisco[10] • Prey Nokor → Gia Định → Saigon → Thành Phố • Duncan Switch → Duncanville[11] Hồ Chí Minh (Ho Chi Minh City) • Presidio San Antonio de Bexar → San Antonio[12] • Phu Xuan → Huế • 95.29 Utah Ke Van → Ke Vinh → Vinh Giang → Vinh Doanh → Vinh Thi → Vinh • Great Salt Lake City → Salt Lake City 99 Zimbabwe (all 1982) 95.30 Vermont • Enkeldoorn → Chivhu • Brattleborough → Brattleboro • Essexvale → Esigodini 95.31 Virginia • Fort Victoria → Masvingo (brieﬂy called Nyanda) • Gatooma → Kadoma Kecoughtan → Hampton • Gwelo → Gweru 95.32 Washington • Hartley → Chegutu

• Neppel → Moses Lake • Marandellas → Marondera • Matopos → Matobo 95.33 Wisconsin • Melsetter → Chimanimani • Prairieville → Waukesha • Que Que → Kwekwe • Salisbury → Harare 96 Uzbekistan • Selukwe → Shurugwi • Shabani → Zvishavane See List of renamed cities in Uzbekistan • Sinoia → Chinhoyi • Karmine → Navoiy (1958) • Umtali → Mutare • Rishdan → Kuybishevo → Rishtan (1977) • Wankie → Hwange • Leninsk → Asaka (1938) • Maracanda → Samarqand 100 Sources and references • Novy Margelan → Skobelev (1910) → Farg'ona (1924) (incomplete) • Qarabagish → Sovetobod (1972) → Xonobod • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. 97 Venezuela (1913). "article name needed". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton. • Angostura → Ciudad Bolívar (1846) • Westermann, Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte (in • Santiago de León de Caracas → Caracas German) 29

• City of Melbourne Web site [13]

• Ballarat history [14] • Of Bangalore, Bengaluru and Belagavi [15]

• “Pandektis: Name Changes of Settlements in Greece”. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-27. List compiled by the (Greek) National Documentation Centre (EKT)

[1] http://www.collingwood.ca/node/230

[2] Town name changes in Mpumalanga (Unknown), News24, October 2009, retrieved 14 August 2010

[3] www.sa-venues.com - Bottom paragraph states that the town was renamed in 2004.

[4] Road signs still point to the town as 'Makhado' despite the name being oﬃcially reverted

[5] http://www.sabcnews.co.za/ portal/site/SABCNews/menuitem. 5c4f8fe7ee929f602ea12ea1674daeb9/?vgnextoid= c1ef6134bbc54210VgnVCM10000077d4ea9bRCRD& vgnextfmt=default

[6] “Oﬃcial South African Geographical Names System”. South African Department of Arts and Culture. 2002- 06-14. Retrieved 2012-01-11.

[7] Signs are mixed, some say Bela-Bela, some say Warm- baths

[8] City of Irving - Irving Archives http://www.cityofirving. org/1993/Between-the-Forks. Missing or empty |title= (help)

[9] Patoski, Joe Nick “It’s Just Diﬀerent Here”, Preservation, July/August 2010, page 38

[10] • Jasinski, Laurie E. (September 1, 2006) “Frisco, Texas.”

[11] “Handbook of Texas”. Tshaonline.org. 2013-08-11. Re- trieved 2013-08-29.

[12] Spanish Texas, Texas State Historical Society: The Hand- book of Texas Online

[13] http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=52& pg=703

[14] http://www.ballarat.com/history.htm

[15] http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/20name.htm

101 See also

• List of administrative division name changes

• Neighborhood rebranding in New York City

Interesting Stories about Cities Changing Names 30 102 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

