Prof. Ivan Dinev, Dsc, Phd, DVM Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

VETERINARY PATHOLOGY A COLOUR ATLAS prof. Ivan Dinev, DSc, PhD, DVM Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University Stara Zagora, Bulgaria First edition CEVA ANIMAL HEALTH BULGARIA LTD 2020 1 VETERINARY PATHOLOGY A Colour Atlas © Ivan Dinev Ivanov 2020 All rights reserved: This book is protected by the copyright law. The reproduction, imitation or distribution of the book, in whole or in part, in any format (electronic, photocopies etc.) without the prior consent, in writing, of copyright holders is strictly prohibited. First edition, 2020 This edition is composed and published in Bulgaria Graphic design and printing: 2M PRINT LTD ISBN: 978-954-9411-41-6 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface 5 Acknowledgements 6 1. Gastrointestinal tract pathology 7 1.1. Upper gastrointestinal tract pathology 8 1.2. Stomach and forestomach pathology 19 1.3. Intestinal tract pathology 30 1.4. Hepatites and hepatoses 54 1.5. Peritonites 78 2. Respiratory tract pathology 81 2.1. Upper respiratory tract pathology 82 2.2. Lower respiratory tract pathology 89 3. Pathology of cardiovascular and haematopoietic systems 112 3.1. Pericardites 113 3.2. Endocardites 119 3.3. Infarctions 125 3.4. Other cardiovascular disorders 129 3.5. Pathology of the haematopoietic system 138 3.5.1. Lymph node pathology 138 3.5.2. Spleen pathology 144 3.5.3. Bone marrow pathology 149 3.5.4. Thymus gland pathology 150 4. Pathology of nervous and endocrine systems 151 5. Pathology of musculoskeletal and integumentary systems 164 5.1. Skin lesions 165 5.2. Musculoskeletal lesions 179 5.3. Skin and musculoskeletal neoplasms 189 5.4. Deformities associated with trunk development 204 6. Urogenital system pathology 210 6.1. Urinary tract pathology 211 6.2. Genital tract pathology 236 Alphabetic index 253 3 Prologue: If there was no pathology …? Prologue: If there was no pathology …? This book has been published thanks to the kind support of Ceva Animal Health Bulgaria Ltd. This book has been published thanks to the kind support of Ceva Animal Health Bulgaria Ltd. http://bg.ceva.com http://bg.ceva.com 4 4 PREFACE In the spirit of similar previous publications of ours in the field of avian diseases, with proven practical orientation and good reception among practitioners, diagnosticians, etc., this edition is designed for use in pathomorphological diagnostics and differential diagnosis of diseases in various animal species and categories (farm animals and pets). The relatively long collection period (nearly a complete professional career) has enabled us to demonstrate characteristic lesions of diagnostic value in some common and less common diseases in these animal species. In the light of our practical experience in the diagnosis at macro- and micromorphological level, the distinctive lesions in various disease states of both infectious and non-infectious etiology, neoplasms and malformations are described. In general, they are all put in context for trainees, practitioners and pathologists and in our belief, new knowledge necessary for the interpretation of veterinary pathomorphology is generated and complemented. Of course, the dynamics of pathological processes associated to new and emerging pathogens remain a huge challenge. In support of this, the book includes demonstration of lesions characteristic of diseases from the distant past, yet still encountered nowadays; those thought to be controlled by immunoprophylaxis, etc., but still challenging, as well as emerging illnesses, unknown until recently. These circumstances necessitate maintening a high level of knowledge and experience in the field of pathoanatomical diagnostics, which is important or essential in some animal husbandry branches assisting in important medical decisions on therapy, control or eradication. The book is structured into sections based on the pathology of the individual anatomical systems of the animals. A relatively complete index is provided for easier navigation. All figures in this edition are coloured, allowing clear demonstration of the specific features of pathological manifestations. The explanatory texts to the illustrations, in addition to the description of findings, contain essential information on the etiology, pathogenesis and differentiation from similar conditions aimed at focusing the attention of specialists to a specific diagnosis. Truely convinced that what a picture/photograph shows is sometimes difficult to describe even with many words, the main approach of the book is the use of photo material. Our experience in the field of training also gives us reason to claim that this is the most comprehensible way of identifying lesions in individual nosological units. All photos in this book are original and taken during our research and diagnostic consultative work. The atlas contains a total of 702 colour illustrations, of which 596 (85%) are macroscopic and 106 (15%) are microscopic. The significant share of photographs showing macroscopic pathology in animals is intended to make the book available to a broader auditory. The relatively modest number of microscopic images is chosen with the same