102 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

102.1 Text

• List of city name changes Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_city_name_changes?oldid=717531379 Contributors: Deb, Space Cadet, Edward, Gabbe, Jimfbleak, Bogdangiusca, Jiang, GCarty, John K, Zoicon5, Imc, Qertis, Hajor, Owen, Carlossuarez46, Bearcat, Juro, Dale Arnett, Altenmann, PedroPVZ, Flauto Dolce, JB82, DHN, Decumanus, Elf, Nichalp, CComMack, Brequinda, DO'Neil, Ezhiki, Matthead, Gzornenplatz, Pne, Fuzzy Logic, Danny Rathjens, Kusunose, Emax, Mzajac, Maximaximax, Huaiwei, Jcw69, Mag- num1, Canterbury Tail, Rich Farmbrough, Naive cynic, Parishan, Quiensabe, Flapdragon, Pc13, Violetriga, CanisRufus, Kwamikagami, Dinsdagskind, Markussep, RobNS, Circeus, Cmdrjameson, Man vyi, Hintha, Anthony Appleyard, Iris lorain, Pedro Aguiar, Burwellian, Dhartung, Benson85, Saga City, Jon Cates, Kazvorpal, Kitch, N0thingness, Sam Vimes, PANONIAN, Angr, Woohookitty, RHaworth, ScottDavis, Alanmak, Apokrif, GregorB, Cartman02au, LimoWreck, Revas, BD2412, John Anderson, Rjwilmsi, Twrist, Gryffindor, Miss- marple, Attitude2000, Compmary, Czalex, Vclaw, MacRusgail, Jeff02, Lemuel Gulliver, Bgwhite, Gths, Vmenkov, Wavelength, Elapsed, Spleodrach, RussBot, Kauffner, Tresckow, DanMS, Keithgreer, Doctor Whom, Grafen, Kubura, Renata3, Shultz, Aldux, Supten, De- nis C., Zello, Codrinb, Pyeknu, CapPixel, Ahonc, Fastifex, SmackBot, Herostratus, AndreasJS, Kintetsubuffalo, Yamaguchi, Bricks J. Winzer, DStoykov, Colonies Chris, Royboycrashfan, Penrithguy, New World Man, Rarelibra, Larsnyg~enwiki, Bejnar, Clickety- clack, BozoTheScary, Dr Sachs, Mukadderat, BrownHairedGirl, NotMuchToSay, Kevmin, Watertroll, Kransky, Archangel127, Hvn0413, Skinsmoke, DabMachine, Mijotoba, InfernoXV, ShakespeareFan00, Filiep, Acong, ShelfSkewed, Ken Gallager, Shultz IV, Janibek and Kerey, Walgamanus, JamesAM, Barticus88, Biruitorul, Ramananrv123, Nick Number, Widefox, Euratlas, Kbthompson, Fayenatic london, Spartaz, MikeLynch, Sluzzelin, DuncanHill, Speculoos, Geniac, MJD86, HLT, Jvlander02, JaGa, Baristarim, Hellerick, Drm310, Adriaan, EtienneDolet, R'n'B, VirtualDelight, DandyDan2007, Adavidb, Zlt60, Koven.rm, Svitzrh, Coppertwig, Ahuskay, Fair Alienor, Nomi887, AndreasJSbot, Dcraig9, Historiographer, Peyerk, Davehi1, Asarlaí, Kaktus999, NVO, Aymatth2, Predavatel, Pounder2, Kushimi, Qbk711, Antipoeten, BotMultichill, Tubs uk, Fratrep, Tesi1700, Sphilbrick, Matt76dc00, Hooiwind, EmanWilm, Scroch, Martarius, Purple74, Niceguyedc, Cfsenel, Kensplanet, Naveenswiki, Muhandes, Sun Creator, Certes, Lambtron, Smarkflea, Sonty567, SilvonenBot, Tameam- seo, Addbot, Warrenski, Atethnekos, Ben Bezuidenhout, Neodop, Download, Favonian, Tassedethe, Mao Zaluchi~enwiki, Yobot, Dide14, Gaga.vaa, LlywelynII, Ulric1313, Materialscientist, TELane, Obersachsebot, Xqbot, Ssola, JimVC3, Bihco, Ulf Heinsohn, TakenakaN, Rangond, Urprakhar, Biomoneo, Aviadi21, Lycaon83, FrescoBot, Naru12333, DivineAlpha, SpacemanSpiff, I dream of horses, Moon- raker, RN Latvian31, Grenix, Aoidh, Underlying lk, John of Reading, WikitanvirBot, AmericanLeMans, Aiaiaiaiaia, Tajmern, Midas02, Idh0854, H3llBot, ZomgPancakes, Jamesconradshea, Xiaoyu of Yuxi, Brigade Piron, Koolkat1573, TYelliot, ClueBot NG, Madreselva, Widr, Preacher lad, IgnorantArmies, The Banner Turbo, Schwab7000, TheGeneralUser, Yerevantsi, Ales sandro, Xmunxmun, DPL bot, Daxonflynn, BattyBot, Pratyya Ghosh, Mrt3366, Cyberbot II, Karmyx, RioHondo, Amey777, Darth Jor-El, Alan Fan Pei, Baldaquino, Jodosma, Phillip5656, Lionsdude148, MacedoniaisMacedonia, Szqecs, Meganesia, A6tf3t, Monkbot, MichaelJAH, Vieque, Razumukhin, Gf95750, Leobold111, Tasty love salad, Qzd, Aaron Moh. and Anonymous: 238