purpose but at the same time emphasises the diagnostic value of histological examination in some diseases. We believe that this synthesised form would be able to present a balanced overview of current issues in veterinary pathology, important for daily diagnostic practice. We hope that the publication will complement some new issues of knowledge and increase the confidence of specialists in the diagnosis of animal diseases. We look forward that our book will be well-received by among fellow veterinarians, veterinary students, livestock specialists and pet owners. This edition is also offered in an extended electronic version, which could be used for training of graduate students and young colleagues, based on extensive opportunities for discussion on the included issues. January 2019 Prof. Ivan Dinev Stara Zagora Department of General and Clinical Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University - Stara Zagora 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In relation to the completion of this book, I would like to, first and foremost, express my gratitude towards the company Ceva Animal Health Bulgaria Ltd. These are the people who, just a little over a decade ago, believed in my potential and accepted my proposal for the creation of such a book. I will use this opportunity to express my special gratitude and recognition towards my exceptional supporters for their trust and eagerness to publish this work. I am fully aware of the significance of this highly charitable cause and hope that this will be evident in the content and quality of this book. Another of my professional ideas was accomplished thanks to Ceva Animal Health Bulgaria Ltd. Personally, alongside my parents, my family, and my teachers, I am once more grateful to fate, which gave me the chance to bear direct responsibility with regard to healthcare in one of the sectors of industrial animal husbandry, and also the opportunity to practice in scientific research. Bring the issues of veterinary pathologyPrologue: fromIf there the wasfield no into pathology the research …? laboratory, the chance to achieve their clarification and provide feedback for the production process turned out to be the opportune moment, which made me professionally and creatively capable of completing several similar publications in this field. The combination of these activities helped me realise what one of the most needed handbooks could be to a veterinary practitioner, and eventually address this necessity. By fulfilling these duties, I bore a dual responsibility. On one hand, the responsibility for healthcare in the field, and on the other – the responsibility for the crucial moment in this process – the correct diagnosis. I would like to express my gratitude to all of my practitioner colleagues who trusted in our potential and provided us with materials for macro- and microscopic examination in a number of cases during the challenging process of diagnosing animal illnesses. My greatest satisfaction has always been to receive feedback from our practitioner colleagues on the significance of our patho-morphological diagnostics in their practice. This was an undeniably motivating factor, which engaged us into the preparation for this book’s publication. I give my thanks to the team of the histopathological examination laboratory of the Department of General and Clinical Pathology at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University – Stara Zagora for their meticulously crafted materials during our diagnostic and research work in the field of veterinary pathology, with some of the microphotographs in this atlas being based on their work. Last, but not least, I would like to express my thanks for several photos from the personal archive of Associate Professor Dimitar Stoykov, PhD, which were courteously provided by his heirs, included in the atlas under the numbers 1.1-13; 1.2-20; 1.2-21; 1.3-21; 1.3-49; 1.3-56; 1.3-57; 2.1-9; 2.2- 45; 2.2-67; 3.4-10; 3.4-11; 3.1-15; 3.5.1-6; 5.1-36; 6.2-34 and 6.2-35. Thanks to all who made this book a reality! This book has been published thanks to the kind support of Ceva Animal Health Bulgaria Ltd. January, 2019 Stara Zagora Prof. Ivan Dinev http://bg.ceva.com 6 4 7 1.1.1.1. UPPERUPPER GASTROINTESTINAL GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT TRACT PATHOLOGY PATHOLOGY 1.1-1 Fluorosis, sheep. High dietary or drinking water fluoride concentrations are the cause of dental fluorosis 1.1-1 Fluorosis,in men and sheep. animals. High Early dietary and or moderate drinking lesionswater fluorideare manifested concentrations with appearance are the cause of brown of dental or black fluorosis spots and in mentooth and enamelanimals. erosion. Early and moderate lesions are manifested with appearance of brown or black spots and tooth enamel erosion. 1.1-2 Odontolithiasis - dental calculus, 1.1-2 dog.Odontolithiasis In dogs, dental- dental calculus calculus, (tartar) dog. is In a dogs,mixture dental of calcium calculus phosphate (tartar) and is a mixturecalcium of carbonate calcium phosphate with organic and mat- calciumter, carbonatedeposited onwith the organic buccal surfacemat- of ter, depositedteeth.

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