102.2 Images

• File:Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg License: CC0 Contributors: http://openclipart.org/detail/24112/flag-of-afghanistan-by-anonymous-24112 Original artist: • User:Zscout370 • File:Flag_of_Albania.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Algeria.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg License: Public domain Contributors: SVG implementation of the 63-145 Algerian law "on Characteristics of the Algerian national emblem" ("Caractéristiques du Drapeau Algérien", in English). Original artist: This graphic was originaly drawn by User:SKopp. • File:Flag_of_Angola.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Drawn by User:SKopp Original artist: User:SKopp • File:Flag_of_Argentina.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Here, based on: http://manuelbelgrano.gov.ar/bandera/creacion-de-la-bandera-nacional/ Original artist: Government of Argentina • File:Flag_of_Armenia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: SKopp • File:Flag_of_Australia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg License: Public domain Con- tributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.elibrary.az/docs/remz/pdf/remz_bayraq.pdf and http://www.meclis.gov.az/?/az/topcontent/21 Original artist: SKopp and others • File:Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.dcaa.com.bd/Modules/CountryProfile/BangladeshFlag.aspx Original artist: User:SKopp • File:Flag_of_Belarus.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.tnpa.by/ViewFileText.php?UrlRid=52178&UrlOnd=%D1%D2%C1%20911-2008 Original artist: Zscout370 • File:Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_ Herzegovina.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Kseferovic • File:Flag_of_Brazil.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Origi- nal artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Brunei.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg License: CC0 Contribu- tors: From the Open Clip Art website. Original artist: User:Nightstallion 102.2 Images 31

• File:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg License: Public domain Contributors: The flag of Bulgaria. The colors are specified at http://www.government.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001&p=0034& n=000005&g= as: Original artist: SKopp • File:Flag_of_Canada.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Chad.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg License: Public domain Con- tributors: Quelle · Fonto: http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/td.html Original artist: SKopp & others (see upload log) • File:Flag_of_Colombia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Drawn by User:SKopp Original artist: SKopp • File:Flag_of_Croatia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?sec=4317 Original artist: Nightstallion, Elephantus, Neoneo13, Denelson83, Rainman, R-41, Minestrone, Lupo, Zscout370, Ma Ga (based on Decision of the Parliament) • File:Flag_of_Denmark.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:Madden • File:Flag_of_Egypt.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg License: CC0 Contributors: From the Open Clip Art website. Original artist: Open Clip Art • File:Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg License: CC0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Estonia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.riigikantselei.ee/?id=73847 Original artist: Originally drawn by User:SKopp. Blue colour changed by User:PeepP to match the image at [1]. • File:Flag_of_Finland.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1978/19780380 Original artist: Drawn by User:SKopp • File:Flag_of_France.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Orig- inal artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Georgia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work based on File:Brdzanebuleba 31.pdf Original artist: User:SKopp • File:Flag_of_Germany.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Greece.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg License: Public domain Contributors: own code Original artist: (of code) cs:User:-xfi- (talk) • File:Flag_of_Guyana.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/chi/r_flag/index.html Original artist: Tao Ho • File:Flag_of_Hungary.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg License: Public domain Contributors: • Flags of the World – Hungary Original artist: SKopp • File:Flag_of_India.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Law: s:id:Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun 2009 (http://badanbahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/ lamanbahasa/sites/default/files/UU_2009_24.pdf) Original artist: Drawn by User:SKopp, rewritten by User:Gabbe • File:Flag_of_Iran.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg License: Public domain Contrib- utors: URL http://www.isiri.org/portal/files/std/1.htm and an English translation / interpretation at URL http://flagspot.net/flags/ir'.html Original artist: Various • File:Flag_of_Ireland.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Drawn by User:SKopp Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Israel.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg License: Public domain Con- tributors: http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Modern%20History/Israel%20at%2050/The%20Flag%20and%20the%20Emblem Origi- nal artist: “The Provisional Council of State Proclamation of the Flag of the State of Israel” of 25 Tishrei 5709 (28 October 1948) provides the official specification for the design of the Israeli flag. • File:Flag_of_Italy.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Japan.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Origi- nal artist: ? 32 102 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

• File:Flag_of_Jordan.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg License: Public domain Contributors: own code, construction sheet Original artist: -xfi- • File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.kenyarchives.go.ke/flag_specifications.htm Original artist: User:Pumbaa80 • File:Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Drawn by User:SKopp, construction sheet. Redo by: cs:User:-xfi- Original artist: Made by Andrew Duhan for the Sodipodi SVG flag collection, and is public domain. • File:Flag_of_Laos.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg License: Public domain Con- tributors: Drawn by User:SKopp Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Latvia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: SKopp • File:Flag_of_Lebanon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: Traced based on the CIA World Factbook with some modification done to the colours based on information at Vexilla mundi. • File:Flag_of_Libya.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg License: Public domain Contributors: File:Flag of Libya (1951).svg Original artist: The source code of this SVG is valid. • File:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: SuffKopp • File:Flag_of_Madagascar.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Create based on the Malaysian Government Website (archive version) Original artist: SKopp, Zscout370 and Ranking Update

• File:Flag_of_Mexico.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg License: Public domain Contributors: This vector image was created with Inkscape. Original artist: Alex Covarrubias, 9 April 2006 • File:Flag_of_Moldova.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg License: Public domain Contributors: vector coat of arms image traced by User:Nameneko from Image:Moldova gerb large.png. Construction sheet can be found at http://flagspot.net/flags/md.html#const Original artist: Nameneko and others • File:Flag_of_Montenegro.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: B1mbo, Froztbyte • File:Flag_of_Morocco.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Flag of the Kingdom of Morocco

Moroccan royal decree (17 November 1915) Original artist: Denelson83, Zscout370 • File:Flag_of_Mozambique.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg License: CC0 Contributors: From the Open Clip Art website. Original artist: User:Nightstallion • File:Flag_of_Myanmar.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg License: CC0 Contributors: Open Clip Art Original artist: Unknown • File:Flag_of_Namibia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_North_Korea.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Zscout370 • File:Flag_of_Norway.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Dbenbenn • File:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg License: Public domain Contributors: The drawing and the colors were based from ﬂagspot.net. Original artist: User:Zscout370 • File:Flag_of_Paraguay.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg License: CC0 Con- tributors: This ﬁle is from the Open Clip Art Library, which released it explicitly into the public domain (see here). Original artist: Republica del Paraguay • File:Flag_of_Peru.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg License: Public domain Con- tributors: Peru Original artist: David Benbennick • File:Flag_of_Poland.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg License: Public domain Contrib- utors: ? Original artist: ? 102.2 Images 33

• File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg License: Public domain Contributors: http://jorgesampaio.arquivo.presidencia.pt/pt/republica/simbolos/bandeiras/index.html#imgs Original artist: Colum- bano Bordalo Pinheiro (1910; generic design); Vítor Luís Rodrigues; António Martins-Tuválkin (2004; this specific vector set: see sources) • File:Flag_of_Romania.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: AdiJapan • File:Flag_of_Russia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Origi- nal artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Serbia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: From http://www.parlament.gov.rs/content/cir/o_skupstini/simboli/simboli.asp. Original artist: sodipodi.com • File:Flag_of_Singapore.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg License: Public domain Contributors: The drawing was based from http://app.www.sg/who/42/National-Flag.aspx. Colors from the book: (2001). The National Symbols Kit. Singapore: Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts. pp. 5. ISBN 8880968010 Pantone 032 shade from http://www.pantone.com/pages/pantone/colorfinder.aspx?c_id=13050 Original artist: Various • File:Flag_of_Slovakia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work; here, colors Original artist: SKopp • File:Flag_of_Slovenia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work construction sheet from http://flagspot.net/flags/si%27.html#coa Original artist: User:Achim1999 • File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Per specifications in the Constitution of South Africa, Schedule 1 - National flag Original artist: Flag design by Frederick Brownell, image by Wikimedia Commons users • File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Ordinance Act of the Law concerning the National Flag of the Republic of Korea, Construction and color guidelines (Russian/English) ← This site is not exist now.(2012.06.05) Original artist: Various • File:Flag_of_Spain.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Swaziland.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Flag_of_Swaziland.svg License: CC0 Con- tributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Sweden.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Switzerland.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg License: Public domain Contributors: PDF Colors Construction sheet Original artist: User:Marc Mongenet

Credits: • File:Flag_of_Syria.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg License: Public domain Con- tributors: see below Original artist: see below • File:Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Tanzania.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Thailand.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Zscout370 • File:Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Vzb83 • File:Flag_of_Turkey.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Turkish Flag Law (Türk Bayrağı Kanunu), Law nr. 2893 of 22 September 1983. Text (in Turkish) at the website of the Turkish Historical Society (Türk Tarih Kurumu) Original artist: David Benbennick (original author) • File:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ДСТУ 4512:2006 — Державний прапор України. Загальні технічні умови Original artist: Government of Ukraine • File:Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Davlat bayrogʻi. The officially defined colours are Pantone 313C for blue and 361C for green (source: [1], [2]). Drawn by User:Zscout370. • File:Flag_of_Venezuela.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg License: Public domain Contributors: official websites Original artist: Zscout370 • File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg License: Public domain Contributors: http://vbqppl.moj.gov.vn/law/vi/1951_to_1960/1955/195511/195511300001 http://vbqppl.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/Lists/ Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=820 Original artist: Lưu Ly vẽ lại theo nguồn trên • File:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work after www.flag.de Original artist: User:Madden • File:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic. svg License: Public domain Contributors: • -xfi-'s file 34 102 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

• -xﬁ-'s code • Zirland’s codes of colors Original artist: (of code): SVG version by cs:-xﬁ-. • File:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Flag_of_ the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Nightstallion • File:Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_ Republic.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:Nightstallion • File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg Li- cense: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Zscout370 • File:Flag_of_the_People’{}s_Republic_of_China.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Flag_of_the_ People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work, http://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/eng/n_flag/ design.html Original artist: Drawn by User:SKopp, redrawn by User:Denelson83 and User:Zscout370 • File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg Li- cense: Public domain Contributors: The design was taken from [1] and the colors were also taken from a Government website Original artist: User:Achim1999 • File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_ China.svg License: Public domain Contributors: [1] Original artist: User:SKopp • File:Flag_of_the_Seychelles.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg License: Public domain Contributors: [1], for the RGB approximations [2] Original artist: User:Vxb83 • File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg Li- cense: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?

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